3a. Inner tepals neither spotted nor blotched with deep color, margin entire .............................................................. 3. N. basilissa3b. Inner tepals spotted or blotched with deep color, margin erose to lacerate.4a. Inner tepals ovate to elliptic, more than 1.5 × as long as broad; anthers 3–3.5 × ca. 1 mm ....................... 6. N. meleagrina4b. Inner tepals ovate to orbicular, scarcely or slighty longer than broad; anthers 4–6 × 1.5–2 mm.5a. Leaves elliptic to lanceolate-elliptic, 10–30 mm wide ........................................................................ 4. N. pardanthina5b. Leaves linear to narrowly lanceolate, 5–8 mm wide .................................................................................... 5. N. farreri1. Nomocharis aperta (Franchet) E. H. Wilson, Lilies East.Asia 13. 1925.开 瓣 豹 子 花 kai ban bao zi huaLilium apertum Franchet, J. Bot. (Morot) 12: 220. 1898;Fritillaria oxypetala Royle; L. oxypetalum (Royle) Baker;Nomocharis forrestii I. B. Balfour.Bulb ovoid, 1.5–2.5 × 1–2 cm. Stem 25–50 cm. Leavesalternate, broadly lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 3–5.5 × 0.8–1.2 cm. Flowers usually 1 or 2(–6). Tepals spreading, rose orpink, with a deep maroon or purplish crimson blotch at base,and a few or more crimson spots mostly in proximal part, marginentire; outer tepals elliptic, ovate, or lanceolate, 2.2–4.5 ×1.2–1.5 cm; inner ones broadly elliptic or broadly ovate, 2.2–4.4 × 1.3–2.2 cm; nectary processes 2, of fleshy, cushionlikeprojections of tissue, rarely 1 or absent. Filaments 5–10 mm,nearly subulate, tapering from flat base to filiform apex, fleshy.Ovary 5–9 mm. Style 6.5–12 mm. Capsule green-brown, oblong-ovoid,1–2.5 × 1.2–2 cm. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Oct. 2n =24*.Broad-leaved forests, bamboo scrub, alpine grasslands; 3000–3900 m. SW Sichuan, Xizang, NW Yunnan [N Myanmar].2. Nomocharis saluenensis I. B. Balfour, Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh27: 294. 1919.云 南 豹 子 花 yun nan bao zi huaLilium apertum Franchet var. thibeticum Franchet; L. saluenense(I. B. Balfour) S. Yun Liang.Bulb white, ovoid, 2–4 × 2–2.5 cm. Stem 30–90 cm.Leaves alternate, usually lanceolate, 3.5–7 × 1–1.5 cm. Flowers1–7. Tepals spreading, white to pink, with a dark purple blotchat base and well spotted or blotched crimson proximally, marginentire; outer tepals elliptic to narrowly so, 3.5–5.2 × 1.6–2 cm;inner ones elliptic to broadly ovate, 3–4.5 × 1.7–2.5 cm; nectaryprocesses 2, of fleshy, cushionlike projections of tissue.Filaments nearly subulate, 8–11 mm, tapering from slightlywidened base to filiform apex; anthers 7.5–8 mm. Ovary 6–7 ×2.5–3 mm. Style 2.5–4 mm, usually shorter than ovary. Capsuleoblong, 1.7–1.8 × ca. 1.8 cm. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n =24*.Forest margins, shrubby and grassy slopes; 2800–4500 m. Sichuan,Xizang, NW Yunnan [N Myanmar].3. Nomocharis basilissa Farrer ex W. E. Evans, Notes Roy.Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 15: 25. 1925.美 丽 豹 子 花 mei li bao zi huaBulb ovoid, small; scales laxly arranged, lanceolate toovate-lanceolate. Stem 35–95 cm. Proximal leaves alternate,distal ones whorled, linear to lanceolate, 5.5–9 cm × 5–7 mm.Flowers 1–5, ± nodding. Tepals red, sometimes flushed purpleor blackish purple basally, margin entire; outer ones ovate toelliptic, 3.5–4.5 × 1.5–1.8 cm; inner ones broadly elliptic orbroadly ovate, 3.5–4.5 × 2–2.5 cm; nectary processes 2, ofpurplish black, thin flanges of tissue arranged in a fan shape.Filaments 7–8 mm, swollen, cylindric, and fleshy proximally,abruptly narrowed to a filiform portion distally; anthers 6–7mm. Ovary 6–7 mm. Style 8–10 mm; stigma rather large, 3-lobed. Fl. Jul–Aug. 2n = 24*.Alpine bamboo scrub, alpine grasslands; 3900–4300 m. NWYunnan [N Myanmar].4. Nomocharis pardanthina Franchet, J. Bot. (Morot) 3: 113.1889.豹 子 花 bao zi huaNomocharis leucantha I. B. Balfour; N. mairei H. Léveillé;N. mairei f. candida W. E. Evans; N. mairei f. leucantha (I.B. Balfour) W. E. Evans;N. pardanthina f. punctulata Sealy.Bulb ovoid-globose, 2.5–3.5 × 2–3.5 cm. Stem 25–90 cm.Proximal leaves alternate, distal ones whorled, elliptic to lanceolate-elliptic,2.5–7 × 1–3 cm. Flowers 1 to several. Tepalswhite or pink, usually with a dark purple blotch at base;outer ones laxly spotted purple-red, ovate, 2.5–3.5 × 1.2–2 cm,margin entire; inner ones densely or laxly spotted or blotchedpurple-red, ovate to orbicular, 2–3 × 1.5–2 cm, margin usuallyerose or lacerate; nectary processes 2, of purple-red, fleshy ridgesof tissue arranged in a fan shape. Filaments swollen, cylindric,6.5–7 mm, and fleshy proximally, abruptly narrowed to afiliform, 2–2.5 mm long portion distally. Style 6–8 mm. Fl.May–Jul, fr. Jul–Aug. 2n = 24*.Forest margins, grassy slopes; 2700–4100 m. SW Sichuan, NWYunnan.5. Nomocharis farreri (W. E. Evans) Harrow, New Fl. & Silva1: 76. 1928.滇 西 豹 子 花 dian xi bao zi huaNomocharis pardanthinaFranchet var. farreri W. E. Evans.Bulb ovoid, 1.8–2 × 1.5–1.8 cm. Stem 25–75 cm. Proximalleaves alternate, distal ones whorled, linear to narrowlylanceolate,3–9 cm × 5–8 mm. Flowers 1 or 2, horizontal or suberect.Tepals white, rose, or pink; outer ones elliptic, 2.5–3.5 ×1.2–1.4 cm, margin entire; inner ones densely spotted purpleredor dark brown-red, ovate to orbicular, 2.5–3.5 × 2.2–3 cm,margin shallowly erose; nectary processes 2, of narrow flangesof tissue arranged in a fan shape. Filaments swollen, cylindric,6–7 mm, and fleshy proximally, abruptly narrowed to a filiform,2.5–3.5 mm long portion distally. Style ca. 1 cm. Capsuleoblong, 2–2.5 × ca. 2 cm, 6-angular. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Oct.2n = 24*.
Forests, bamboo forest margins, grassy places; 2700–3400 m. WYunnan [N Myanmar].6. Nomocharis meleagrina Franchet, J. Bot. (Morot) 12: 196.1898.多 斑 豹 子 花 duo ban bao zi huaNomocharis biluoensis S. Yun Liang.Bulb white, ovoid, 2.5–3 × 2–2.8 cm. Stem 35–100 cm.Leaves 5–8-whorled, narrowly lanceolate to elliptic, 4.5–11 ×1–3 cm, margin sometimes conspicuously papillose. Flowers 1–4, nodding. Tepals white or tinged pale pink abaxially; outerones blotched purple-red, elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 4–5 × (1–)2–2.5 cm, margin entire; inner ones spotted or mainly in distal partblotched purple-red, ovate to elliptic, 4–5 × (1–)2.5–3 cm, marginerose-serrate; nectary processes 2, of low ridges of tissuearranged in a fan shape. Filaments swollen, cylindric, 6–7 mm,and fleshy proximally, abruptly narrowed to a filiform, 2–2.5mm long portion distally. Style 7–9 mm. Capsule oblongovoid.Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 24*.Abies forests,broad-leaved forests, forest margins, grassy slopes;2800–4000 m. Sichuan, SE Xizang, NW Yunnan.22. CLINTONIA Rafinesque, Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 2: 266. 1818.七 筋 菇 属 qi jin gu shuChen Xinqi ( 陈 心 启 Chen Sing-chi); Minoru N. TamuraHerbs perennial, with a short rhizome. Leaves several, basal, entire. Scape erect, often leafless. Inflorescence terminal,umbellate or racemose, rarely 1-flowered; rachis and pedicels usually elongate in fruit. Flowers small. Tepals 6, free, ascending tospreading, subequal. Stamens 6, inserted at base of tepals; filaments filiform; anthers pseudobasifixed, ellipsoid, semiextrorse. Ovaryovoid-globose, (2 or)3-loculed; ovules several to many per locule. Style columnar; stigma obscurely 3-lobed. Fruit a berry. Seeds 2or more; testa usually brownish.Five species: temperate to subarctic regions of E Asia and North America; one species in <strong>China</strong>.Although Tamura (in Kubitzki, Fam. Gen. Vasc. Pl. 3: 350. 1998) placed Clintonia in the Liliaceae sensu stricto, Wu Zhengyi (editor’s note)believes it should be treated in the segregate family Medeolaceae. Takhtajan (Diversity Classific. Fl. Pl. 487. 1997) recognized Medeolaceae butplaced Clintonia in the Uvulariaceae (pp. 482–483).1. Clintonia udensis Trautvetter & C. A. Meyer in Middendorff,Reise Sibir. 1(Theil 2, Bot. Lief. 3): 92. 1856.七 筋 菇 qi jin guClintonia alpina Kunth ex Baker; C. udensis var. alpina(Kunth ex Baker) H. Hara.Rhizome stiff, ca. 5 mm in thick, covered with fibroussheaths. Leaves 3–5, ± petiolate, obovate, elliptic-obovate, oroblanceolate, 8–25 × 3–16 cm, margin pubescent when young.Scape 10–20 cm, usually to 60 cm in fruit, leafless, denselywhite pubescent. Raceme 3–12-flowered; bracts caducous; pedicelsdensely pubescent, 1–7 cm in fruit. Tepals white or sometimesbluish, oblong,7–12 × 3–4 mm, puberulent abaxially. Stamens4–6(–8) mm. Pistil 6–8 mm; style 3–5 mm. Berry blackishblue, globose or ellipsoid, 7–12 × 7–10 mm, many seeded.Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Oct. 2n = 14, 28.Sparse forests, alpine forests; 1600–4000 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang,Henan, Hubei, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang,Yunnan [Bhutan, India,Japan, Korea, Myanmar, Russia (Far East,Siberia), Sikkim].Compsoa D. Don, nom. rej.23. TRICYRTIS Wallich, Tent. Fl. Napal. 61. 1826, nom. cons.油 点 草 属 you dian cao shuChen Xinqi ( 陈 心 启 Chen Sing-chi); Hiroshi TakahashiHerbs perennial, with short or sometimes long and creeping rhizomes. Stems usually erect or ascending, sometimes brancheddistally. Leaves cauline, alternate, subsessile, usually ± amplexicaul. Inflorescence a thyrse or thyrsoid, rarely a raceme. Flowers bisexual,solitary, showy. Perianth campanulate or trumpet-shaped. Tepals 6, free, white or yellow with purplish spots, usually recurvedor reflexed distally, usually caducous; outer ones saccate or shortly spurred. Stamens 6, inserted at base of tepals; filaments slightlyflattened, proximally connivent to form a short tube; anthers dorsifixed, versatile, extrorse. Ovary 3-loculed; ovules many per locule.Style columnar; stigmatic lobes 3, spreading, apically cleft. Fruit a capsule, broadly cylindric, 3-angled, septicidal. Seeds many, ovateto orbicular, flattened, small.About 18 species: from the Himalayas to E Asia; nine species (six endemic) in <strong>China</strong>.1a. Flowers or inflorescences all axillary ............................................................................................................................... 7. T. suzukii1b. Flowers or inflorescences terminal or sometimes also axillary.2a. Ovary and capsule densely pubescent .................................................................................................................. 4. T. lasiocarpa2b. Ovary and capsule glabrous or subglabrous.
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34b. Stem very short; leaves basal
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simple, erect, usually with a few s
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ciflorus and S. spicatus Klotzsch);
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pendulous .........................
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ase, persistent. Stamens 6, free or
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Helonias umbellata (Baker) N. Tanak
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6-11 cm, adaxially sometimes with p
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小 重 楼 xiao chong louPlants 7-
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14b. Paris thibetica var. apetala H
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slightly convex connective apically
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when dried, not wrinkled adaxially
- Page 28 and 29: 80b. Flowers much smaller, tepals 2
- Page 30 and 31: 8. Smilax davidiana A. de Candolle
- Page 32 and 33: present. Leaf blade abaxially sligh
- Page 34 and 35: This species was misidentified in F
- Page 36 and 37: slightly shorter than petiole; umbe
- Page 38 and 39: 马 甲 菝 葜 ma jia ba qiaVines
- Page 40 and 41: Vines climbing, usually unarmed. St
- Page 42 and 43: 70. Smilax bauhinioides Kunth, Enum
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- Page 46 and 47: persistent tepals. Seeds many, glob
- Page 48 and 49: Imag. Descr. Fl. Russ. 8. 1844; Gag
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- Page 68 and 69: Lilium nanum Klotzsch var. brevisty
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- Page 86 and 87: latipetalum Collett & Hemsley; D. p
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- Page 120 and 121: 昆 仑 韭 kun lun jiuBulbs cluste
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- Page 124 and 125: 北 葱 bei congBulbs usually clust
- Page 126 and 127: 112. Allium songpanicum J. M. Xu in
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Style exserted. Fl. and fr. May-Jul
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Forests on shady slopes, sands, san
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stigma small. Fruit a capsule, glob
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90: 27. 1931.紫 萼 zi eBryocles v
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Tepals white, linear, membranous; o
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19a. Male flowers 2-4 mm; branches
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perianth yellowish green, campanula
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Asparagus soongoricus Iljin.Herbs d
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北 天 门 冬 bei tian men dongAs
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fr. Sep-Nov.Forests, bamboo forests
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Tovaria oleracea Baker, J. Linn. So
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nate at base, outer ones broadly ov
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2.5 mm. Style ca. 2 mm; stigma capi
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38b. Peduncle usually 1-1.5 cm; inf
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5-12(-17)-flowered; peduncle 3-5 cm
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Himal. Mts. 1: 380. 1839.对 叶
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mm. Perianth pale yellow, cylindric
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nan [Laos, Thailand, Vietnam].2. Di
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Convallaria keiskei Miquel; C. keis
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margin, free part very short. Ovary
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sometimes greenish, ovate to lanceo
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Liang Songyun ( 梁 松 筠 Liang S
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lobes with a white hollow on adaxia
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ar-lanceolate, 30-40 × 3-5 cm, lea
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26. Aspidistra cruciformis Y. Wan &
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Fl. Apr. 2n = 36*.SW Guangxi (Longz
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2.5 mm. Flowers solitary, sometimes
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17b. Plants less than 40 cm tall; t
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asal one 6-8 mm. Flowers solitary;
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2n = 36*, 72*.Dense forests, mossy
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Plants stoloniferous; stolons with
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ulate distally. Tepals purple, or w
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Stem 2-3 cm. Leaves 2 or 3; petiole