WATER POVERTY IN THE NORTHEASTERN HILL REGION (INDIA)
WATER POVERTY IN THE NORTHEASTERN HILL REGION (INDIA) WATER POVERTY IN THE NORTHEASTERN HILL REGION (INDIA)
WATER POVERTY IN THE NORTHEASTERN HILL REGION (INDIA): POTENTIAL ALLEVIATION THROUGH MULTIPLE-USE WATER SYSTEMSTable 4: A snapshot of village Lampong Sheanghah, Mon district, Nagaland, IndiaMain workers 20.6%Unemployed 18.4%Cultivators 46.7%House hold industries 8.9%Others 44.4%Total households (as on 2005)115 (local tax paying)Households willing to do manual work 115KhelMorungJhum sitesJhum cycle2 (Ching Chun, Ching Kho)1 (Shangle Po)8 (Mankong, Yankhan, Wanma, Khemo, Nyaman, Nyakho,Tanam, Long Nyah.)Year of use: One year; Year of fallow: 7 YearsHouseholds undertaking only Jhum cultivation 114Households doing permanent cultivationNilHousehold doing permanent and Jhum 1Non cultivating householdsLand use: Under terracingUnder horticultureUnder social forestryUnder JhumCrops in JhumNilNilNil600 acre (243 ha)1,000 acre (405 ha)Paddy, millets, banana, orange, maize, yam, ginger, king-chilly,pumpkin, cucumber, bean, jackfruitare of the view that a bigger family size is always better. The sex ratio at Lampong Sheanghah villageis 115.24 with a total of 378 males and 328 females . The village has only one dispensary, that toonon-functional. A lady compounder is present in the village, but for all practical purposes, the sickhave to be taken to Mon town, Asom, Dimapur or Kohima. Due to this dismal condition of healthservices in the village, the prevalence of diseases is very high (Fig. 4). Several of these diseases arewater borne and reflect the state of water poverty. The child mortality rate in the village is also veryhigh. The absence of health services is evident from the fact that a majority of the villagers attributethe death of their children to ‘evil spirits’. Malnourishment is also highly prevalent in the village witha majority of the children being underweight. This reflects the non-availability of pulses, vegetablesand other sources of nutrition in the daily intake.All the households in the village have some sanitation facilities within their household premises. Thisreality is due to the efforts taken by the church and the NGO- World Vision which is operational in the16
WATER POVERTY IN THE NORTHEASTERN HILL REGION (INDIA): POTENTIAL ALLEVIATION THROUGH MULTIPLE-USE WATER SYSTEMSPrevalence of diseases in Lempong Sheanghah villageMalaria32%No Diseases56 %Tuberculosis5 %Water Borne Diseases7 %Figure 4: Number of households with sick members in the Lampong Sheanghah village.(Source: Household survey by the authors)village. The NGO also conducts regular health camps in the village to raise awareness regarding varioushealth issues in the area.3.4.4. EducationThe illiteracy level (adults over the age of 15 who have never been to school) in the village is 30% (Fig.5). There are only two schools in the village, one government run and the other run by Mr. Wango- aphilanthropist in the village. The government school has classes only up to standard 5 and the privateschool has classes up to standard 8. The importance of literacy is slowly catching up in the village andalmost all children of school going age are sent to schools.3.5. AgricultureRainfed Agriculture is the main livelihood activity of the people of Lampong Sheanghah. The majorcrops grown in the village are paddy, maize, millets and other vegetables. All the households in thevillage mainly follow Jhum or shifting cultivation. Since all the agricultural land in the village ispredominantly on hill slopes and follows practices of Jhum cultivation, the productivity of the land isrelatively very low compared to other parts of the country. Improved agricultural practices like terracecultivation, use of fertilisers and pesticides, ploughing, use of farm implements and irrigation are not17
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<strong>WATER</strong> <strong>POVERTY</strong> <strong>IN</strong> <strong>THE</strong> NOR<strong>THE</strong>ASTERN <strong>HILL</strong> <strong>REGION</strong> (<strong>IN</strong>DIA): POTENTIAL ALLEVIATION THROUGH MULTIPLE-USE <strong>WATER</strong> SYSTEMSTable 4: A snapshot of village Lampong Sheanghah, Mon district, Nagaland, IndiaMain workers 20.6%Unemployed 18.4%Cultivators 46.7%House hold industries 8.9%Others 44.4%Total households (as on 2005)115 (local tax paying)Households willing to do manual work 115KhelMorungJhum sitesJhum cycle2 (Ching Chun, Ching Kho)1 (Shangle Po)8 (Mankong, Yankhan, Wanma, Khemo, Nyaman, Nyakho,Tanam, Long Nyah.)Year of use: One year; Year of fallow: 7 YearsHouseholds undertaking only Jhum cultivation 114Households doing permanent cultivationNilHousehold doing permanent and Jhum 1Non cultivating householdsLand use: Under terracingUnder horticultureUnder social forestryUnder JhumCrops in JhumNilNilNil600 acre (243 ha)1,000 acre (405 ha)Paddy, millets, banana, orange, maize, yam, ginger, king-chilly,pumpkin, cucumber, bean, jackfruitare of the view that a bigger family size is always better. The sex ratio at Lampong Sheanghah villageis 115.24 with a total of 378 males and 328 females . The village has only one dispensary, that toonon-functional. A lady compounder is present in the village, but for all practical purposes, the sickhave to be taken to Mon town, Asom, Dimapur or Kohima. Due to this dismal condition of healthservices in the village, the prevalence of diseases is very high (Fig. 4). Several of these diseases arewater borne and reflect the state of water poverty. The child mortality rate in the village is also veryhigh. The absence of health services is evident from the fact that a majority of the villagers attributethe death of their children to ‘evil spirits’. Malnourishment is also highly prevalent in the village witha majority of the children being underweight. This reflects the non-availability of pulses, vegetablesand other sources of nutrition in the daily intake.All the households in the village have some sanitation facilities within their household premises. Thisreality is due to the efforts taken by the church and the NGO- World Vision which is operational in the16
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