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37. Working with EO-1 ALI Data________________________________________________________________The NASA EO-1 (Earth Observing-1) satellite was launched on November 21,2000 from Vandenberg Air Force Base, California. The satellite was designedas a prototype for testing new multispectral and hyperspectral hardware conceptsfor the next generation Landsat platform. EO-1 carries two sensors. TheAdvanced Land Imager (ALI) is a multispectral sensor sampling a spectrum thatranges from 0.43 to 2.40 microns. Its bands resemble those of Landsat in manyrespects. Hyperion is a hyperspectral sensor, meaning that its bandscontinuously span the same spectrum from 0.43 to 2.40 microns. Thecharacteristics of the two sensor suites are summarized in the following table:Mode:Spectral bands (mkm):Hyperion0.43-2.40(220 bands)ALIMultispectral0.433-0.4530.450-0.5150.525-0.6050.630-0.6900.775-0.8050.845-0.8901.200-1.3001.550-1.7502.080-2.350Spatial resolution: 30 m 30 m 10 mSwatch Width:Data transmission rate:Radiometric resolution:Revisit time:7.7 km105 Mbits/sec16 bits per pixel16 days (depending on altitude)Panchromatic0.480-0.690EO-1 ALI data is offered free of charge at the USGS Earth Explorer and GLOVISwebsites. The data may be accessed by selecting the EO-1 ALI check box andsearching the UI map. Although about 60,000 ALI images have been capturedand archived, global coverage is far from complete. Some regions (for examplepopulated areas of North America and Europe) are fairly well covered withmultiple scenes of the same location. Other areas are covered very sparsely.This is a major and serious drawback for this data set.101
ALI data is similar to Landsat with a few differences. The first major difference isthe dynamic range of the ALI data: 16 bits versus 8 bits for Landsat. In order tobe displayed as an image by standard desktop computing equipment, the 16 bitdata must be scaled to accommodate an 8-bit grayscale or RGB color model.PANCROMA TM handles this the same way it handles 11 bit Digital Globe data,by scaling by a ratio of 255/MAX_VALUE where MAX_VALUE is the largest DNvalue in the image.Alternatively every DN can be divided by successive multiples of two (bit shift).The former is the PANCROMA TM default while the latter can be accomplished bychecking the ‘Bit Shift Enable’ check box on the PANCROMA TM ImageProcessing Data Input screen. In either case, after extracting all of the band filesfrom the .tar.gz file, each band must be loaded (‘File’ | ‘Open’ | ‘Display Files’ |‘Display Single Grayscale Image’), scaled (‘Activate Image Processing Routines’check box or alternatively accept default method), and then saved to disk afterscaling.The second difference is the number and arrangement of the band files. Landsathas 8 30m multispectral bands plus a 15m panchromatic band. ALI has 9 30mmultispectral bands plus a 10m panchromatic band. As a result, bands 3, 4 and5 correspond to Landsat bands 1, 2 and 3 while ALI band 1 (panchromatic)corresponds to Landsat band 8.The ALI multispectral bands are not even multiples of the panchromatic band.As a result, all of the band files (both multispectral and panchromatic) must bedecreased by exactly one row and one column. You can accomplish this usingthe PANCROMA TM ‘Pre Process’ | ‘Rescale‘ | ‘Rescale Three Images’ and ‘PreProcess’ | ‘Rescale‘ | ‘Rescale Single Image’ selections.After resizing, you can pan sharpen the multispectal band files as usual. Sincethe panchromatic band is three times the resolution of the multispectral bands,the Laplacian interpolation will be the default and it will be necessary to use theappropriate number of iterations (at least 40) to process the hue and saturationimages. Note that since the panchromatic band spectral range exactly matchesthe combined range of the RGB bands, NIR processing techniques such asXIONG and ENHG are not generally helpful.IMPORTANT NOTE: EO-1 files must be individually converted from 16-bit to 8-bit format before subsequent processing. It is not possible to open multiple EO-1files and directly create a RGB color composite, for example.IMPORTANT NOTE: The simple nearest neighbor interpolation that is thedefault for Landsat processing will not work for the 3:1 size ration of EO-1 ALI.Laplacian interpolation is the default with 40 iterations. If you wish to increase ordecrease the iterations you should check the ‘Activate Image ProcessingRoutines’ and modify the ‘Interpolation Method’ data entry panel.102
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1. What Is PANCROMA TM ? ..........
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Compute Single Histogram...........
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67. Tutorial - Pan Sharpening Full
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2. What Useful Things Can PANCROMA
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4. PANCROMA TM Features____________
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5. System Requirements_____________
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7. Getting Started_________________
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Each color and NIR band channel con
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determine if one number is differen
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will be shown at the bottom of the
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12. File I/O_______________________
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13. System Variables_______________
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14. Display________________________
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15. The PANCROMA User Interface____
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not find this file , you will be pr
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If you check the ‘Generate Graysc
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19. Image Subsetting_______________
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IMPORTANT NOTE: There is a check bo
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IMPORTANT NOTE: Saving and opening
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When the Input Box becomes visible,
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20. Batch Subsetting_______________
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21. Quick Start - Pan Sharpening an
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During the internal processing of t
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Page 64 and 65: matching algorithm to be applied. T
Page 66 and 67: 25. ENHG Algorithm - Manual Method_
Page 68 and 69: The next image is the result of pan
Page 70 and 71: 26. ENHG Algorithm - Automatic Meth
Page 72 and 73: Next, compute the XIONG file. Open
Page 74 and 75: The XIONG algorithm is one of the m
Page 76 and 77: 29. AJISANE Algorithm______________
Page 78 and 79: An example of a pan sharpened image
Page 80 and 81: The spectral match is indicated by
Page 82 and 83: You must be careful when selecting
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Page 87 and 88: IMPORTANT NOTE: Regions of high con
Page 89 and 90: Add the green band and the red band
Page 91 and 92: 33. Pan Sharpen Batch File Processi
Page 93 and 94: 34. Working with SPOT® Data_______
Page 95 and 96: the special image processing utilit
Page 97 and 98: 35. Working with ASTER Data________
Page 99 and 100: 36. Working with Formosat-2 Data___
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Page 105 and 106: 38. Working with Digital Globe® Da
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Page 109 and 110: ow. Make sure you check this before
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Page 113 and 114: 41. Working with Landsat GEOCOVER D
Page 115 and 116: foreground and background applicati
Page 117 and 118: GEOCOVER can offer a very attractiv
Page 119 and 120: After navigation and selecting your
Page 121 and 122: Although not designed as a data sou
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Page 125 and 126: 46. Working with MODIS Surface Refl
Page 127 and 128: 47. Working with RapidEye Data_____
Page 129 and 130: The Transfer method processes the f
Page 131 and 132: using the PANCROMA TM ‘Preprocess
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Page 137 and 138: 50. Automatic Image Registration of
Page 139 and 140: The next two images are the registe
Page 141 and 142: At the present time, PANCROMA TM ca
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Page 147 and 148: ‘File’ | ‘Open’. After your
Page 149 and 150: Haze reduction may be useful in con
Page 151 and 152: Save your image using GeoTiff file
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The correction is made according to
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54. Image Processing Utilities - Gr
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Input Channel Adjust Group Utility
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55. Image Processing Utilities - SP
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56. Image Processing Utilities - AS
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57. Image Processing Utilities - Pa
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Channel Level AdjustPANCROMA TM pro
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ENHG Scale FactorThe ENHG slider ba
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59. Image Preprocessing____________
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select ‘File’ | ‘Open’ and
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Analyzer. Doubling is done by first
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high pixel brightness in one image
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There are a few rules of thumb rega
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You will need three control points
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• image resampling• geometric m
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ROWS groupsFirst row of dataSecond
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Where QCAL are the calibrated image
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When you select ‘OK’ the surfac
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The rendering below shows a color t
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Q cal = Quantized and calibrated st
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A section of a SPOT metadata file s
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Temperature (measured in degrees Ke
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Calibration requires multiplication
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NIR band, band 2 (green) and band 3
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and 1 (Brightness, a measure of soi
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X-Y Band Scatter PlotsA scatter plo
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presented. Check the ‘Compute Lin
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PANCROMA TM has a utility for regre
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60. Image Post Processing__________
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You can adjust weighting factors fo
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Unsupervised ClassificationUnsuperv
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214
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Grayscale and Color Image TilingIt
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GeoreferencingPANCROMA TM has a uti
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61. Spectral Analysis______________
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When you click ‘OK’, the select
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The plot shows all of the computed
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PANCROMA TM computed that the cover
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Landsat Reflectance Point Spectrum
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SPOT ® Point Spectrum Generator TM
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will become disabled and the Color
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When the ‘Zoom Disabled’ radio
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Digital spectra are recorded for mi
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The next step is to overlay the Lan
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http://www.science.aster.ersdac.or.
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Although the run was not successful
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The pan sharpened image was created
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Now select ‘Spectral Analysis’
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RapidEye ® Spectral Analyzer TMSpe
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Click ‘OK’. The TOA Reflectance
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The second plot is shown below, dis
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have to rationalize the file sizes.
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Euclidean Distance Fraction TM Anal
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The idea is to adjust the included
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In addition to Landsat 7, Spectral
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Low numbers mean high discriminatio
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Copyright USGSAlthough this data is
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Note that the band 6 (TIR) track ba
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higher (whiter) the grayscale pixel
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The table with the manually input r
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this does not correspond to physica
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L71005068_06820030919_B10.TIFL71005
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L71005068_06820040804_B50.TIFL71005
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278
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The parameters are as follows:Compu
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Object Oriented ClassificationPANCR
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to the other. For example a filter
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carefully. PANCROMA TM is able to p
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Landsat imageImage magnitude spectr
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Considerable smoothing has occurred
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IMPORTANT NOTE: In reality, the con
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The following is an example of an i
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In order to deconvolve using fixed
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63. Writing an Index File for an SR
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It will be saved as a .dat file. A
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64. Processing Huge Files and File
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My area of interest for this image
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306
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Now we will start the pan sharpenin
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66. Tutorial - Pan Sharpened Image
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The next step will be to create an
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The panchromatic image is the one i
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And my result looked like this:As y
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67. Tutorial - Pan Sharpening Full
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68. Tutorial - Gap Filling using Tr
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You can use the 'Max Cloud' drop do
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'Enter' and the Adjust file will be
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PANCROMA TM does the rest after tha
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70. Tutorial - Gap Filling using Ha
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Another reason to keep the Search E
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Gap Filled Grayscale ImageGap Fille
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When you do so a batch processing d
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The images below show subsets taken
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340
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It is also apparent that the graysc
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73. Tutorial - Six File TERAS Batch
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common areas of both scenes. See th
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348
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Use the checked image processing ut
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IssuesAlthough the gap filling proc
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76. Tutorial - Pan Sharpening Lands
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77. Tutorial - Image Processing Wor
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From Next PageSection 13Subset One
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I again selected ‘Close Graphic I
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I then selected ‘Pan Sharpening
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the vegetation tones are still norm
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Reduction’ and then ‘Apply Cont
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acquired during different seasons o
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This image is better than the Trans
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I also prepared an image using the
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Full sized Landsat scenes can be pr
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78. Tutorial - Improving Image Qual
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The following image is the RGB colo
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Press ‘OK’. The transformed gra
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However it is close enough to illus
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The second image is a straightforwa
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It is also possible to combine the
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80. Pan Sharpened Image: Landsat Mo
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82. Pan Sharpened Image: Landsat De
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88. Pan Sharpened Image: EO-1 Mount
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Multiple Linear Regression, 205Mult
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