VHP MANUAL.pmd

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Wofg lbg'kg] { s'/f• vfgf vfPkl5 / a]n'sf ;'Tg'cl3 ;wF } bfFt dfem\g] afgL a;fnf} + .• df6f] jf c+uf/n] bfFt gdfemf} + .• lbgx' F g'xfpg] afgL a;fnf} + .• ;w} ;kmf;'lsnf] sk8f nufpF .• vfnL v'§f glxF8f} +, h'QfrKkn nufP/ dfq lxF8\g] afgL a;fnf} + .gf]6M ufpF3/df s]lx o:tf /fd|f rng 5g\ h;sf] l;sf] ubf{ /f]uaf6 aRg;lsG5, h:t}M a|fxd0f ;d'bfodf b}lgs g'xfpg] / n'uf km]g] { Hofb} /fd|f]rng xf] . o;f] ugf{n] z/L/ b'u{G3 x' Fb}g / /f]uaf6 aFRg ;lsG5 .3/fo;L ;/;kmfOcfˆgf] 3/cfFug / 3/ jl/kl/ ul/g] ;/;kmfOnfO{ 3/fo;L ;/;kmfOelgG5 . o;cGtu{t 3/ lnKg], efG;f sf]7f ;kmf ug] {, ;'Tg] sf]7f tyfla5fF }gf ;kmf /fVg] / cfFug ;kmf /fVg] cflb sfo{x¿ kb{5g\ .;Demg'kg] { s'/f• 3/cfFug kmf]x/ ePdf kmf]x/n] /f]u lgDTofpF5 .• 3/cfFug jl/kl/ kmf]x/ ePdf 3/sf] zf]ef 36\b5 .• 3/ ;kmf /fVgfn] 3/sf] zf]ef / OHht a9\5 .• 3/fo;L ;/;kmfOn] kmf]x/af6 nfUg] /f]uaf6 aRg ;lsG5 .vfgf tyf kfgL 5f]k]sf]ufu|L ;kmf ub} {u|fdL)f :jf:Yo k|a${s -eLPrkL_ ;xof]uL k'l:tsf 13

kL{ ;kmf ub} { r'Nxf] lnKb}cfFug ;kmf ub} {3fddf n'uf ;'sfpFb}14u|fdL)f :jf:Yo k|a${s -eLPrkL_ ;xof]uL k'l:tsf

Wofg lbg'kg] { s'/f• 3/leq / cfFug jl/kl/ ;kmf /fVg], 3/ lnKg], efG;f sf]7f tyf;'Tg] sf]7f ;kmf /fVg] .• efF8f dfem\g] 7fpF -h'7\ofg_ ;kmf /fVg], v]/ uPsf] kfgLnfO{gfnL agfO s/];faf/Ldf k|of]u ug] { .• ;8]/ hfg] / g;8g] kmf]x/ 5'§fO{ kmf]x/ vf8n jf sG6]g/df /fVg] .• ufO{a:t'sf] dnd"qnfO{ dnvf8n agfO Jojl:yt ug] { .• rkL{df dfq lb;flk;fa ug] { / rkL{ ;wF } ;kmf /fVg],• efF8fs'F8f n'ufkmf6f tyf cGo ;fdfgnfO{ pko'Qm :yfgdfldnfP/ /fVg] .• n'ufkmf6f 3fddf ;'sfpgfn] uGw cfpFb}g / sL6f0f' d5{ .gf]6M ufpF3/df cfnf] uf]a/n] 3/ lnKg] rng /fd|f] xf] lsgls cfnf]uf]a/df sL6f0f'x¿ dfg] { zlQm x'G5 .jftfj/0fLo ;/;kmfOjftfj/0fLo ;/;kmfO eGgfn] af6f]3f6f], 6f]nl5d]s, / vfg]kfgLsf] d'xfgjl/kl/sf] ;/;kmfOnfO{ a'emfpF5 .;Demg'kg] { s'/fo;cGtu{t ;fj{hlgs:yn h:t} af6f]3f6f] ;kmf ug] {, kfgLsf] d'xfg;kmf/fVg], emf8L ;kmf ug] {, :jf:Yorf}sL, ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt ejg/ ljBfnodf rkL{ agfpg] cflb sfo{ kb{5g\ .u|fdL)f :jf:Yo k|a${s -eLPrkL_ ;xof]uL k'l:tsf 15

Wofg lbg'kg] { s'/f• af6f]3f6f] ;kmf /fVg], emf8L kmfF8\g] . vfN8fv'N8L k'g] { .• ;8]/ hfg] tyf g;8\g] kmf]x/nfO{ cnucnu ;fj{hlgs kmf]x/vf8ndf jf sG6]g/df /fVg] .• v]/ uPsf] kfgLnfO{ gfnL agfO{ lgsf; lbg], kfgL hDg glbg],ufpF jl/kl/ /x]sf] kf]v/L ;kmf /fVg] .• vfg]kfgL wf/f jl/kl/ ;kmf /fVg] kfgLsf] d'xfg ;kmf /fVg] /af6f] jl/kl/ lb;flk;fa gug] { .;/;kmfO;DaGwL dxTjk"0f{ s'/f• xft w' Fbf ;fa'g kfgLn] w'g'k5{ .• v'nf :yfgdf lb;f lk;fa ug' {xF 'b}g .• rkL{df dfq lb;f lk;fa ug' {kb{5 .• vfg]s'/f / lkpg] kfgLnfO{ ;wF } /fd|/L 5f]k]/÷9fs]/ /fVg'k5{ .• 3/cfFug ;kmf u/L kmf]x/d}nfnfO{ plrt lsl;dn] tx nufpg' k5{ .• ;fu;AhL, kmnk"mn cflb sfFr} vfg' jf ksfpg'cl3 ;kmf;FukvfNg'k5{ .16u|fdL)f :jf:Yo k|a${s -eLPrkL_ ;xof]uL k'l:tsf

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kmf]x/ xft;Demg'kg] { s'/f• xft z/L/sf] o:tf] c+u xf] h'g x/]s sfdsf nflu klxn] cl3;5{ / xft kmf]x/ x'g] ;Defjgf a9L x'G5 .• xfdL xftn] vfgf vfg] / vfgf v'jfpg] ub{5f} + .• lb;f ul/;s]kl5 ;fa'g kfgLn] xft gw'gfn], df6f]n] xft w'gfn] ],nfdf gª kfNgfn] / xft gwf]Osg vfgf vfg] jf v'jfpgfn]lb;fsf] sf/0faf6 nfUg] /f]u nfUb5 .{ lb;f ub}lb;f k'5\b} lb;f k'5]sf] xftn] vfgfv'jfpFb}kmf]x/ xftn] v'jfPsf] vfgfn] emf8fkvfnf nfu]sf]Wofg lbg'kg] { s'/f• kmf]x/ xftn] vfgf gvfg], gv'jfpg] .• vfgf vfg' / v'jfpg'cl3 ;fa'g kfgLn] xft w'g] .18u|fdL)f :jf:Yo k|a${s -eLPrkL_ ;xof]uL k'l:tsf

kmf]x/ kfgL;Demg' kg] { s'/fkfgLsf] d'xfg jl/kl/ lb;flk;fa u/]df, ufO{j:t'n] kfgLsf] d'xfg kmf]x/u/]df, lb;flk;fa ldl;Psf] 9n km'6]/ vfg]kfgLdf ldl;Pdf kfgL kmf]x/x'G5 . kmf]x/ kfgL lkpgfn] /f]u nfUb5 .kfgLsf] d'xfgdf lb;f ub}{ToxL d'xfgsf] kfgL eb} {kmf]x/ d'xfgsf] kfgL lkpFb}Wofg lbg' kg] { s'/fkmf]x/ kfgL lkpgfn] la/fdL k/]sf]• kfgLsf] d'xfg jl/kl/ lb;flk;fa gug] { / j:t'efp k:g g;Sg]u/L d'xfg ;+/If0f ug] { .• kfgLnfO{ z'4L s/0f u/]/ vfg] .u|fdL)f :jf:Yo k|a${s -eLPrkL_ ;xof]uL k'l:tsf 19

kmf]x/ ;fu;AhL;Demg'kg] { s'/f;fu;AhLaf/L jf s/];faf/Ldf lb;flk;fa ugf{n] / ;fu;AhL /fd|f];Fugwf]O{sg vfgfn] klg ck|ToIf ?kdf lb;f d'vdf kb{5 .s/];faf/Ldf lb;f ub} { ToxL af/Lsf] d"nf gkvfnL vfFb}d"nf gkvfnL vfgfn] la/fdL k/]sf]Wofg lbg'kg] { s'/f• sfFr} ;fu;AhL Hf:t}M d"nf, ufh/ sfFqmf] cflb Vffg'cl3 /fd|f];Fuwf]P/ kvfn]/ vfg' kb{5 .• s/];faf/Ldf lb;flk;fa ug' { x' Fb}g .• rkL{ agfO{ lb;flk;fa u/]df ;fu;AhL kmf]x/ x'g kfpFb}g .20u|fdL)f :jf:Yo k|a${s -eLPrkL_ ;xof]uL k'l:tsf

kz'k+IfL;Demg'kg] { s'/f• 3/kfn'jf kz'k+IfLx¿ h:t} s's'/, xfF;, s'v'/f, ;+F'u'/ cflbsf]dfWodaf6 lb;f d'vdf kb{5 .• 3/kfn'jf kz'k+IfLx¿n] vfg]s'/f / efF8f h'7f] kfg{ ;Sb5g\ .• oL kz'k+IfLn] dflg;sf] lb;f vfg] x'gfn] logLx¿n] h'7f] kf/]sf]efF8f]df jf h'7f] kf/]sf] vfg]s'/f dflg;n] vfgfn] lb;fsf] sf/0faf6nfUg] /f]u nfUb5 .• h'7f efF8fx¿ aflx/ /fVgfn] klg kz'k+IfLn] h'7f] kfg] { ;Defjgf a9L x'G5 .v'Nnf 7fp|Fdf lb;f ub}{s's'/n] lb;f vfFb}s's'/n] aRrfsf] vfgf h'7f] kf/]sf]Wofg lbg'kg] { s'/fs's'/n] h'7f] kf/]sf] vfgf vfgfn] aRrfla/fdL k/]sf]• vfg]s'/fx¿ 3/kfn'jf kz'k+IfLx¿af6 6f9f / 5f]k]/ ÷9fs]/ /fVg] .• 3/kfn'jf kz'k+IfLx¿ afFw]/ jf vf]/leq /fVg] .u|fdL)f :jf:Yo k|a${s -eLPrkL_ ;xof]uL k'l:tsf 21

lem+uf;Demg'kg] { s'/f• lem+uf kmf]xf]/df /dfpg] sL/f xf] .• lem+ufsf] v'§f 8f]sf] h:t} cfsf/sf] x'G5 . o;n] v'§fdf lb;faf]s]/ n}hfg ;S5 / lb;f dflg;n] vfg] vfgfdf 5f8\g;S5 .• o;/L lem+ufsf] dfWodaf6 dflg;n] ck|ToIf ?kdf lb;f vfg;S5 .v'Nnf 7fpFdf lb;f ub}{lb;f jl/kl/ lem+uf eGs]sf]lem+uf eGs]sf] vfgf vfFb} lem+uf eGs]sf] vfgf vfgfn] emf8fkvfnf nfu]sf]Wofg lbg'kg] { s'/f+{{• vfg]s'/f ;w} 5f]k]/ /fVg] .• v'nf ¿kdf lb;flk;fa gug] .• rkL{df dfq lb;flk;fa ug] .• lem+uf a;]sf] vfg]s'/f gvfg] .22u|fdL)f :jf:Yo k|a${s -eLPrkL_ ;xof]uL k'l:tsf

d'vdf ck|ToIf ¿kdf lb;f k/]/ nfUg] /f]ux¿sf]/f]syfdsf & pkfo• vfgf vfg' jf v'jfpg'cl3, ksfpg'cl3, lb;flk;fa u/]kl5, aRrfsf]lb;f wf]Pkl5, kmf]x/ s'/f 5f]Pkl5 ;fa'g kfgLn] xft w'g] .• vfg]kfgLsf] wf/f, Ogf/, kfgL hDdf ug] { 6\ofÍL, kfgL /fVg] efF8f /kfgLsf] d'xfg ;kmf /fVg] .• sfFr} vfg] ;fu;AhL h:t}M d"nf ufh/ sfFqmf] tyf kmnkm"nx¿ ;kmfkfgLn] /fd|f];Fu wf]O{kvfnL dfq vfg] .• v'nf ?kdf lb;flk;fa gug] { .• lem+uf a;]sf] vfg]s'/f gvfg] .• af;L vfgf tyf ;8]un]sf kmnkm"n gvfg] .• 3/kfn'jf kz'k+IfLx¿nfO{ v'nf g5f8\g] .u|fdL)f :jf:Yo k|a${s -eLPrkL_ ;xof]uL k'l:tsf 23

kf7$emf8f kvfnf;fdfGotof Pslbgdf cyf{t\ @$ 306fleq # k6s jf ;f]eGbf a9Lnuftf/ kftnf] lb;f cfPdf emf8fkvfnf nfu]sf] a'lemG5 .kmf]x/ kfgL n}hfFb}wf/f] af/]/ kfgL ;'/lIft u/]sf]ToxL kmf]x/ kfgL lkpFb};kmf kfgL lkpFb}kmf]x/ kfgL lkP/ emf8fkvfnf nfu]sf]:j:y aRrf24u|fdL)f :jf:Yo k|a${s -eLPrkL_ ;xof]uL k'l:tsf

];Demg'kg] { s'/femf8fkvfnf nfUg] sf/0f• af;L jf ;8]un]sf vfgf vfgfn], kmf]x/ 5f]Pkl5 ;fa'g kfgLn]/fd|f];Fu xft gwf]Osg vfgf vfgfn] .• sfFr} vfg] ;fu;AhL h:t}M ufh/, d"nf, sfFqmf] tyf kmnkm"ncflb /fd|f];Fu gwf]Osg vfgfn], kmf]x/kfgL lkpgfn] / lem+ufa;]sf] vfg]s'/f vfgfn] emf8fkvfnf nfUb5 .hnljof]hgemf8fkvfnf nfUbf z/L/af6 kfgL, g'g / zlQma4{s tTjx¿ v]/ hfG5g\/ z/L/ sdhf]/ x'G5 . o:tf] cj:yfnfO{ hnljof]hg ePsf] a'lemG5 .hnljof]hg x'g' eg]sf] z/L/sf nflu vt/f lgDTofpg' xf] .hnljof]hgsf nIf0fx¿aRrf emsf] { dfg]sf]aRrf tLvf{Psf]k]6sf] 5fnf tfGbf 5fnf dfly cfPsf]aRrfsf] tfn' wl;Psf]u|fdL)f :jf:Yo k|a${s -eLPrkL_ ;xof]uL k'l:tsf 25

• la/fdL lem+lemg], emls{g], cfFvf ufl8g], aRrfsf] tfn' wl;g], w]/}tLvf{ nfUg], cfF ]7d'v ;'Sg] .• k]6sf] 5fnf tGsg], tGs]/ km]l/ ;fdfGo cj:yfdf gcfpg] cyf{t\tGs]s} cj:yfdf /xg] / lk;fa kf]Ng] cflb x'g\ .Wofg lbg'kg] { s'/f• emf8fkvfnf nfu]sf] la/fdLnfO{ k|z:t dfqfdf emf]lnnf] kbfy{-eftsf] df8, bfn jf u]8fu'8Lsf] /; / b"w vfg] aRrf ePcfdfsf] b"w_ v'jfpg] .• emf8fkvfnf nfu]/ hlt k6s lb;f nfU5 Tolt k6s k'gh{nLoemf]n v'jfpg] .• hnljof]hgsf] nIf0f b]lvPdf hlt;Sbf] l56f] 8fS6/ sxfF n}hfg] .k'gh{nLo pkrf/emf8fkvfnf nfUbf zl//df ePsf] g'g, rLgL / kfgLsf] dfqf v]/ uO{hnljof]hg x'g] vt/f x'G5 / d[To';Dd x'g';S5 . o:tf] cj:yfaf6hf]lug jf hf]ufpgsf nflu o:tf tTj k"/f ug{ emf]lnnf] kbfy{ jf cf}ifwLkfgL v'jfpg] k|lqmof of pkrf/ ljlwnfO{ k'gh{nLo pkrf/ elgG5 .;Demg'kg] { s'/f• emf8fkvfnf nfu]sf] a]nf Kjfn k/]sf] ufu|f]af6 kfgL r'lxPem+ }dflg;sf] z/L/af6 kfgL v]/ uO{ kfgL 36\g yfNb5 . o:tf]a]nf kof{Kt dfqfdf emf]lnnf] kbfy{ h:t} eftsf] df8, bfn jft/sf/Lsf] /; / k'gh{nLo emf]n v'jfpg' kb{5 .26u|fdL)f :jf:Yo k|a${s -eLPrkL_ ;xof]uL k'l:tsf

k'gh{nLo pkrf/ ljlwKjfn k/]sf] ufu|Laf6 kfgL r'lxFb}emf8f kvfnf nfu]sf]kfgL r'lxP klg kfgL el//xFbfufu|f]sf] kfgL h:tfsf] t:t}emf8f kvfnf nfu]sf] aRrfnfO{k"gh{nLo emf]n v'jfpFb}kfgL el/Psf] ufu|Lk'gh{nLo emf]n v'jfPkl5 :j:y aRrfu|fdL)f :jf:Yo k|a${s -eLPrkL_ ;xof]uL k'l:tsf 27

Wofg lbg'kg] { s'/femf8fkvfnf nfu]df• cfdfsf] b"w vfg] aRrfnfO{ b"w v'jfO{ /fVg] .• la/fdLnfO{ { cl3 kl5eGbf a9L emf]lnnf] kbfy{ h:t}M eftsf]df8, t/sf/Lsf] /;, bfnsf] /; k|z:t v'jfpg] .• hlt k6s kvfnf nfU5 Toltg} k6s k'gh{nLo emf]n v'jfpg] .k'gh{nLo emf]n agfpgsf nflu cf}iflw h:t}M hLjghn,gjhLjg, hLjgan, On]S6«f] ]ljog cflb k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .emf8fkvfnf nfUgaf6 aRg] * dxTjk"0f{ s'/fx¿• kfgL pdfn]/ lkmN6/ u/]/ jf lgd{nLs/0f u/]/ dfq vfg] .• vfg]kfgLsf] wf/f / d'xfg jl/kl/ ;kmf /fVg] .• ;8]un]sf] jf af;L vfg]s'/f gvfg] .• kfgL /fVg] efF8fsf] leqaflx/ /fd|f];Fu w'g] .• vfgf vfg'cl3, vfgf ksfpg'cl3, lb;flk;fa uO{ ;s]kl5 /aRrfsf] lb;f wf]O{ ;s]kl5 ;fa'g kfgLn] /fd|f];Fu xft w'g] .• lb;flk;fa v'nf 7fpFdf gu/L rkL{df dfq ug] { .• sfFr} vfg] ;fu;AhL h:t}M d'nf ufh/, sfqmf] tyf cGo kmnkm"n/fd|f];Fu wf]P/ jf ksfP/ dfq vfg] .• vfg]s'/f tyf vfg]kfgLnfO{ ;wF } 5f]k]/ /fVg] .28u|fdL)f :jf:Yo k|a${s -eLPrkL_ ;xof]uL k'l:tsf

kf7%rkL{lb;flk;fanfO{ yfGsf] nufpg plrt 7fpFdf Jojl:yt tl/sfn] agfOPsf]Ps lsl;dsf] 3/nfO{ rkL{ elgG5 .rkL{sf] dxTj• lb;flk;fanfO{ plrt 7fpFdf yfGsf] nufpg dflg;nfO{rkL{sf] cfjZostf kb{5 .• ;w} rkL{sf] k|of]u ugf{n] lb;fsf] sf/0faf6 nfUg] /f]ux¿ cfpF,/utdf;L, h'sf, x}hf, emf8fkvfnf, 6fOkmfO8, sdnlkQ -hl08;_cflb /f]uaf6 aRg ;lsG5 .;Demg'kg] { s'/frkL{ agfpgfn],• 3fd, kfgL / xfjfx'/Laf6 aRg ;lsG5 .• a[4 jf afnsnfO{ lb;f ug{ hfg ;lhnf] x'G5 .• ;k{, laR5L h:tf ljiffn' hLjsf] cfqmd0faf6 aRg ;lsG5 .• b'u{Gwaf6 aRg ;lsG5 .• nfhaf6 aRg ;lsG5 .u|fdL)f :jf:Yo k|a${s -eLPrkL_ ;xof]uL k'l:tsf 29

v'Nnf 7fpFdf lb;flk;fa ubf{ ;k{, laR5L cflbn] 6f]Sg ;S5a[4 jf afnsnfO{ lb;f ug{ hfg ;lhnf] x'G5v'Nnf 7fpFdf lb;f ugf{n] nfh x'G5v'Nnf 7fpFdf lb;f ugf{n] ufpF6f]n b'uGw x'G5vNnf ?kdf lb;f ugf{n] xfjfx'/L / 3fd kfgLaf6 hf]lug ufx|f] x'G5 .Wofg lbg'kg] { s'/fv'Nnf 7fpFdf lb;f ugf{n] ufpF6f]n b'uGw x'G5• rkL{df dfq lb;flk;fa ug] { .• rkL{ ;w} F ;kmf /fVg] .• rkL{df vfnL v'§f ghfg], h'QfrKkn nufP/ dfq hfg] .30u|fdL)f :jf:Yo k|a${s -eLPrkL_ ;xof]uL k'l:tsf

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kf7&;'/lIft vfg]kfgLsf] dxTjdflg;sf] hLjgdf kfgLsf] 7"nf] dxTj 5 . lkpg] kfgLlagf dflg; afFRg;Sb}g . kfgL lkpFbf ;kmf / ;'/lIft kfgL lkpg' kb{5 . sl/a *) k|ltzt/f]u kmf]x/kfgL lkpgfn] nfUb5 . ;'/lIft kfgL lkpgfn] #) b]lv $)k|ltzt emf8fkvfnf;DaGwL /f]u nfUg] ;Defjgf sd x'G5 .;Demg'kg] { s'/fkfgL kmf]x/ / b"lift x'g] sf/0f,• kfgLsf] d'xfgdf dflg;n] lb;flk;fa u/]df, ufO{a:t'n]kmf]x/ u/]df .• lkpg] kfgLdf kmf]x/ ldNg uPdf .• lkpg] kfgLnfO{ g5f]lksg÷g9flssg /fv]df .• kfgLsf] d'xfg jl/kl/ /x]sf ufpFa:tL Jojl:yt gePdf /• lkpg] kfgLnfO{ z'4Ls/0f gu/]df kfgL kmf]x/ / b'lift x'G5 .36u|fdL)f :jf:Yo k|a${s -eLPrkL_ ;xof]uL k'l:tsf

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kfgL ;'/lIft ug] { tl/sfs= klxnf] tl/sf• vfg]kfgLsf] d'xfg jl/kl/ lb;flk;fa gug] { / ug{ glbg] .• a:t'efpaf6 kmf]x/ x'g glbg] . vfg]kfgLsf] d'xfg, l/h/efo/6\ofÍ OG6]s, aL=kL=6L, wf/f,/ t/fO{df 6\o"j]n jf 8uj]nsf]jl/kl/ ;kmf /fVg] .• To:tf :yfgdf ufO{a:t' k:g g;Sg] u/L af/ nufpg] . ufO{a:t'nfO{kfgL v'jfpg' k/]df 5'§} :yfgdf Joj:yf ug] { .• d'xfg jl/kl/ ;bfaxf/ ?vx¿ /f]Kg] . wf/fsf] jl/kl/ kfgLhDg jf emf/kft pd|g glbg] .• t/fO{df 6\o"j]nb]lv slDtdf #) ld6/= 6f9f dfq rkL{ lgdf{0f ug] { .• Ogf/nfO{ a]nfa]nfdf ;kmf ug] { . kfgL lems]kl5 Ogf/sf] 9sgL/fd|f];Fu nufpg] .v= bf];|f] ] tl/sf• kfgL /fVg] efF8f] ;w} + 5f]k]/÷9fs]/ /fVg] .• kfgL eg] { efF8f], kfgL /fVg] ufu|L jf afN6Lg, hls{g, 8«d cflbleqaflx/ /fd|/L ;kmf /fVg] .• kfgL af]Sg] 8f]sf], kfgL af]Sgsf nflu dfq k|of]u ug' {kb{5 . pQm8f]sf] dn af]Sg jf cGo bfp/f 3fF;sf nflu k|of]u gug] { .• wf/faf6 jf Ogf/af6 kfgL cf];fbf{ kfgLsf] efF8f] 5f]Kg] jf 9fSg]• kfgL lkpg] ] nf]6f, lunf; / s?jfsf] aflx/leq v/fgL kfgLjf ;fa'g kfgLn] /fd|/L ;kmf ug] { .• afN6Lg jf ufu|f]af6 kfgL leSbf tL efF8fdf xft 8'afpg' x' Fb}g .e"O{ +df /flvPsf hu, nf]6f jf lunf;nfO{ afN6Lgdf 8'afpg'cl3/fd|f];Fu ;kmf ug] { .• kfgL ebf{ xfjfx'/L cfPdf kfgL geg] { jf eg} { kg] { ePdf wf/fsf]6'6Ld} hf]8]/ yfKg] .38u|fdL)f :jf:Yo k|a${s -eLPrkL_ ;xof]uL k'l:tsf

u= t];|f] tl/sfkfgLsf] z'4Ls/0f M g]kfndf kfgL z'4Ls/0f ug] { ljleGg tl/sfckgfO{Psf] kfOG5 h'g o;k|sf/ pNn]v 5 .g]kfndf pknAw s]xL j}slNks pkfox¿s= kfgL pdfn]/v= s~rg cf;] {lgs lkmN6/ k|of]u u/]/u= sf]nfO{8n l;Ne/ lkmN6/ k|of]u u/]/3= Snf]l/g]zg -kLo"if / jf6/ uf8{sf] k|of]u u/]/_ª= 3fdkfgL z'4Ls/0f ljlwaf6 -;f]l8; ljlwaf6_gf]6M s= t/fO{df cf;] {lgs lrGx nufPsf] wf/f jf s'jfsf] kfgL gvfg]v= s~rg cf;] {lgs lkmN6/, sf]nfO{8n l;Ne/ lkmN6/, Snf]l/g]zg -kLo"if / jf6/uf8{ sf] k|of]u_ tyf 3fdkfgL z'4Ls/0f ljlw -;f]l8; ljlw_ af/] yk hfgsf/Lsfnflu cg';"rL % x]g' {xf];\ .u|fdL)f :jf:Yo k|a${s -eLPrkL_ ;xof]uL k'l:tsf 39

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kmf]xf]/nfO{ k'gM k|of]u ug] {• 3/leqaf6 lg:sg] kmf]xf]/ h:t} v]/ kmflng] cGg, t/sf/Lsf rf]O6f,ds}sf vf]:6f, kmnkm"nsf af]qmf, h:tf kmf]xf]/ ufO{a:t'nfO{ v'jfpg;lsG5 .• ;8]/ hfg] cGo kmf]xf]/nfO{ dn vf8ndf /fvL dnsf] ?kdf k|of]uug{ ;lsG5 . ahf/ jf ;fdfg lsGg hfFbf 3/df ePsf] Knfli6semf]nf lnP/ hfg] / ToxL emf]nfdf ;fdfg Nofpg] ug' { kb{5 .kmf]xf]/nfO{ k|zf]wg ug] {• sltko kmf]xf]/nfO{ k|zf]wg u/]/ -d]lzgdf k]n]/_ km]l/ pkof]uLsfddf k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .• l;;f,Knfli6s rKkn, k'/fgf klqsf, v}gL jf Knfli6ssf a§fnfO{;+sng u/L ;DalGwt sDkgLsf qm]tfx¿nfO{ a]Rg ;lsG5 .• o;af6 s]xL /sd eP klg cfDbfgL ug{ ;lsG5 .• To:t} rkL{ agfpbf uf]a/UofF;df hf]8]/ agfof] eg] dflg;sf]lb;flk;fa klg OGwgsf] ¿kdf k|of]u x'G5 .;6\6fdf k|of]u ug] {ahf/df ;fdfg vl/b ug{ hfFbf Knfli6s Aofusf] ;§f h'6 Aofu jf cGos'g} sk8f cflbsf] emf]nf k|of]u ubf{ Knfli6s k|b'if0f sd x'G5 .Wofg lbg'kg] { s'/f• Knfli6snfO{ ghnfpg] .• g;8\g] / ;8\g] kmf]xf]/ 5'6\ofP/ leGbfleGb} vf8ndf /fVg] .;/;kmfOsf OsfO{ lgdf{0fkmf]xf]/nfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ lgdf{0f ul/g] ;+/rgfnfO{ ;/;kmfOsfOsfO{ elgG5 .42u|fdL)f :jf:Yo k|a${s -eLPrkL_ ;xof]uL k'l:tsf

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@= sG6]g/vf;u/L sG6]g/df g;8\g] vfnsf kmf]xf]/ /flvG5 .;Demg' 'kg] { s'/f• sG6]g/ agfpgsf nflu l6g,8fnf], afN6Lg, 8f]sf], em\ofpjf-ljz]ifu/L t/fO{df k|of]u x'g] sf7sf] nx/faf6 agfO{Psf] Psk|sf/sf] 6f]s/L_, 9lsof t/fO{df kfpg] Ps k|sf/sf] 6f]s/L, 8f]sf]cflb k|of]udf Nofpg ;lsG5 .Wofg lbg'kg] { s'/f• sG6]g/ /fVbf ;s];Dd ;fgf afnaflnsfn] e]6\g g;Sg] 7fpFdf/fVg' pko'Qm x'G5 .44u|fdL)f :jf:Yo k|a${s -eLPrkL_ ;xof]uL k'l:tsf

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kf7(ljBfno :jf:Yo ;/;kmfOljBfno hfg] ljBfyL{x¿ eg]sf ljBfno jl/kl/ /x]sf ;d'bfosf k|ltlglwx'g . ;d'bfosf k|foM k|To]s 3/w'/Lsf] k|ltlglwTj ljBfyL{x¿n] u/] ]sfx'G5g\ . ljBfyL{x¿n] ljBfnodf ePu/]sf :jf:y tyf ;/;kmfO;DaGwLultljlwx¿nfO{ plgx¿sf] 3/df klg nfu' ug{ ;Sb5g\ . ljBfnonfO{:jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfO cleofgdf Pp6f k|j]zåf/sf] ¿kdf lnOPsf] 5 .ljBfno :jf:Yo ;/;kmfOcGtu{t, lgDg kIf ;dfj]zul/Psf] 5.s–r]tgfd"ns sfo{ljBfno jl/kl/ ;/;kmfO ub}{u|fdL)f :jf:Yo k|a${s -eLPrkL_ ;xof]uL k'l:tsf 49

]tgfd"ns sfo{cGtu{t lgDg s'/fx¿ kb{5g\.• ljBfnoxftfsf] ;/;kmfO .• JolQmut / ;fd'bflos ;/;kmfO .• ;/;kmfO k|ltof]lutf .• :jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfO ;ldlt u7g tyf kl/rfng .ljBfnoxftfsf] ;/;kmfO;Demg' 'kg] { s'/f• ljBfno :jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfO ;ldltsf] cu'jfOdf x/]s lbg laxfg sIff;'? x'g'cl3 sIffsf]7f / ljBfnoxftf jl/kl/ ;kmf ug' {kb{5 .• ;kmf ubf{ ;8]/ hfg] kmf]x/ / g;8g] kmf]xf]/nfO{ 5'6\ofO{ sG6]g/jf kmf]x/ vf8ndf /fVg] .• ljBfyL{ v]Ng] rf}/ ;w} F ;kmf /fVg] .• wf/f tyf rkL{ ;wF } ;kmf /fVg] .lzIfs / ljBfyL{sf] JolQmut ;/;kmfOlzIfs tyf ljBfyL{x¿n] gª sfF6], gsf6]sf] g'xfP, gg'xfPsf] tyf sk8fx¿;kmf ePgePsf] /fd|f];Fu cjnf]sg u/L ;/;kmfOsf ;fy ljBfno cfpgk|f]T;flxt ug] { .;fd'bflos tyf jftfj/0fLo ;/;kmfOcfkm" cfkm\gf] 3/ / ljBfno dfq ;kmf;'U3/ eP/ k'Ub}g /f]ujf6 aRgsf nflu6f] ]nl5d]s klg ;kmf x'g'kb{5 . ;d'bfosf] ;/;kmfO ;fd'lxs ¿kdf dfq ug{;lsg] ePsf] x' Fbf ljBfnon] cfkm\gf] ;]/f]km]/f]sf] ;d'bfonfO{ ;/;kmfOsfnflu pTk| ]l/t ug] { . ljBfno :jf:Yo ;ldltsf] g]t[Tjdf slDtdf x/]s #dlxgfdf ! k6s eLPrkL / pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] ;xof]uaf6 ;fd'bflos;/;kmfO lg/LIf0f tyf cg'udg ug'{kb{5 . lg/LIf0fsf] l;nl;nfdf50u|fdL)f :jf:Yo k|a${s -eLPrkL_ ;xof]uL k'l:tsf

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v– lgdf{0f dd{t tyf k|of]u ;Def/;DaGwL sfo{o;cGtu{t ljBfno vfg]kfgL tyf rkL{ lgdf{0f tyf k|of]u / ;Def/;DaGwLsfo{x¿ kb{5g\ . ljBfno :jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfO ;ldltn], eLPrkLsf];xeflutfdf lgDg sfo{x¿ ug' {kb{5 .• ;fd'bflos sfo{of]hgf;Fu d]n vfg]u/L jflif{s sfo{of]hgf agfpg] .• vfg]kfgL of]hgf tyf rkL{ { lgdf{0f ug{sf nflu cfjZos :yfgLo;fdu|Lx¿ h:t} lu§L, afn'jf, 9'Ëf cflb h'6fpg] .• vfg]kfgLsf] ;+/rgf / rkL{ dd{tsf nflu sf]if v8f ug] { .• vfg]kfgLsf] ;+/rgf tyf rkL{sf] k|of]u / dd{t ;+ef/ ug] { .eLPrkLn] vfg]kfgL tyf rkL{sf] ;/;kmfO tyf k|of]u ;Def/ /fd|f];Fu ePgePsf]lg/LIf0f u/L ljBfno :jf:Yo ;ldltnfO{ ;Nnfx ;'emfj lbg] 5g\ .Wofg lbg'kg] { s'/f• ljBfno sIffsf]7f / ljBfnoxftf jl/kl/ ;wF } ;kmf /fVg] .• lb;flk;fa rkL{df dfq ug] { .• rkL{ ;w} F ;kmf /fVg] .• vfg]kfgLsf] wf/f jl/kl/ ;kmf /fVg] .• ljBfno :jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfO ;ldltsf] cu'jfO{df slDtdfx/]s # dlxgfdf Psk6s ljBfno ;]/f]km]/f]sf] ;d'bfodf;/;kmfO cleofg ;~rfng ug] { .52u|fdL)f :jf:Yo k|a${s -eLPrkL_ ;xof]uL k'l:tsf

{kf7!);dGjoljleGg ;+3–;+:yf;“u ;dGjo:jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfO sfo{qmdnfO{ k|efjsf/L ¿kn] ;~rfng ug{ ;DalGwtljleGg lgsfoaLr ;dGjo ubf{ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ ;lhnf] x'G5 .;dGjo eGgfn] cGo lgsfo;Fu ldn]/ jf c?sf] ;Nnfx ;'emfj lnP/ ug]sfdnfO{ a'emfpF5 . :yfgLo:t/df klg ljleGg ;/sf/L, u}x|;/sf/L ;+3;+:yfjf Snax¿n] :jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfOsf sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/]sf] x'g;S5 .plgx¿sf] cg'ej lnO ;d'bfodf :jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfOsf sfo{qmd ;~rfngubf{ yk k|efjsf/L x'g;S5 . oL lgsfoaLr ;dGjo ug] { sfd ;xof]uL;+:yfsf] xf] .:jf:Yo ;+:yfx¿;“usf] ;dGjox/]s uf=lj=;=df g]kfn ;/sf/n] k|fylds :jf:y s]Gb| jf :jf:Yorf}sL]jf pk–:jf:Yorf}sLsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] x'G5 . pQm rf}sL;Fu ;dGjo u/L:jf:Yo;DaGwL ultljlw ;~rfngdf ;xof]u lng ;lsG5 . o;sf cltl/QmlhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no;Fu klg ;dGjo u/]/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ubf{cem k|efjsf/L x'g ;Sb5 . o;sf nflu pkef]Qmf ;ldltn] kxn u/LeLPrkLnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ 'kb{5 .ljleGg ;d"x ;ldlt;“usf] ;dGjo;d'bfodf u|fdL0f vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO sf]if ljsf; ;ldltsf cltl/QmcGo ;/sf/L u}x| ;/sf/L ;+3;+:yfx¿n] klg :jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfOsf]If]qdf sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿n] u7g u/]sf ljleGg ;ldlt jf ;d"xh:t}M cfdf ;d"x, afn ;d"x, o"jf ;d"x, tflndk|fKt dlxnf :jod\;]ljsf,;'8]gL, tflndk|fKt wfdLemfFqmL cflb;Fu eLPrkLn] ;dGjo u/]/ sfd ubf{cem k|efjsf/L x'G5 .u|fdL)f :jf:Yo k|a${s -eLPrkL_ ;xof]uL k'l:tsf 53

cg';"lrkf7!u|fdL0f :jf:Yo k|a4{ssf] sfd st{Jo /lhDd]jf/L!= cfkm\gf] 6f]n;d'bfodf x/]s # dlxgfdf ! k6s :jf:Yo tyf;/;kmfO;DaGwL ljifodf cfdf tyf wf/f ;d"xsf] ;lqmo ;xeflutf/ pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] pkl:yltdf :j:y 3/ ;e] {If0f ug] { . :j:y 3/;e] {If0f ubf{ ;ldltn] tof/ u/]sf] :j:y 3/ ;e] {If0f kmf/fdsf]k|of]u ug] { / ;f]sf] k|ltj]bg pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ a'emfpg] .@= x/]s dlxgfdf slDtdf # k6s ;d'bfosf ;a} 3/ lg/LIf0f u/Lk|To]s 3/df ;/;kmfOsf OsfO{x¿ h:t}M ;'ne rkL{, kmf]x/ kmfNg]vf8n, sG6]g/, Jojl:yt dn vf8n, gfnL cflb ag] gag]sf]lg/LIf0f ug] { / ;/;kmfOsf sfd gePsf] b]lvPdf lgdf{0fsf nflu;d'bfonfO{ pTk| ]l/t ug] { .#= ljBfno ;/;kmfO sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'g] .$= ;d'bfosf k|To]s 3/df rkL{ lgdf{0f ug{ nufpg] .%= ;d'bfonfO{ ;'/lIft kfgLsf] dxTjaf/] hfgsf/L u/fpg] .^= ;d'bfonfO{ lb;f d'vdf k/]/ nfUg] /f]uaf/] /fd|/L hfgsf/L u/fpg] .&= JolQmut, 3/fo;L / jftfj/0fLo ;/;kmfOaf/] hfgsf/L u/fpg] /;f]cg';f/ ePgePsf] lg/LIf0f ug] { .*= ;d'bfonfO{ emf8fkvfnfaf/] /fd|/L 1fg lbg] / k'gh{nLo emf]nagfpg] tl/sf l;sfpg] .(= ;d'bfonfO{ ;fa'g kfgLn] xft w'g] tl/sfaf/] atfpg] .!)= ;d'bfonfO{ ;/;kmfO 3'lDt C0fsf]if / dlxnf k|fljlws ;xof]u;]jf;DaGwdf hfgsf/L u/fpg] .54u|fdL)f :jf:Yo k|a${s -eLPrkL_ ;xof]uL k'l:tsf

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cg';"lr$u|fdL0f :jf:Yo k|a4{ssf nflu emf]nfo; k'l:tsfsf] ;xfotfaf6 u|fdL0f :jf:Yo k|a{4sn] :jf:Yo;DaGwL1fg cfh{g ug{'sf ;fy} ;/;kmfOsf tl/sfaf/] Jojxfl/s 1fg;d]txfl;n ug'{ kb{5 . s'g} klg 1fg lng' jf ;Lk hfGg' 7'nf] s'/f xf]Og a?To;nfO{ Jojxf/df ptfg'{ dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . To;}n] klxn] eLPrkL cfkm}gd'gf aGg' kb{5 . To;kl5 dfq} c?nfO{ gd'gf agfpg ;Sb5 . o;}s'/fnfO{ b[li6ut u/L :jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfO;DaGwL hfg]sf 1fg tyf;LknfO{ Jojxf/df ptfg{ ;lhnf] xf];\ eGg] clek|fon] k|of]ufTdscEof;sf nflu ;ldltn] eLPrkLsf lglDt Pp6f emf]nfsf] Joj:yfu/]sf] 5 . pQm emf]nf eLPrkLn] ;d'bfodf hfFbf c.km";Fu} lnP/hfg'kb{5 . h;df lgDg ;fdu|Lx¿ pknAw 5g\ .;fdfu|Lx¿sf] ljj/0f!= ;fa'g@= xft k'5\g] ?dfn#= g]ns6/$= k'gh{nLo cf}iflw56u|fdL)f :jf:Yo k|a${s -eLPrkL_ ;xof]uL k'l:tsf

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