1 MidTerm STUDY GUIDE - GHP Level Course True/False Indicate ...

MidTerm STUDY GUIDE - GHP Level CourseTrue/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false by selecting A or B. The underlined word is the portionin question.1. Gems are prized for their great availability and beauty.2. The science of mapmaking is called cartography.3. If magma cools slowly, atoms have time to arrange themselves into large crystals.4. Earth’s four main systems are independent of one another.5. A covalent bond is the attraction of two atoms for a shared pair of electrons that hold the atom together.6. Sugar is a mineral7. Sandstone, with abundant quartz and orthoclase feldspar, is among the most durable of igneous rocks.8. Earth’s atmosphere contains about 78 percent carbon dioxide.9. An atom that gains or loses an electron is a charged particle called a(n) isotope.10. Most scientific studies use a standard system of units called SI, which is a version of the metric system.11. Meteorology is the branch of Earth science that deals with the blanket of air that surrounds Earth.12. Valuable ore deposits are often associated with igneous extrusions.13. The International Date Line is another name for the equator.14. A(n) element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.15. When liquid evaporates from a solution, mineral crystals may precipitate.16. Lines of latitude are parallel.17. The prime meridian represents 0° longitude.18. Early life (cyanobacteria) modified the atmosphere by generating large amounts of gas that eventuallyformed the ozone layer.19. The most common minerals, feldspar and quartz, are carbonates.20. An experiment is a suggested explanation for an observation.21. The study of objects beyond Earth’s atmosphere is ecology.22. Mineral crystals may begin to precipitate out of a solution that has become saturated.23. Astrology is not a science. Astronomy is a science.24. Diamonds are sometimes found in igneous intrusions known as kimberlites.25. The water in Earth’s oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, glaciers, and in Earth’s atmosphere makes up thehydrosphere.26. Although a few minerals are composed of single elements, most are made from compounds.27. The most reliable way to identify a mineral is by using a combination of several tests.1

28. Researchers use a constant in an experiment to show that the results of the experiment are actually due to thecondition being tested.29. Astronomers study Earth, its neighbors, and other matter in the universe.30. Identifying rocks, studying glacial movements, and interpreting clues to Earth’s history are all topics studiedin geology.31. Meteorology is the study of materials that make up Earth and the processes that form and change Earth.32. In scientific notation, a number is expressed as a value between 1 and 10 multiplied by a power of 10.33. The combined number of protons and neutrons is the mass number.Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Anyunderlined words are hints.34. Magma that cools quickly will form crystals.a. big c. course-grainedb. small d. large35. The Phanerozoic Eon includes the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and ____.a. Cenozoic Periods c. Tertiary Epochsb. Jurassic Periods d. Cenozoic Eras36. is described as either metallic or nonmetallic.a. Cleavage c. Reflectionb. Color d. Luster37. Intrusive igneous rocks form ____.a. fine-grained rocksb. when a molten mass of rocks cools quicklyc. on Earth's surfaced. coarse-grained rocks38. Which of the following lists the units of geologic time in order from shortest to longest?a. era, eon, period, epoch c. eon, era, period, epochb. epoch, eon, period, era d. epoch, period, era, eon39. The most abundant elements in Earth’s crust are ____.a. aluminum and potassium c. oxides and carbonatesb. halite and coal d. oxygen and silicon40. Valuable ore deposits and gem crystals are often associated with ____.a. oceans c. thin crustal areasb. oil deposits d. igneous intrusions41. Factors that affect a rock’s melting point include ____.a. pressure and water content c. rarityb. value as a gem d. usefulness as a building material42. All flat maps distort either the shapes or the areas of landmasses because ____.a. the boundaries of landmasses are not known with certaintyb. such large structures cannot be drawn accuratelyc. lines of latitude are not perfectly paralleld. Earth is a curved, three-dimensional object2

43. Closely spaced contour lines indicate . . .a. gentle slopes c. steep slopesb. plains d. volcanoes44. What is the latitude of the north pole?a. 0° north c. 180° northb. 90° north d. 360° north45. To be a mineral it must be:a. solid, natually-occurring, inorganic,varying chemical composition andcrystalline structureb. solid, natually-occurring, inorganic,fixed chemical composition andcrystalline structure46. Silver, gold, and copper have shiny surfaces and thus are said to have ____.a. dull luster c. waxy lusterb. metallic luster d. nonmetallic luster47. Which of these steps would be the first step in a scientific method?a. Make a hypothesis.b. Test the hypothesis by doing an experiment.c. Identify the problem and determine what you want to know.48. Each degree of latitude or longitude is divided into 60 smaller units called ____.a. meridians c. minutesb. grids49. A rock has a mass of 6.25 kg and a volume of 0.855 L. What is the density of the rock?a. 7.31 kg/L c. 5.34 kg/Lb. 0.137 kg/L50. Igneous rocks that cool quickly on Earth’s surface are ____.a. extrusive c. metamorphicb. intrusive d. always magnetic51. Which statement about lines of longitude is true?a. They converge at the equator.b. They converge at the poles.c. They are parallel.d. They locate positions in north and south directions.52. What is the longitude of the prime meridian?a. 0° c. 90° westb. 90° east d. 180°53. As the water content of rock increases, the melting point ____.a. increases b. decreases54. GPS satellites can relay information about all of the following except ____.a. position c. directionb. elevation d. weather55. What type of bonding takes places when Na + and Cl - combine to form NaCl?a. ionic b. covalent56. Select the correct equation for determining the volume of an object when mass and density are given.a. V = M x D c. V = D / Mb. V = M / D3

57. Into how many time zones is Earth divided?a. 12 c. 24b. 15 d. 36058. What is the SI unit of mass? (not weight)a. kilogram c. newtonb. kilometer d. gram per cubic centimeter59. Extrusive rocks, which cool more rapidly than intrusive rocks, are generally more ____.a. coarsely grained c. radioactiveb. finely grained d. magnetic60. The Archean and Proterozoic are examples of ____.a. eons c. epochsb. periods d. eras61. On a topographic map, the difference in elevation between two side-by-side contour lines is called the ____.a. contour interval c. depression contourb. index contour d. hachure62. Which is true of contour lines?a. The contour interval map vary atdifferent locations on the map.c. Contour lines run straight acrossstreams and rivers.b. Contour lines can never cross. d. None of the above.63. On the geologic time scale, the smallest unit of time is called a(n) ____.a. era c. periodb. eon d. epoch64. The amount of time it takes for one-half of the original amount of an isotope to decay is known as its ____.a. correlation c. periodb. half-life d. radioactivity65. Igneous rocks that cool slowly beneath Earth’s crust are ____.a. extrusive c. sedimentaryb. intrusive d. always magnetic66. A model that illustrates the predictable patterns of mineral formation from cooling magma is ____.a. Bowen's reaction series c. layered intrusion formationb. crystal separation d. mineral composition67. Moh’s scale is used to compare the of minerals.a. levels c. hardnessb. breakage d. consistency68. Rocks are formed when magma ____.a. erodes c. crystallizesb. undergoes radioactive decay d. weathers69. What is the hardest mineral shown on Mohs hardness scale?a. gypsum c. feldsparb. diamond d. quartz70. Minerals always exist in a(n) ____ form.a. liquid c. solidb. gaseous d. organic71. A mineral can take the shape of one of six major systems.a. crystal c. solidb. silicate d. carbonate4

72. The most recent period is the ____.a. Quaternary c. Cenozoicb. Holocene d. Cretaceous73. The oldest rock layer in an undisturbed rock sequence occurs ____.a. at the bottom of the sequence c. below the unconformityb. below the sedimentary rock layer d. at the top of the sequenceMatchingMatch each item with the correct statement below.a. crystal d. mineralb. silicate e. orec. magma74. Naturally occurring, inorganic solid with specific chemical composition and crystalline structure75. Molten material found beneath Earth’s crust76. Mineral that contains a useful substance that can be mined for profit77. Solid in which the atoms are arranged in repeating patterns78. Mineral that contains silicon and oxygenMatch each item with the correct statement below.a. cleavage d. lusterb. fracture e. streakc. hardness79. Property of splitting along one or more flat planes evenly and easily80. The way a mineral reflects light from its surface81. Property of breaking with rough or jagged edges82. Measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched83. Color of a mineral when it is broken up and powderedMatch each item with the correct statement below.a. anthracite coal c. chocolate chipsb. bituminous coal84. We mined this ore in class using open pit mining techniques.85. This metamorphic rock is fossil fuel that is mined in northeast Pennsylvania. It has a stronger bond andburns longer. This rock is mined via underground mine shafts.86. The carboniferous forest later became this sedimentary rock in Pennsylvania. It is a softer fuel materialattained via open pit mining.Match each item with the correct statement below.a. carbonates c. oxidesb. silicates d. halites87. Readily form silica tetrahedrons.88. Composed of one or more metallic elements with the carbonate compound.89. Compound with oxygen and a metal.5

90. Composed of Cl or F with either Ca, Na or KMatch each item with the correct statement below.a. cartography d. map scaleb. contour line e. topographic mapc. map legend91. Explains what the symbols on a map represent92. The science of mapmaking93. Type of map that shows changes in elevation of Earth's surface94. The ratio between distances on a map and actual distances on the surface of Earth95. Connects points of equal elevation on a mapMatch each item with its corresponding unit of measurement below.a. gram per milliliter (g/Ml) d. liter (l)b. Celsius (C) e. meter (m)c. kilogram (kg)96. liquid equivalent97. mass98. density99. length100. temperatureMatch each item with the correct statement below.a. asthenosphere d. hydrosphereb. atmosphere e. lithospherec. biosphere101. The water in Earth's oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, and glaciers102. All organisms on Earth and the environments in which they live103. The rigid outer shell of Earth104. The blanket of gases that surround Earth105. The partially molten layer of Earth's mantle106. 10 -6Match each number with its correct scientific notation below.a. 1 000 000 d. 0.029b. 0.000001 e. 3356c. 40 000 000107. 4 × 10 7108. 10 6109. 2.9 × 10 -2110. 3.356 × 10 36

Refer to the table. Match the questions with the possible locations below.a. Cape Town, South Africa d. Stockholm, Swedenb. Pontianak, Indonesia e. Wellington, New Zealandc. Nome, Alaska111. Which city is closest to the International Date Line?112. Which city is closest to the North Pole?113. Which city in the northern hemisphere is closest to the Prime Meridian?114. Which location is directly south of Stockholm, Sweden?115. Which city is on the equator?Congratulations you have completed the scantron portion of your Earth Science MidTerm!116. Use the provided sheet of notebook paper to address the following. Your answer needs to be incomplete sentences.Some power plants burn coal, which is extracted from mines. When the coal is burned, it combines withoxygen to produce carbon dioxide, other gases, and heat. The heat turns liquid water into steam. The steamis used to generate electricity, which powers the homes and industries of people. Explain how a coal-burningpower plant interacts with each of Earth's four systems.7