A Reassurance-Based Approach to Space Security - Center for ...

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PRÉAMBULELe Programme de recherche et d'information dans le domaine de la sécuritéinternationale (PRISI) fait partie de la Direction des relations de sécurité etde défense, qui relève elle-même de la Direction générale de la sécuritéinternationale. Il a pour mandat de fournir au ministère des Affairesétrangères et du Commerce international Canada (MAECI), en temps utile,des études stratégiques de haute qualité et pertinentes qui permettentd’orienter et de soutenir l’élaboration de la politique canadienne de sécuritéinternationale concernant l’Amérique du Nord, la coopération régionale etmultilatérale en matière de sécurité et de défense, ainsi que lanon-prolifération (nucléaire et non nucléaire), le contrôle des armements etle désarmement. Les thèmes de recherches actuels du Programme derecherche et d’information dans le domaine de la sécurité internationale(PRISI) figurent à l’adresse suivante: www.dfaitmaeci.gc.ca/arms/isrop/menu-fr.aspLe PRISI commande régulièrement des études pour faciliter le travail desfonctionnaires canadiens, en faisant appel à ses réseaux de spécialistes etd’universitaires au Canada et à l’étranger. Le rapport suivant, « Uneapproche basée sur la réassurance pour la sécurité de l’espace » est unexemple de ce type d’étude.Le MAECI souhaite reconnaître le travail exécuté à contrat par Dr. NancyGallagher, Center for International and Security Studies at Maryland Schoolof Public Policy, University of Maryland.Déni de responsabilité : Les vues et opinions exprimées dans le présentrapport appartiennent exclusivement à l’auteur, et ne reflètent pasnécessairement celles du ministère des Affaires étrangères et du Commerceinternational Canada, ou celles du gouvernement du Canada. Le rapport estprésenté dans la langue de rédaction.3
Executive SummarySpace security has both military and environmental dimensions that need to beaddressed together through equitable rules that build on, but do not replace, the principlesand obligations in the Outer Space Treaty. In both dimensions, the central problem involvesa need for greater reassurance about how a growing number of state and non-state actorswill use increasingly sophisticated technologies that can have both beneficial and harmfuluses. On the military side, states want clearer and stronger protections for satellites beingused for legitimate purposes and corresponding protections against space being used forhostile purposes. On the environmental side, states want reassurance that other space userswill behave in ways that do not create more space debris or pose other unintended threats totheir space activities. Both the general utility of arms control and the desirability of specificproposals look very different if the primary objective is to provide mutual reassurance, andnot to stabilize deterrence or to achieve a more favorable distribution of war-fightingcapabilities.Given the dual-use nature of most space technology, the core rules needed toenhance space security are more usefully defined in terms of legitimate behavior rather thanprohibited capability. A recent Canadian working paper proposes three very valuable rules,but leaves open several critical questions that cannot be answered with reference to existinginternational law or precedents from other arms control agreements. Therefore, this paperproposes a different type of process to strengthen existing normative protections forpeaceful satellites and prohibitions on weapons in space, and to promote more constructivenegotiations about additional rules and institutional arrangements to provide much neededreassurance. “Elements of a companion agreement to the OST” is provided in an annex tothe paper, and sketches out potential elements of a comprehensive reassurance-based regimeas a stimulus for creative thinking about how different initiatives to enhance space securitycould be expanded and combined into an integrated system.4
Page 1 and 2: A Reassurance-based Approach toSpac
Page 3: PREFACEThe International Security R
Page 7 and 8: TABLE OF CONTENTSPagesIntroduction
Page 9 and 10: security and embraced the objective
Page 11 and 12: The final section sketches out the
Page 13 and 14: Those countries who are primarily c
Page 15 and 16: or debris-generating activities) wh
Page 17 and 18: space diplomacy had two principle o
Page 19 and 20: (NTM) or because noncompliance can
Page 21 and 22: Is there a legal right to use space
Page 23 and 24: In space, the situation is much mur
Page 25 and 26: ace? Proponents of space deterrence
Page 27 and 28: Traditional arms control and nonpro
Page 29 and 30: Because the United States, Russia,
Page 31 and 32: offensive strike weapons in space.
Page 33 and 34: ANNEXElements of a companion agreem
Page 35 and 36: 13. The Technical Secretariat shall

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