User Manual - pancroma

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The default method is checked. The Nearest Neighbor method is a fast andsimple interpolation method that can work well in many cases. However it canresult in ragged edges in areas of abrupt color change.An iterative Laplacian method can alternatively be used. It is the default methodfor data sets where the panchromatic band is more than 2X the multispectralbands, for example pan sharpening Landsat with the SPOT panchromatic bandwhere the ratio is 3X. The Laplacian is relatively fast and it converges reliably.When you check this radio button, a text box will become visible so that you canspecify the number of iterations. The larger the number, the more likely theinterpolation will converge. However this is at the expense of greater processingtime.A problem with the Laplacian however is that it is not very efficient at extractinginformation from beyond its nearest neighbor pixels. This can start to affect theRGB image color quality for 4X data like WorldView2. To remedy this,PANCROMA TM can run a Thin Plate preprocessing interpolation algorithm if youinstruct it to. The Thin Plate algorithm is also fast and it reaches out beyondnearest neighbor pixels to interpolate. One disadvantage is that it can be noisy.That is why it may work better as a preprocessing step using relatively fewiterations than as a primary interpolation method.In order to select the Laplacian (or any other than the default Nearest Neighbormethod) check the ‘Activate Image Processing Routines’ check box on the mainwindow. When the image processing data input box becomes available, selectthe ‘Laplacian’ radio button in the ‘Interpolation Method’ data group. Once this isselected, two ‘Laplacian’ combo boxes and a ‘Thin Plate’ combo box will becomevisible. Select either standard Laplacian or modified Laplacian (Laplacian2).The Laplacian2 interpolation is a modified Laplacian algorithm that reaches outfurther beyond the target pixel in performing its interpolation. It improves pansharpening results for difficult 4X and 6X interpolations. You can add the desirednumber of Laplacian iterations fro the drop down menu. To add Thin Plateiterations, check the ‘Thin Plate Check Box’ and select your desired iterationsfrom its drop down combo box. These will be added to the Laplacian iterationsthat you specified in the pan sharpening data input box. The location of theInterpolation Method data group is shown in the figure below.Some 4X and 6X interpolations can be troublesome. The problem is that neitherthe Laplacian nor Thin Plate algorithms can be absolutely relied upon to producesmooth interpolations. In an interpolation algorithm, the source image pixels aretypically frozen and not modified by the interpolation in order to preserve the dataintegrity the relatively few known values. Rather than interpolating smoothly, theknown pixels may remain standing somewhat proud of the surroundinginterpolated pixels. This can occur under certain arrangements of source imagepixel values. The problem is shown below in an example interpolated hue file.53
This can result in artifacts in the pan sharpened image, as shown below.PANCROMA TM offers a third interpolation method based on an implementation ofthe Franklin Approximation algorithm implemented with an iterative linearequation solver. The Franklin Approximation algorithm can produce very goodresults. However, unlike the Laplacian and Thin Plate methods it cannot beimplemented as a convolution mask but instead requires solving a large numberof linear equations simultaneously in a sparse matrix configuration. As a result, itrequires too much RAM storage to interpolate full size Landsat of even SPOTdata sets. However it can be useful for smaller sets with panchromatic files up to54
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1. What Is PANCROMA TM ? ..........
Page 4 and 5: Compute Single Histogram...........
Page 6 and 7: 67. Tutorial - Pan Sharpening Full
Page 8 and 9: 2. What Useful Things Can PANCROMA
Page 10 and 11: 4. PANCROMA TM Features____________
Page 12 and 13: 5. System Requirements_____________
Page 14 and 15: 7. Getting Started_________________
Page 16 and 17: Each color and NIR band channel con
Page 18: determine if one number is differen
Page 21 and 22: will be shown at the bottom of the
Page 23 and 24: 12. File I/O_______________________
Page 25 and 26: 13. System Variables_______________
Page 27: 14. Display________________________
Page 30 and 31: 15. The PANCROMA User Interface____
Page 32: not find this file , you will be pr
Page 35 and 36: If you check the ‘Generate Graysc
Page 38 and 39: 19. Image Subsetting_______________
Page 40 and 41: IMPORTANT NOTE: There is a check bo
Page 42 and 43: IMPORTANT NOTE: Saving and opening
Page 44 and 45: When the Input Box becomes visible,
Page 46 and 47: 20. Batch Subsetting_______________
Page 48 and 49: 21. Quick Start - Pan Sharpening an
Page 50 and 51: During the internal processing of t
Page 52 and 53: is unlikely that the settings will
Page 56 and 57: around 4000 rows by 4000 columns. I
Page 58 and 59: the ‘Pan Sharpening Pre Processin
Page 60 and 61: lowerLimit upperLimitThe following
Page 62 and 63: Another type of unwanted artifact i
Page 64 and 65: matching algorithm to be applied. T
Page 66 and 67: 25. ENHG Algorithm - Manual Method_
Page 68 and 69: The next image is the result of pan
Page 70 and 71: 26. ENHG Algorithm - Automatic Meth
Page 72 and 73: Next, compute the XIONG file. Open
Page 74 and 75: The XIONG algorithm is one of the m
Page 76 and 77: 29. AJISANE Algorithm______________
Page 78 and 79: An example of a pan sharpened image
Page 80 and 81: The spectral match is indicated by
Page 82 and 83: You must be careful when selecting
Page 84: 31. ELIN Local Optimization Algorit
Page 87 and 88: IMPORTANT NOTE: Regions of high con
Page 89 and 90: Add the green band and the red band
Page 91 and 92: 33. Pan Sharpen Batch File Processi
Page 93 and 94: 34. Working with SPOT® Data_______
Page 95 and 96: the special image processing utilit
Page 97 and 98: 35. Working with ASTER Data________
Page 99 and 100: 36. Working with Formosat-2 Data___
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Page 103 and 104: ALI data is similar to Landsat with
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38. Working with Digital Globe® Da
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spectral transmission of the telesc
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ow. Make sure you check this before
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40. Working with Landsat Surface Re
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41. Working with Landsat GEOCOVER D
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foreground and background applicati
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GEOCOVER can offer a very attractiv
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After navigation and selecting your
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Although not designed as a data sou
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44. Working with USGS DOQQ and NAPP
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46. Working with MODIS Surface Refl
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47. Working with RapidEye Data_____
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The Transfer method processes the f
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using the PANCROMA TM ‘Preprocess
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and band 5 (MIR) also be input. Thi
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134
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50. Automatic Image Registration of
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The next two images are the registe
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At the present time, PANCROMA TM ca
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Since only a portion of EMR reachin
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144
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‘File’ | ‘Open’. After your
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Haze reduction may be useful in con
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Save your image using GeoTiff file
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The correction is made according to
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54. Image Processing Utilities - Gr
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Input Channel Adjust Group Utility
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55. Image Processing Utilities - SP
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56. Image Processing Utilities - AS
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57. Image Processing Utilities - Pa
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Channel Level AdjustPANCROMA TM pro
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ENHG Scale FactorThe ENHG slider ba
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59. Image Preprocessing____________
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select ‘File’ | ‘Open’ and
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Analyzer. Doubling is done by first
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high pixel brightness in one image
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There are a few rules of thumb rega
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You will need three control points
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• image resampling• geometric m
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ROWS groupsFirst row of dataSecond
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Where QCAL are the calibrated image
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When you select ‘OK’ the surfac
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The rendering below shows a color t
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Q cal = Quantized and calibrated st
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A section of a SPOT metadata file s
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Temperature (measured in degrees Ke
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Calibration requires multiplication
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NIR band, band 2 (green) and band 3
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and 1 (Brightness, a measure of soi
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X-Y Band Scatter PlotsA scatter plo
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presented. Check the ‘Compute Lin
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PANCROMA TM has a utility for regre
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60. Image Post Processing__________
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You can adjust weighting factors fo
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Unsupervised ClassificationUnsuperv
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214
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Grayscale and Color Image TilingIt
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GeoreferencingPANCROMA TM has a uti
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61. Spectral Analysis______________
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When you click ‘OK’, the select
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The plot shows all of the computed
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PANCROMA TM computed that the cover
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Landsat Reflectance Point Spectrum
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SPOT ® Point Spectrum Generator TM
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will become disabled and the Color
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When the ‘Zoom Disabled’ radio
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Digital spectra are recorded for mi
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The next step is to overlay the Lan
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http://www.science.aster.ersdac.or.
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Although the run was not successful
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The pan sharpened image was created
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Now select ‘Spectral Analysis’
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RapidEye ® Spectral Analyzer TMSpe
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Click ‘OK’. The TOA Reflectance
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The second plot is shown below, dis
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have to rationalize the file sizes.
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Euclidean Distance Fraction TM Anal
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The idea is to adjust the included
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In addition to Landsat 7, Spectral
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Low numbers mean high discriminatio
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Copyright USGSAlthough this data is
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Note that the band 6 (TIR) track ba
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higher (whiter) the grayscale pixel
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The table with the manually input r
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this does not correspond to physica
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L71005068_06820030919_B10.TIFL71005
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L71005068_06820040804_B50.TIFL71005
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278
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The parameters are as follows:Compu
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Object Oriented ClassificationPANCR
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to the other. For example a filter
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carefully. PANCROMA TM is able to p
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Landsat imageImage magnitude spectr
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Considerable smoothing has occurred
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IMPORTANT NOTE: In reality, the con
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The following is an example of an i
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In order to deconvolve using fixed
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63. Writing an Index File for an SR
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It will be saved as a .dat file. A
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64. Processing Huge Files and File
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My area of interest for this image
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306
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Now we will start the pan sharpenin
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66. Tutorial - Pan Sharpened Image
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The next step will be to create an
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The panchromatic image is the one i
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And my result looked like this:As y
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67. Tutorial - Pan Sharpening Full
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68. Tutorial - Gap Filling using Tr
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You can use the 'Max Cloud' drop do
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'Enter' and the Adjust file will be
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326
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PANCROMA TM does the rest after tha
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70. Tutorial - Gap Filling using Ha
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Another reason to keep the Search E
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Gap Filled Grayscale ImageGap Fille
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When you do so a batch processing d
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The images below show subsets taken
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340
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It is also apparent that the graysc
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73. Tutorial - Six File TERAS Batch
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common areas of both scenes. See th
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348
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Use the checked image processing ut
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IssuesAlthough the gap filling proc
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76. Tutorial - Pan Sharpening Lands
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77. Tutorial - Image Processing Wor
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From Next PageSection 13Subset One
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I again selected ‘Close Graphic I
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I then selected ‘Pan Sharpening
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the vegetation tones are still norm
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Reduction’ and then ‘Apply Cont
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acquired during different seasons o
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This image is better than the Trans
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I also prepared an image using the
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Full sized Landsat scenes can be pr
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78. Tutorial - Improving Image Qual
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The following image is the RGB colo
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Press ‘OK’. The transformed gra
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However it is close enough to illus
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The second image is a straightforwa
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It is also possible to combine the
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80. Pan Sharpened Image: Landsat Mo
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82. Pan Sharpened Image: Landsat De
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88. Pan Sharpened Image: EO-1 Mount
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Multiple Linear Regression, 205Mult
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