User Manual - pancroma

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10. Downloading Data________________________________________________________________The recommended first step in creating images is to get some Landsat data.Free Landsat data is available from several sites. Look athttp://www.<strong>pancroma</strong>.com/data.html for a complete listing of free sources. Onegood source is the USGS Glovis website at http://glovis.usgs.gov/. This websitewill permit you to download, free of charge, the necessary Landsat 7 or Landsat8 bands to create useful medium resolution color images. Such data is availablefrom other sources as well, for example the University of Maryland GLCF site athttp://glcf.umd.edu/.Unlike photographic data, satellite data is temporarily recorded digitally at thesatellite. As the satellite orbits the earth in a generally north-south direction, itssensors sweep an east-west path. This, combined with the rotation of the earthallows the satellite to record north-south strips of the earth’s surface. Thesestrips are segmented into rectangular sections and stored (after relaying to earthbase stations using a data downlink) as files of raster information. Once the rawdata is recorded at the earth station, it is processed and formatted into anappropriate file structure and metadata is associated with the file sets.Because the earth’s surface is large, a lot of data is recorded. As a result,Landsat files are large. Landsat data files are the largest that most people willever encounter in any context. ETM+ band files are approximately 60MB each,and you will need three of them. The ETM+ panchromatic (PAN) file is around250MB. Fortunately you only need one of these at a time. The size of these filesintroduces challenges for the user and even greater challenges for theprogrammer, challenges that will become apparent as you begin to work withthese files.The first step in acquiring your own Landsat data files is to navigate one of thefree data archives such as GLOVIS, Earth Explorer or one of several others.There is a video explaining how to use the GLOVIS site at the PANCROMAVideo web page at http://www.<strong>pancroma</strong>.com/videos.html. The followinginstructions are for the Landsat 7 GLCF site.The GLCF user interface, like most of those that you will encounter on satellitedata download sites can take a bit of effort to master. One possible method is asfollows: Right click on the area of interest on the map display. Repeat the clicksuntil you zoom in to the maximum magnification. Now select ETM+ by checkingthe box to the left of the screen. Then click on the Select Arrow icon (The arrowwith the +). Next click on a point at the area of interest on the map. A new imagewill form surrounded by a yellow border. The number of images in the display19
will be shown at the bottom of the map display. To view the area selected clickon a magnification block closer to the negative side to zoom out.You may see a message that there are more than 600 images in the selection orelse that there are no images in the selection, even though the screen may showonly a few images. This can usually be remedied by repeatedly clicking on therubber band or arrow icon, which will keep redrawing the image. Eventually, youwill see a notification that informs you that there are something like 44 images inthe selection.Once your images are available, you can select the ‘Preview and Download’icon. This will display a page with a list of Landsat data files. Under the ‘Type’column you will see the file type indicated, either GeoTiff or L1G. Either format isOK. Clicking on the ‘ID’ heading will select the file and display a thumbnail imageof the area of coverage. When you find the image you want, click on the‘Download’ button.A page containing a listing of the band, image and metadata files will then bepresented. The file name will look something like‘p174r084_7t20010711_z34_nn10.tif.gz’. You will need to download the files thatcontain the …nn10…; …nn20…; …nn30…; and …nn80… (for GeoTiff) or…’_B10…’; ‘…_B20…’ ‘…B30…’ and ‘…_B80…’ (for L1G) suffixes. (Landsatfiles are usually archived in either GeoTiff or L1G (which is actually a flat binaryformat. PANCROMA TM can read both.) These are the band1, band2, band3 andpanchromatic bands, respectively.The files are zipped to save storage space. If you are downloading an L1G file,you will also need the metadata file. (Because the format is flat binary, theformat has no ability to contain any metadata. This is stored in a separate ASCIIfile). The file has the suffix ‘.mht’. You will need this file as PANCROMA TMextracts important metadata from it during processing. It contains lots ofadditional useful information about your dataset that you can inspect in any wordprocessor or text editor.You should download these files into any convenient directory on your computer.After downloading the files, extract the band data using an unzipping utility like‘Winzip’ or the free GNU utility called ‘jZip’ available at http://www.jzip.com/.20
Page 2 and 3: 1. What Is PANCROMA TM ? ..........
Page 4 and 5: Compute Single Histogram...........
Page 6 and 7: 67. Tutorial - Pan Sharpening Full
Page 8 and 9: 2. What Useful Things Can PANCROMA
Page 10 and 11: 4. PANCROMA TM Features____________
Page 12 and 13: 5. System Requirements_____________
Page 14 and 15: 7. Getting Started_________________
Page 16 and 17: Each color and NIR band channel con
Page 18: determine if one number is differen
Page 23 and 24: 12. File I/O_______________________
Page 25 and 26: 13. System Variables_______________
Page 27: 14. Display________________________
Page 30 and 31: 15. The PANCROMA User Interface____
Page 32: not find this file , you will be pr
Page 35 and 36: If you check the ‘Generate Graysc
Page 38 and 39: 19. Image Subsetting_______________
Page 40 and 41: IMPORTANT NOTE: There is a check bo
Page 42 and 43: IMPORTANT NOTE: Saving and opening
Page 44 and 45: When the Input Box becomes visible,
Page 46 and 47: 20. Batch Subsetting_______________
Page 48 and 49: 21. Quick Start - Pan Sharpening an
Page 50 and 51: During the internal processing of t
Page 52 and 53: is unlikely that the settings will
Page 54 and 55: The default method is checked. The
Page 56 and 57: around 4000 rows by 4000 columns. I
Page 58 and 59: the ‘Pan Sharpening Pre Processin
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Page 64 and 65: matching algorithm to be applied. T
Page 66 and 67: 25. ENHG Algorithm - Manual Method_
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26. ENHG Algorithm - Automatic Meth
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Next, compute the XIONG file. Open
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The XIONG algorithm is one of the m
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29. AJISANE Algorithm______________
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An example of a pan sharpened image
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The spectral match is indicated by
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You must be careful when selecting
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31. ELIN Local Optimization Algorit
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IMPORTANT NOTE: Regions of high con
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Add the green band and the red band
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33. Pan Sharpen Batch File Processi
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34. Working with SPOT® Data_______
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the special image processing utilit
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35. Working with ASTER Data________
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36. Working with Formosat-2 Data___
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100
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ALI data is similar to Landsat with
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38. Working with Digital Globe® Da
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spectral transmission of the telesc
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ow. Make sure you check this before
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40. Working with Landsat Surface Re
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41. Working with Landsat GEOCOVER D
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foreground and background applicati
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GEOCOVER can offer a very attractiv
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After navigation and selecting your
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Although not designed as a data sou
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44. Working with USGS DOQQ and NAPP
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46. Working with MODIS Surface Refl
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47. Working with RapidEye Data_____
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The Transfer method processes the f
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using the PANCROMA TM ‘Preprocess
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and band 5 (MIR) also be input. Thi
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134
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50. Automatic Image Registration of
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The next two images are the registe
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At the present time, PANCROMA TM ca
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Since only a portion of EMR reachin
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144
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‘File’ | ‘Open’. After your
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Haze reduction may be useful in con
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Save your image using GeoTiff file
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The correction is made according to
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54. Image Processing Utilities - Gr
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Input Channel Adjust Group Utility
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55. Image Processing Utilities - SP
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56. Image Processing Utilities - AS
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57. Image Processing Utilities - Pa
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Channel Level AdjustPANCROMA TM pro
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ENHG Scale FactorThe ENHG slider ba
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59. Image Preprocessing____________
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select ‘File’ | ‘Open’ and
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Analyzer. Doubling is done by first
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high pixel brightness in one image
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There are a few rules of thumb rega
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You will need three control points
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• image resampling• geometric m
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ROWS groupsFirst row of dataSecond
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Where QCAL are the calibrated image
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When you select ‘OK’ the surfac
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The rendering below shows a color t
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Q cal = Quantized and calibrated st
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A section of a SPOT metadata file s
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Temperature (measured in degrees Ke
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Calibration requires multiplication
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NIR band, band 2 (green) and band 3
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and 1 (Brightness, a measure of soi
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X-Y Band Scatter PlotsA scatter plo
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presented. Check the ‘Compute Lin
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PANCROMA TM has a utility for regre
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60. Image Post Processing__________
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You can adjust weighting factors fo
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Unsupervised ClassificationUnsuperv
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214
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Grayscale and Color Image TilingIt
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GeoreferencingPANCROMA TM has a uti
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61. Spectral Analysis______________
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When you click ‘OK’, the select
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The plot shows all of the computed
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PANCROMA TM computed that the cover
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Landsat Reflectance Point Spectrum
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SPOT ® Point Spectrum Generator TM
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will become disabled and the Color
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When the ‘Zoom Disabled’ radio
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Digital spectra are recorded for mi
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The next step is to overlay the Lan
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http://www.science.aster.ersdac.or.
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Although the run was not successful
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The pan sharpened image was created
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Now select ‘Spectral Analysis’
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RapidEye ® Spectral Analyzer TMSpe
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Click ‘OK’. The TOA Reflectance
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The second plot is shown below, dis
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have to rationalize the file sizes.
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Euclidean Distance Fraction TM Anal
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The idea is to adjust the included
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In addition to Landsat 7, Spectral
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Low numbers mean high discriminatio
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Copyright USGSAlthough this data is
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Note that the band 6 (TIR) track ba
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higher (whiter) the grayscale pixel
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The table with the manually input r
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this does not correspond to physica
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L71005068_06820030919_B10.TIFL71005
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L71005068_06820040804_B50.TIFL71005
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278
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The parameters are as follows:Compu
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Object Oriented ClassificationPANCR
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to the other. For example a filter
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carefully. PANCROMA TM is able to p
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Landsat imageImage magnitude spectr
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Considerable smoothing has occurred
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IMPORTANT NOTE: In reality, the con
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The following is an example of an i
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In order to deconvolve using fixed
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63. Writing an Index File for an SR
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It will be saved as a .dat file. A
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64. Processing Huge Files and File
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My area of interest for this image
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306
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Now we will start the pan sharpenin
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66. Tutorial - Pan Sharpened Image
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The next step will be to create an
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The panchromatic image is the one i
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And my result looked like this:As y
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67. Tutorial - Pan Sharpening Full
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68. Tutorial - Gap Filling using Tr
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You can use the 'Max Cloud' drop do
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'Enter' and the Adjust file will be
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326
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PANCROMA TM does the rest after tha
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70. Tutorial - Gap Filling using Ha
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Another reason to keep the Search E
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Gap Filled Grayscale ImageGap Fille
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When you do so a batch processing d
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The images below show subsets taken
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340
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It is also apparent that the graysc
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73. Tutorial - Six File TERAS Batch
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common areas of both scenes. See th
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348
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Use the checked image processing ut
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IssuesAlthough the gap filling proc
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76. Tutorial - Pan Sharpening Lands
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77. Tutorial - Image Processing Wor
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From Next PageSection 13Subset One
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I again selected ‘Close Graphic I
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I then selected ‘Pan Sharpening
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the vegetation tones are still norm
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Reduction’ and then ‘Apply Cont
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acquired during different seasons o
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This image is better than the Trans
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I also prepared an image using the
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Full sized Landsat scenes can be pr
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78. Tutorial - Improving Image Qual
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The following image is the RGB colo
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Press ‘OK’. The transformed gra
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However it is close enough to illus
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The second image is a straightforwa
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It is also possible to combine the
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80. Pan Sharpened Image: Landsat Mo
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82. Pan Sharpened Image: Landsat De
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88. Pan Sharpened Image: EO-1 Mount
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Multiple Linear Regression, 205Mult
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