2b. Flowers not campanulate, tepals spreading, recurved, or revolute; stamens diverging.4a. Flowers erect; tepals spreading or slightly recurved ......................................................................................... 3. L. tsingtauense4b. Flowers nodding to horizontal; tepals revolute.5a. Nectaries papillose on both surfaces.6a. Bulb scales not articulate; tepals purple-red, with deeply colored spots ....................................................... 2. L. martagon6b. Bulb scales articulate; tepals pale orange-red, with purple-red spots ............................................................ 4. L. distichum5b. Nectaries not papillose.7a. Bulb scales articulate; tepals apricot-colored to scarlet, with black spots, scarcely thickened ................. 5. L. medeoloides7b. Bulb scales not articulate; tepals yellow or red-orange, with brown spots, thickened .................................... 1. L. hansonii1b. Leaves alternate.8a. Flowers funnelform or campanulate; stamens distally curved upward or converging.9a. Flowers horizontally spreading or nodding, funnelform; tepals white, unspotted; stamens curved upward distally.10a. Nectaries papillose on both surfaces; leaf axils without bulblets.11a. Bracts lanceolate, not curved apically; style glabrous ................................................................................... 45. L. brownii11b. Bracts linear-lanceolate, curved apically; style densely pubescent proximally ........................................ 46. L. anhuiense10b. Nectaries not papillose; leaf axils sometimes with bulblets in distal part of stem.12a. Leaf axils in distal part of stem with bulblets.13a. Filaments glabrous; bulblets brown ..................................................................................................... 52. L. sulphureum13b. Filaments densely pubescent proximally; bulblets green ...................................................................... 53. L. sargentiae12b. Leaf axils without bulblets.14a. Bulb scales articulate .......................................................................................................................... 47. L. wenshanense14b. Bulb scales not articulate.15a. Leaves linear, 2–7 mm wide.16a. Leaves 2–3 mm wide, papillose at margin and on midvein abaxially ................................................... 48. L. regale16b. Leaves 4–13 mm wide, smooth at margin and on midvein abaxially ......................................... 49. L. formosanum15b. Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 6–18 mm wide.17a. Filaments glabrous ......................................................................................................................... 50. L. longiflorum17b. Filaments pubescent ...................................................................................................................... 51. L. leucanthum9b. Flowers campanulate, spotted or unspotted; stamens converging.18a. Nectaries of inner tepals papillose or with fimbriate projections on both surfaces.19a. Nectaries of inner tepals papillose on both surfaces; flowers erect.20a. Leaves not white woolly basally; stem papillose; style slightly shorter than ovary; tepals 2–6 cm ....... 11. L. concolor20b. Leaves with a cluster of white woolly hairs basally; stem smooth; style more than 2 × as long asovary; tepals 7–9 cm ............................................................................................................................... 12. L. dauricum19b. Nectaries of inner tepals with fimbriate projections on both surfaces; flowers nodding or horizontal.21a. Tepals yellow, pale yellow, or greenish yellow, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate ................................ 8. L. lophophorum21b. Tepals pale purple, purple-red, or yellow, rarely white, often spotted purplish, elliptic or ovate-elliptic.22a. Style 4–6 mm; bulb scales white ................................................................................................................ 9. L. nanum22b. Style ca. 1 mm; bulb scales purple ................................................................................................... 10. L. brevistylum18b. Nectaries of inner tepals neither papillose nor with fimbriate projections.23a. Leaves 12–15 cm; flowers usually 5 or 6; tepals white, with a dark purple-red blotch at base adaxially ..... 13. L. henrici23b. Leaves 2.5–8 cm; flowers usually 3 or 4; tepals variable in color, without a dark purple-red blotch atbase adaxially.24a. Stem papillose.25a. Leaves papillose at margin and on midvein abaxially; flowers 6.5–8.3 × 5.5–6 cm ...................... 14. L. bakerianum25b. Leaves smooth; flowers 3.5–4 × 3–3.5 cm.26a. Tepals white, with purple-red speckles basally .................................................................... 15. L. sempervivoideum26b. Tepals purple-red or rose purple, with red spots .............................................................................. 16. L. amoenum24b. Stem smooth.27a. Leaves narrowly linear or subulate, 1–2(–3) mm wide ..................................................................... 17. L. pinifolium27b. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, narrowly elliptic, or lanceolate, 6–24 mm wide.28a. Leaves 7–8 × 1.6–2.4 cm; tepals pale red .................................................................................... 20. L. huidongense28b. Leaves 2–6 × 0.6–1.5 cm; tepals purple-red.29a. Tepals adaxially not speckled, basally not saccate ............................................................................ 18. L. souliei29b. Tepals adaxially speckled, basally saccate .................................................................................... 19. L. saccatum8b. Flowers neither funnelform nor campanulate (slightly funnelform in L. nepalense); tepals revolute or not;stamens diverging apically.30a. Nectaries not papillose, sometimes with fimbriate projections.
31a. Leaves shortly petiolate; nectaries with fimbriate projections on both surfaces.32a. Leaves similar in shape; tepals white, with purple-red blotches and spots on proximal 1/3–1/2, marginundulate ...................................................................................................................................................... 21. L. speciosum32b. Leaves conspicuously dimorphic; tepals yellow or orange, margin entire.33a. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 20–27 mm wide; capsule brown, oblong, 4–4.5 × ca. 3.5 cm .......................... 22. L. henryi33b. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 8–10 mm wide; capsule brownish green, narrowly oblong,5.5–6.5 × 1.4–1.8 cm ............................................................................................................................... 23. L. rosthornii31b. Leaves sessile; nectaries without fimbriate projections.34a. Tepals primrose yellow, greenish yellow, or pale yellow, rarely yellowish white or orange-yellow, unspotted.35a. Leaves lanceolate, 3-veined ................................................................................................................. 24. L. primulinum35b. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 5-veined ....................................................................................................... 25. L. nepalense34b. Tepals white, pale purple-red, pink, or greenish yellow, with purple-red spots.36a. Tepals pale purple-red or pink; style at least 3 × as long as ovary; leaves narrowly lanceolate, with 3impressed veins adaxially ............................................................................................................................. 26. L. wardii36b. Tepals equaling or slightly longer than ovary; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, without 3 impressedveins adaxially.37a. Flower solitary.38a. Tepals white, tinged pale brown .................................................................................................... 27. L. matangense38b. Tepals greenish or greenish yellow.39a. Tepals greenish yellow, with deep red spots; filaments much longer than anthers ............... 28. L. stewartianum39b. Tepals greenish, with purple spots throughout; filaments slightly shorter than anthers ............... 29. L. habaense37b. Flowers 2–5(–13) in a raceme.40a. Leaves narrowly oblong or ovate-lanceolate, 5–11 × 1.5–3 cm .................................................... 32. L. lijiangense40b. Leaves linear, linear-lanceolate, or lanceolate, 5–10 × 0.8–1.5 cm.41a. Tepals white, with purple spots; style subequaling or slightly longer than ovary ........................... 30. L. taliense41b. Tepals white or yellow, purple at base and with purple spots apically; style ca. 2 × as longas ovary .................................................................................................................................... 31. L. jinfushanense30b. Nectaries papillose on both surfaces.42a. Leaf axils in distal part of stem with bulblets .................................................................................................. 44. L. tigrinum42b. Leaf axils without bulblets.43a. Leaves narrowly lanceolate to oblong.44a. Tepals red, with black or purple spots and fimbriate projections.45a. Plants white hispidulous ......................................................................................................................... 35. L. amabile45b. Plants not white hispidulous, white woolly when young ..................................................................... 36. L. leichtlinii44b. Tepals white or pink, with purple spots, without fimbriate projections.46a. Leaf axils with a cluster of white hairs; leaf veins not elevated abaxially; tepals white, withpurple-red spots ................................................................................................................................... 33. L. duchartrei46b. Leaf axils without hairs; leaf veins elevated abaxially; tepals pink, with deep red spots .............. 34. L. lankongense43b. Leaves linear.47a. Nectaries papillose and crested on both surfaces.48a. Bulb yellow, 4.5 × 4–5 cm ................................................................................................................. 43. L. xanthellum48b. Bulb white, 2–3 × 1.5–2.5 cm49a. Tepals purple-red to reddish brown, unspotted ............................................................................ 41. L. papilliferum49b. Tepals greenish white, with purple or purple-brown spots .................................................................. 42. L. fargesii47b. Nectaries only papillose on both surfaces, not crested.50a. Bracts thickened apically ...................................................................................................................... 40. L. callosum50b. Bracts not thickened apically.51a. Tepals bright red or white, usually unspotted, occasionally with a few spots near base.52a. Tepals bright red, not minutely papillose adaxially ........................................................................ 37. L. pumilum52b. Tepals white, minutely papillose adaxially ........................................................................... 54. L. tianschanicum51b. Tepals pale purple-red or orange, darker purple spotted proximally.53a. Stem densely papillose; tepals orange, 5–6 cm ................................................................................. 38. L. davidii53b. Stem not papillose; tepals pale purple-red, 3.5–4.5 cm ................................................................. 39. L. cernuum1. Lilium hansonii Leichtlin ex D. T. Moore, Moore’s RuralNew Yorker 24: 60. 1871.竹 叶 百 合 zhu ye bai heLilium medeoloides A. Gray var. obovata Franchet &Savatier.Bulb ovoid-globose or subglobose, 3–7 cm in diam.;scales white to yellowish white, ovate to subdeltoid, not articulate.Stem 1–1.5 m. Leaves 4–12-whorled plus a few scattered
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34b. Stem very short; leaves basal
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simple, erect, usually with a few s
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ciflorus and S. spicatus Klotzsch);
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pendulous .........................
- Page 14 and 15: ase, persistent. Stamens 6, free or
- Page 16 and 17: Helonias umbellata (Baker) N. Tanak
- Page 18 and 19: 6-11 cm, adaxially sometimes with p
- Page 20 and 21: 小 重 楼 xiao chong louPlants 7-
- Page 22 and 23: 14b. Paris thibetica var. apetala H
- Page 24 and 25: slightly convex connective apically
- Page 26 and 27: when dried, not wrinkled adaxially
- Page 28 and 29: 80b. Flowers much smaller, tepals 2
- Page 30 and 31: 8. Smilax davidiana A. de Candolle
- Page 32 and 33: present. Leaf blade abaxially sligh
- Page 34 and 35: This species was misidentified in F
- Page 36 and 37: slightly shorter than petiole; umbe
- Page 38 and 39: 马 甲 菝 葜 ma jia ba qiaVines
- Page 40 and 41: Vines climbing, usually unarmed. St
- Page 42 and 43: 70. Smilax bauhinioides Kunth, Enum
- Page 44 and 45: 4a. Male umbel 5-9-flowered; filame
- Page 46 and 47: persistent tepals. Seeds many, glob
- Page 48 and 49: Imag. Descr. Fl. Russ. 8. 1844; Gag
- Page 50 and 51: ca. 2/3 as wide as inner ones.6a. I
- Page 52 and 53: 1a. Bracts 2-4, much smaller than l
- Page 54 and 55: oblong to lanceolate, 2-2.5 cm × 6
- Page 56 and 57: 12b. Leaves 0.5-1 cm wide; inflores
- Page 58 and 59: Yunnan.The bulbs are used medicinal
- Page 60 and 61: 甘 肃 贝 母 gan su bei muFritil
- Page 62 and 63: ather long, slender; stigma 3-lobed
- Page 66 and 67: etween apical whorl and basal bract
- Page 68 and 69: Lilium nanum Klotzsch var. brevisty
- Page 70 and 71: 2.5-3 cm × 5-10 mm. Stem 20-30 cm,
- Page 72 and 73: 5.5-6 cm × 8-10 mm, margin revolut
- Page 74 and 75: woolly hairs ......................
- Page 76 and 77: 3-5-veined, margin papillose. Flowe
- Page 78 and 79: 3a. Inner tepals neither spotted no
- Page 80 and 81: 3a. Stems subglabrous.4a. Flowers p
- Page 82 and 83: Tepals obliquely outward spreading,
- Page 84 and 85: 12a. Tepals white to cream, spotted
- Page 86 and 87: latipetalum Collett & Hemsley; D. p
- Page 88 and 89: only slightly exserted from periant
- Page 90 and 91: laysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines
- Page 92 and 93: 3b. Perianth tube longer, to 4 cm,r
- Page 94 and 95: About 660 species: N hemisphere, ma
- Page 96 and 97: 44a. Scape 10-15(-20) cm; perianth
- Page 98 and 99: 85b. Perianth segments 3-6 mm; fila
- Page 100 and 101: 125b. Inner filaments entire at bas
- Page 102 and 103: Leaf blade without white main veins
- Page 104 and 105: irregularly 2-lobed. Filaments subu
- Page 106 and 107: Scrub, moist places; 4500-5000 m. S
- Page 108 and 109: Forests, slopes, pastures; 1600-330
- Page 110 and 111: (40-)50-80 cm, terete, covered with
- Page 112 and 113: 2/3-5/6 as long as perianth segment
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Filaments shorter than perianth seg
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umbel, covered with leaf sheaths on
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shores; 1900-3700 m. Xinjiang [Afgh
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昆 仑 韭 kun lun jiuBulbs cluste
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Bulb solitary or clustered, applana
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北 葱 bei congBulbs usually clust
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112. Allium songpanicum J. M. Xu in
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Style exserted. Fl. and fr. May-Jul
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Forests on shady slopes, sands, san
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stigma small. Fruit a capsule, glob
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90: 27. 1931.紫 萼 zi eBryocles v
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Tepals white, linear, membranous; o
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19a. Male flowers 2-4 mm; branches
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perianth yellowish green, campanula
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Asparagus soongoricus Iljin.Herbs d
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北 天 门 冬 bei tian men dongAs
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fr. Sep-Nov.Forests, bamboo forests
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Tovaria oleracea Baker, J. Linn. So
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nate at base, outer ones broadly ov
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2.5 mm. Style ca. 2 mm; stigma capi
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38b. Peduncle usually 1-1.5 cm; inf
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5-12(-17)-flowered; peduncle 3-5 cm
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Himal. Mts. 1: 380. 1839.对 叶
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mm. Perianth pale yellow, cylindric
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nan [Laos, Thailand, Vietnam].2. Di
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Convallaria keiskei Miquel; C. keis
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margin, free part very short. Ovary
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sometimes greenish, ovate to lanceo
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Liang Songyun ( 梁 松 筠 Liang S
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lobes with a white hollow on adaxia
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ar-lanceolate, 30-40 × 3-5 cm, lea
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26. Aspidistra cruciformis Y. Wan &
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Fl. Apr. 2n = 36*.SW Guangxi (Longz
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2.5 mm. Flowers solitary, sometimes
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17b. Plants less than 40 cm tall; t
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asal one 6-8 mm. Flowers solitary;
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2n = 36*, 72*.Dense forests, mossy
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Plants stoloniferous; stolons with
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ulate distally. Tepals purple, or w
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Stem 2-3 cm. Leaves 2 or 3; petiole