Environmental Impacts of Multi-Storey Buildings Using Different ...
Environmental Impacts of Multi-Storey Buildings Using Different ... Environmental Impacts of Multi-Storey Buildings Using Different ...
- 140 -S/G Internal Wall Framing 3.5 615852 5134.5 92 x 0.75 0.00104164 574 150 x 0.75 0.001547843 2950.5 92 x 1.15 0.001523 10.72Gib Walls - 13 Standard 328 Interior843 Interior852 Interior 2023.00 0.0087 17.60Gib Walls - 13 Fyreline 1230 Interior 0.0098 12.05P Interior Walls 1808123032816861704 6756.00 0.73In Walls - acoustic 615 0.86WindowsG Windows 138172 1453.00 0.03095 44.97T Window reveals 496 400 x 25 4.96 0.506 2.51Al Windows 2418 0.5 1209.00 0.005366 6.49DoorsG Doors 6 11 0.03095 0.34T Doors 69 0.029 2.00P Doors 69 216 0.02Al Doors 51 0.5 25.50 0.005366 0.14Ceiling officesFb/C Mineral fibre ceiling tiles 3660685 4345.00 0.0045 19.55In Ceilings 445 exposed to outside - L6 and L7 plantroom40960 914.00 1.37LouversAl Louvres 2903 0.7 2032.10 0.013415 27.26S T E E L B U I L D I N G M A I N T E N A N C EStairs Lifetime # of replacements Mass of replacements (tonnes)C Stairs 50 0.2 20.21 Kirk et al. 1995R/S Stairs 50 0.2 0.81 Kirk et al. 1995G Balustrading 40 0.5 0.86 Kirk et al. 1995Exterior wallsS Wall Cladding 30 1 13.58 Kirk et al. 1995S/G Exterior Cavity Battens 40 0.5 1.03 Szalay 2006P Exterior Walls 8 6.5 0.02 Szalay 2006FC Exotec fibrecement walls 50 0.2 0.08 Szalay 2006Gib Walls - 13 Standard 40 0.5 7.86 Szalay 2006S Parapet Framing 50 0.2 0.07 Szalay 2006FC Exotec fibrecement parapet 50 0.2 0.18 Szalay 2006P Exterior Parapets 8 6.5 0.05 Szalay 2006FC Vitra fibrecement soffits 50 0.2 0.23 Szalay 2006P Exterior Soffits 8 6.5 0.06 Szalay 2006RoofS Wall Cladding 40 0.5 0.90 Szalay 2006S Roof Cladding 40 0.5 1.67 Szalay 2006S Spouting 40 0.5 0.20 Kirk et al. 1995S Downpipes 40 0.5 0.16 Kirk et al. 1995Interior wallFC Exotec fibrecement walls 50 0.2 4.58 Szalay 2006Gib Walls - 13 Standard 40 0.5 8.80 Szalay 2006Gib Walls - 13 Fyreline 40 0.5 6.03 Szalay 2006P Interior Walls 8 6.5 4.76 Szalay 2006WindowsG Windows 40 0.5 22.49 Szalay 2006T Window reveals 40 0.5 1.25 Szalay 2006Al Windows 40 0.5 3.24 Szalay 2006DoorsG Doors 40 0.5 0.17 Szalay 2006T Doors 40 0.5 1.00 Szalay 2006P Doors 8 6.5 0.15 Szalay 2006Al Doors 40 0.5 0.07 Szalay 2006Ceiling officesFb/C Mineral fibre ceiling tiles 40 0.5 9.78 Assumption
- 141 -T I M B E R B U I L D I N Gm m2 workings m3 density tonnesFoundationsC Beam Foundations 69 1.2 x 0.6 49.6837 1.5 x 1.4 77.70 127.38 2.31 294.25R/S Beam Foundations 6937 106 0.046 4.88C Raft Foundations 58 0.3 17.4017 0.3 5.10 22.50 2.31 51.98R/S Raft Foundations 5817 75 0.04 3.00C Foundation Pads 6 0.3 x 0.2 0.11 2.31 0.25R/S Foundation Pads 6 0.3 x 0.2 0.11 0.05 0.01Ground Floor SlabsC Ground Floor Slabs 72 0.25 18.00725 0.2 145.00 163.00 2.31 376.53R/S Ground Floor Slabs 72725 797 0.002273 1.81Suspended floorsC Suspended Floor Slabs 4304 0.065 279.76 2.31 646.25R/S Suspended Floor Slabs 4304 0.002273 9.78T Plywood Floors 4304 0.0117 50.36StairsG Balustrading 27 45.9 0.0375 1.72T Stairs 27 0.40 10.92 0.506 5.53Structure:S/S Posts 2.18S/S Joist hangers 900 0.00034272 0.31S/S Beam tendons 30 0.11S/S Column base shoe 18 0.0101388 0.18S/S Column base dissipater 144 0.00073631 0.11S/S Wall base dissipater 72 0.00301593 0.22S/S Wall base MacAlloy 12 0.05222898 0.63LVL Columns 430 600 x 378 97.5298 500 x 378 18.52 116.05 0.506 58.72LVL Posts 140 200 x 189 5.2998 160 x 126 1.98123 200 x 189 4.65 11.92 0.506 6.03LVL Beams 425 600 x 378 72.29442 550 x 378 91.8957 450 x 252 6.4680 240 x 126 2.4289 200 x 126 2.2452 220 x 189 2.16 177.47 0.506 89.80LVL Portals 161 360 x 189 10.95 0.506 5.54LVL Joists 1 4304 400 x 126 216.92 0.506 109.76LVL Shear Walls 581 252 146.41 0.506 74.08Exterior wallsT Exterior Wall Framing 3.5 157230241 6450.5 100 x 50 32.25 0.506 16.32T Exterior Cavity Battens 1.8 58115726530 4046.4 50 x 25 5.06 0.506 2.56FC Exotec fibrecement walls 581157230 2183.00 0.0135 29.47P Exterior Walls 58115726530 2248.00 0.24In Walls - R2.6 15721641685 3421.00 5.70Gib Walls - 13 Standard 1572 Extertior walls 0.0087 13.68T Parapet Framing 3.5 65 227.5 100 x 50 1.14 0.506 0.58FC Exotec fibrecement parapet 65 0.0135 0.88P Exterior Parapets 65 0.01T Soffit Framing 3.8 87 330.6 75 x 50 1.24 0.506 0.63FC Vitra fibrecement soffits 87 0.0135 1.17P Exterior Soffits 87 0.01
- Page 89 and 90: - 89 -7.1.1 Platform and Balloon Co
- Page 91 and 92: - 91 -buildings has been analysed a
- Page 93 and 94: - 93 -Figure 7.5: Construction sche
- Page 95 and 96: - 95 -8.2 Source and Availability o
- Page 97 and 98: - 97 -It would be incorrect, howeve
- Page 99 and 100: - 99 -8.5 Additional Opportunities
- Page 101 and 102: - 101 -example, removal of CCA trea
- Page 103 and 104: - 103 -The Waste Minimisation Bill
- Page 105 and 106: - 105 -9 Discussion9.1 The Building
- Page 107 and 108: - 107 -• The buildings tend to be
- Page 109 and 110: - 109 -9.4.3 Data Sets9.4.3.1 Gener
- Page 111 and 112: - 111 -The following assessment wil
- Page 113 and 114: - 113 -Table 9.1. GWP coefficients
- Page 115 and 116: - 115 -Figure 9.2 shows that the ne
- Page 117 and 118: - 117 -placing and retaining materi
- Page 119 and 120: - 119 -Net CO 2 emissions - that is
- Page 121 and 122: - 121 -The LVL specified for the st
- Page 123 and 124: - 123 -10 ConclusionsThe following
- Page 125 and 126: - 125 -building types, instead subs
- Page 127 and 128: - 127 -In summary, reutilisation sh
- Page 129 and 130: - 129 -• What is the ranking of t
- Page 131 and 132: - 131 -• What is the comparison i
- Page 133 and 134: - 133 -Connell Wagner (2007): Combu
- Page 135 and 136: - 135 -Suzuki, Michiya, and Tatsuo
- Page 137 and 138: - 137 -C O N C R E T E B U I L D I
- Page 139: - 139 -S T E E L B U I L D I N Gm m
- Page 143 and 144: - 143 -T I M B E R B U I L D I N G
- Page 145 and 146: - 145 -T Exterior Wall Cladding 581
- Page 147 and 148: - 147 -Appendix B. Life times of bu
- Page 149 and 150: - 149 -Appendix D: Transport scenar
- Page 154 and 155: - 151 -Appendix F: Warren and Mahon
- Page 156 and 157: Timber Plus ProjectSummary of the T
- Page 158 and 159: Timber Plus ProjectGreen Star Ratin
- Page 160 and 161: Timber Plus ProjectVolatile Organic
- Page 162 and 163: Timber Plus ProjectThe Forest Stewa
- Page 164 and 165: Timber Plus ProjectStain and Clear
- Page 166 and 167: Timber Plus ProjectINTERIOR WALL CL
- Page 168 and 169: Timber Plus ProjectWINDOW REVEALSMa
- Page 170 and 171: Timber Plus ProjectSOFFIT FRAMINGMa
- Page 172 and 173: Timber Plus ProjectEXTERIOR WALL CL
- Page 174 and 175: Timber Plus ProjectAdditional Oppor
- Page 176 and 177: Appendix AResene Expected Paint Sys
- Page 178 and 179: - 152 -Appendix G: Green Star Asses
- Page 180 and 181: New Zealand Forest Research Institu
- Page 182 and 183: Executive SummaryA common building
- Page 184 and 185: 1 IntroductionA common building des
- Page 186 and 187: Timber pluso The same assumptions a
- Page 188 and 189: Table 1-1-1: Weightings in Green St
- 140 -S/G Internal Wall Framing 3.5 615852 5134.5 92 x 0.75 0.00104164 574 150 x 0.75 0.001547843 2950.5 92 x 1.15 0.001523 10.72Gib Walls - 13 Standard 328 Interior843 Interior852 Interior 2023.00 0.0087 17.60Gib Walls - 13 Fyreline 1230 Interior 0.0098 12.05P Interior Walls 1808123032816861704 6756.00 0.73In Walls - acoustic 615 0.86WindowsG Windows 138172 1453.00 0.03095 44.97T Window reveals 496 400 x 25 4.96 0.506 2.51Al Windows 2418 0.5 1209.00 0.005366 6.49DoorsG Doors 6 11 0.03095 0.34T Doors 69 0.029 2.00P Doors 69 216 0.02Al Doors 51 0.5 25.50 0.005366 0.14Ceiling <strong>of</strong>ficesFb/C Mineral fibre ceiling tiles 3660685 4345.00 0.0045 19.55In Ceilings 445 exposed to outside - L6 and L7 plantroom40960 914.00 1.37LouversAl Louvres 2903 0.7 2032.10 0.013415 27.26S T E E L B U I L D I N G M A I N T E N A N C EStairs Lifetime # <strong>of</strong> replacements Mass <strong>of</strong> replacements (tonnes)C Stairs 50 0.2 20.21 Kirk et al. 1995R/S Stairs 50 0.2 0.81 Kirk et al. 1995G Balustrading 40 0.5 0.86 Kirk et al. 1995Exterior wallsS Wall Cladding 30 1 13.58 Kirk et al. 1995S/G Exterior Cavity Battens 40 0.5 1.03 Szalay 2006P Exterior Walls 8 6.5 0.02 Szalay 2006FC Exotec fibrecement walls 50 0.2 0.08 Szalay 2006Gib Walls - 13 Standard 40 0.5 7.86 Szalay 2006S Parapet Framing 50 0.2 0.07 Szalay 2006FC Exotec fibrecement parapet 50 0.2 0.18 Szalay 2006P Exterior Parapets 8 6.5 0.05 Szalay 2006FC Vitra fibrecement s<strong>of</strong>fits 50 0.2 0.23 Szalay 2006P Exterior S<strong>of</strong>fits 8 6.5 0.06 Szalay 2006Ro<strong>of</strong>S Wall Cladding 40 0.5 0.90 Szalay 2006S Ro<strong>of</strong> Cladding 40 0.5 1.67 Szalay 2006S Spouting 40 0.5 0.20 Kirk et al. 1995S Downpipes 40 0.5 0.16 Kirk et al. 1995Interior wallFC Exotec fibrecement walls 50 0.2 4.58 Szalay 2006Gib Walls - 13 Standard 40 0.5 8.80 Szalay 2006Gib Walls - 13 Fyreline 40 0.5 6.03 Szalay 2006P Interior Walls 8 6.5 4.76 Szalay 2006WindowsG Windows 40 0.5 22.49 Szalay 2006T Window reveals 40 0.5 1.25 Szalay 2006Al Windows 40 0.5 3.24 Szalay 2006DoorsG Doors 40 0.5 0.17 Szalay 2006T Doors 40 0.5 1.00 Szalay 2006P Doors 8 6.5 0.15 Szalay 2006Al Doors 40 0.5 0.07 Szalay 2006Ceiling <strong>of</strong>ficesFb/C Mineral fibre ceiling tiles 40 0.5 9.78 Assumption
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