NAMES, PEDIGREES, ORIGINS, AND ADAPTATION - IBSA

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of the crosses, both of Indian and foreign origin, have yielded cultivars whichare not only adapted to Indian conditions but also show wide adaptability acrosscountries (Table 9).Various terms have been used in the literature to describe the height ofshort-strawed wheats: single (one-gene), double gene (two-gene), triple gene(three-gene), single dwarf, double dwarf, and triple dwarf. In this compilation,however, the terms "one- gene dwarf" and "two-gene dwarf" have been usedto describe semi-dwarfand dwarfwheats respectively. As all the short-strawedwheat cultivars referred to carry the Norin 10 dwarfing genes Rhtl and/or Rht2,semidwarf height in bread wheat is characterized by either Rhtl or Rht2 andin durum wheats by Rht1. Dwarf height of bread wheats, on the other hand, isdue to the presence ofboth Rhtl and, Rht2. In recent years, dwarfing genes havebeen identified in several wheat cultivars (Nelson, Dubin, and Rajaram, 1980;Gale, Marshall, and Rao, 1981; Singh et at., 1989; and Jain, unpublished) andinformation on the same,wherever available, has been incorporated.Foreign wheat cultivars and elite germplasm that have proved successful eitheras direct introductions or as breeding parents in Indian wheat programme aregiven in Tables 6, 8, and 11. Similar information on Indian land races, elitegermplasm and finished products that have proved successful in foreign countriesis provided in Tables 7 and 12. This information is based on Macindoe andBrown (1968), Dalrymple (1978,1986), Zeven and Zeven-Hissink(l976), Villarealet at. (1985), Zeven and Reiner (1991), AICWIP and CIMMYT records. Manymore such cultivars, however, may have remained unnoticed. Indian germplasmthat has been successfully used in developing Indian wheats is listed inTable 10.Pedigrees of the cultivars, in various tables, are presented following the formadopted by CIMMYT. The name of breeding parent in the cross, as far aspossible, refers to cultivar name or its synonym. Code/number of advanced linehas been used only for widely documented international lines, and otherbreeding lines whose pedigree was either not available or was very long.Cultivars whose original pedigrees have either been modified or expanded aregiven in Table 13. For some cultivars and lines, more than one pedigree isreported in the literature. In a majority of such cases, the pedigree given inthe official list of cultivars has been retained. In a few cases, the one thatappeared correct on the basis ofliterature and other information has been used.Alternative versions of-such pedigrees, however, are presented in Table 14.The abbreviations used for cultivars and lines are the ones given in WheatCultivarAbbreviations (Skovmand, 1994). Wheats for which abbreviations hadnot yet been assigned were given abbreviations following the receBt nomenclatureand the procedure developed at CIMMYT. Since pedigrees ofmany foreignwheats are not easily accessible, the abbreviations used for various cultivarsand lines have been explained in Tables 15 and 16 so that researchers can trace3
the ancestry of cultivars to atleast three generations. Pedigrees of wheatcultivars and lines can be easily located through the index of cultivar/lineabbreviations given in Tables 22 and 23.The sequence of crosses in each pedigree is presented by the system of slashes,as used by CIMMYT and several other wheat-breeding organizations. The tablebelow compares the old and the present systems. A question mark ("?")indicates cases in which the cross sequence is not clear.Order ofCrosses123456n?BackcrossSymbol inOld SystemxI( )[ ]Key BracketMultiple Key BracketSequence not knownSuperscriptSymbol inNew SystemIII131141151161Inl/?I*Thus, if parent A is crossed with parent B and the F 1 hybrid is crossed withparent C , its pedigree would be designated as AlBIIC. Subsequent crosses withparental material D, E, F and G would be indicated as:AlBIIC/3/D/4/E/5/F/6/GThe female parent is designated by listing it first (to the left side) followed bythe pollen parent (placed to the right side of the cross). Thus, A is the femaleand B is the pollen parent in the first cross. The line AlB is the female and Cis the pollen parent in cross two, etc.Backcrosses are designated with an asterisk(*) and a number which indicatesthe dosage ofthe recurrent parent. The asterisk and the number are placed nextto the crossing symbol that divides the recurrent and donor parents. Thefollowing are examples involving one backcross (two doses):ExampleA is the recurrent parent:B is the recurrent parent:AlB-is the recurrent parent:C/D is the recurrent parent:NotationA*2/BB/2*BAlB*21IC/DAlBI12*C/DThe selection history is available for some cultivars, especially those ofCIMMYTorigin, and this information has been included. The procedure adopted by4
Page 2 and 3: Dedicated to the Memories ofDR. B.P
Page 4 and 5: FOREWORDIndia has a long history of
Page 6 and 7: CONTENrSForwordAcknowledgementsIntr
Page 8 and 9: INTRODUCTIONA wide array of improve
Page 12 and 13: CIMMYT to describe selection histor
Page 14 and 15: Table 1. Bread wheat varieties sele
Page 16 and 17: Table 1: ContinuedYEARICULTIVAR ABB
Page 21: Table 3: ContinuedRECOMMENDED FORHE
Page 30 and 31: Table 5: Components,of multilines r
Page 34 and 35: Table 8:Bread and durum wheat culti
Page 36 and 37: Table 9 :Crosses of Indian and fore
Page 38 and 39: Table 9 : ContinuedINDIANCULTIVARCU
Page 40 and 41: Table 10 :ContinuedHE:IGHT**ADVANCE
Page 42 and 43: Table 11: ContinuedNAME /INDIANCROS
Page 44 and 45: Table 12: Indian- germplasm- based
Page 46 and 47: Table 12: ContinuedCULTIVAR ABBR. P
Page 48 and 49: Table 13: ContinuedNAME EXPANDED/ C
Page 50 and 51: Table 14: Wheat cultivars and lines
Page 52 and 53: Table 15: ContinuedABBR. CULTIVAR/A
Page 54 and 55: Table 15: ContiuedABBR. CULTIVAR/AD
Page 56 and 57: Table 16: Abbreviations used forexp
Page 58 and 59: Table 18 : Explanation of codes use
Page 60 and 61:
Table 19: ContinuedINSTITUTIONIORGA
Page 62 and 63:
Table 21 : Codes, prefixes, symbols
Page 64 and 65:
Table 22: ContinuedCULTIVAR/LINE/SY
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
-- ~~Table 22: ContinuedCULTIVAR/LI
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Table 23: Index of pedigrees of dur
Page 74:
DIRECTORATE OF WHEAT RESEARCHProjec
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