Environmental Impacts of Multi-Storey Buildings Using Different ...

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- 134 -Nebel, B., Alcorn, A. and Wittstock, B. (2009). Life Cycle Assessment: Adopting andadapting overseas LCA data and methodologies for building materials in NewZealand. ScionResearch.NZ Green Building Council. "Green Star NZ - Office Design V1". 2008.http://www.nzgbc.org.nz/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=80&Itemid=75.NZS. NZS 4243: 1996 Energy Efficiency - Large Buildings: Standards New Zealand, 1996.Oppenheim, D., & Treloar, G. (1995). Embodied energy and office buildings - A case study.Proceedings of the 33rd Australian and New Zealand Solar Energy SocietyConference 1, 349 - 354.Page, Ian. E408 Timber in Government Buildings - Cost and Evironmental Impact Analysis.Porirua: BRANZ Limited, 2006.Palermo, A., Pampanin, S., Fragiacomo, M., Buchanan, A. H., & Deam, B. L. (2006).Innovative Seismic Solution for Multi-Storey LVL Timber Buildings. Proceedings,World Conference on Timber Engineering, Portland, USA, August 2006.Perez, N. (2008): The influence of construction materials on the life cycle energy use andcarbon dioxide emissions of medium sized commercial buildings. M.B.Sc thesis forMaster in Building Science. Victoria University of Wellington.Princeton (2008): Princeton University Design Standards: 1.1 University FacilitiesOrganization.http://www.princeton.edu/facilities/design_construction/princeton_university_desi/Property Council of New Zealand, 2000. Energy consumption benchmarks: An analysis of theenergy expenses incurred by New Zealand CBD office buildings.Sartori, I., and A. G. Hestnes. "Energy Use in the Life Cycle of Conventional and Low-Energy Buildings: A Review Article " Energy and buildings 39 (2007): 249-57.Skog, K.; Nicholson, G. (1998): Carbon cycling through wood products: The role of woodand paper products in carbon sequestration. Forest Products Journal, Vol. 48, No 7/8.Smith, T. (2008). Masters thesis; ‘Hybrid Laminated Veneer Lumbar Buildings; Detailing,Feasibility and Constructibility’. Department of Civil and Natural ResourcesEngineering, Canterbury University.Smith, T., Pampanin, S., Fragiacomo, M., & Buchanan, A. H. (2008). Design andConstruction of Prestressed Timber Buildings for Seismic Areas. Proceedings, WorldConference on Timber Engineering, Miyazaki, Japan, June 2008.Standards New Zealand (NZS) 4220, 1982. “Code of practice for energy conservation in nonresidentialbuildings”.Structural Engineering International (2008). Volume 18, No. 12.
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Environmental Impacts ofMulti-Store
Page 5 and 6:
ContentsGlossary...................
Page 7 and 8:
6.3.4.3 Maintenance related embodie
Page 9 and 10:
- 9 -GlossaryCO 2 stored - refers t
Page 11 and 12:
- 11 -Chapter 7Chapter 8Chapter 9Ch
Page 13 and 14:
- 13 -An alternative end-of-life sc
Page 15 and 16:
- 15 -designers and a shortage of b
Page 17 and 18:
- 17 -• Ministry for the Environm
Page 19 and 20:
- 19 -which it can be fashioned to
Page 21 and 22:
- 21 -For fire safety, the New Zeal
Page 23 and 24:
- 23 -buildings for low seismic are
Page 25 and 26:
- 25 -4 The Buildings4.1 Constructi
Page 27 and 28:
- 27 -the building. The basement le
Page 29 and 30:
- 29 -4.3.2 Common Design Principle
Page 31 and 32:
- 31 -Figure 4.5: South-west façad
Page 33 and 34:
- 33 -the three longitudinal frames
Page 35 and 36:
- 35 -4.3.5.2 Floor and RoofThe str
Page 37 and 38:
- 37 -4.4 Multi-Storey Timber Build
Page 39 and 40:
- 39 -Several different solutions h
Page 41 and 42:
- 41 -5 Operational Energy5.1 Gener
Page 43 and 44:
- 43 -Table 5.1: Simulation inputs
Page 45 and 46:
- 45 -Table 5.3: Areas of office en
Page 47 and 48:
- 47 -Modifying the design to achie
Page 49 and 50:
- 49 -• Standards New Zealand (NZ
Page 51 and 52:
- 51 -6 Life Cycle Assessment6.1 In
Page 53 and 54:
- 53 -6.2.3.3 Impact AssessmentThe
Page 55 and 56:
- 55 -6.3.2.2 System BoundariesThe
Page 57 and 58:
- 57 -For more information see:http
Page 59 and 60:
- 59 -6.3.3 Inventory Analysis6.3.3
Page 61 and 62:
- 61 -Table 6.2: Net tonnes CO 2 eq
Page 63 and 64:
- 63 -Growing timber takes up CO 2
Page 65 and 66:
- 65 -6.3.4 Impact AssessmentTotal
Page 67 and 68:
- 67 -8000700060005000GWP (t CO2 eq
Page 69 and 70:
- 69 -As explained above, carbon st
Page 71 and 72:
- 71 -Figure 6.10: Total embodied e
Page 73 and 74:
- 73 -Table 6.9: Total GWP of each
Page 75 and 76:
- 75 -8,0007,0006,0005,000GWP (t CO
Page 77 and 78:
- 77 -45000400003500030000GWP (kg C
Page 79 and 80:
- 79 -assumed to be identical for t
Page 81 and 82:
- 81 -6.4.3.2 Green Star Recycling
Page 83 and 84: - 83 -Table 6.16: Green Star result
Page 85 and 86: - 85 -The contribution of initial e
Page 87 and 88: - 87 -results, the reutilisation sc
Page 89 and 90: - 89 -7.1.1 Platform and Balloon Co
Page 91 and 92: - 91 -buildings has been analysed a
Page 93 and 94: - 93 -Figure 7.5: Construction sche
Page 95 and 96: - 95 -8.2 Source and Availability o
Page 97 and 98: - 97 -It would be incorrect, howeve
Page 99 and 100: - 99 -8.5 Additional Opportunities
Page 101 and 102: - 101 -example, removal of CCA trea
Page 103 and 104: - 103 -The Waste Minimisation Bill
Page 105 and 106: - 105 -9 Discussion9.1 The Building
Page 107 and 108: - 107 -• The buildings tend to be
Page 109 and 110: - 109 -9.4.3 Data Sets9.4.3.1 Gener
Page 111 and 112: - 111 -The following assessment wil
Page 113 and 114: - 113 -Table 9.1. GWP coefficients
Page 115 and 116: - 115 -Figure 9.2 shows that the ne
Page 117 and 118: - 117 -placing and retaining materi
Page 119 and 120: - 119 -Net CO 2 emissions - that is
Page 121 and 122: - 121 -The LVL specified for the st
Page 123 and 124: - 123 -10 ConclusionsThe following
Page 125 and 126: - 125 -building types, instead subs
Page 127 and 128: - 127 -In summary, reutilisation sh
Page 129 and 130: - 129 -• What is the ranking of t
Page 131 and 132: - 131 -• What is the comparison i
Page 133: - 133 -Connell Wagner (2007): Combu
Page 137 and 138: - 137 -C O N C R E T E B U I L D I
Page 139 and 140: - 139 -S T E E L B U I L D I N Gm m
Page 141 and 142: - 141 -T I M B E R B U I L D I N Gm
Page 143 and 144: - 143 -T I M B E R B U I L D I N G
Page 145 and 146: - 145 -T Exterior Wall Cladding 581
Page 147 and 148: - 147 -Appendix B. Life times of bu
Page 149 and 150: - 149 -Appendix D: Transport scenar
Page 154 and 155: - 151 -Appendix F: Warren and Mahon
Page 156 and 157: Timber Plus ProjectSummary of the T
Page 158 and 159: Timber Plus ProjectGreen Star Ratin
Page 160 and 161: Timber Plus ProjectVolatile Organic
Page 162 and 163: Timber Plus ProjectThe Forest Stewa
Page 164 and 165: Timber Plus ProjectStain and Clear
Page 166 and 167: Timber Plus ProjectINTERIOR WALL CL
Page 168 and 169: Timber Plus ProjectWINDOW REVEALSMa
Page 170 and 171: Timber Plus ProjectSOFFIT FRAMINGMa
Page 172 and 173: Timber Plus ProjectEXTERIOR WALL CL
Page 174 and 175: Timber Plus ProjectAdditional Oppor
Page 176 and 177: Appendix AResene Expected Paint Sys
Page 178 and 179: - 152 -Appendix G: Green Star Asses
Page 180 and 181: New Zealand Forest Research Institu
Page 182 and 183: Executive SummaryA common building
Page 184 and 185:
1 IntroductionA common building des
Page 186 and 187:
Timber pluso The same assumptions a
Page 188 and 189:
Table 1-1-1: Weightings in Green St
Page 190 and 191:
The science behind LCA is still dev
Page 192 and 193:
In comparison the LCA results have
Page 194 and 195:
All four buildings in this research
Page 196 and 197:
1.4 Further WorkThe difficulty in m
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