UNDERWAY REPLENISHMENT NWP 4-01.4 - Historic Naval Ships ...

NWP 4-01.4The replenishment capabilities of small escortsshould be considered before assigning them to the portside of oilers, since CLF ships are normally rigged toport for fueling by double-hose rig. Insufficient spaceor manpower aboard the escort may preclude receivingthe double-hose rig. An unnecessary delay in theUNREP occurs whenever a change of rig is required.1.4 GROSS REQUIREMENTSThe supported force commander must have availablethe gross requirements in tons and barrels (gallons)for each type of cargo from all units to be replenished.When metric units are used, requirements must begiven in metric tons and cubic meters. This data shouldbe collected or estimated early in the planning phase.1.5 PREREPLENISHMENT CONFERENCEA prereplenishment conference is an excellentmeans of improving the performance of units participatingin an UNREP. When a conference can be held, itmay be possible to develop a custom-made plan for aparticular UNREP. Items that are particularly suited fordiscussion at a conference are order alongside; typesand numbers of rigs to be used; requirements and submissionof requirements; and use of experimental rigs,equipment, and techniques.1.6 PLANNINGThe overall efficiency of an UNREP is directly proportionalto the thoroughness of planning. Even in the case ofa small or one-product UNREP, thorough planning is required.Paragraphs 1.6.1 through 1.6.5 detail factors thatmust be considered when planning an UNREP. To minimizetime alongside, plan combinations of CONREPsand VERTREPs. Place emphasis on the most efficientmethod or combinations of methods of transfer.1.6.1 Transfer Rate. Planners should review theperformance of units involved in the UNREP. Figure 1-2provides average transfer rates for liquid and solid cargoto various ship types, as derived from past fleet experience.When transfer rates for individual units are notavailable, use average rates for planning daytime UNREPsunder average weather conditions. For greater accuracy,use current monthly summaries of UNREP times.Replenishment at night does not appreciably affectpumping rates of AOs, AOEs and T-AOs, but does affecttransfer rates for solid cargo (T-AEs and T-AFSs).Heavy weather normally increases the time requiredto rig and unrig. Pumping rates of AOs, AOEs, andT-AOs are not appreciably affected, unless the numberof rigs normally passed is reduced. A one-hose UNREPwill increase the time alongside by as much as 50 percentfor small escorts and more for heavy combatants.Heavy weather greatly reduces solid cargo transferrates for all CLF ships, but the percentage of reductionin such circumstances is not predictable.1.6.2 Breakout Problems. Crew limitations andspace requirements aboard replenishment ships requirean early and fixed order alongside. A change in the orderalongside or nonreceipt of requirements willgreatly reduce the efficiency of these ships. T-AFSsare particularly affected by a change in the order alongside,because fresh or frozen cargo may be on deckready for transfer. Most ships break out cargo just beforethe UNREP and spot it on deck so as to provide efficienttransfer in proper sequence. Deck-stowed cargois more susceptible to damage. Injury to personnel ordamage to the ship may result from shifting of cargo.1.6.3 Rigs. To achieve a high transfer rate, shipsmust be prepared to use the maximum number of rigsduring each UNREP.Supported ships will indicate as early as possible thetransfer stations at which, and the types of rigs bywhich, they desire to receive their requirements; theywill also indicate any limitations at transfer stations andon the types of rigs which they are capable of receivingat a station. Replenishment ships, using this information,shall select and recommend the transfer stationsand types of rigs to be used in the UNREP.In the absence of information to the contrary, replenishmentships will assume that supported ships are prepared toreceive any of the STREAM or nontensioned rigs (seeChapters 3 through 9), except in the case of helicoptercapableships, when rigging at transfer station(s) willpreclude conduct of flight operations concurrently withthe UNREP. Accordingly, replenishment ships will userigs which provide the highest transfer rates commensuratewith safety and weather conditions.The UNREP Station Capabilities Handbook, NAV-SEA S9571-A1-HBK-010, is a valuable planning aid indetermining compatibility of transfer station, rig, andalignment between receiving and delivery ships.1.6.4 Passengers, Mail, Deck Cargo, and FleetFreight. Transfer of mail, fleet freight, deck cargo, and personnelmay well be the controlling time factor for ships alongside oilers.Cargo may be consolidated on one ship for further transfer duringthe UNREP. Use of the planning aid described in paragraph1.7.3 will greatly aid the planner in solving problems of multiple1-3 ORIGINAL