Rebecca Shapiro Thesis (11 May 2011).pdf - Brandeis Institutional ...

at the University of Vienna. 54 He left the fraternity in March 1883, when his fraternitysponsored a memorial for Richard Wagner and supported his anti-Semitic views. 55 Laterthat year three Jewish students came together and founded a Jewish fraternity and duelingsociety at the University of Vienna, named Kadima. The founders of Kadima establishedtheir organization to fight antisemitism, raise national Jewish consciousnesses, resistassimilation, and work for the colonization of then Palestine. 56As a dueling fraternity,they defended their Jewish honor by dueling anti-Semites. Zeta Beta Tau fraternity, thefirst officially Jewish fraternity in America cited Kadima as the inspiration for theirfraternity. 57Jewish fraternities first established themselves in American in the late 19 thcentury. These fraternities pre-dated the menorah society and Hillel system establishedin 1906 and 1923 respectively. The first fraternity founded by Jewish men, Pi Lamda Phi(ΠΛΦ), was established at Yale in 1895. 58Sickened by the religious discrimination inthe traditional fraternities, the founders of ΠΛΦ founded the fraternity as nonsectarianand open membership to students of all faiths. 59Founders Henry Mark Fisher, LouisSamter Levy, and Fredrick Manfred Werner vowed to create a broader and more liberalorganization that saw potential members for their "ability above all considerations." 60The fraternity emerged again in 1912 at Columbia University, and rumors falsely spreadthat the three original founders were as the Baird's Manual of American College54 Sanua, 3255 Sanua, 3256 Marianne Sanua, Here's to Our Fraternity,: One Hundred Years of Zeta Beta Tau, 1898-1998 ([S.l.]:Zeta Beta Tau, 1999), 7.57 Sanua, 3258 Sanua, 4759 Sanua, 4760 Sanua, 4915