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KNOTS, HITCHES, LASHINGS 273called Flemish, or German knot. Used for the samepurposes as the overhand knot, but more elegantand easier to untie. (See also p. 319.)Knots for Joining Ropes^ etc.—First are givenillustrations of two knots that never are to be used,because both are treacherous. The thief knot (Fig.102), with ends pointing in opposite directions, issure to slip. It is a bungled weaver's knot (compareFig. 105).The granny or lubber's knot (Fig 103) is formedby passing the end a in Fig. 104 over instead ofunder the end b, and then bending b down underit. The result is that the loops cross over andunder on opposite sides, instead of the same way onboth sides. Such a knot, when drawn taut, has itsends sticking out and away from the standing part,and it is very likely to slip.Reef Knot (Fig. 104).—Known also as squareor true knot. Will not slip, unless used in tying asmall cord or rope to a thicker one. So long as thetwo ends are of equal diameter this knot may berelied upon. It has the advantage of being easy tountie. To make it, cross the two ends, a under b^turn a over and under b, bring the two ends upaway from you, cross a under b, turn b under a,and draw taut by pulling the ends.To untie, if the rope or cord is stiff enough, seizethe standing part on each side, just outside the knot,push the hands together, and the loops slip over oneanother.If the material is limber, take one end inleft hand and the standing part of the same endin the other, pull hard on both, and the knot becomesdislocated so that it is easily undone.Surgeon's Knot.—This is the same as a reefknot except that, in making it, the end a is turnedtwice around the standing part of b before proceed'ing with the loop, just as in the double overhandknot (Fig. 100). It is used by surgeons in drawingtissue together, to prevent slipping of the firstturn of the knot (see Fig. 193).