- 134 -Nebel, B., Alcorn, A. and Wittstock, B. (2009). Life Cycle Assessment: Adopting andadapting overseas LCA data and methodologies for building materials in NewZealand. ScionResearch.NZ Green Building Council. "Green Star NZ - Office Design V1". 2008.http://www.nzgbc.org.nz/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=80&Itemid=75.NZS. NZS 4243: 1996 Energy Efficiency - Large <strong>Buildings</strong>: Standards New Zealand, 1996.Oppenheim, D., & Treloar, G. (1995). Embodied energy and <strong>of</strong>fice buildings - A case study.Proceedings <strong>of</strong> the 33rd Australian and New Zealand Solar Energy SocietyConference 1, 349 - 354.Page, Ian. E408 Timber in Government <strong>Buildings</strong> - Cost and Evironmental Impact Analysis.Porirua: BRANZ Limited, 2006.Palermo, A., Pampanin, S., Fragiacomo, M., Buchanan, A. H., & Deam, B. L. (2006).Innovative Seismic Solution for <strong>Multi</strong>-<strong>Storey</strong> LVL Timber <strong>Buildings</strong>. Proceedings,World Conference on Timber Engineering, Portland, USA, August 2006.Perez, N. (2008): The influence <strong>of</strong> construction materials on the life cycle energy use andcarbon dioxide emissions <strong>of</strong> medium sized commercial buildings. M.B.Sc thesis forMaster in Building Science. Victoria University <strong>of</strong> Wellington.Princeton (2008): Princeton University Design Standards: 1.1 University FacilitiesOrganization.http://www.princeton.edu/facilities/design_construction/princeton_university_desi/Property Council <strong>of</strong> New Zealand, 2000. Energy consumption benchmarks: An analysis <strong>of</strong> theenergy expenses incurred by New Zealand CBD <strong>of</strong>fice buildings.Sartori, I., and A. G. Hestnes. "Energy Use in the Life Cycle <strong>of</strong> Conventional and Low-Energy <strong>Buildings</strong>: A Review Article " Energy and buildings 39 (2007): 249-57.Skog, K.; Nicholson, G. (1998): Carbon cycling through wood products: The role <strong>of</strong> woodand paper products in carbon sequestration. Forest Products Journal, Vol. 48, No 7/8.Smith, T. (2008). Masters thesis; ‘Hybrid Laminated Veneer Lumbar <strong>Buildings</strong>; Detailing,Feasibility and Constructibility’. Department <strong>of</strong> Civil and Natural ResourcesEngineering, Canterbury University.Smith, T., Pampanin, S., Fragiacomo, M., & Buchanan, A. H. (2008). Design andConstruction <strong>of</strong> Prestressed Timber <strong>Buildings</strong> for Seismic Areas. Proceedings, WorldConference on Timber Engineering, Miyazaki, Japan, June 2008.Standards New Zealand (NZS) 4220, 1982. “Code <strong>of</strong> practice for energy conservation in nonresidentialbuildings”.Structural Engineering International (2008). Volume 18, No. 12.
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Environmental Impacts ofMulti-Store
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ContentsGlossary...................
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6.3.4.3 Maintenance related embodie
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- 9 -GlossaryCO 2 stored - refers t
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- 11 -Chapter 7Chapter 8Chapter 9Ch
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- 13 -An alternative end-of-life sc
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- 15 -designers and a shortage of b
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- 17 -• Ministry for the Environm
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- 19 -which it can be fashioned to
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- 21 -For fire safety, the New Zeal
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- 23 -buildings for low seismic are
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- 25 -4 The Buildings4.1 Constructi
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- 27 -the building. The basement le
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- 29 -4.3.2 Common Design Principle
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- 31 -Figure 4.5: South-west façad
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- 33 -the three longitudinal frames
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- 35 -4.3.5.2 Floor and RoofThe str
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- 37 -4.4 Multi-Storey Timber Build
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- 39 -Several different solutions h
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- 41 -5 Operational Energy5.1 Gener
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- 43 -Table 5.1: Simulation inputs
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- 45 -Table 5.3: Areas of office en
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- 47 -Modifying the design to achie
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- 49 -• Standards New Zealand (NZ
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- 51 -6 Life Cycle Assessment6.1 In
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- 53 -6.2.3.3 Impact AssessmentThe
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- 55 -6.3.2.2 System BoundariesThe
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- 57 -For more information see:http
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- 59 -6.3.3 Inventory Analysis6.3.3
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- 61 -Table 6.2: Net tonnes CO 2 eq
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- 63 -Growing timber takes up CO 2
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- 65 -6.3.4 Impact AssessmentTotal
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- 67 -8000700060005000GWP (t CO2 eq
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- 69 -As explained above, carbon st
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- 71 -Figure 6.10: Total embodied e
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- 73 -Table 6.9: Total GWP of each
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- 75 -8,0007,0006,0005,000GWP (t CO
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- 77 -45000400003500030000GWP (kg C
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- 79 -assumed to be identical for t
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- 81 -6.4.3.2 Green Star Recycling
- Page 83 and 84: - 83 -Table 6.16: Green Star result
- Page 85 and 86: - 85 -The contribution of initial e
- Page 87 and 88: - 87 -results, the reutilisation sc
- Page 89 and 90: - 89 -7.1.1 Platform and Balloon Co
- Page 91 and 92: - 91 -buildings has been analysed a
- Page 93 and 94: - 93 -Figure 7.5: Construction sche
- Page 95 and 96: - 95 -8.2 Source and Availability o
- Page 97 and 98: - 97 -It would be incorrect, howeve
- Page 99 and 100: - 99 -8.5 Additional Opportunities
- Page 101 and 102: - 101 -example, removal of CCA trea
- Page 103 and 104: - 103 -The Waste Minimisation Bill
- Page 105 and 106: - 105 -9 Discussion9.1 The Building
- Page 107 and 108: - 107 -• The buildings tend to be
- Page 109 and 110: - 109 -9.4.3 Data Sets9.4.3.1 Gener
- Page 111 and 112: - 111 -The following assessment wil
- Page 113 and 114: - 113 -Table 9.1. GWP coefficients
- Page 115 and 116: - 115 -Figure 9.2 shows that the ne
- Page 117 and 118: - 117 -placing and retaining materi
- Page 119 and 120: - 119 -Net CO 2 emissions - that is
- Page 121 and 122: - 121 -The LVL specified for the st
- Page 123 and 124: - 123 -10 ConclusionsThe following
- Page 125 and 126: - 125 -building types, instead subs
- Page 127 and 128: - 127 -In summary, reutilisation sh
- Page 129 and 130: - 129 -• What is the ranking of t
- Page 131 and 132: - 131 -• What is the comparison i
- Page 133: - 133 -Connell Wagner (2007): Combu
- Page 137 and 138: - 137 -C O N C R E T E B U I L D I
- Page 139 and 140: - 139 -S T E E L B U I L D I N Gm m
- Page 141 and 142: - 141 -T I M B E R B U I L D I N Gm
- Page 143 and 144: - 143 -T I M B E R B U I L D I N G
- Page 145 and 146: - 145 -T Exterior Wall Cladding 581
- Page 147 and 148: - 147 -Appendix B. Life times of bu
- Page 149 and 150: - 149 -Appendix D: Transport scenar
- Page 154 and 155: - 151 -Appendix F: Warren and Mahon
- Page 156 and 157: Timber Plus ProjectSummary of the T
- Page 158 and 159: Timber Plus ProjectGreen Star Ratin
- Page 160 and 161: Timber Plus ProjectVolatile Organic
- Page 162 and 163: Timber Plus ProjectThe Forest Stewa
- Page 164 and 165: Timber Plus ProjectStain and Clear
- Page 166 and 167: Timber Plus ProjectINTERIOR WALL CL
- Page 168 and 169: Timber Plus ProjectWINDOW REVEALSMa
- Page 170 and 171: Timber Plus ProjectSOFFIT FRAMINGMa
- Page 172 and 173: Timber Plus ProjectEXTERIOR WALL CL
- Page 174 and 175: Timber Plus ProjectAdditional Oppor
- Page 176 and 177: Appendix AResene Expected Paint Sys
- Page 178 and 179: - 152 -Appendix G: Green Star Asses
- Page 180 and 181: New Zealand Forest Research Institu
- Page 182 and 183: Executive SummaryA common building
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1 IntroductionA common building des
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Timber pluso The same assumptions a
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Table 1-1-1: Weightings in Green St
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The science behind LCA is still dev
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In comparison the LCA results have
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All four buildings in this research
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1.4 Further WorkThe difficulty in m