LILIACEAE - China

About 660 species: N hemisphere, mainly in Asia, some species in Africa and Central and South America; 138 species (50 endemic, fiveintroduced) in China.Most Eurasian species have the base chromosome number x = 8, whereas North American species predominantly have x = 7. Nearly all specieswith x = 10 and 11 occur in SW China.Most species of Allium are edible, and some have long been cultivated in China and elsewhere, e.g., A. cepa, A. chinense, A. fistulosum, A.porrum, A. sativum, and A. tuberosum.1a. Leaves 1–3, linear to orbicular-ovate, base usually narrowed into a petiole; ovary base often constricted into a shortstipe; ovules 1 per locule.2a. Leaf 1, long petiolate, ovate to broadly elliptic-ovate, base cordate .................................................................. 4. A. funckiifolium2b. Leaves 2 or 3.3a. Outer perianth segments narrower than inner ones.4a. Base of leaf blade cuneate, decurrent ................................................................................................................. 1. A. victorialis4b. Base of leaf blade rounded to cordate, not decurrent .............................................................................................. 2. A. listera3b. Outer perianth segments as wide as or wider than inner ones.5a. Scape shorter than leaves, 2–5 cm, covered with leaf sheaths for 3/4–4/5 its length ......................................... 5. A. nanodes5b. Scape longer than leaves, 10–60 cm, covered with leaf sheaths only at base.6a. Leaves lanceolate-oblong to ovate-oblong, base rounded to cordate, petiole distinct ................................ 3. A. ovalifolium6b. Leaves linear, linear-lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate, elliptic-oblanceolate, or rarely narrowly elliptic,base narrowed, petiole indistinct ........................................................................................................................... 6. A. prattii1b. Leaves several, lorate or linear, cross section semiterete or terete, solid or fistulose, base usually not narrowedinto a petiole; ovules 2 to several per locule; if leaf base narrowed into a petiole or ovules 1 per locule then bulbtunic never distinctly reticulate.7a. Roots thick and fleshy, sometimes subtuberous; leaves with distinct midvein; scape usually 2- or 3-angled;ovules 1 or 2 per locule.8a. Ovules 1 per locule (in A. omeiense a few ovaries in same umbel with 2 ovules per locule).9a. Umbel laxly fascicled, few flowered; pedicels unequal; style much shorter than ovary; stigma 3-cleft .... 16. A. trifurcatum9b. Umbel hemispheric to globose, many flowered; pedicels equal; style equaling or longer than ovary;stigma entire, punctiform.10a. Scape terminal ........................................................................................................................................ 7. A. guanxianense10b. Scape lateral.11a. Leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, distinctly contracted at base; filaments longer than perianthsegments .......................................................................................................................................... 8. A. xiangchengense11b. Leaves linear or lorate to lorate-oblanceolate, not contracted at base; filaments shorter than tosubequaling perianth segments.12a. Perianth segments 4–7.5 mm, free; filaments slightly shorter than to subequaling perianthsegments ..................................................................................................................................................... 9. A. hookeri12b. Perianth segments 9–11 mm, connate at base into a tube ca. 1 mm; filaments ca. 1/2 as long asperianth segments ................................................................................................................................. 10. A. omeiense8b. Ovules 2 per locule.13a. Perianth yellow, segments united for ca. 1 mm at base ...................................................................... 11. A. chienchuanense13b. Perianth white, red, purple-red, or dark purple, segments free.14a. Filaments connate into a tube for 2/3–3/4 their length ...................................................................... 15. A. cyathophorum14b. Filaments connate only at base.15a. Perianth white, segments lanceolate, apex acuminate or irregularly 2-lobed ................................... 12. A. fasciculatum15b. Perianth red, purple-red, or dark purple, rarely whitish, segments oblong, narrowly so, or ovateoblong,apex retuse, truncate, or obtuse.16a. Perianth stellately spreading, reflexed after anthesis, inner and outer segments similar; pedicelsstraight .................................................................................................................................................... 13. A. wallichii16b. Perianth campanulate, not reflexed after anthesis, inner segments somewhat longer and narrowerthan outer ones; pedicels nodding at apex ...................................................................................... 14. A. macranthum7b. Roots thin; leaves without distinct midvein; scape terete or several angled; ovules 2 to several per locule.17a. Bulb usually solitary, globose, ovoid-globose, or ovoid (if cylindric to ovoid-cylindric, then leavesthick, terete, and fistulose); rhizomes obscure.18a. Leaves usually thick, terete, fistulose, smooth.19a. Bulb flattened globose, globose, or ovoid-globose, rarely cylindric with thickened base; base of innerfilaments 1-toothed on each side (if entire, then scape often undeveloped).20a. Scape solid ........................................................................................................................................... 100. A. galanthum20b. Scape fistulose.