Environmental Impacts of Multi-Storey Buildings Using Different ...

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Timber Plus ProjectWINDOW REVEALSMaterial:Species:VOC Emissions:Transport:Certification:Available:Processing Energy:Treatment required:Surface Finishing:Finish / Maintenance:Paint finishWestern Red Cedar.Thuja PlicataN/A External Use Only.Grown / processed in W.Canada. As no chemical treatment is required for thistimber species it is claimed that there is a significant reduction in embodied energywhich offsets the additional transport energy required to cross the Pacific.FSC certified timber available in NZ.Herman Pacific Ltd. www.hermpac.co.nzUnknown.None.Migrating oil stain (penetrating stain).With correct maintenance of surface finishes cedar is expected to last well inexcess of the 60 year building lifespan. Note: Paint finish is preferred for timberjoinery or at least a stain under the clear finish. Clear finishes alone will still allowdegradation of the timber under the clear film as UV light will still penetrate theclear. Pigments in stain and paint help prevent penetration of the UV light whichbreaks down the timber fibres.Life expectancy as per Resene “Expected Life System Chart” - paint system only- SC1 New and SC2 Repaint cosmetic only – 10yrs- SC3 – repaint with wear and tear – 5 yrsDescription:Interior timber joinery, waterborne gloss1 coat:NRS: Resene Quick Dry, waterborne primer / undercoat2 coat:Resene Enamacryl waterborne gloss enamel3 coat:Resene Enamacryl waterborne gloss enamelSystem meets Green Star IEQ13 requirements as at 15/05/08Stain and Clear FinishLife expectancy stain and clear – reapplication of clear finish to the sill areas ofwindows will need to be approximately every 3-4 years. Other areas, approximately6-8 years depending on sun exposure.Description:Interior timber joinery, waterborne, stained finish1 coat:Resene Colorwood D50a, waterborne wood stain2 coat:Resene Aquaclear D59, waterborne urethane3 coat:Resene Aquaclear D59, waterborne urethane4 coat:Resene Aquaclear D59, waterborne urethaneResene Aquaclear available in Gloss, Semi Gloss and Satin finishes –System meets Environmental Choice but not Green Star IEQ 13 requirements as at 15/05/08 –as there are no allowances for stains or clear finishes currently.Page 14 of 21 May 2008
Timber Plus ProjectROOF FRAMINGMaterial:Species:VOC Emissions:Transport:Certification:Available:Processing Energy:Treatment required:Finish / Maintenance:Laserframe.Pinus Radiata (plantation grown).No solvents involved in preservative treatment.Grown / produced in New Zealand. S. Island supplies from Nelson. N. Islandsupplied from Kawerau. Trucked to merchants throughout the North and SouthIslands.FSC CoC certifiedCarter Holt Harvey Ltd. www.chh.com100% of the heat used in drying timber at the Nelson plant is derived from woodwaste. The heat used for drying at the Kawerau plant comes from the Hog Fuel(Wood Waste) and from burning the Black Liquor produced from dissolving thewood fibre in NAOH.H3.1 ACQ.Periodic inspections to ensure integrity of roof coverings.PLYWOOD ROOFSMaterial:Species:VOC Emissions:Transport:Certification:Available:Processing Energy:Treatment required:Finish / Maintenance:Construction Plywood.Pinus Radiata (plantation grown).Produced to E0 standard.Grown / produced in New Zealand (Tokoroa and Mt Maunganui). Trucked tomerchants throughout the North and South Islands.FSC CoC certifiedCarter Holt Harvey Ltd. www.chh.comAll veneer drying is from gas and all steam for log conditioning is supplied Hog Fuel(Wood Waste) and burning of the black liquor from the pulping process.H3.1 rated ACQ.Periodic inspections to ensure integrity of roof coverings.Note that all membrane roofs must be ventilated. There is currently no NZstandard for this but a code of practice is currently being developed. When this isavailable it should be adhered to for the timber plus building.PARAPET FRAMINGMaterial:Species:VOC Emissions:Transport:Certification:Available:Processing Energy:Treatment required:Laserframe.Pinus Radiata (plantation grown).No solvents involved in preservative treatment.Grown / produced in New Zealand. S. Island supplies from Nelson. N. Islandsupplied from Kawerau. Trucked to merchants throughout the North and SouthIslands.FSC CoC certifiedCarter Holt Harvey Ltd. www.chh.com100% of the heat used in drying timber at the Nelson plant is derived from woodwaste. The heat used for drying at the Kawerau plant comes from the Hog Fuel(Wood Waste) and from burning the Black Liquor produced from dissolving thewood fibre in NAOH.H1.2 Boron.Page 15 of 21 May 2008
Page 1 and 2:
Environmental Impacts ofMulti-Store
Page 5 and 6:
ContentsGlossary...................
Page 7 and 8:
6.3.4.3 Maintenance related embodie
Page 9 and 10:
- 9 -GlossaryCO 2 stored - refers t
Page 11 and 12:
- 11 -Chapter 7Chapter 8Chapter 9Ch
Page 13 and 14:
- 13 -An alternative end-of-life sc
Page 15 and 16:
- 15 -designers and a shortage of b
Page 17 and 18:
- 17 -• Ministry for the Environm
Page 19 and 20:
- 19 -which it can be fashioned to
Page 21 and 22:
- 21 -For fire safety, the New Zeal
Page 23 and 24:
- 23 -buildings for low seismic are
Page 25 and 26:
- 25 -4 The Buildings4.1 Constructi
Page 27 and 28:
- 27 -the building. The basement le
Page 29 and 30:
- 29 -4.3.2 Common Design Principle
Page 31 and 32:
- 31 -Figure 4.5: South-west façad
Page 33 and 34:
- 33 -the three longitudinal frames
Page 35 and 36:
- 35 -4.3.5.2 Floor and RoofThe str
Page 37 and 38:
- 37 -4.4 Multi-Storey Timber Build
Page 39 and 40:
- 39 -Several different solutions h
Page 41 and 42:
- 41 -5 Operational Energy5.1 Gener
Page 43 and 44:
- 43 -Table 5.1: Simulation inputs
Page 45 and 46:
- 45 -Table 5.3: Areas of office en
Page 47 and 48:
- 47 -Modifying the design to achie
Page 49 and 50:
- 49 -• Standards New Zealand (NZ
Page 51 and 52:
- 51 -6 Life Cycle Assessment6.1 In
Page 53 and 54:
- 53 -6.2.3.3 Impact AssessmentThe
Page 55 and 56:
- 55 -6.3.2.2 System BoundariesThe
Page 57 and 58:
- 57 -For more information see:http
Page 59 and 60:
- 59 -6.3.3 Inventory Analysis6.3.3
Page 61 and 62:
- 61 -Table 6.2: Net tonnes CO 2 eq
Page 63 and 64:
- 63 -Growing timber takes up CO 2
Page 65 and 66:
- 65 -6.3.4 Impact AssessmentTotal
Page 67 and 68:
- 67 -8000700060005000GWP (t CO2 eq
Page 69 and 70:
- 69 -As explained above, carbon st
Page 71 and 72:
- 71 -Figure 6.10: Total embodied e
Page 73 and 74:
- 73 -Table 6.9: Total GWP of each
Page 75 and 76:
- 75 -8,0007,0006,0005,000GWP (t CO
Page 77 and 78:
- 77 -45000400003500030000GWP (kg C
Page 79 and 80:
- 79 -assumed to be identical for t
Page 81 and 82:
- 81 -6.4.3.2 Green Star Recycling
Page 83 and 84:
- 83 -Table 6.16: Green Star result
Page 85 and 86:
- 85 -The contribution of initial e
Page 87 and 88:
- 87 -results, the reutilisation sc
Page 89 and 90:
- 89 -7.1.1 Platform and Balloon Co
Page 91 and 92:
- 91 -buildings has been analysed a
Page 93 and 94:
- 93 -Figure 7.5: Construction sche
Page 95 and 96:
- 95 -8.2 Source and Availability o
Page 97 and 98:
- 97 -It would be incorrect, howeve
Page 99 and 100:
- 99 -8.5 Additional Opportunities
Page 101 and 102:
- 101 -example, removal of CCA trea
Page 103 and 104:
- 103 -The Waste Minimisation Bill
Page 105 and 106:
- 105 -9 Discussion9.1 The Building
Page 107 and 108:
- 107 -• The buildings tend to be
Page 109 and 110:
- 109 -9.4.3 Data Sets9.4.3.1 Gener
Page 111 and 112:
- 111 -The following assessment wil
Page 113 and 114:
- 113 -Table 9.1. GWP coefficients
Page 115 and 116:
- 115 -Figure 9.2 shows that the ne
Page 117 and 118: - 117 -placing and retaining materi
Page 119 and 120: - 119 -Net CO 2 emissions - that is
Page 121 and 122: - 121 -The LVL specified for the st
Page 123 and 124: - 123 -10 ConclusionsThe following
Page 125 and 126: - 125 -building types, instead subs
Page 127 and 128: - 127 -In summary, reutilisation sh
Page 129 and 130: - 129 -• What is the ranking of t
Page 131 and 132: - 131 -• What is the comparison i
Page 133 and 134: - 133 -Connell Wagner (2007): Combu
Page 135 and 136: - 135 -Suzuki, Michiya, and Tatsuo
Page 137 and 138: - 137 -C O N C R E T E B U I L D I
Page 139 and 140: - 139 -S T E E L B U I L D I N Gm m
Page 141 and 142: - 141 -T I M B E R B U I L D I N Gm
Page 143 and 144: - 143 -T I M B E R B U I L D I N G
Page 145 and 146: - 145 -T Exterior Wall Cladding 581
Page 147 and 148: - 147 -Appendix B. Life times of bu
Page 149 and 150: - 149 -Appendix D: Transport scenar
Page 154 and 155: - 151 -Appendix F: Warren and Mahon
Page 156 and 157: Timber Plus ProjectSummary of the T
Page 158 and 159: Timber Plus ProjectGreen Star Ratin
Page 160 and 161: Timber Plus ProjectVolatile Organic
Page 162 and 163: Timber Plus ProjectThe Forest Stewa
Page 164 and 165: Timber Plus ProjectStain and Clear
Page 166 and 167: Timber Plus ProjectINTERIOR WALL CL
Page 170 and 171: Timber Plus ProjectSOFFIT FRAMINGMa
Page 172 and 173: Timber Plus ProjectEXTERIOR WALL CL
Page 174 and 175: Timber Plus ProjectAdditional Oppor
Page 176 and 177: Appendix AResene Expected Paint Sys
Page 178 and 179: - 152 -Appendix G: Green Star Asses
Page 180 and 181: New Zealand Forest Research Institu
Page 182 and 183: Executive SummaryA common building
Page 184 and 185: 1 IntroductionA common building des
Page 186 and 187: Timber pluso The same assumptions a
Page 188 and 189: Table 1-1-1: Weightings in Green St
Page 190 and 191: The science behind LCA is still dev
Page 192 and 193: In comparison the LCA results have
Page 194 and 195: All four buildings in this research
Page 196 and 197: 1.4 Further WorkThe difficulty in m
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