12a. Tepals white to cream, spotted with violet distally, apex yellowish green ............... 13. D. nantouense12b. Tepals yellow, apex rarely green.13a. Flowers cylindric-campanulate, 2–3 cm; filaments minutely papilloseproximally ........................................................................................................... 12. D. uniflorum13b. Flowers open campanulate, 1.5–2.3 cm; filaments glabrous or sparselypapillose ............................................................................................................... 14. D. shimadae1. Disporum viridescens (Maximowicz) Nakai, J. Coll. Sci.Imp. Univ. Tokyo 31: 246. 1911.宝 珠 草 bao zhu caoUvularia viridescens Maximowicz, Prim. Fl. Amur. 273.1859; Disporum smilacinum A. Gray var. viridescens (Maximowicz)Maximowicz; Prosartes viridescens (Maximowicz)Regel.Rhizome short, usually with long, creeping stolon; rootsdensely tufted. Stem often branched distally, sometimes simple,30–80 cm. Petiole very short; leaf blade ellitpic to ovate-oblong,5–12 × 2–5 cm, abaxially slightly scabrous on veins, crossveins indistinct, margin minutely scabrous. Inflorescences terminal,1- or 2-flowered; pedicels 1.5–2.5 cm. Flowers widelyopening. Tepals greenish white, oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate,(1.2–)1.5–2 cm × 3–4 mm, 7-veined, base slightly saccate,apex long attenuate. Stamens 4.5–7 mm, included; filamentsslightly dilated proximally, 3–4 mm; anthers 2–3 mm. Ovaryglobose, 2.5–3.5 mm. Style 3–4 mm. Berries black, globose, ca.1 cm in diam., 2- or 3-seeded. Seeds red-brown, ca. 4 mm indiam. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Oct. 2n = 16.Forests, grassy slopes; near sea level to 600 m. Heilongjiang, Jilin,Liaoning [Japan, Korea, Russia (Far East)].2. Disporum smilacinum A. Gray in Perry, Exped. Jap. 2: 321.1857.山 东 万 寿 竹 shan dong wan shou zhuDisporum smilacinum var. album Maximowicz; D. smilacinumvar. ramosum Nakai; D. smilacinum var. rotundatumSatake; D. smilacinum var. variegatum Nakai.Rhizome short, often with long, creeping stolon. Stem usuallysimple, rarely branched, 15–35 cm. Petiole distinct, 1–2mm; leaf blade ovate to elliptic, 3–7 × 1.5–3 cm, base subroundedand slightly conduplicate, margin scabrous, apex acuteto acuminate. Inflorescences terminal, 1(or 2)-flowered; pedicel1–1.5(–2.2) cm. Flowers opening. Tepals white, broadly lanceolateto lanceolate, 1.1–1.3(–1.6) cm × 2–4 mm, base slightlysaccate, apex long attenuate. Stamens 7–9 mm, included; filamentsdilated proximally, 5–6 mm; anthers 2–3 mm. Ovaryobovoid, 2–3 mm. Style 5–7 mm. Berries black, globose orbroadly ellipsoid, ca. 1 cm in diam. Seeds ovoid, ca. 4 mm. Fl.Apr–May, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 16.Forests; near sea level to 400(–1600) m. NE Shandong (YantaiShi) [Japan, Korea, Russia (S Kurile Islands, S Sakhalin)].3. Disporum bodinieri (H. Léveillé & Vaniot) F. T. Wang &Tang, Contr. Inst. Bot. Natl. Acad. Peiping 6: 20. 1949.短 蕊 万 寿 竹 duan rui wan shou zhuTovaria bodinieri H. Léveillé & Vaniot, Mem. Pontif.Accad. Romana Nuovi Lincei 23: 360. 1905; Disporum brachystemonF. T. Wang & Tang; D. pullum Salisbury var. ovalifoliumH. Léveillé.Rhizome creeping, rather thick. Stem usually brancheddistally, 30–70(–100) cm. Petiole 5–10 mm; leaf blade ellipticto ovate-lanceolate, 5–15 × 2–6 cm, often scabrous at marginand on veins abaxially. Inflorescences terminal, umbellate, 2–6-flowered; pedicels 1.5–2.5 cm, usually papillose. Flowers funnelformto broadly obconical. Tepals white or yellowish green,rarely purple, obovate-oblanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, 1–1.2cm × 3–5 mm, base gibbous-spurred; spurs ca. 1 mm. Stamens6–11 mm, included or equaling tepals; filaments 3–5 mm; anthersca. 3 mm. Ovary 2–3 mm. Style 4–7 mm. Berries subglobose,5–10 mm in diam., 3–6-seeded. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Oct. 2n = 16*.Forests, thickets, rocky places; 1200–3000 m. Guizhou, Hunan,Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.Hara (Bull. Univ. Mus. Univ. Tokyo 31: 180. 1988) reportedDisporum leucanthum H. Hara from <strong>China</strong> based on specimens fromSichuan (Hsieh 40064; Xiong & Li 90719) and Yunnan (Ward 215), butthese specimens seem to be D. bodinieri. Further studies are needed inorder to ascertain whether or not the two taxa are conspecific.4. Disporum longistylum (H. Léveillé & Vaniot) H. Hara, J.Jap. Bot. 59: 40. 1984.长 蕊 万 寿 竹 chang rui wan shou zhuTovaria longistyla H. Léveillé & Vaniot, Mem. Pontif.Accad. Romana Nuovi Lincei 23: 361. 1905; Disporumcavaleriei H. Léveillé.Rhizome without creeping stolon. Stem usually brancheddistally, 30–90 cm. Petiole 3–10 mm; leaf blade lanceolate toelliptic, 3–15 × 1–4(–6) cm, base subrounded, apex usuallylong acuminate. Inflorescences terminal, umbellate, 2–8-flowered;pedicels 0.7–2.4 cm. Tepals green or greenish yellow,rarely purplish, spatulate-oblanceolate to obovate, 1–1.7 cm ×2–4(–8) mm, base gibbous-spurred, apex subacute; spurs 1–1.5mm. Stamens 1.2–1.9 cm, exserted; filaments filiform, 1–1.6cm, very minutely scabrous-puberulent proximally; anthers2.5–4.5 mm. Ovary 2–3 mm. Style 0.8–1.7 cm, exserted. Berriesblack, subglobose, 6–9 mm in diam. Fl. Mar–Jun, fr. Sep–Dec. 2n = 16*.Forests, rocky places; 400–1800 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei,Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.5. Disporum megalanthum F. T. Wang & Tang, Fl. Reipubl.Popularis Sin. 15: 250. 1978.大 花 万 寿 竹 da hua wan shou zhuRhizome short, with fleshy roots 2–3 mm thick. Stemoften slightly branched distally, 30–60 cm. Petiole, 2–4 mm;
leaf blade elliptic to broadly lanceolate, 6–12 × 2–5(–8) cm,base subrounded and slightly conduplicate, margin papillosescabrous,apex acuminate. Inflorescences terminal and pseudolateral,(2–)4–8-flowered; peduncle often distinct; pedicels 1–2cm, ridged. Flowers semiopening, narrowed to base. Tepalswhite or cream, obovate-oblanceolate, 2.5–3.8 cm × 5–8 mm,base shortly gibbous-spurred; spurs ca. 1 mm. Stamens 2–2.8cm, included; filaments 1.4–2.2 cm; anthers 4–6 mm. Ovary 2–3 mm. Style 1.2–1.8 cm. Berries 0.6–1.5 cm in diam., 4–6-seeded. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Aug–Oct. 2n = 16*.Forests, forest margins, grassy slopes; 1600–2500 m. Gansu,Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan.6. Disporum acuminatissimum W.L. Sha,Guihaia 5: 13. 1985.尖 被 万 寿 竹 jian bei wan shou zhuRhizome short. Stem branched distally, to 80 cm. Petiole3–5 mm; leaf blade elliptic to ovate-oblong, 5–9.5 × 1.5–5 cm.Inflorescences terminal, umbellate, 3- or 4-flowered; pedicels1.1–2.2 cm. Flowers semiopening. Tepals white, lanceolate ornarowly rhomboidal-lanceolate, 2–3.5 cm × 3–6 mm, minutelypuberulent on both surfaces, papillose at margin proximally andat base adaxially, apex long acuminate, base shortly spurred;spurs ca. 1 mm. Stamens 1.5–2 cm, included; filaments 1.1–1.5cm, puberulent-scabrous; anthers 4–6 mm. Ovary 3–4 mm.Style ca. 1.5 cm, puberulent. Fl. Apr–May.C Guangxi (Du’an Yao Zu Zizhixian).7. Disporum cantoniense (Loureiro) Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci.15: 229. 1919.万 寿 竹 wan shou zhuFritillaria cantoniensis Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 1: 206.1790; Disporum cantoniense var. brunneum (C. H. Wright)Handel-Mazzetti; D. cantoniense f. brunneum (C. H. Wright)H. Hara; D. chinense (Ker Gawler) Kuntze; D. pullum Salisburyex J. D. Hooker; D. pullum var. brunneum C. H. Wright;Streptopus chinensis (Ker Gawler) Smith; Uvularia chinensisKer Gawler.Rhizome creeping, thick, without stolon. Stem usuallybranched distally, 50–100(–150) cm. Petiole 2–4 mm; leaveslanceolate to narrowly oblong-lanceolate, 5–12 × 1–5 cm. Inflorescencesterminal and pseudolateral, (2 or)3–10-flowered;peduncle usually distinct; pedicels 1–4 cm, usually papillosescabrous.Flowers slightly opening. Tepals purplish, oblanceolate,1.5–2.5(–2.8) cm × 4–5 mm, base gibbous-spurred, apexsubacute and without dense papillae; spurs 2–3 mm. Stamens0.8–1.5 cm, included; filaments 8–11 mm; anthers 3–4 mm.Ovary ca. 3 mm. Style 0.7–1.5 cm. Berries 8–10 mm in diam.,2- or 3(–5)-seeded. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Aug–Oct. 2n = 14, 16.Forests, thickets; 700–3000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong,Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang,Yunnan[Bhutan, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim, Thailand, Vietnam].8. Disporum kawakamii Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo30: 365. 1911.台 湾 万 寿 竹 tai wan wan shou zhuDisporum cantoniense (Loureiro) Merrill var. kawakamii(Hayata) H. Hara; D. taiwanense S. S. Ying.Herbs rhizomatous. Stem branched distally, 50–120 cm.Petiole 3–4 mm; leaf blade lanceolate to ovate, 10–17 × 1–5cm, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margin slightly scabrous,apex acuminate. Inflorescences terminal and pseudolateral, 2–5-flowered; peduncle occasionally distinct; pedicels 2–4 cm,subsmooth. Flowers tubular-campanulate. Tepals cream orgreenish tinged with purple near both ends, oblanceolate, 1.8–2.2 cm × 4–6 mm, somewhat pubescent abaxially, denselypapillose apically, base gibbous-spurred; spurs ca. 2 mm.Stamens 1–2 cm, included; filaments 0.8–1.2 cm; anthers 3–4mm. Ovary ca. 3 mm. Style 0.8–1.4 cm. Fl. Mar–May. 2n =16*.Evergreen forests; 300–1700 m. Taiwan.9. Disporum trabeculatum Gagnepain, Bull. Soc. Bot. France81: 286. 1934.横 脉 万 寿 竹 heng mai wan shou zhuDisporum austrosinense H. Hara; Tovaria esquirolii H.Léveillé.Rhizome hard. Stem simple or branched distally, sometimestufted, 20–80 cm. Petiole 3–10 mm; leaf blade ovatelanceolateto elliptic, 6–14 × 2–5.5 cm, subleathery, cross veinsdistinct, base rounded to broadly cuneate, apex acute to acuminate.Inflorescences terminal, umbellate, 2–5-flowered; pedicels1–3 cm. Tepals whitish, yellowish, or purplish, spatulate-oblanceolate,1–2 cm × 3–7 mm, minutely pilose at margin andnear base adaxially. Stamens slightly shorter than or equalingtepals; filaments 5–9 mm, minutely papillose proximally; anthers3–5 mm. Ovary 2–2.5 mm. Style 5–14 mm. Fl. Mar–Jun.Forests; 900–2000 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan[Vietnam].10. Disporum hainanense Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci. 21: 338.1922.海 南 万 寿 竹 hai nan wan shou zhuDisporum senpomonticolum Yamamoto.Stem simple or branched distally, 15–100 cm. Petiole 7–10mm; leaf blade elliptic to broadly lanceolate, 6–13 × 2–5.5 cm,cross veins indistinct, base obtuse to cuneate, apex acuminate.Inflorescences terminal, umbellate, 3–5-flowered; pedicels 0.5–2.2 cm. Flowers semiopening, fragrant. Tepals white, rose, oryellow, obovate-oblanceolate, 5–9 × 2–4 mm, base saccate,apex rounded. Stamens 6–9(–10) mm, slightly exserted; filaments4–8 mm; anthers 3–4 mm. Ovary 2–2.5 mm. Style 3–7mm, usually slightly exserted. Berries black, subglobose, 6–9mm in diam. Fl. Dec–May, fr. Aug–Oct.Forests along ravines; 500–1000 m. Hainan.11. Disporum calcaratum D. Don, Proc. Linn. Soc. London 1:45. 1839.距 花 万 寿 竹 ju hua wan shou zhuDisporum calcaratum var. hamiltonianum (D. Don) Baker;D. hamiltonianum D. Don; D. jiangchengense Y. Y. Qian; D.
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34b. Stem very short; leaves basal
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simple, erect, usually with a few s
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ciflorus and S. spicatus Klotzsch);
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pendulous .........................
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ase, persistent. Stamens 6, free or
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Helonias umbellata (Baker) N. Tanak
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6-11 cm, adaxially sometimes with p
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小 重 楼 xiao chong louPlants 7-
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14b. Paris thibetica var. apetala H
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slightly convex connective apically
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when dried, not wrinkled adaxially
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80b. Flowers much smaller, tepals 2
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8. Smilax davidiana A. de Candolle
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present. Leaf blade abaxially sligh
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- Page 36 and 37: slightly shorter than petiole; umbe
- Page 38 and 39: 马 甲 菝 葜 ma jia ba qiaVines
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- Page 42 and 43: 70. Smilax bauhinioides Kunth, Enum
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- Page 68 and 69: Lilium nanum Klotzsch var. brevisty
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90: 27. 1931.紫 萼 zi eBryocles v
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Tepals white, linear, membranous; o
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19a. Male flowers 2-4 mm; branches
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perianth yellowish green, campanula
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Asparagus soongoricus Iljin.Herbs d
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北 天 门 冬 bei tian men dongAs
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fr. Sep-Nov.Forests, bamboo forests
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Tovaria oleracea Baker, J. Linn. So
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nate at base, outer ones broadly ov
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2.5 mm. Style ca. 2 mm; stigma capi
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38b. Peduncle usually 1-1.5 cm; inf
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5-12(-17)-flowered; peduncle 3-5 cm
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Himal. Mts. 1: 380. 1839.对 叶
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mm. Perianth pale yellow, cylindric
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nan [Laos, Thailand, Vietnam].2. Di
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Convallaria keiskei Miquel; C. keis
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margin, free part very short. Ovary
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sometimes greenish, ovate to lanceo
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Liang Songyun ( 梁 松 筠 Liang S
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lobes with a white hollow on adaxia
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ar-lanceolate, 30-40 × 3-5 cm, lea
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26. Aspidistra cruciformis Y. Wan &
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Fl. Apr. 2n = 36*.SW Guangxi (Longz
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2.5 mm. Flowers solitary, sometimes
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17b. Plants less than 40 cm tall; t
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asal one 6-8 mm. Flowers solitary;
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2n = 36*, 72*.Dense forests, mossy
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Plants stoloniferous; stolons with
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ulate distally. Tepals purple, or w
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Stem 2-3 cm. Leaves 2 or 3; petiole