UNDERWAY REPLENISHMENT NWP 4-01.4 - Historic Naval Ships ...

NWP 4-01.42.6.7 Rig Loads. Loads on a transfer rig are affectedby:1. The load being carried2. The tension applied by the winch(es) and ramtensioner3. Ship’s motion.2.6.8 Catenary. The flatter the catenary (that is, theangle that the whip takes from the outboard fairleadblock to the load), the greater the tension in the wire.The load transferred affects the catenary in bothtensioned and nontensioned wires. For the effects of theload on the catenary in nontensioned transfer rigs, seeparagraph 7.1.5 and Figure 7-3.2.7 REPLENISHMENT IN COLD WEATHERCold weather increases the difficulty of underwayreplenishment. During high wind conditions, cold canquickly fatigue exposed personnel and force a prematurehalt in operations. If spray ice builds up heavily, itmay adversely affect the ship’s stability and hamper theuse of replenishment equipment.2.7.1 Ice Formation. To retard formation of ice, useanti-icing coatings on replenishment gear. One suchcoating is an inhibited, thickened solution of lithiumchloride, to be applied prior to entering an area whereicing is prevalent. Do not apply this coating to decks, asthe mixture itself is slippery. Remove ice alreadyformed by:1. Hand tools — mallets, clubs, scrapers — if usedwith care to avoid damaging equipment2. Steam jet (lance) to free restricted items, such astopside valve wheels and fuel trunk covers3. Firehose streams to undercut and weaken heavyaccumulations until they can be removedmanually.Remove snow with brooms and shovels before it becomestrampled and hardened.2.7.2 Replenishment in Ice Fields. In ice fields,replenishment can be accomplished only with bothships stopped and lying to as close alongside as practicable.To accomplish this, a polynya of sufficientsize to permit maneuvering may be used, providedwind conditions are not such as to cause drifting ontothe edge of the polynya.If a polynya of sufficient size cannot be found orwind conditions prevent its use, an area large enoughto accommodate both ships and to permit maneuveringshould be cut out by an ice-breaker. This area ofbroken ice will provide a cushioning effect permittingan approach close aboard without danger of collision.The broken ice will flow rather than exert pressure onthe hulls of the ships involved. Local ice conditionsshould be carefully analyzed to ensure that the replenishmentcan be carried out safely. A working ice packor a pack drifting down on a lee shore must be avoided.The greatest hazard in approaching another shipwhile in an ice pack lies in the danger that pressure generatedby the approaching ship will force interveningice blocks through the hulls of one or both of the shipsor will damage the rudder and screws of the ship approached.For this reason, a bow-to-bow approach isgenerally safest for mooring alongside. If an icebreakeris available, it should proceed carefully throughthe ice ahead of the ship making the approach.2.8 SUPPLIES AND ACCOUNTSSupply and accounting procedures for underway replenishmentinclude:1. Submission of requirements by receiving ships2. Preparation of invoices by delivery ships3. Completion of surveys.The commander of the supported force may submitthe requirements for all his/her units to the replenishmentforce, or he/she may have each ship submit requirementsdirectly to the appropriate replenishment ship.2.8.1 Supplies Available for Transfer. The suppliesthat are available for transfer are listed herein bytypes of replenishment ships from which they can beobtained. For detailed listings, refer to NAVSUP 4998(Hull/Fill) and Atlantic and Pacific Fleet UnderwayReplenishment Guides.1. AO and T-AO — Petroleum products — F76,F44, selected lube oils (drums), and bottled gases2. AE and T-AE — Ammunition, bombs, rockets,and missiles; F76; and a mini/multicapabilitythat includes fresh-frozen, chilled, and dryprovisions3. T-AF — Fresh-frozen, chilled, and dry provisions;and selected high-volume general stores2-36 ORIGINAL