Rebecca Shapiro Thesis (11 May 2011).pdf - Brandeis Institutional ...
Rebecca Shapiro Thesis (11 May 2011).pdf - Brandeis Institutional ... Rebecca Shapiro Thesis (11 May 2011).pdf - Brandeis Institutional ...
as President, the Segan Rishon and Segan Sheni served as the first and second vicepresidents, the Sopher held the position of corresponding secretary, the Ro'EhCheshbonoth was the financial secretary, the Gizbar served as the treasurer and theShomer Hasaph as the sergeant of arms. German Jewish students discomforted by theword's resemblance to 'Nazi' removed the title of Nasi in the 1930's. 67 Their advisory andexecutive system was named the Beth Din, named for the Rabbinical Court. Theirmission, according to the fraternity’s first charter, 'was to "promote the cause of Zionismand the welfare of Jews in General; and to unite fraternally all collegiate Zionists of theUnited States and Canada." 68Proud of their Jewish Heritage, ZBT brothers stated, "I ama believer in God and the Brotherhood of Man; and I am a Jew" in initiation rituals untilthey were legally forced to remove the phrase in 1954. 69Phi Epsilon Pi, established by a group of seven friends at City College in 1904 asa nonsectarian fraternity similar to Pi Lamda Phi. 70 The fraternity originally chosesymbols of the three monotheistic religions to serve as their crest, showing a cross, acrescent and a star. The star, unlike the Star of David, however only contained fivepoints as opposed to the usual six. 71 The fraternity often competed with ZBT as it oftendrew members from the same pools, that is upper-middle class Germans affiliated withthe Reform movement. 72Despite its best recruitment efforts, the fraternity failed torecruit a large Gentile contingency. 73 The members later compromised and decided to67 Sanua, Here's To Our Fraternity, 5668 Sanua, Here's To Our Fraternity, 1269 Sanua, 5670 Sanua, 6071 Sanua, 6272 Sanua, 6273 Sanua, 6217
maintain a nonsectarian constitution but allow only Jewish members. 74 Maintaining itsnonsectarian status allowed them to bypass the anti-Semitic barriers raised by collegepresidents and administrators attempting to prevent an influx of Jewish students to theircollege campuses. 75 Yet, college administrators grew skeptical of a nonsectarianfraternity comprised entirely of Jewish members.Next, came Sigma Alpha Mu (∑AM), known as Sammy. Founded at CityCollege of New York in 1909, ∑AM attracted a new population of Jews to the Greeksystem. As opposed to the upper-class Reform German Jews attracted by Phi Epsilon Piand ZBT, ∑AM attracted most the upward-bound children or grand children of EasternEuropean, Yiddish speaking Jews from the Lower East Side. 76 The group originallyplanned to call themselves the "Cosmic Fraternal Order" and to use Hindu letters ratherthan Greek to represent themselves. They chose the Octagon to serve as their symbol asit represented the eight men present at their first meeting. In keeping with their symboliceight, they named their governing council "the Octagon" and their publication theOctagonian. 77While the Fraternity was accepted by the administration, the student body farfrom accepted their organization. At City College, the location of their founding, orAlpha, chapter, stood a row of benches used by student groups and fraternities during thelunch house. Members of ∑AM described "many a dirty look and worse comment" thatthey received when they attempted to seize their own bench. 78 Several years later, whenthe benches were removed, ∑AM arranged to have their meeting bench removed from74 Sanua, 4875 Sanua, 6276 Sanua, 6977 Sanua, 7078 Sanua, 7118
- Page 1 and 2: The Untapped Potential of Jewis
- Page 3 and 4: Jewish network, which brought Jewis
- Page 5 and 6: their interest in my research, and
- Page 7 and 8: Table of ContentsAcknowledgements..
- Page 9 and 10: The “future” section uses curre
- Page 11 and 12: Organizations provided them with a
- Page 13 and 14: organizations. Like ΦΒΚ, many fr
- Page 15 and 16: fraternities to close. Despite the
- Page 17 and 18: criticism progressed, the four wome
- Page 19 and 20: themselves and in official document
- Page 21 and 22: accepting fraternities included Phi
- Page 23: Fraternities noted "undergraduates
- Page 27 and 28: C. Moskowitz, played basketball for
- Page 29 and 30: Ida Bienstock Landau, Minna Goldsmi
- Page 31 and 32: universities, less formally educate
- Page 33 and 34: The Jewish Greeks stood at the fore
- Page 35 and 36: and sororities. The Council however
- Page 37 and 38: Other fraternities engaged in the m
- Page 39 and 40: purposes of the College Fraternity,
- Page 41 and 42: Board meeting in which Alpha Epsilo
- Page 43 and 44: served in the Canadian forces. 129
- Page 45 and 46: eleven pounds of cakes, cookies, pr
- Page 47 and 48: This act, better known as the GI Bi
- Page 49 and 50: families in their own homes or care
- Page 51 and 52: living. Another argued "There are m
- Page 53 and 54: PresentPresently, the following org
- Page 55 and 56: Responding to the absence of Jewish
- Page 57 and 58: Tikkun Olam. Rabbi Isaac Luria saw
- Page 59 and 60: always be within fifteen feet of a
- Page 61 and 62: AEPI has made Jewish philanthropy a
- Page 63 and 64: cultivating a lifelong commitment t
- Page 65 and 66: ainchild of AEPI that is now run by
- Page 67 and 68: Conference (Maccabi is an affiliate
- Page 69 and 70: eferring to itself as a Jewish frat
- Page 71 and 72: Executive Vice President of America
- Page 73 and 74: Jewish fraternity. These three frat
maintain a nonsectarian constitution but allow only Jewish members. 74 Maintaining itsnonsectarian status allowed them to bypass the anti-Semitic barriers raised by collegepresidents and administrators attempting to prevent an influx of Jewish students to theircollege campuses. 75 Yet, college administrators grew skeptical of a nonsectarianfraternity comprised entirely of Jewish members.Next, came Sigma Alpha Mu (∑AM), known as Sammy. Founded at CityCollege of New York in 1909, ∑AM attracted a new population of Jews to the Greeksystem. As opposed to the upper-class Reform German Jews attracted by Phi Epsilon Piand ZBT, ∑AM attracted most the upward-bound children or grand children of EasternEuropean, Yiddish speaking Jews from the Lower East Side. 76 The group originallyplanned to call themselves the "Cosmic Fraternal Order" and to use Hindu letters ratherthan Greek to represent themselves. They chose the Octagon to serve as their symbol asit represented the eight men present at their first meeting. In keeping with their symboliceight, they named their governing council "the Octagon" and their publication theOctagonian. 77While the Fraternity was accepted by the administration, the student body farfrom accepted their organization. At City College, the location of their founding, orAlpha, chapter, stood a row of benches used by student groups and fraternities during thelunch house. Members of ∑AM described "many a dirty look and worse comment" thatthey received when they attempted to seize their own bench. 78 Several years later, whenthe benches were removed, ∑AM arranged to have their meeting bench removed from74 Sanua, 4875 Sanua, 6276 Sanua, 6977 Sanua, 7078 Sanua, 7<strong>11</strong>8
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