Figure 1.Sample Decision Tree for <strong>Pessary</strong> Practice ManagementWill practice provide pessary care?NoKnow referral optionsYesFitting and follow upFitting kitsonlyPurchase at leastone kit from eachcategory. Checklocal pharmacies/medical equip -ment storesrelated to optionsfor patientpurchase.Will care include fitting or only follow up?Completearray ofpessariestypes andsizesPurchase stock; planstorage, inventory,ordering methodsLimited pessarystockFollow up onlySelect and purchasecommon sizes of atleast one type ofpessary from eachcategory. Knowreferral options.No special equipment ifsite provides women’shealth services; knowreferral options.SPECIAL SERIES ON PESSARIESComplete equipment checklist (see Table 1)tained by relatively intact pelvicmuscle integrity, support pessariesthat are somewhat selfretaining,and pessaries that offeradditional urethral support forwomen with stress urinary in -continence. Some large referralpractices may have sufficientvolume of potential pessary usersto justify stocking several stylesof each category of pessary, aswell as a complete range of sizesof each style. Smaller practiceshave several options for limitingtheir up-front purchasing costs.Table 1.Office Resources Necessary for <strong>Pessary</strong> ManagementAssorted pessaries and/or fitting rings<strong>Pessary</strong> cleaning plan prior to re-sterilizationAutoclave, cold, or alternate sterilizationAppropriate educational materialsFollow-up visit tracking systemAfter-hours contact and referral planGeneral pelvic examination equipment, including options for vaginitis and urinarytract infection screening<strong>Pessary</strong> cart or other storage areaInventory and re-order planUROLOGIC NURSING / May-June 2012 / Volume 32 Number 3 139
SERIESSPECIAL SERIES ON PESSARIESFigure 2.Sample Office Procedure for Cold Sterilization of Pessaries1. Cidex OPA ® is used to disinfect pessaries in the bladder control clinic.2. First, clean the pessaries with enzymatic detergent. Mix 15 mL of detergentwith 1 gallon of water. Soak pessaries for 5 minutes.3. Thoroughly clean and rinse the pessaries and pat dry.4. Test Cidex OPA with Cidex OPA test strips according to package directionsto make sure the solution meets minimum effective concentration, recordingdate, time, lot number of solution, test pass or fail, and staff member initialsin the monitoring log.5. If the solution passes, proceed to disinfecting the pessaries. If it does not,discard the solution, clean and dry the container, and put new solution in.Test this new solution to make sure it passes and meets the minimumeffective concentration, recording results in the monitoring log.6. After donning the appropriate personal protective equipment (gloves,goggles, and gown), place the pessaries in the Cidex OPA for 12 minutes forhigh level disinfection.7. After 12 minutes of soaking, remove the pessaries from the Cidex OPA andthoroughly rinse the pessaries with tap water. Dry and repackage thepessaries with the date and size of the pessary.For example, sterilizable fittingkits are now available for Ring,Cube, Incontinence Dish, Oval,and Gellhorn pessaries (Atnip &O’Dell, 2012; Bioteque of America,2011). Practice costs associatedwith fitting kits include the originalcost of the kit(s) and theirupkeep. Options for sterilizationafter cleaning include autoclaving,with specifications dependenton the type of autoclave used,or cold sterilization with a product,such as Cidex OPA ® orChloro phenyl ® , followed bythorough rinsing with water(Bioteque of America, 2001). Anexample of a written procedurefor cold sterilization for officeuse is presented in Figure 2.If fitting kits are used, a prescriptionfor the device is typicallyprovided to the potential user,who then obtains the devicethrough a pharmacy or medicalsupply store. In some cases,insurance may cover all or part ofthe cost of the device. Cost comparisonmay demonstrate an economicadvantage to the providerwhen fitting kits are utilized.However, practice decision-makersshould also consider patientsatisfaction, including potentialaggravation of delays in symptomrelief. This may be especiallyproblematic for women whorequire a subsequent change inpessary type or size after a trial ofdaily use.If actual pessaries are stocked,the number of types and sizes tokeep as inventory must be determined.In provider surveys, themost commonly used pessarystyles are variations of the Ringpessary (with and without a supportmembrane, and with andwithout an incontinence knob),and Gellhorn pessaries (Cundiff,Weidner, Visco, Bump, &Addison, 2000; Pott-Grinstein &Newcomer, 2001). The mostcommon sizes of Ring pessary are2 through 5 (whole numbers).Gellhorn pessaries are sized bythe dish diameter in quarter-inchincrements, with common sizesranging from 1.75 to 3.0 inches(CooperSurgical, 2011). Whenordering decisions are beingmade, limiting pessary styles tothose with drainage holes mayoffer an advantage by allowingnormal vaginal discharge to passfrom the vagina, rather than poolingas a potential culture medium.This may decrease infectionrisk but has not been well studied.When a decision is made tolimit the number of in-housestock, unusual sizes can be speciallyordered, or the patient canbe referred to specialty practice. Ifa referral is made, users can beoffered the option of returning tothe original practice for follow-upvisits once a satisfactory pessaryis identified for on-going use.Similarly, small practices maychoose to refer all potential usersfor pessary fitting, with theoption of seeing established pessaryusers for follow-up care only.Insurance reimbursement canbe expected to vary by region ofthe country. In making a businessplan, providers should obtainestimates of typical reimbursementsfor pessary-related visitsand supplies from establishedlocal providers, from local professionalorganizations, or directlyfrom third-party payers. Com -paring this information withanticipated purchase and overheadcosts can inform decisionmaking.While pessary practicemay not be lucrative, it should beseen as an important componentto offering a breadth of women’shealth care services. Taking timeto carefully consider stocking,sterilization, and referral optionsshould help maximize both userand provider satisfaction in termsof cost-effectiveness and timemanagement.Supply, Equipment, and ProceduralConsiderations for <strong>Pessary</strong> PracticeSeveral other practice-plancomponents should be considered(see Table 1). In the absenceof established national standards,pessary care can reasonably takeplace in a variety of practice settingsincluding urogynecology,urology, general gynecology, andprimary care. However, rare complicationscan be life-threatening(Atnip & O’Dell, 2012; O’Dell &Atnip, 2012). Designated pro -viders within any practice shouldhave demonstrated competence140 UROLOGIC NURSING / May-June 2012 / Volume 32 Number 3