This species was misidentified in FRPS as Smilax glaucophyllaKlotzsch.32. Smilax corbularia Kunth, Enum. Pl. 5: 262. 1850.筐 条 菝 葜 kuang tiao ba qiaVines climbing, unarmed. Stem branched, 3–9 m, woody.Petiole 0.8–1.4 cm, narrowly winged for ca. 1/2 its length;wings each with a lanceolate auricle (2–6 mm) apically; abscissionzone apical; tendrils usually present. Leaf blade abaxiallyglaucous, ovate to oblong-elliptic, 4–14 × 2–4.5(–7) cm, leathery,margin recurved. Inflorescence of 1 umbel, basally notprophyllate; peduncle 4–15 mm; umbels of both sexes 10–20-flowered, base thickened; bracteoles many, persistent. Maleflowers: tepals not spreading, greenish yellow, outer ones cymbiform,2.5–3 × ca. 2 mm, inner ones 2–2.5 × ca. 1 mm, thickened,abaxially concave; filaments connate, forming a short column.Female flowers: tepals 2–2.5 mm; staminodes 3. Berriesdark red, globose, 6–7 mm in diam. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Dec.Forests, thickets; near sea level to 1600 m. Guangdong, Guangxi,Hainan, Yunnan [Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Vietnam].Three closely allied taxa, Smilax corbularia, S. hypoglauca, and S.synandra, form a natural group in SE Asia. Among them, S. synandradiffers rather distinctly from the others in its partly connate tepals(rather like those of Heterosmilax), the tube of which is sometimes 4-angled. Certain intermediates blur the distinction between S. corbulariaand S. hypoglauca. In addition to the key characters, the leaf blades ofS. hypoglauca tend to be thinner than those of S. corbularia, and theumbels of the former species bear far fewer flowers than those of thelatter. The differences among the taxa might be ecological, in whichcase intensive future field investigations would be necessary.1a. Leaf blade adaxially slightly shiny, withconspicuous, reticulate veins, basesubrounded, margin slightlyrecurved ............................................... 32a. var. corbularia1b. Leaf blade adaxially shiny, withinconspicuous, reticulate veins, baseshallowly cordate to broadly cuneate,margin strongly recurved .......................... 32b. var. woodii32a. Smilax corbularia var. corbularia筐 条 菝 葜 ( 原 变 种 ) kuang tiao ba qia (yuan bian zhong)Smilax banglaoensis R. H. Miao.Leaf blade ovate, ovate-oblong, or narrowly elliptic, adaxiallyslightly shiny, reticulate veins conspicuous adaxially, basesubrounded, margin slightly recurved.Forests, thickets; near sea level to 1600 m. Guangdong, Guangxi,Hainan, Yunnan [Myanmar, Vietnam].32b. Smilax corbulariavar. woodii (Merrill) T. Koyama,Quart.J. Taiwan Mus. 13: 15. 1960.光 叶 菝 葜 guang ye ba qiaSmilax woodii Merrill, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 15: 27.1929; S. amaurophlebia Merrill; S. balansana Baillon exGagnepain.Leaf blade ovate to ovate-elliptic, adaxially shiny, reticulateveins inconspicuous adaxially, base shallowly cordate tobroadly cuneate, margin strongly recurved.Forests; near sea level to 500 m. Hainan [Indonesia, Malaysia].33. Smilax synandra Gagnepain, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 81:73. 1934.筒 被 菝 葜 tong bei ba qiaHeterosmilax erecta F. T. Wang & Tang; Smilax corbulariaKunth subsp. synandra (Gagnepain) T. Koyama.Shrubs suberect to subscandent, unarmed. Stem andbranches slightly 4-angled. Petiole 5–10 mm, narrowly wingedfor ca. 1/2 its length; wings each with a lanceolate auricle apicaly;abscission zone apical; tendrils absent. Leaf blade abaxiallyglaucous, oblong or ovate-oblong, 6–15 × 1.2–7 cm, papery,abaxially minutely white powdery. Inflorescence of 1umbel, basally not prophyllate; peduncle compressed, slender,1.2–1.5 cm; umbels of both sexes 10–20-flowered, base thickened;bracteoles lanceolate. Male flowers: outer tepals 2–2.5mm, connate for ca. 1/2 their length, forming a tube, inner onesadnate to filaments; filaments connate, forming a column. Femaleflowers: perianth tubular-campanulate, 2.5–3 mm, apicallywith 3 obtuse teeth and 3 abortive inner tepals; staminodes 3.Fl. Jan.Wastelands, grassy slopes; near sea level to 1000 m. Guangdong,Hainan, SE Yunnan [Thailand, Vietnam].34. Smilax hypoglauca Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 369. 1861.粉 背 菝 葜 fen bei ba qiaSmilax corbularia Kunth var. hypoglauca (Bentham) T.KoyamaVines climbing, unarmed. Stem branched, 2–3(–4) m,woody, smooth. Petiole 0.7–1.3 cm, narrowly winged for ca.1/2 its length; wings apically lanceolate-auriculate; abscissionzone apical; tendrils usually rather long. Leaf blade abaxiallyglaucous, narrowly elliptic to ovate-oblong, 5–12 × 2–5 cm,leathery, main veins 3–5, margin slightly recurved. Inflorescenceof 1 umbel, basally not prophyllate; peduncle 1–5 mm;umbels of both sexes 10–20-flowered, base thickened; bracteolesmany, small. Male flowers: tepals not spreading, greenish,outer ones ca. 2.5 × 1.8 mm, inner ones ca. 2.2 × 1 mm, thickened,abaxially concave; filaments connate, forming a short column.Female flowers: tepals 2.2–2.5 mm; staminodes 3. Berriesglobose, 8–10 mm in diam. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Dec.Open forests, thicket margins; near sea level to 1300 m. Fujian,Guangdong, Guizhou, Jiangxi, ?Yunnan.35. Smilax hayatae T. Koyama, Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 10: 15.1957.菱 叶 菝 葜 ling ye ba qiaSmilax gracillima Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo30: 359. 1911, not H. Léveillé & Vaniot (1905).Shrubs suberect to subscandent. Stem branched, terete,slender, smooth. Petiole 2–5(–8) mm, winged for 1/2–3/5 itslength; wings ca. 3 mm, apically with a deltoid-lanceolate au-
icle 1–1.5 mm; abscission zone apical; tendrils absent. Leafblade ovate-rhombic or rhombic-elliptic, 3–5(–7) × 1–2.5(–4.5)cm. Male inflorescence of 1 umbel, basally not prophyllate;peduncle slender, 0.7–1.7(–2.2) cm; umbel 2–7-flowered, basescarcely thickened. Male flowers: tepals greenish, outer oneslinear-oblong, 1–2 × 0.4–0.8 mm, inner ones ca. 1 × 0.2 mm;stamens ca. 1/2 as long as tepals; anthers subglobose. Femaleflowers unknown. Berries red, globose, ca. 8 mm in diam. Fl.Apr, fr. Oct.Forests, hillsides along valleys or streams; 900–1500 m. NGuangdong, Taiwan.36. Smilax austrozhejiangensis Q. Lin, Acta Phytotax. Sin.28: 71. 1990.浙 南 菝 葜 zhe nan ba qiaShrubs suberect, unarmed. Stem branched, 50–100 cm,smooth. Petiole 2–5 mm, narrowly winged for 1/2–3/4 itslength; wings apically with an ovate-lanceolate auricle ca. 1mm; abscission zone just above winged portion; tendrils absent.Leaf blade abaxially glaucous, ovate-lanceolate, ovate, or oblong-lanceolate,3–7.5 × 1–3 cm. Inflorescence racemose orsometimes subumbellate, basally not prophyllate; peduncleslender, 1–2 cm; umbels of both sexes 2–7-flowered; bracteolessmall, persistent. Male flowers: tepals elliptic, ca. 1.5 × 0.5–0.8mm; stamens 0.7–0.8 mm. Female flowers: tepals ca. 1 × 0.5mm; staminodes 6. Berries orange-red, globose, 5–7 mm indiam. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jul–Nov.Forests, shrubby slopes; 500–600 m. S Zhejiang.37. Smilax aberrans Gagnepain, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 81: 71.1934.弯 梗 菝 葜 wan geng ba qiaSmilax tsaii F. T. Wang.Subshrubs or shrubs, suberect, unarmed. Stem branched,0.5–2 m, smooth. Petiole 0.7–1.5 cm, papillose distally, wingedfor ca. 1/3 its length; abscission zone subapical; tendrils absent.Leaf blade elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 7–12 × 2.5–6.5 cm, abaxiallypapillose-pubescent or powdery-scabrous particularly onreticulate veins. Inflorescence borne in axil of leaf or scalelikebract on young branches, of 1 umbel, basally not prophyllate;peduncle 4–6.5 cm; umbels of both sexes 5–20-flowered. Maleflowers: tepals greenish yellow or pale purple, 2–2.5 × ca. 1mm; stamens very short. Female flowers: tepals grayish white,1.5–2 × ca. 0.8 mm; staminodes 6. Berries globose, 8–11 mm indiam.; carpopodium recurved. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. Dec.Forests, thickets, shaded places along streams; near sea level to1600 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan [Vietnam].38. Smilax retroflexa (F. T. Wang & Tang) S. C. Chen, ActaPhytotax. Sin. 34: 436. 1996.苍 白 菝 葜 cang bai ba qiaSmilax aberrans Gagnepain var. retroflexa F. T. Wang &Tang, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 15: 254. 1978; S. aberranssubsp. retroflexa (F. T. Wang & Tang) T. Koyama.Subshrubs or shrubs, suberect, unarmed. Stem branched,to 1 m, smooth. Petiole 1–1.5 cm, widened toward base,abaxially striate-ridged, sometimes papillose distally, narrowlywinged for ca. 1/3 its length; abscission zone subapical; tendrilsabsent. Leaf blade abaxially very glaucous, elliptic to ovate, 5–11 × 2–5.5 cm, abaxially glabrous. Inflorescence borne in axilof leaf or scalelike bract on young branches, of 1 umbel, basallynot prophyllate; peduncle 2–4 cm; umbels of both sexes 3–20-flowered. Male flowers: tepals ca. 2 × 1 mm; stamens veryshort, ca. 1/4 as long as tepals; filaments basally connate, forminga short column ca. 0.2 mm. Berries subglobose, ca. 1 cm indiam.; carpopodium recurved. Fl. Apr, fr. Nov.Forests, thickets, shady places along streams; 900–1700 m.Guangxi, Guizhou, SW Sichuan, S Yunnan [Vietnam].39. Smilax darrisii H. Léveillé, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.12: 553. 1913.平 滑 菝 葜 ping hua ba qiaShrubs suberect to subscandent, unarmed. Stem branched,terete, 50–100 cm, smooth. Petiole slender, 3–7 mm, narrowlywinged for 1/3–1/2 its length; abscission zone apical; tendrilssometimes present. Leaf blade usually turning blackish whendried, abaxially glaucous, ovate-elliptic to elliptic, 2–5 × 1–2.5cm. Inflorescence of 1(or 2) umbels, basally not prophyllate;peduncle slender, 3–7 mm; umbel 1–3-flowered, base not thickened;bracteoles small, usually caducous. Male flowers: tepals2–2.5 × 0.8–1.3 mm; stamens 1–1.5 mm. Female flowers unknown.Berries purplish black, globose, 5–7 mm in diam. Fl.Jun, fr. Nov.Forested slopes; 1100–2200 m. Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan.This species is quite different from Smilax microphylla C. H.Wright in having elliptic leaves that are blackish when dried and ascarcely swollen peduncle apex.40. Smilax mairei H. Léveillé, Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 25:39. 1915.无 刺 菝 葜 wu ci ba qiaShrubs suberect, unarmed. Stem branched, smooth. Petiole4–6 mm, narrowly winged for ca. 3/4 its length; wingseach with a small auricle (0.3–0.5 mm) apically; abscissionzone subapical; tendrils absent. Leaf blade ovate, 1–3.3 × 0.6–1.5 cm, rounded at base. Male inflorescence of 1 umbel, basallynot prophyllate; peduncle 3–4 mm; umbel usually 7–10-flowered;pedicels 2–5 mm. Male flowers: tepals yellow, ovate, ca. 1× 0.6 mm; stamens nearly 1/2 as long as tepals; filaments free.Female flowers and fruit unknown. Fl. Jun.Rocks; ca. 2400 m. ?Xizang, Yunnan.41. Smilax longebracteolata J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 6:305. 1892.长 苞 菝 葜 chang bao ba qiaSmilax elegansWallich ex Kunth subsp. subrecta Noltie.Vines climbing, unarmed. Stem branched, 1–5 m, woody,smooth. Petiole 0.5–1.5(–2) cm, narrowly winged for 1/2–2/3its length; abscission zone apical; tendrils usually present. Leafblade abaxially glaucous, ovate, oblong-ovate, or triangular-lanceolate,3.5–9 × 1–5 cm. Inflorescence of 1 umbel, basally notprophyllate; peduncle 5–12 mm, slightly compressed, usually
- Page 3: 34b. Stem very short; leaves basal
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- Page 9 and 10: ciflorus and S. spicatus Klotzsch);
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- Page 38 and 39: 马 甲 菝 葜 ma jia ba qiaVines
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- Page 42 and 43: 70. Smilax bauhinioides Kunth, Enum
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12a. Tepals white to cream, spotted
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latipetalum Collett & Hemsley; D. p
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only slightly exserted from periant
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laysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines
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3b. Perianth tube longer, to 4 cm,r
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About 660 species: N hemisphere, ma
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44a. Scape 10-15(-20) cm; perianth
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85b. Perianth segments 3-6 mm; fila
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125b. Inner filaments entire at bas
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Leaf blade without white main veins
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irregularly 2-lobed. Filaments subu
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Scrub, moist places; 4500-5000 m. S
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Forests, slopes, pastures; 1600-330
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(40-)50-80 cm, terete, covered with
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2/3-5/6 as long as perianth segment
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Filaments shorter than perianth seg
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umbel, covered with leaf sheaths on
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shores; 1900-3700 m. Xinjiang [Afgh
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昆 仑 韭 kun lun jiuBulbs cluste
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Bulb solitary or clustered, applana
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北 葱 bei congBulbs usually clust
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112. Allium songpanicum J. M. Xu in
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Style exserted. Fl. and fr. May-Jul
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Forests on shady slopes, sands, san
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stigma small. Fruit a capsule, glob
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90: 27. 1931.紫 萼 zi eBryocles v
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Tepals white, linear, membranous; o
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19a. Male flowers 2-4 mm; branches
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perianth yellowish green, campanula
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Asparagus soongoricus Iljin.Herbs d
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北 天 门 冬 bei tian men dongAs
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fr. Sep-Nov.Forests, bamboo forests
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Tovaria oleracea Baker, J. Linn. So
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nate at base, outer ones broadly ov
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2.5 mm. Style ca. 2 mm; stigma capi
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38b. Peduncle usually 1-1.5 cm; inf
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5-12(-17)-flowered; peduncle 3-5 cm
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Himal. Mts. 1: 380. 1839.对 叶
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mm. Perianth pale yellow, cylindric
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nan [Laos, Thailand, Vietnam].2. Di
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Convallaria keiskei Miquel; C. keis
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margin, free part very short. Ovary
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sometimes greenish, ovate to lanceo
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Liang Songyun ( 梁 松 筠 Liang S
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lobes with a white hollow on adaxia
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ar-lanceolate, 30-40 × 3-5 cm, lea
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26. Aspidistra cruciformis Y. Wan &
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Fl. Apr. 2n = 36*.SW Guangxi (Longz
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2.5 mm. Flowers solitary, sometimes
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17b. Plants less than 40 cm tall; t
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asal one 6-8 mm. Flowers solitary;
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2n = 36*, 72*.Dense forests, mossy
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Plants stoloniferous; stolons with
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ulate distally. Tepals purple, or w
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Stem 2-3 cm. Leaves 2 or 3; petiole