User Manual - pancroma

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Landsat 7 Top of Atmosphere ReflectanceRaw Landsat data is designed ‘Level 0’ by NASA and the USGS. Level 0 data isthe raw telemetry from the satellite. In order to be usable, this data must becorrected and processed. All commonly available Landsat data has beenradiometrically corrected to Level 1 standard. According to the Landsat 7 DataUsers Handbook, Level 1 processing algorithms include:• Payload Correction Data (PCD) processing• Mirror Scan Correction Data (MSCD) processing• ETM+/Landsat 7 sensor/platform geometric model creation• sensor line of sight generation and projection• output space/input space correction grid generation179
• image resampling• geometric model precision correction using ground control• terrain correctionThe terrain (T) and geometric (G) corrections are as described athttp://landsathandbook.gsfc.nasa.gov/data_prod/prog_sect11_3.html. Thisreference also states that during 1G product rendering image pixels areconverted to units of absolute radiance using 32 bit floating pointcalculations. Pixel values are then scaled to byte values prior to mediaoutput. The following equation is used to convert DN's in a 1G product backto radiance units:Lλ = Grescale * QCAL + BrescalePublished Landsat data is corrected using algorithms 1-8, listed above. Theterrain correction using a DEM is only applied for L1T, and not L1G. It is possibleto convert from DNs to radiances using the band gain and bias parameters inthe Landsat metadata. (DNs or Digital Numbers are sensed radiation quantizedto discrete levels, for example 0-255 for Landsat data.)Conducting analyses using Landsat data (for example NDVI analysis) may ormay not require further processing. NDVI or other image parameters can becomputed using uncorrected DNs from L1T data and the index can besuccessfully used to highlight vegetative areas in an L1T color composite image.However, problems could be introduced when comparing derived imagecharacteristics or statistics using DNs between one Landsat scene and another,or between two Landsat scenes acquired at different dates.The problem is that the parameter that you are interested will probably be relatedto ground reflectance, i.e. the light reflected off the earth’s surface if you werestanding next to the plant and aiming a spectrophotometer at it. You couldcollect data during different seasons or during different years and drawconclusions from the readings if you took into account the differences in theincident solar radiation as a function of solar zenith angle, atmosphericcharacteristics and other factors.Comparing DNs acquired by a satellite in a similar fashion can lead to problemsbecause even though the Landsat DNs have been calibrated and processed,they have been acquired under different lighting and atmospheric conditions.This can be partially corrected by working with Top of Atmosphere (TOA)reflectance’s rather than DNs. There are of course a great many other factorsthat could influence the validity of such comparisons. The USGS tutorial postedat http://www.pancroma.com/data that you can download has a lot moreinformation on atmospheric physics and corrections. Also see the paper entitled“Measuring Urban Air Quality Using Worldview2 Multiangle Multispectral BandData” published at http://www.pancromap.com/whitePapers.html.180
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1. What Is PANCROMA TM ? ..........
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Compute Single Histogram...........
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67. Tutorial - Pan Sharpening Full
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2. What Useful Things Can PANCROMA
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4. PANCROMA TM Features____________
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5. System Requirements_____________
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7. Getting Started_________________
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Each color and NIR band channel con
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determine if one number is differen
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will be shown at the bottom of the
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12. File I/O_______________________
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13. System Variables_______________
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14. Display________________________
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15. The PANCROMA User Interface____
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not find this file , you will be pr
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If you check the ‘Generate Graysc
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19. Image Subsetting_______________
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IMPORTANT NOTE: There is a check bo
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IMPORTANT NOTE: Saving and opening
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When the Input Box becomes visible,
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20. Batch Subsetting_______________
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21. Quick Start - Pan Sharpening an
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During the internal processing of t
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is unlikely that the settings will
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The default method is checked. The
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around 4000 rows by 4000 columns. I
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the ‘Pan Sharpening Pre Processin
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lowerLimit upperLimitThe following
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Another type of unwanted artifact i
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matching algorithm to be applied. T
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25. ENHG Algorithm - Manual Method_
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The next image is the result of pan
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26. ENHG Algorithm - Automatic Meth
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Next, compute the XIONG file. Open
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The XIONG algorithm is one of the m
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29. AJISANE Algorithm______________
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An example of a pan sharpened image
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The spectral match is indicated by
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You must be careful when selecting
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31. ELIN Local Optimization Algorit
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IMPORTANT NOTE: Regions of high con
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Add the green band and the red band
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33. Pan Sharpen Batch File Processi
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34. Working with SPOT® Data_______
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the special image processing utilit
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35. Working with ASTER Data________
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36. Working with Formosat-2 Data___
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100
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ALI data is similar to Landsat with
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38. Working with Digital Globe® Da
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spectral transmission of the telesc
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ow. Make sure you check this before
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40. Working with Landsat Surface Re
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41. Working with Landsat GEOCOVER D
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foreground and background applicati
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GEOCOVER can offer a very attractiv
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After navigation and selecting your
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Although not designed as a data sou
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44. Working with USGS DOQQ and NAPP
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46. Working with MODIS Surface Refl
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47. Working with RapidEye Data_____
Page 129 and 130: The Transfer method processes the f
Page 131 and 132: using the PANCROMA TM ‘Preprocess
Page 133 and 134: and band 5 (MIR) also be input. Thi
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Page 137 and 138: 50. Automatic Image Registration of
Page 139 and 140: The next two images are the registe
Page 141 and 142: At the present time, PANCROMA TM ca
Page 143 and 144: Since only a portion of EMR reachin
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Page 147 and 148: ‘File’ | ‘Open’. After your
Page 149 and 150: Haze reduction may be useful in con
Page 151 and 152: Save your image using GeoTiff file
Page 153 and 154: The correction is made according to
Page 155 and 156: 54. Image Processing Utilities - Gr
Page 157 and 158: Input Channel Adjust Group Utility
Page 159 and 160: 55. Image Processing Utilities - SP
Page 161 and 162: 56. Image Processing Utilities - AS
Page 163 and 164: 57. Image Processing Utilities - Pa
Page 165 and 166: Channel Level AdjustPANCROMA TM pro
Page 167 and 168: ENHG Scale FactorThe ENHG slider ba
Page 169 and 170: 59. Image Preprocessing____________
Page 171 and 172: select ‘File’ | ‘Open’ and
Page 173 and 174: Analyzer. Doubling is done by first
Page 175 and 176: high pixel brightness in one image
Page 177 and 178: There are a few rules of thumb rega
Page 179: You will need three control points
Page 183 and 184: ROWS groupsFirst row of dataSecond
Page 185 and 186: Where QCAL are the calibrated image
Page 187 and 188: When you select ‘OK’ the surfac
Page 189 and 190: The rendering below shows a color t
Page 191 and 192: Q cal = Quantized and calibrated st
Page 193 and 194: A section of a SPOT metadata file s
Page 195 and 196: Temperature (measured in degrees Ke
Page 197 and 198: Calibration requires multiplication
Page 199 and 200: NIR band, band 2 (green) and band 3
Page 201 and 202: and 1 (Brightness, a measure of soi
Page 203 and 204: X-Y Band Scatter PlotsA scatter plo
Page 205 and 206: presented. Check the ‘Compute Lin
Page 207 and 208: PANCROMA TM has a utility for regre
Page 209 and 210: 60. Image Post Processing__________
Page 211 and 212: You can adjust weighting factors fo
Page 213 and 214: Unsupervised ClassificationUnsuperv
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Page 217 and 218: Grayscale and Color Image TilingIt
Page 219 and 220: GeoreferencingPANCROMA TM has a uti
Page 221 and 222: 61. Spectral Analysis______________
Page 223 and 224: When you click ‘OK’, the select
Page 225 and 226: The plot shows all of the computed
Page 227 and 228: PANCROMA TM computed that the cover
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SPOT ® Point Spectrum Generator TM
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will become disabled and the Color
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When the ‘Zoom Disabled’ radio
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Digital spectra are recorded for mi
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The next step is to overlay the Lan
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http://www.science.aster.ersdac.or.
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Although the run was not successful
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The pan sharpened image was created
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Now select ‘Spectral Analysis’
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RapidEye ® Spectral Analyzer TMSpe
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Click ‘OK’. The TOA Reflectance
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The second plot is shown below, dis
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have to rationalize the file sizes.
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Euclidean Distance Fraction TM Anal
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The idea is to adjust the included
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In addition to Landsat 7, Spectral
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Low numbers mean high discriminatio
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Copyright USGSAlthough this data is
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Note that the band 6 (TIR) track ba
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higher (whiter) the grayscale pixel
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The table with the manually input r
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this does not correspond to physica
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L71005068_06820030919_B10.TIFL71005
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L71005068_06820040804_B50.TIFL71005
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278
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The parameters are as follows:Compu
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Object Oriented ClassificationPANCR
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to the other. For example a filter
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carefully. PANCROMA TM is able to p
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Landsat imageImage magnitude spectr
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Considerable smoothing has occurred
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IMPORTANT NOTE: In reality, the con
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The following is an example of an i
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In order to deconvolve using fixed
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63. Writing an Index File for an SR
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It will be saved as a .dat file. A
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64. Processing Huge Files and File
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My area of interest for this image
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306
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Now we will start the pan sharpenin
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66. Tutorial - Pan Sharpened Image
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The next step will be to create an
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The panchromatic image is the one i
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And my result looked like this:As y
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67. Tutorial - Pan Sharpening Full
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68. Tutorial - Gap Filling using Tr
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You can use the 'Max Cloud' drop do
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'Enter' and the Adjust file will be
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PANCROMA TM does the rest after tha
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70. Tutorial - Gap Filling using Ha
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Another reason to keep the Search E
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Gap Filled Grayscale ImageGap Fille
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When you do so a batch processing d
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The images below show subsets taken
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340
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It is also apparent that the graysc
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73. Tutorial - Six File TERAS Batch
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common areas of both scenes. See th
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348
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Use the checked image processing ut
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IssuesAlthough the gap filling proc
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76. Tutorial - Pan Sharpening Lands
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77. Tutorial - Image Processing Wor
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From Next PageSection 13Subset One
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I again selected ‘Close Graphic I
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I then selected ‘Pan Sharpening
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the vegetation tones are still norm
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Reduction’ and then ‘Apply Cont
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acquired during different seasons o
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This image is better than the Trans
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I also prepared an image using the
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Full sized Landsat scenes can be pr
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78. Tutorial - Improving Image Qual
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The following image is the RGB colo
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Press ‘OK’. The transformed gra
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However it is close enough to illus
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The second image is a straightforwa
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It is also possible to combine the
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80. Pan Sharpened Image: Landsat Mo
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82. Pan Sharpened Image: Landsat De
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88. Pan Sharpened Image: EO-1 Mount
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Multiple Linear Regression, 205Mult
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