Level 1 Introductory Umpire Program Participants ... - Softball Australia

Level 1 IntroductoryUmpire ProgramParticipants ManualNOAS Training Program

IntroductionThe Softball Australia Limited Level 1 Introduction to Umpiring Program is an initiative to promoteumpiring to people wishing to get involved with umpiring and is aimed at to those people whohave not yet entered the formal accreditation system.The aim is to provide a means by which new and or inexperienced not yet qualified umpires canlearn and participate in the sport at the club or affiliate level. The program will help develop andencourage participants to develop their umpire skills and to achieve Level 1 accreditation ifdesired.Most umpires start at local association level and umpire from junior through to seniorcompetitions. As umpires gain skills and confidence, they often seek optional ongoingaccreditation, which can lead to umpiring state, national and international games.Become an umpireThere are many reasons people decide to become an umpire. Some are helping their Club whileothers aim to extend their playing career or seek social and community involvement.Becoming an accredited umpire highlights a recognised level of competence and effort andenables you to wear the Softball Australia Umpires logo with pride, knowing you have earned it.Prior to deciding to become an official umpire of Softball, the following next steps provideexcellent insights into the role of an umpire and whether it is suited to you.You will need to have an understanding of the basic Softball rules and terminologyYou will need to know the basic skills involved in playing Softball as you will need to umpireon throwing, catching, fielding a ball, hitting and moving between basesAn outline of the accreditation process and registration will also give you a scope of theeducation pathway available to youThere are many regularly updated resources for umpires, in addition to umpiring news andhow you can find a Club near you or contact your State Association or Softball AustraliaLimited for more information. www.softball.org.auPhilosophyThrough peer contact, online and practical training and mentoring by other umpires, prospectiveumpires will engage in learning some of the fundamentals and disciplines of umpiring. It is hopedthat you will be inspired to continue to improve your umpiring. Provided that you umpire bothplates and bases for a season, do a basic umpire theory exam and complete some online trainingcourses you will achieve your Level 1 accreditation.Method of engagementThis program will concentrate on the fundamentals of plate and base umpiring, you will learn fromyour peers by observing what duties need to be performed and how to perform them, before,during and after a game. This manual will offer you important information that you can later referto for example – the basic Signals, basic Rules and a simplified One and Two-umpire systems.Completion of some online courses will also give you an insight into your responsibilities as anumpire. Other umpires will provide feedback on games that you will be involved in and canprovide mentoring if you desire.SAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 1

ModulesThere are five modules that need to be completed to achieve accreditation as a Level 1 umpire.These can be completed at your own pace and timeframe and are designed to be simple andeasy to complete. You need to read and study this manual as it will provide the resourceinformation you should need to complete the course and achieve Level 1 accreditation.An Umpire can be recommended for Level 1 National Accreditation at the local affiliate level byany Softball official once they can show they have completed all five modules of the Level 1Introductory Umpire course.There are four documents (attachments 1,2,3 and 4) that need to be completed by the umpireapplying for Level 1 accreditation and the Softball official checking competency. These need tosent to the relevant State Director of Umpiring together with the $10 NOAS application fee.Module 1Rules KnowledgeTo achieve level 1 National Accreditation an umpire must achieve the following pass marks for theSAL Basic Rules Examination:1 60% under lecture style presentation with four sessions of 25 questions or2 50% under supervision in one session or3 80% as an open book giving the rule referencesorAchieve 50% pass mark in the SAL National Rules Examination (held the last Monday in Mayeach year)Practice SAL Basic Rules Exams with answers are available online at www.softball.org.au in theumpiring resources section.Contact your local umpire co-ordinator when you feel you are ready to sit the exam.There is a detailed rules instruction section below to assist you in gaining the required rulesknowledge.Module 2Play by the RulesTo achieve level 1 National Accreditation, an umpire must complete the online ‘Play by the Rules’officials course.Play by the Rules offers free online training courses for officials about their rights andresponsibilities under discrimination and child protection laws. www.playbytherules.net.auYou need to visit this site, register and complete the ‘officials’ course. This can be done over anumber of sessions if required. Once you have completed the course print out a completioncertificate, a copy of which you need to provide for Level 1 accreditation.SAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 2

Module 3Softball Australia Limited – Umpire’s Code of EthicsTo achieve level 1 National Accreditation, an umpire must read and sign the SAL ‘Umpire’s Codeof Ethics’.There are no rules or guidelines that define the type of person or personality that makes a goodumpire. However, the National Umpire Program Code of Ethics defines how an umpire shouldconduct himself or herself. (see attachment 1)Module 4Practical On Diamond Competency CheckTo achieve level 1 National Accreditation, an umpire must be able to demonstrate basic umpiringskills. An umpire will achieve Level 1 accreditation by having practical umpiring experience in atleast five games comprising a minimum of two plates and three bases in one season.The recommending softball official must complete the competency checklist in full. To be deemed‘competent’ the applicant must successfully demonstrate all competencies during one or moregames. (see attachment 2)There is a detailed practical instruction section below to assist you in gaining the required skills.You should also work with other local umpires who will assist with you learning the basic umpiringskills.Module 5Australia Sports Commission NOAS ApplicationTo achieve Level 1 National Accreditation, an umpire must complete the SAL NOAS applicationform and submit this together with the fee of $10 when making their application for registration asa Level 1 accredited umpire. (see attachment 4)SAL would like to acknowledge Softball Canada, ASA and ISF some of the content in this manualSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 3

Module 1 - Rules knowledgeThis section will help provide you with the basic rule knowledge required to pass the rules exam.A great resource document is the SAL ‘Rules in Pictures’ booklet which is available for purchasefrom State umpiring bodies or Softball Australia Limited. This booklet shows the basic rules ofSoftball in an easy learning format.Official dimensions of a Softball DiamondSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 4

The Double Base sometimes referred as the safety base is approved for use at first base. Halfthe base is secured in Fair Territory and half the base (of a different solid contrasting colour) issecured in Foul TerritoryThe following rules apply to the double base:(a) A Batted Ball hitting the Fair portion is declared Fair, and a Batted Ball hitting the Foul portiononly is declared Foul(b) If a play is made at first base on any Batted Ball, or (Fastpitch (FP) ONLY) the Batter runs ona dropped third Strike, and the Batter-Runner (BR) touches only the Fair portion, and if thedefence appeals prior to the BR returning to first base, the Batter-Runner is out(c) A defensive player must use only the Fair portion of the base at all timesEXCEPTION to Sec 4h 1c. On any live ball play made from first base Foul Territory, theBatter-Runner and the defensive player may use either portion of the base(d) After over-running the base, the Batter-Runner must return to the Fair portion of the base(e) On balls hit to the outfield when there is no play being made at the double base, the Batter-Runner may touch either portion of the base(f) Once a Runner returns to the Fair portion he must stay on the Fair portion onlySAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 5

Pitching distancesFemale 13.11m (43 feet).Male 14.0m (46 feet).Junior Female 16 and under 12.19m (40 feet).Junior Male 16 and under 14.0m (46 feet)Modified pitching distances are recommended for junior ages 14 and under.SAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 6

Part 1: The pitcherBoth the pitcher and the catcher must be inposition before the pitcher is considered readyto pitch.Rule 6 Section 1bThe catcher must be inside the catcher’s box.Rule 6 Section 6aThe pitcher must have both feet in contact withthe pitcher’s plate and come to a full andcomplete stop with the ball held in both hands.This position must be held for at least twoseconds before starting the windup.Rule 6 Section 1c & Rule 6 Section 1eSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 7

The pitcher may not stand in the pitchingposition on or near the plate unless he has theball in his possession.Rule 6 Section 1aThe ball must be delivered with an underhandmotion.Rule 6 Section 3eA step may be taken simultaneously with thedelivery of the ball.Rule 6 Section 3iThe pitcher may use a windup, provided thereis not a stop or reversal of the forward motion.The pitcher’s hands must separate while on orprior to the pivot foot leaving from the pitcher’splate.Rule 6 Section 3cSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 8

The pitcher may not continue to windup afterreleasing the ball.Rule 6 Section 3lThe pitcher may not make a motion to pitchwithout immediately delivering the ball.Rule 6 Section 3aThe ball may not be held longer than 5seconds before delivery of the pitch.Rule 6 Section 1eA ‘No Pitch’ is called if the pitcher pitchesduring suspension of play.Rule 6 Section 10aSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 9

A ‘No Pitch’ is called if the Batter has not hadtime to get ready.Rule 6 Section 10bThe pitcher may not stand in pitching positionunless he has the ball.Rule 6 Section 1aThe pitcher shall not deliberately roll the ballalong the ground to prevent the Batter fromhitting itRule 6 Section 3mNo foreign substance may be put on the ball.Rule 6, Section 5aNote: The penalty for all the abovesituations is the umpire will call an IllegalPitch, awarding a ball to the Batter andawarding a base to any Runner on base.Exception: A No PitchSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 10

Part 1: The BatterA Batter is an Offensive Player who enters the Batter’s Box with the intention of aiding his team toobtain runs. He continues to be a Batter until he is either declared out by the umpire or hebecomes a Batter-Runner (BR).A BR is a player who has finished a turn at bat but has not yet been put out, or touched first base.The Batter must stand with both feet within theBatter’s Box.Rule 7 Section 3cAny ball at which the Batter swings and missesis a Strike, regardless of the position of pitchRule 7 Section 4bA ‘Ball’ is called for each pitch that does notenter the Strike Zone and is not swung atRule 7 Section 5aSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 11

The Batter is out if a foot is completely outsidethe lines of the Batter’s Box and is touchingthe ground at the time he hits the ballRule 7 Section 9dThe Batter shall not change Batter’s Boxeswhile the pitcher is ready to pitch. Penalty: TheBatter is outRule 7 Section 9jFour Balls entitles the Batter to go to firstbase. This is called a Base on Balls.Rule 8 Section 1cSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 12

The Batter is permitted to go to first base if apitched ball that is not a Strike hits him and hehas not swung at itRule 8 Section 1fIt is a Strike if the ball is swung at and missed.Rule 7 Section 4bIt is a Strike if the ball is swung at and missedand the pitch hits the Batter. The ball is deadRule 7 Section 4fIt is a Strike if the ball is hit into Foul Territoryand is not caught on the fly and there are lessthan two Strikes on the Batter.Rule 7 Section 4dSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 13

It is a Strike if any part of the ball enters anypart of the Strike Zone over home plate andthe Batter does not swing at it.Rule 7 Section 4aAny pitch, outside the Strike zone, not swungat by the Batter, is a Ball.Rule 7 Section 5aA Fair ball must:Settle in Fair Territory between first andthird bases – orBounce past third or first base in FairTerritory – orBounce over first or third base – orFall Fair beyond first or third base on aFly Ball – orBe first touched on or over Fair ground.Fair Territory is territory within Foul lines. FoulTerritory is area outside the Foul lines. The lineis considered in Fair Territory so the completeball must be outside the lines to be FoulNote: If a Fielder is standing in Foul Territoryand touches the ball while over Fair Territory itis a Fair ball, likewise if a Fielder is standing inFair Territory and touches the ball over FoulTerritory it is a Foul ballRule 1 Section 29 & Rule 7 SectionSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 14

Fail and Foul BallsSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 15

Fail and Foul BallsPic 1Pic 2Pic 3Pic 4Pic 5Pic 6Pic 7Pic 8Pic 9Pic 10Pic 11Pic 12The ball first bounces in Fair Territory, then spins into Foul Territory beforepassing 1 st base, and comes to rest in Foul TerritoryThe ball curves over the Foul portion of the Double Base then bounces into FoulTerritoryThe ball first bounces in Foul Territory then turns and bounces into Fair Territoryand is touched or comes to rest before passing 1 st baseA line drive hits the pitcher’s plate without touching a player, veers into FoulTerritory between home and third and comes to restThe ball bounces in Fair Territory then crosses directly over the 3 rd base and landsin Foul TerritoryThe ball is touched by the Fielder in Fair Territory, and deflects into Foul Territoryand comes to rest in Fair TerritoryA Fielder touches the ball in Foul Territory or the Batted Ball hits a Runner whilehe takes a lead off third base in Foul Territory, and the ball goes deflects into FairTerritoryA Batted Ball rolls directly along the Foul line, touches 1 st base and then rolls Foul,never passing the baseA Batted Ball rolls bounces toward 1 st base first contacting the foul portion of thedouble base and going into Foul TerritoryA Batted Ball bounces toward 1 st base contacting the corner of 1 st base and thedouble base at the same timeThe Batted Ball first lands in outfield Fair Territory beyond the base and bouncesand settles FoulThe Batted Ball passes over 3 rd base and first lands in Foul Territory beyond 3 rdbase before turning a settling in Fair TerritoryFoulFoulFairFoulFairFairFoulFairFoulFairFairFoulPic 13 The Fielder first touches the Batted Ball while the ball is over Foul Territory FoulPic 14Pic 15Pic 16The Batted Ball hits left field Foul pole and bounces into the stands in FoulTerritoryThe Batted Ball first lands in Foul Territory then spins bouncing back directly over3 rd base and comes to rest in Fair TerritoryThe Batted Ball first lands in Fair Territory then spins bouncing into Foul Territorybeyond 1 st base and comes to rest in Foul TerritoryFairFairFairSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 16

It is a Fair ball if it Strikes the umpire on FairTerritory – before touching a Fielder other thanthe pitcherA pitcher is a Fielder if he touches or istouched by the Batted Ball.Rule 7 Section 6dIt is a Fair ball if it Strikes a Runner on FairTerritory. Batter goes to first if the ball hits theRunner before it touches or passes a Fielder,other than the pitcher, but the ball is dead andthe Runner is out. If the Runner is hit by a ballthat has been touched or passed a Fielder,other than the pitcher, the ball is alive and allRunners may advance.Rule 7 Section 6d, Rule 8 Section 1e, Rule 8Section 9k & Rule 8 Section 10fA ball directly off the bat (not higher than theBatters head) to the catcher is a Foul Tip andis alive and in play. If it is caught on arebound, it is not a Catch unless the balltouches catcher’s glove or hand first. A Strikeis called; Runners may advance on the pitch.Rule 7 Section 8. A Foul tip not caught is aFoul ball and becomes deadA Batter should run when he hits a Fair ball.Rule 8, Section 1a. He is then considered aBRSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 17

A Batter may run when he has three Strikes –if the catcher fails to catch the ball.Rule 8 Section 1bThe Batter is Out if he hits a Fair Fly Ballwhich is caught by a Fielder before it touchesthe groundRule 8 Section 2bThe Batter is out if he hits a Foul Fly Ballwhich is caught by a Fielder before it touchesthe groundRule 8 Section 2bThe Batter is out if his third Strike is caught bythe catcher.Rule 7 Section 9lSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 18

The Batter is also out after the third Strike isnot caught if less than two are out and aRunner is on first base.Rule 7 Section 9mIf the third Strike is dropped, with less than twoout and first base is not occupied, the BR issafe if he can beat the throw to first, or he isnot tagged off base.Rule 8 Section 1bThe Batter is out if he bunts the third StrikeFoul.Rule 7, Section 9fThe Batter is out if the third Strike is swung atand hits him.Rule 7 Section 9aThe BR is out if his Fair-Batted Ball bouncesup and hits him while he is out of the Batter’sboxRule 8 Section 2g (5)SAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 19

The BR is out if a Fair-Batted Ball is held by aFielder on first base before the BR reaches thebase.Rule 8 Section 2cThe BR is out if the ball is held by a Fielder onfirst base before the BR reaches the base on adropped third Strike.Rule 8 Section 2aThe BR is out if he is touched (tagged) beforehe reaches first base on a Fair-Batted Ball, oron a third Strike that is not caught.Rule 8 Section 2a & Rule 8 Section 2cThe Batter is Not out if he drops the bat andthe ball rolls and contacts the stationary batRule 7 Section 9i Exception 2The Runner is out if he dodges more than .91metres (3 feet) to avoid a Tag.Rule 8 Section 9aSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 20

The BR is out if he interferes with a Fielder.Rule 8 Section 2g (2) & (3)Tagging a base ahead of a Runner only whenhe is forced to advance, because the Batterbecame a BR, makes a Force Out.Rule 1 Section 35 & Rule 8 Section 9cThis situation is not a Force Play. First base isopen for the Batter. So the Runner at secondbase does not have to run.Rule 1 Section 35The Batter is out when a Fielder intentionallydrops a line drive with less than two out inorder to make a Force Play possible.Rule 8 Section 2lThe Batter is out when a Fielder intentionallydrops a Fly Ball with less than two out in orderto make a Force Play possible.Rule 8 Section 2lSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 21

The Runner is out when a Runner interfereswith a defensive player catching a thrown ball,or throwing to complete a play.Rule 8 Section 9mSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 22

Batting out of orderThe Batter who should have batted is out if someone else bats in his turn. To obtain the out theDefensive Team must appeal to the umpire before the next ball is pitched. If no appeal is made,all plays standIf an appeal is made while the incorrect Batternumber Three is at bat, the proper Batternumber two comes to bat and assumes theBall and Strike count of the improper BatterNumber Three. Nobody is out.Rule 7 Section 2d Effect 1If an appeal is made after Batter NumberThree has completed his time at bat but beforethe next pitch, Batter Number Two is out.Bases run and scores made do not count if theadvance is due to the actions of the improperBatter Number Three, but any outs obtainedon the play remain outRule 7 Section 2d Effect 2How a batter is awarded first base without jeopardy‘Jeopardy’ means in danger of being put out, as the ball is in play. To be ‘awarded’ a base meansto be permitted to advance there without Jeopardy – that is, without danger of being put out.Rule 1 Section 53The Batter is awarded first base by having fourballs called by the umpire.Rule 8 Section 1cSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 23

The Batter is awarded first base if the catcherObstructs and prevents him hitting the ballsafely. If he hits the ball safely and advancesboth himself and all other Runners – ignorethe obstructionRule 8 Section 1dThe Batter is awarded first base when a FairBatted Ball Strikes the umpire before touchingor passing a Fielder, other than the pitcher.Rule 8 Section 1e Effect 3The ball is dead on a Foul fly not caught.Runners return.Rule 9 Section 1eThe Batter is awarded first base if struck by apitched ball he is not attempting to hit andwhich he tries to avoid.Rule 8 Section 1fSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 24

Dead ballWhen the ball is dead the play stops. No runs count and no one can advance – except as theresult of acts while the ball was alive such as an Overthrow into Dead Ball TerritoryOverthrow into crowd. Runners advance andthe ball is dead.Rule 8 Section 7gSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 25

Part 3: The RunnerThe Runner must touch first, second, third andhome bases in order to score a run.Rule 8 Section 4The Runner may try for another base after thepitcher releases the ball, but not beforeRule 8 Section 5a & Rule 8 Section 9uIf forced to return, a Runner must touch basesin reverse order – unless the ball is deadRule 8 Section 4aTwo Runners may not occupy the same base.The first Runner retains right to base, excepton Force PlayRule 8 Section 4dSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 26

If not a Force Play, and the second Runner istagged while on base he is out.Rule 8 Section 4d EffectRunners advance one base without Jeopardywhen the Batter is awarded first base andRunners must advance to vacate first base forhim.Rule 8 Section 7aIf the catcher obstructs the Batter as heattempts to Strike the ball. Batter is awardedfirst base. All other Runners hold their bases,unless forced to advance. Dead Ball.Rule 8 Section 1d & EffectA Runner advances without Jeopardy to abase if a defensive player, without the ball andnot in the act of fielding it, obstructs hisprogress. He is awarded the base he wouldhave made.Rule 8 Section 7b & EffectSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 27

All Runners and Batters are entitled toadvance home without Jeopardy when the ballis prevented from going over the fence by aFielder striking it with a thrown glove, apparelor equipment. The ball stays alive.Rule 8 Section 7f Effect 1 ExceptionAll Runners and Batter advance three baseswithout Jeopardy if a Fielder touches any Fairball with a thrown mask, glove or detachedpart of uniform. The Batter may try for home athis own riskRule 8 Section 7f Effect 1All Runners and Batter are entitled to advancehome without Jeopardy when a Fair ball is hitover the fence.Rule 8 Section 1g & Rule 8 Section 7If a ball is thrown by a Fielder and anotherFielder throws his equipment at, and contacts,the ball, Runners and the Batter advance twobases without Jeopardy, but may advancefurther at own riskRule 8 Section 7f Effect 2A wild pitch to the Batter which goes into thestands, bench, etc., entitles Runners toadvance one base without Jeopardy.Rule 8 Section 7cSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 28

The Runner is out when he fails to yield rightof way to a Fielder fielding a Fair Batted BallRule 8 Section 9mThe Runner is out when he intentionallyinterferes with a thrown ball.Rule 8 Section 9mThe Runner is out when he is tagged by aFielder while off base.Rule 8 Section 9bThe Runner is out if he passes the PrecedingRunner unless that Runner has been put outas occurs occasionally on ‘run-down’ plays.Rule 8 Section 9fSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 29

The Runner is out when the base to which heis advancing on a Force Play is tagged.Rule 8 Section 9c 1A Runner is out when he is tagged with theball while off base on a Force Play.Rule 8 Section 9c 3SAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 30

Appeal playsAn Appeal must be made to the umpire by a Defensive Player before the next pitch to the Batter.An Appeal is defined by the rules as the act of a Fielder in claiming a violation of the rules by theOffensive Team. Rule 1 Section 2If a Runner leaves base before a Fly Ball, Fairor Foul, is first touched and caught, he is out ifthe base is tagged before he returns to thebase.Rule 8 Section 9gIf a Runner leaves base before a Fly Ball, Fairor Foul, is first touched and caught, he is out ifhe is tagged before he returns to the base.Rule 8 Section 9gIf a Runner misses a base, he may be put outby a Fielder touching the base with the ballbefore the Runner retags the base, or he maybe tagged out before he returns to the missedbaseRule 8 Section 9hThe Runner is out if he is tagged whilereturning to first base after over running andattempting to run to second base.Rule 8 Section 9iSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 31

The Runner is out if he over slides home plate– misses it – and the plate is tagged by aFielder before the Runner returns.Rule 8 Section 9jA base Runner must return to the base on aFoul ball not caught.Rule 8 Section 8aThe Runner need not retouch after a Foul tipas this is considered a regular Strike and theball remains alive.Rule 7 Section 8 & EffectSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 32

Interference PlaysOn all Interference plays somebody must be out and the ball is dead. Runners return to the lastbase touched. Rule 9 Section 1fWhen the Batter interferes with a play at theplate, he is out. Runners return to the lastbase held at time of the Interference.Rule 7 Section 9k 4 & EffectThe Runner closest to home is out if the coachleaves the coach’s box and makes the Fielderthink he is a Runner by running toward home,and draws a throw from the Fielder to thecatcherRule 8 Section 9q & NoteThe Runner is out if teammates gather arounda base to which the Runner is advancing toconfuse or hinder the Defensive Team.Rule 8 Section 9pRuns score if the Appeal Play for the third outis behind the Runner and is not a Force OutRule 5 Section 8aSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 33

If the Batter is put out before reaching first.Rule 5 Section 8b 1If any other Runner is put out by a Force Outfor the third out.Rule 5 Section 8b 2If a proceeding Runner is the third out on anAppeal Play.Rule 8 Section 4e ExceptionSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 34

Part 4: The umpireThe umpire should line up their eyes justabove the top of the zone and on the insideedge of the plate between the plate and theBatter.Umpires should judge Balls and Strikes overthe catchers shoulder nearest to the BatterBe in a position to call all plays. If workingalone, start game behind the plateSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 35

Strikes are called verbally and signaled withthe right arm‘Balls’ are not indicated, merely called vocallyThe umpire’s signal for an OutThe signal for SafeSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 36

Indicate ‘balls’ on the left hand and ‘Strikes’ onright every few pitches. It avoids unnecessaryquestions Include a verbal count eg ‘2 balls, 2strikes’Don’t ‘give away’ appeal playsWhen anyone questions a call, listen briefly,explain what you saw and explain the rule ifyou need, then passively ask the player orcoach to continue on with the game and startto move away.If the person continues to dispute the call orverbally abuses you then under the rules youmay need to eject them from the gameWhen cleaning home plate, step inside thediamond, face crowd, turn your back to thepitcher, lean over and brush plate. Keep theplate clean.SAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 37

Some duties of the umpire before each gameSee that the field is marked correctly.See that pitcher’s rubber is in good condition,and bases are firmly pegged.SAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 38

Position of playersNo.Position1 Pitcher2 Catcher3 First Base4 Second Base5 Third Base6 Shortstop7 Left Field8 Centre Field9 Right FieldSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 39

Module 4 - On Diamond MechanicsThis section provides a guide to the basic on diamond umpire mechanics required to achieveLevel 1 accreditation.The Ready PositionThe Ready Position is the body position of a base umpire pre pitch, during and prior to the pitchreaching the batter and/or catcher.As the pitcher assumes the Set Position (hands together), the umpire should step into the readyposition, stopping just prior to the start of the pitch with his feet a comfortable distance apart (atleast shoulder width), staying relaxed but still.Before the pitcher releases the pitch, the umpire should adopt the ‘ready’ position by unlockingthe knees slightly, with the weight resting lightly on the balls of the feet and the hands drawn inclose to the belt line in front of the body, or with relaxed open hands and arms bent at the elbowsapproximately 45 degrees.Note: In this stance the umpire’s upper body should be relaxed and the umpire should not be in asemi sitting position. A good example of this is the fielders; they go into a Ready Position everypitch with the pitcherThe umpire should stay in this position until the ball reaches the catcher or is hit by the batter.If the pitch is hit or the catcher throws the ball to a base, the umpire pushes off on the balls of hisfeet and moves to position for a potential play.All umpires should assume the position simultaneously. This is best done by the umpire at eitherfirst or third base.Umpires at second base should take the timing from the umpire at either first or third base.SAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 40

SignalsThere are two types of signals that an umpire will use while umpiring. One set is used tocommunicate to the players, coaches, scorers and spectators the decisions made during thegame, (i.e. safe and out, fair and foul.) The other set of signals is used to communicate betweenthe umpires. Following are a few of the more common signals that you may be required to use ata championship.Safe SignalThe umpire should move into the proper position giving them a good angle on the play.Do not make a call until it is established that the fielder making the play has complete control ofthe ball.The mechanic is as follows:1 Adopt the ready position and be alert for the play.2 With your head straight forward looking at the play, come up to a standing position.3 Bring both hands up to your chest about shoulder height.4 Give a brisk verbal call of ‘SAFE’, while fully extending your arms horizontally, parallelwith the ground and your palms down.5 Again, adopt the ready position and keep your eye of the play until the play is complete.Note: This is to develop good habits, staying with the play until all action has beencompleted. This position is not required if the Umpire needs to position himself foranother call or potential call.SAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 41

Out SignalThe umpire should move into the proper position giving them a good angle on the play.Do not make a call until it is established that the fielder making the play has complete control ofthe ball.The mechanic is as follows:1 Adopt the ready position with your hands slightly in front of your body and relaxedready for the play.2 With your head straight forward looking at the play, come up to a standing position.3 Bring your left hand into your body, slightly above your waist.4 Give a brisk verbal call of ‘OUT’, while punching your right arm to the 90 degreehammer position and clenching the fist.5 Drop back to a ready position with your hands slightly forward and relaxed. Note: Thisis to develop good habits, staying with the play until all action has been completed. It isnot required if the umpire needs to position himself for another call or a potential call.SAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 42

Strike signalThe mechanic is as follows:1 Drop into the set position. Allow the pitch to cross home plate. Do not make a call untilthe catcher has caught the ball.Make a brisk verbal call of ‘Strike’2 Do not step back; keep both feet staggered as you assume an upright position.3 Bring your left hand into your body, slightly above the belt.4 Raise your right arm to shoulder height with fist clenched. The palm of your handshould be facing your right ear, your right arm is at 90 degree hammer position.5 Step back and away from the Catcher and relax until you need to focus again on thenext pitch.SAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 43

Called Infield Fly (or Infield Fly ‘Assist’)When an Infield Fly occurs, (for assistance on Infield Fly situations refer to BasicUmpire Manual – Rules Module,) all Umpires will point up at the ball with their rightarm.It is initially the Plate umpire’s responsibility to call the play. With his right arm in theair, he will call ‘Infield Fly – batter is out.’ He will then give the ‘Out Signal’.If the ball is close to the foul line and it is difficult to determine as to whether the ball isgoing to be fair or foul, the Plate Umpire will call ‘Infield Fly – batter is out if fair.’ Hewill then give the ‘Out Signal’.Delayed Dead BallThe delayed dead signal is given in situations where it may be necessary toeventually stop play and, depending on the circumstances, apply a penaltyor award. e.g Illegal pitch, obstruction.Any Umpire may give the delayed dead ball signal. It is given by extendingthe left arm straight out from the shoulder and horizontal to the ground.Ground Rule DoubleThis signal is given only after ‘Time’ has been called and signalled. It is given with theright arm extended above the head. Two fingers are shown to indicate a ‘two baseaward’. Verbally call ‘Two Bases.’Home RunThe Home Run signal is given when a fair batted fly ball travels over theoutfield fence prior to touching the ground, or hits the foul pole above the fenceline.The right arm is extended above the head with the fist clenched. A clockwisecircling motion is used to indicate the home run.SAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 44

Time (Suspension of Play)Calling ‘Time’ will immediately suspend play so it is important that the umpire waitsuntil all play has ceased. It should be called in a loud and clear voice while raisingboth arms above the head.Any umpire may call time. When one umpire calls ‘Time’, all Umpires shallacknowledge the call by also calling and signalling ‘Time’.SAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 45

One Umpire SystemIn the One Umpire System, you are responsible for every call during the game. It is obvious thatnot everything that happens will be seen. The single umpire must hustle around the diamond andanticipate where to make the best possible call.With Runners on base, give the lead Runner priority in your positioning. On every hit ball, theumpire must quickly move out from behind the plate and into the Infield for the best view of theplay that develops. It is important to always try to keep the ball in view. Take a quick look at theRunners as they touch bases, especially when scoring at home. Watch as the play progresses,anticipate and move towards the base where the first play will occur, be prepared to quickly resetand move towards the next play.If the first play is potentially a routine call, shift towards where the next play may occur, especiallyif it is a possible tag play. Try and get into the best position to see the ball, the fielder, and theRunner to give yourself the possible view to make the correct call. Make sure your position forone play does not put you in the way of a player or a thrown ball.You must watch for, Tags, Obstruction, Interferences, Touched Bases, Runners passing eachother, Blocked Balls, etc.Try to keep the following Four Elements in your vision:1. The ball,2. The defensive player making the play,3. The batter runner or runner and4. The base or area where the above elements meet.Any time the ball is thrown, you must know where the runners are in case the ball is thrown out ofplay. It is always important to hustle. You don’t have a partner to assist you. You should nevermake a call without moving out from behind the plate. When the ball is in the infield and nofurther play is evident call and signal ‘Time’ and quickly return to your position behind the plate.SAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 46

Starting PositionPlate umpireMove to a position on the side of the teamcoming off the fieldHustle the teams on and off the fieldStand approximately one third from homeplate toward 1st base in one half inningand third base in the other half inningStand about 30 cm (1 foot) in Foul Territoryoff the lineStand facing the diamond with your handsrelaxed at your sidesPlace the mask under your left armObserve the Warm-Up Pitches (fiveallowed for each pitcher in the firstinnings and with each new pitcher. Thenthree warm up pitches are allowed at thestart of each innings after the first)Let the Catcher know when the last Warm-Up Pitch has been thrown, then say ‘onemore Catcher’Replenish extra ball supplySweep the plate and then assume aposition behind the Catcher after theWarm-Up PitchesDuring the first half inning and when thereis a change of pitchers, you may wish toput on the mask and observe the Warm-Ups after making the Line-up changesand announcing them to the OfficialScorerSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 47

No Runners on BaseStarting positionTake a position behind the Catcher asdescribed in the Plate Umpire MechanicsOn every hit, move out in front of homeplateBall hit to the infieldHustle out in front of the home platetowards the pitcherIf the ball is hit near the Foul Line, stayclose the line to call Fair/FoulKeep your eyes on the ballLet the ball turn you into the playObserve the Batter Runner (BR) down the1st base lineStop… Wait… Call and SignalWith the ball in the infield, you may call andsignal ‘Time’ when all play has ceasedBall hit to the outfieldHustle out in front of the home plate andmove towards the pitcher’s areaIf the ball is hit near the Foul Line, stayclose to the line to call Fair/FoulKeep your eyes on the ballJudge Catch/No CatchMove quickly towards the base where theplay will be madeYou may call and signal ‘Time’ when theball returns to the Infield and all play hasceasedSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 48

Runner at First BaseStarting positionTake a position behind the Catcher asdescribed in the Plate Umpire MechanicsOn every hit, move out in front of homeplateBall hit in the infieldHustle out in front of the home plate andmove towards the pitcher’s areaIf the ball is hit near the Foul Line, stayclose to the line to call Fair/FoulKeep your eyes on the ballLet the ball turn you into the playObserve the BR down the 1st base lineStop … Wait … Call and SignalWith the ball in the infield, you may call andsignal 'Time' when all play has ceasedBall hit to the outfieldHustle out in front of the home plate andmove towards the pitcher’s areaIf the ball is hit near the Foul Line, stayclose to the line to call Fair/FoulKeep your eyes on the ballJudge Catch/No CatchMove quickly towards the base where theplay will be madeYou may call and signal 'Time' when theball returns to the infield and all play hasceasedSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 49

Runner at Second BaseStarting positionTake a position behind the Catcher asdescribed in the Plate Umpire MechanicsOn every hit, move out in front of homeplateBall hit in the infieldHustle out in front of the home platetowards the pitcherIf the ball is hit near the Foul Line, stayclose the line to call Fair/FoulKeep your eyes on the ballLet the ball turn you into the playObserve the BR down the 1st base lineStop… Wait… Call and SignalWith the ball in the infield, you may call andsignal ‘Time’ when all play has ceasedBall hit to the outfieldHustle out in front of the home plate andmove towards the pitcher’s areaIf the ball is hit near the Foul Line, stayclose to the line to call Fair/FoulKeep your eyes on the ballJudge Catch/No CatchMove quickly towards the base where theplay will be madeYou may call and signal ‘Time’ when theball returns to the Infield and all play hasceasedSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 50

Runner at Third BaseStarting positionTake a position behind the Catcher asdescribed in the Plate Umpire MechanicsBall hit in the infieldMove into Foul Ball Territory toward thirdbaseIf the ball is hit near the Foul Line, stayclose the line to call Fair/FoulKeep your eyes on the ballLet the ball turn you into the playObserve the BR down the 1st base lineStop… Wait… Call and SignalWith the ball in the infield, you may call andsignal ‘Time’ when all play has ceasedBall hit in the outfieldMove into Foul Ball Territory toward thirdbaseIf the ball is hit near the Foul Line, stayclose to the line to call Fair/FoulKeep your eyes on the ballJudge Catch/No CatchMove quickly towards the base where theplay will be madeYou may call and signal ‘Time’ when theball returns to the Infield and all play hasceasedSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 51

Runners at First & Second BaseStarting positionTake a position behind the Catcher asdescribed in the Plate Umpire MechanicsOn every hit, move out in front of homeplateBall Hit in the InfieldHustle out in front of the home platetowards the pitcherIf the ball is hit near the Foul Line, stayclose the line to call Fair/FoulKeep your eyes on the ballLet the ball turn you into the playObserve the BR down the 1st base lineStop… Wait… Call and SignalWith the ball in the infield, you may call andsignal ‘Time’ when all play has ceasedBall hit to the outfieldHustle out in front of the home plate andmove towards the pitcher’s areaIf the ball is hit near the Foul Line, stayclose to the line to call Fair/FoulKeep your eyes on the ballJudge Catch/No CatchMove quickly towards the base where theplay will be madeYou may call and signal ‘Time’ when theball returns to the Infield and all play hasceasedSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 52

Runners at First & Third BaseStarting positionTake a position behind the Catcher asdescribed in the Plate Umpire MechanicsBall hit in the infieldMove into Foul ball territory toward thirdbaseIf the ball is hit near the Foul Line, stayclose to the line to call Fair/FoulKeep your eyes on the ballLet the ball turn you into the playObserve the BR down the 1st base lineStop… Wait… Call and SignalWith the ball in the infield, you may call andsignal ‘Time’ when all play has ceasedBall hit to the outfieldMove into Foul ball territory toward thirdbaseIf the ball is hit near the Foul Line, stayclose to the line to call Fair/FoulKeep your eyes on the ballJudge Catch/No CatchMove quickly towards the base where theplay will be madeYou may call and signal ‘Time’ when theball returns to the Infield and all play hasceasedSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 53

Runners at Second & Third BaseStarting positionTake a position behind the Catcher asdescribed in the Plate Umpire MechanicsBall Hit in the InfieldMove into Foul ball territory toward thirdbaseIf the ball is hit near the Foul Line, stayclose to the line to call Fair/FoulKeep your eyes on the ballLet the ball turn you into the playObserve the BR down the 1st base lineStop… Wait… Call and SignalWith the ball in the infield, you may call andsignal ‘Time’ when all play has ceasedBall hit to the outfieldMove into Foul ball territory toward thirdbaseIf the ball is hit near the Foul Line, stayclose to the line to call Fair/FoulKeep your eyes on the ballJudge Catch/No CatchMove quickly towards the base where theplay will be madeYou may call and signal ‘Time’ when theball returns to the Infield and all play hasceasedSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 54

Loaded BasesStarting positionTake a position behind the Catcher asdescribed in the Plate Umpire MechanicsBall Hit in the InfieldHustle out in front of the home platetowards the pitcherIf the ball is hit near the Foul Line, stayclose the line to call Fair/FoulKeep your eyes on the ballLet the ball turn you into the playObserve the BR down the 1st base lineStop… Wait… Call and SignalWith the ball in the infield, you may call andsignal ‘Time’ when all play has ceasedBall hit to the outfieldMove into Foul ball territory toward thirdbaseIf the ball is hit near the Foul Line, stayclose to the line to call Fair/FoulKeep your eyes on the ballJudge Catch/No CatchMove quickly towards the base where theplay will be madeYou may call and signal ‘Time’ when theball returns to the Infield and all play hasceasedSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 55

Two Umpire Rotation SystemThe two umpire rotation system, as implied by the word ‘rotation’, there is an expectation thatumpires move into positions appropriate for each play. The information referring to positioningand the calling of plays is written for ideal circumstances and for the best possible positioning forthe majority of plays. Proper positioning can be achieved if you think in terms of ‘keeping the playin front of you’. In order to do this there are four basic elements that must be kept in your vision.1. The ball,2. The defensive player making the play,3. The batter runner or runner and4. The base or area where the above elements meet.Three Basic PrinciplesThere are three basic principles that apply to the Two Umpire Rotation System; the divisionprinciple, the infield/outfield principle and the leading runner principle.1. The Division PrincipleThe home Plate Umpire takes all calls at Home Plate and third base and the Base Umpire takesall calls at first and second bases.Exceptions1 When the Batter Runner (BR) goes tothird base, the Base Umpire the takesBR to third2 On an Infield play, the Base Umpiretakes the first call on a base, even if itis at third base3 When a Runner steals to third base,the Base Umpire takes the call4 When the Base Umpire is positionedbetween second and third basesbefore the pitch and there is a pick-offplay by the Catcher to first base in anattempt to put out the Runner on firstbase. It is the home plate Umpire whotakes the call at first baseSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 56

2. The Infield/Outfield PrincipleWhen the ball is in the infield, the Base Umpire moves or stays in the outfield.When the ball is in the outfield, the Base Umpire moves to a position in the infield.3. The Leading Runner PrincipleThe base umpire should start in a position that is up with the lead runner. The expectation is that,on a pick-off play, (a play where the catcher attempts to put out a Runner leading off from a baseon the pitch) the catcher will play the lead runner and therefore the base umpire needs to be in aposition to make this call.Note:It is the responsibility of both umpires to ensure all bases are covered in Tag-Up (retouchingthe base after a fly ball is first touched on a catch) situations.All umpires must watch for, Tags, Obstruction, Interferences, Touched Bases, Runners passingeach other, Blocked Balls, etc.Prior to the pitch the umpire should stand relaxed. He should be focused on the pitch and thebatter, be ready and mobile for a possible play. During a call it is important to be still and focusedon the play in front of you.SAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 57

Between Inning PositionStarting positionPlate UmpireStand in a position just off the third base line inFoul Territory approximately one third of theway to third baseHustle the team off the field and the teamwhich has just batted onto the fieldStand facing the diamond with your handsrelaxed at your sidesObserve the Warm-Up Pitches (five allowedfor each pitcher in the first innings and witheach new pitcher. Then three warm uppitches are allowed at the start of each halfinnings)Let the Catcher know when the last Warm-UpPitch has been thrown, then say ‘one moreCatcher’Replenish extra ball supplySweep the home plate and then assume aposition behind the Catcher after the Warm-Up PitchesDuring the first half inning and when there is achange of pitchers, you may wish to put on themask and observe the Warm-Ups after making theline-up changes and announcing them to theOfficial ScorerBase UmpireStand in a position just off the first base line inFoul Territory approximately one third of theway to first baseHustle the teams on and off the fieldAfter the warm-up pitches, hustle to yourpreliminary starting position 5-6 metres (16-20 feet) behind the base, with the inner foot150 mm (6 inches) off the fair/foul line in foulterritory (measured from the outside of thefoot closest to the foul line).Stand facing the diamond with your handsrelaxed at your sidesSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 58

No Runners on BaseStarting positionPlate UmpireTake a position behind the Catcher asdescribed in The Plate Umpire MechanicsResponsible for:Illegal PitchesFair/Foul ballsBatting infractionsOn every hit ball, move out in front of the plateBase UmpireShare responsibility for calling Illegal PitchesFace in the direction of home plateAssume the ready positionSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 59

No Runners on BaseBall hit in the InfieldPlate UmpireHustle out in front of the home plate and trailthe BR toward first base (in Fair Territory)Keep your eyes on the ballResponsible for: Overthrow out of play Three Foot Line Interference Be prepared to assist your partner Watch the Runner(s) touch the base(s)Base UmpireWatch the ballTake two or three steps into Fair TerritoryLet the ball turn you into the playStop…. Wait… Call and SignalIn case of Overthrow, cut into the Infield andprepare to go to second and third baseMakes all calls on the first throw on all baseplaysWatch the Runner(s) touch base(s)SAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 60

No Runners on BaseBall Hit to the OutfieldPlate UmpireHustle out in front of the plate toward the flightof the ballKeep your eyes on the ballStraddle line on hits near Foul lineJudge Catch/No CatchWatch the Runner(s) touch base(s)On an Overthrow out of play: call/Signal‘Dead Ball’, award bases to the runner(s)Base UmpireRun into the Infield and keep the play in frontof youTake the BR into first, second and third baseWatch the Runner(s) touch base(s)SAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 61

Runner at First BaseStarting PositionPlate UmpireTake a position behind the Catcher asdescribed in The Plate Umpire MechanicsResponsible for:Illegal PitchesFair/Foul ballsBatting infractionsOn every hit ball, move out in front of the plateIf the ball is hit down the Foul line, move outand straddle the lineBase UmpireTake a position approximately half waybetween first and second base and outsidethe base lineFace in the direction of home plateGo into the ‘ready position’ when the pitcherstarts pitching motionShare responsibility for calling Illegal PitchesResponsible for lead-off callsSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 62

Runner at First BaseBall Hit in the InfieldPlate UmpireHustle out in front of the home plate and trailBR towards first base (in Fair Territory)Keep your eyes on the ballResponsible for:Overthrow out of playThree Foot Line InterferenceMove into Foul Territory and be prepared totake R1 into third base and homeMove quickly toward the base where the playis made.Let the ball turn you into the playStop… Wait… Call and SignalWatch the Runner(s) touch base(s)Base UmpireWatch the ballAnticipate a Double PlayMove quickly toward the base where the playis madeWatch the Runner(s) touch base(s)Let the ball turn you into the playStop… Wait… Call and SignalCall all plays made on the first throwSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 63

Runner at First BaseBall Hit to the OutfieldPlate UmpireHustle out in front of the plateKeep your eyes on the ballJudge Catch or No CatchResponsible for:Overthrow out of playFair/FoulMove into Foul Territory and be prepared totake R1 into third base and homeWatch the Runner(s) touch base(s)Base UmpireWatch the ballRun into the Infield and keep the play in frontof youTake the tag-up at first baseWatch the Runner(s) touch base(s)Take the BR into first, second and third baseSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 64

Runner at Second BaseStarting PositionPlate UmpireTake a position behind the Catcher asdescribed in The Plate Umpire MechanicsResponsible for:Illegal PitchesBase UmpireFair/Foul ballsBatting infractionsFace in the direction of home plateTake a position behind the shortstop(approximately half way between the bases)on the left side (second base side)Go into the ‘ready position’ when the pitcherstarts pitching motionShare responsibility for calling Illegal PitchesResponsible for all Lead Off callsSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 65

Runner at Second BaseBall Hit in the InfieldPlate UmpireHustle out in front of the plateWatch possible action at first base (i.e.Obstruction, spiking, Three Foot LineInterference, etc.)Responsible for:Overthrow out of playMove toward third baseThree Foot Line InterferenceMove into Foul Territory and prepare for a playat third base or home plateOn an Overthrow out of play: call/Signal‘Dead Ball’, award bases to the runner(s)Watch the Runner(s) touch base(s)Base UmpireWatch the ballSee where the play will be madeMove quickly to the base where the play ismadeLet the ball turn you into the playStop… Wait… Call and SignalCall all plays made on the first throwWatch the Runner(s) touch base(s)SAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 66

Runner at Second BaseBall Hit to the OutfieldPlate UmpireHustle out in front of the plateKeep your eyes on the ballMake position to Judge Catch or No CatchMove into Foul Territory and prepare for a playat home or move toward third base andprepare for a play at thirdMove quickly to the base where the play ismadeLet the ball turn you into the play Stop… Wait… Call and Signal Watch the Runner(s) touch base(s)Base UmpireKeep your eyes on the ballRun into the Infield and keep the play in frontof youMake position to watch the tag up of R2Watch the Runner(s) touch base(s)Take the BR into first, second and third baseMove quickly to the base where the play ismadeLet the ball turn you into the playStop… Wait… Call and SignalSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 67

Runner at Third BaseStarting PositionPlate UmpireTake a position behind the Catcher asdescribed in The Plate Umpire MechanicsResponsible for:Base UmpireIllegal PitchesFair/Foul ballsBatting infractionsFace in the direction of home plateTake a position behind the shortstop(approximately half way between the bases)on the right side (third base side)Go into the ‘ready position’ when the pitcherstarts pitching motionShare responsibility for calling Illegal PitchesResponsible for all Lead Off callsSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 68

Runner at Third BaseBall Hit in the InfieldPlate UmpireMove into Foul Territory toward third baseKeep your eyes on the ballSee where the play occursResponsible for: Overthrow out of play Three Foot Line Interference Anticipate a play at third base or home plate Watch the Runner(s) touch base(s)Base UmpireWatch the ballSee where the play will be madeAvoid a thrown ballMove quickly to the base where the play ismadeLet the ball turn you into the playStop… Wait… Call and SignalCall all plays made on the first throw of the ballon the basesWatch the Runner(s) touch base(s)SAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 69

Runner at Third BaseBall Hit to the OutfieldPlate UmpireMove into Foul Territory towards third baseKeep your eyes on the ballMake position to judge Fair/Foul, Catch/NoCatchTake the tag-up at third baseMove quickly to the base where the play ismade (third base or home)Let the ball turn you into the play Stop… Wait… Call and Signal Watch the Runner(s) touch base(s)Base UmpireWatch the ballRun into the Infield and keep the play in frontof youTake the BR into first baseWatch the Runner(s) touch base(s)SAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 70

Runners at First & SecondStarting PositionPlate UmpireTake a position behind the Catcher asdescribed in The Plate Umpire MechanicsResponsible for:Illegal PitchesBase UmpireFair/Foul ballsBatting infractionsInfield Fly (if less than two out)Face in the direction of home plateTake a position behind the shortstop(approximately half way between the bases)on the left side (second base side)Go into the ‘ready position’ when the pitcherstarts pitching motionShare responsibility for calling Illegal PitchesResponsible for all Lead Off callsSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 71

Runners at First & SecondBall Hit in the InfieldPlate UmpireMove out in front of home plateKeep your eyes on the ballResponsibility to judge Fair/Foul, Catch/NoCatchHesitate to see where the play occursResponsible for:Overthrow out of playThree Foot Line InterferenceMove into Foul Territory toward third baseAfter the first play on the Infield, responsiblefor succeeding plays at third base or homeplateWatch the Runner(s) touch base(s)Base UmpireWatch the ballWait at ‘H’ to see if F6 will make a play at first,second or third baseMove quickly to the base where the play ismadeCall all plays made on the first throw of the ballon the basesLet the ball turn you into the playStop… Wait… Call and SignalWatch the Runner(s) touch base(s)SAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 72

Runners at First & Second BaseHit to the OutfieldPlate UmpireMove out in front of the plateKeep your eyes on the ballMake position to judge Fair/Foul, Catch/NoCatchMove into Foul Territory toward third baseAnticipate a play at third or home plateMove quickly toward the base where the playis madeLet the ball turn you into the playStop… Wait… Call and SignalWatch the Runner(s) touch base(s)Assist your partnerBase UmpireWatch the ball.Run into the Infield and keep the play in frontof youTake the tag-ups at first and second baseTake R1 into second and the BR into first,second and third baseMove quickly toward the base where the playis madeLet the ball turn you into the playStop… Wait… Call and SignalWatch the Runner(s) touch base(s)SAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 73

Runners at First & Third BaseStarting PositionPlate UmpireTake a position behind the Catcher asdescribed in The Plate Umpire Mechanics Responsible for: -Base UmpireIllegal PitchesFair/Foul ballsBatting infractionsFace in the direction of home plateTake a position behind the shortstop(approximately half way between the bases)on the right side (second base side)Go into the ‘ready position’ when the pitcherstarts pitching motionShare responsibility for calling Illegal PitchesResponsible for all Lead Off callsSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 74

Runners at First & Third BaseBall Hit in the InfieldPlate UmpireMove into Foul Territory toward third baseKeep your eyes on the ballResponsible for: Overthrow out of play Three Foot Line InterferenceHesitate to see where the play occursAfter the first play on the Infield, responsiblefor succeeding plays at third base or homeplateWatch the Runner(s) touch base(s)Base UmpireWatch the ballWait to see if where the play will be madeMove quickly to the base where the play ismadeCall all plays made on the first throwLet the ball turn you into the playStop… Wait… Call and SignalWatch the Runner(s) touch base(s)SAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 75

Runners at First & Third BaseBall Hit to the OutfieldPlate UmpireMove into Foul Territory toward third baseKeep your eyes on the ballJudge Catch or No CatchMove to the holding position to watch the tagupat third baseAnticipate a play at third or home plateMove quickly toward the base where the playis madeLet the ball turn you into the playStop… Wait… Call and SignalWatch the Runner(s) touch base(s)Base UmpireWatch the ballRun into the Infield and keep the play in frontof youWatch the touches and tag-ups at first andsecond baseTake R1 into second and the BR into first,second and third baseMove quickly toward the base where the playis madeLet the ball turn you into the playStop… Wait… Call and SignalWatch the Runner(s) touch base(s)SAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 76

Runners at Second & Third BaseStarting PositionPlate UmpireTake a position behind the Catcher asdescribed in The Plate Umpire Mechanics Responsible for: -Base UmpireIllegal PitchesFair/Foul ballsBatting infractionsFace in the direction of home plateTake a position behind the shortstop(approximately half way between the bases)on the right side (third base side)Go into the ‘ready position’ when the pitcherstarts pitching motionShare responsibility for calling Illegal PitchesResponsible for all Lead Off callsSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 77

Runners at Second & Third BaseBall Hit in the InfieldPlate UmpireMove into Foul Territory toward third baseKeep your eyes on the ballWait, you are responsible for:Illegal PitchesFair/Foul ballsBatting infractionsMove quickly toward the base where they playis madeLet the ball turn you into the playStop… Wait… Call and SignalWatch the Runner(s) touch base(s)Base UmpireWatch the ballWait to see if where the play will be madeAvoid a thrown ball.Move quickly to the base where the play ismade.Let the ball turn you into the playStop… Wait… Call and SignalWatch the Runner(s) touch base(sSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 78

Runners at Second & Third BaseBall Hit to the OutfieldPlate UmpireMove into Foul Territory toward third baseKeep your eyes on the ballJudge Catch or No CatchWatch the tag-up at third baseAnticipate a play at third or home plateMove quickly toward the base where the playis madeLet the ball turn you into the play Stop… Wait… Call and Signal Watch the Runner(s) touch base(s)Base UmpireWatch the ballRun into the Infield and keep the play in frontof youWatch the touches and tag-ups at first andsecond baseTake R1 into second and the BR into first andsecond baseMove quickly toward the base where the playis madeLet the ball turn you into the playStop… Wait… Call and SignalWatch the Runner(s) touch base(s)SAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 79

Bases LoadedStarting PositionPlate UmpireTake a position behind the Catcher asdescribed in The Plate Umpire Mechanics Responsible for: -Base UmpireIllegal PitchesFair/Foul ballsBatting infractionsInfield Fly (if less than two out)Face in the direction of home plateTake a position behind the shortstop(approximately half way between the bases)on the right side (third base side)Go into the ‘ready position’ when the pitcherstarts pitching motionShare responsibility for calling Illegal PitchesResponsible for all Lead Off callsSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 80

Bases LoadedBall Hit to the InfieldPlate UmpireMove into Foul Territory toward third baseKeep your eyes on the ballYou are responsible for:Judging Fair or FoulOverthrow out of playThree-foot line InterferenceAnticipate a play at home plateMove quickly toward the base where they playis madeLet the ball turn you into the playStop… Wait… Call and Signal Note: A play at any base is a force play Watch the Runner(s) touch base(s)Base UmpireWatch the ball.Wait to see where the play will be madeMove quickly to the base where the play ismadeLet the ball turn you into the playStop… Wait… Call and SignalCall all plays made on the first throw of theball on the basesAvoid a thrown ball and RunnersWatch the Runner(s) touch base(s)SAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 81

Bases LoadedBall Hit to the OutfieldPlate UmpireMove into Foul Territory toward third baseKeep your eyes on the ballJudge Catch or No CatchWait to watch the tag-up at third baseAnticipate a play at third or home plateMove quickly toward the base where the playis madeLet the ball turn you into the playStop… Wait… Call and SignalWatch the Runner(s) touch base(s)Base UmpireWatch the ballRun into the Infield and keep the play in frontof youWatch the touches and tag-ups at first andsecond baseTake R1 into second and the BR into first,second and third baseMove quickly toward the base where the playis madeLet the ball turn you into the playStop… Wait… Call and SignalWatch the Runner(s) touch base(s)SAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 82

Two Umpire Rotation SystemSample Plays – Who Calls?1. Double Play (Infield Hit)- Call at 2nd base ___________________________- Call at 1st base ___________________________2. Force to 3rd (Infield Hit)- Tag by Shortstop on runner from 2nd base ___________________________- Call at 2nd base on force ___________________________- Call at 1st base ___________________________3. Squeeze play (Infield Hit)- Call at home plate on runner from 3rd base ___________________________- Call 1st base ___________________________4. Runner at 2nd (Infield Hit)- Tag by shortstop on runner from 2nd base ___________________________- Call at 1st base ___________________________5. Runner on 2nd (Infield Hit)- Call at 1st base ___________________________- Call at 3rd base ___________________________6. Force Home (Infield Hit)- Call at home plate ___________________________- Call at 3rd base ___________________________7. Force to 3rd (Infield Hit)- Call at 1st base ___________________________- Call at 3rd base ___________________________8. Force to 3rd (Outfield Hit) - Call at 3rd base ___________________________9. Runner at 2nd (Outfield Hit) - Call at 3rd ___________________________10. Runner at 3rd (Outfield Hit) – Call at 3rd on tag-up ___________________________11. Bases loaded (Outfield Hit) – Call at 2nd on tag-up ___________________________12. Runner at 3rd - Where does the base umpire stand ___________________________13. None On (Bunt) - Where does base umpire move to __________________________14. Runner at 1st (Steal to 3rd) - Call at 3rd base ___________________________15. Runner at 3rd (Pick-off by catcher at 3rd) ___________________________16. Force to 3rd (Pick-off by catcher at 1st) ___________________________SAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 83

Attachment 1OFFICIAL'S CODE OF CONDUCTIn addition to Softball Australia's values and general Code of Conduct, as an official appointed bySoftball Australia, a Member State or an affiliated association or club you must meet the followingrequirements in regard to your conduct during any activity held by or under the auspices ofSoftball Australia, a Member State or an affiliated association or club.1. Respect the rights, dignity and worth of all people, and refrain from any discriminatorypractices against any person regardless of age, gender, ethnic origin, religion or ability.2. Place the safety and welfare of the players/participants above all else.3. Be fair and impartial.4. Avoid any situation which may lead to a conflict of interest.5. Be courteous, respectful and open to discussion and interaction.6. Refrain from any form of personal abuse. This includes verbal, physical and emotional abuse.7. Refrain from any form of sexual harassment. This includes explicit, implicit, verbal and nonverbalsexual harassment.8. Make a commitment to providing a quality service to softball, to your affiliated club,association and state, and to Softball Australia by continually improving your officiatingknowledge and skill.a. Maintain and improve your accreditationb. Seek continual self-improvement through performance appraisal and ongoingeducation9. Be professional in your appearance and manner and accept responsibility for your actions.a. Display high standards in language, manner, punctuality, preparation and presentationb. Display control, respect, dignity and professionalism to all involved with softball,including opponents, coaches, officials, umpires, scorers, administrators, the media,parents and spectatorsc. Encourage others to demonstrate the same qualities10. Operate within the rules and spirit of the sport.a. Abide by and respect the policies governing softball and sport generally and theorganisations and individuals administering those policiesb. Reject the use of performance enhancing drugs in sport and abide by the anti-drugspolicies of the relevant national and international sporting organisations and governmentregulatory bodies11. Value the individual in sport.12. Do not tolerate acts of aggression.13. Encourage inclusivity and access to all areas of officiating.14. Refrain from engaging in any behaviour that is in breach of Softball Australia's MemberProtection Policy.SAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 84

The National Umpire Program of Softball Australia Limited (SAL) fosters the belief thatresponsibility for the ethical conduct of softball in Australia rests equally with umpires, players,administrators, coaches, spectators, the media, educators, parents, governments, and sponsors.The National Umpire Program promotes the belief that the duty of the umpire is to act as animpartial arbitrator of softball competition and this duty carries with it an obligation to perform withaccuracy, consistency, objectivity and the highest sense of integrity.The National Umpire Program recognises that to preserve and encourage confidence in theprofessionalism and integrity of umpiring, ethical behaviour must be fostered by all umpires.The National Umpire Program assists in promoting these beliefs not only within the softballcommunity but the wider community in general.In conjunction with the Umpire’s Code of Ethics -Umpires have the right to expect that:• their health and safety are paramount;• they are treated with courtesy, respect and openness;• they are not appointed to a level of competition beyond their level of competence; and• they have access to self improvement opportunities.SAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 85

OFFICIAL'S CODE OF CONDUCT AGREEMENT FORMName:_________________________________________________________[Please use block letters]Address:________________________________________________________Accreditation Level: ___________________ Year Attained: __________________DECLARATION:I have read the Softball Australia Limited (SAL) Official’s Code of Conduct and agree to abide bythis Code.I acknowledge that SAL may take disciplinary action against me if I breach the Official’s Code ofConduct.I understand that SAL is required to implement a complaints handling procedure in accordancewith the principles of natural justice, in the event of an allegation against me.I understand that this information is subject to the privacy policies of SAL & the Australian SportsCommission.Signature: ______________________________________Date: ___________________________SAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 86

Attachment 2LEVEL 1 ON DIAMOND COMPETENCY CHECKLISTUmpire’s Name: _________________________Association: ____________________Assessor’s Name: _________________________Date: _______________________GENERALAttitude Has a good attitude & approach to the game: Yes NoBetween Innings Stands in the correct position Yes NoSignalsHas generally correct signals for: Play Ball (Plate) Yes No Strike (Plate) Yes No Ball (Plate) Yes No Giving the Count (Plate) Yes No Fair Ball (Plate) Yes No Out Yes No Safe Yes NoGenerally applies the rules correctly Yes NoPLATE UMPIREPlate Mechanics Generally correct stance and movement Yes NoStrike Zone Generally consistent calls for Strike zone: Yes NoFoul Ball / Time / Dead Ball Yes NoBASE UMPIREPosition Generally stands in and moves to the correct position Yes NoCalls Generally makes the correct calls Yes NoNB: This may be completed by any softball official who has observed the applicant umpireachieve the desired level of competency. All competencies do not have to be observed in the onegame. Competency can be achieved over a number of the required five games.This is not to be treated as an examination; it is simply a checklist that the applicant iscompetent at entry level.SAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 87

Attachment 3LEVEL 1 ACCREDITATION APPLICATION FORMPERSONAL DETAILSSurname: ____________________________First Name: _____________________________Address: ______________________________________________________________________Suburb/Town: _____________________________Post Code: _____________Home Phone: ____________________________ Is this number silent? Yes / NoMobile Phone: ___________________________Email Address: _____________________________________Date of Birth: _____________OTHER CONTACT DETAILS (if postal address is different to above)Address: ______________________________________________________________________Suburb/Town: _____________________________Post Code: _____________REGISTRATIONName of Softball Association you are registered with:_____________________________________UMPIRE AGREEMENTBy signing below you declare that you have fulfilled all the required responsibilities to becomeaccredited as an umpire within the Softball Australia Limited National Accreditation System.Signature of Candidate: _______________________________ Date: ___________________SAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 88

RECOMMENDATIONAttached is:SAL Basic or National Rules Exam paper with resultPlay by the Rules Certificate – printedCode of Ethics – signedOn Diamond Competency Checklist – completed by a Softball officialAustralian Sports Commission NOAS application form - completed and $10 fee paidBy signing below you declare that you have assessed the competency of the umpire and yourecommend they be awarded the SAL Level 1 Umpire National Accreditation.Softball Officials Name: ________________________ Signature: _________________________Position Held: _______________________________ Date: ____________________________ALL COMPLETED DOCUMENTS NEED TO BE SENT TO YOUR STATE DIRECTOR OF UMPIRINGSAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 89

Attachment 4Application FormSoftball Australia - UmpireNational Officiating Accreditation Scheme( Fields Marked * are optional )Last NameFirst NameMiddle Name *Softball Australia ID No.(For Office Use Only)AddressTown/SuburbStatePostcodeDate of birth__ __/ __ __ / __ __ __ __Gender M / F (Circle one)Accreditation levelDate1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 / 6__ __/ __ __ / 20__ __(Circle one)Registration typeNew / Re-accreditation / Up-grading(Circle one)Request new ID card Y / N (Circle one)Aboriginal/Torres Strait Islander Y / N (Circle one)Local AssociationState AssociationHome PhoneWork Phone *Mobile Numberemail AddressSignature__ __/ __ __ / 20__ __DateFor Office UseSubscription paid Y / N Initials ______ Date: __ __ / __ __ /__ __SAL Level 1 Introductory Participants Manual. November 2010 v1.1 Final Page 90