LILIACEAE - China

cel (2–)4–5 mm, articulate near middle. Tepals purple or lilacpurple,elliptic-oblong, 3.5–4 × 1.5–1.8 mm. Filaments ca. 1.5mm; anthers equaling filaments. Style ca. 2 mm; stigma small,slightly 3-lobed. Seeds blackish purple at maturity, globose, 6–7 mm in diam. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 36*, 72*, 108,(112*).Forests, bamboo forests, scrub, shady and moist places in ravinesand on slopes; 100–1400(–2000) m.Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi,Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Sichuan,Taiwan, Zhejiang [Japan].56. OPHIOPOGON Ker Gawler, Bot. Mag. 27: t. 1063. 1807, nom. cons.沿 阶 草 属 yan jie cao shuChen Xinqi ( 陈 心 启 Chen Sing-chi); Minoru N. TamuraChloopsis Blume; Flueggea Richard (1807), not Willdenow (1806); Mondo Adanson, nom. rej.; Slateria Desvaux.Herbs perennial, rhizomatous, sometimes stoloniferous. Roots occasionally woody or with fleshy, tuberous part near tip. Stemsuberect or prostrate, usually simple, elongate or short, sometimes indistinct. Leaves basal or cauline, alternate, tufted or scattered,sessile or petiolate, linear to oblong, usually whitish streaked abaxially. Scape arising from a leaf axil. Inflorescence a raceme or reducedpanicle, rarely a panicle, several to many flowered; bracts small. Flowers bisexual, campanulate to opening flat, usually nodding;pedicel articulate. Tepals 6, free, deciduous or persistent in fruit. Stamens 6, inserted at base of tepals; filaments usually veryshort; anthers basifixed, sometimes connate. Ovary semi-inferior, 3-loculed; ovules 2(–6) per locule, basal. Style 1, columnar; stigmacapitate, small. Fruit bursting irregularly at an early stage and exposing young seeds. Seeds usually blue at maturity, berrylike.About 65 species: warm-temperate, subtropical, and tropical Asia; 47 species (38 endemic) in China.Several species with elongate stems bearing distant tufts of leaves were recently described. They have not yet been well studied, and are heretreated provisionally as different species, although future research is needed to clarify their exact circumscription.1a. Inflorescence a panicle ........................................................................................................................................... 47. O. paniculatus1b. Inflorescence a raceme or reduced panicle.2a. Stem elongate, not rhizomelike, with spaced nodes; leaves in distant tufts (rarely in a single, subterminal tuft)or laxly scattered.3a. Leaves laxly scattered.4a. Raceme 5–10-flowered; bracts white, basal one ca. 6 mm; pedicels articulate proximally; tepals white orpurplish, ca. 5 mm ................................................................................................................................................ 14. O. chingii4b. Raceme ca. 60-flowered; bracts pale green, basal one ca. 6 cm; pedicels articulate distally; tepals salmonpink, ca. 3.5 mm ..................................................................................................................................................... 15. O. filipes3b. Leaves in distant tufts, rarely in a single, subterminal tuft.5a. Stem with a single, subterminal tuft of leaves ........................................................................................ 23. O. hongjiangensis5b. Stem with distant tufts of leaves.6a. Leaves distinctly petiolate.7a. At least some flowers in clusters of 2 or 3 ............................................................................................ 2. O. dracaenoides7b. Flowers all solitary.8a. Anthers 2–4 mm, much shorter than tepals.9a. Stem covered with purple-brown or deep brown sheaths; leaf blade 15–30 mm wide .................. 1. O. sarmentosus9b. Stem covered with greenish to grayish sheaths; leaf blade 4–8 mm wide ............................................ 5. O. sylvicola8b. Anthers 6–7 mm, slightly shorter than or nearly as long as tepals.10a. Anthers free; tepals spreading ............................................................................................................. 3. O. tienensis10b. Anthers connate; tepals revolute .................................................................................................... 4. O. heterandrus6b. Leaves basally attenuate, indistinctly petiolate or subsessile.11a. Inflorescence densely 110–180-flowered; anthers connate, ca. 1/2 as long as style ............................. 8. O. multiflorus11b. Inflorescence laxly several to 60-flowered; anthers free, slightly shorter than or equaling style.12a. Bracts nearly as long as pedicels.13a. Leaves 3–4 mm wide; pedicels articulate near middle ......................................................................... 7. O. reptans13b. Leaves 7–16 mm wide; pedicels articulate proximally.14a. Scape and inflorescence (20–)30–45 cm; bracts linear-lanceolate ........................................... 10. O. motouensis14b. Scape and inflorescence ca. 12 cm; bracts ovate to ovate-lanceolate .................................. 11. O. menglianensis12b. Bracts much longer than pedicels.15a. Tepals white, 7.5–9 mm ................................................................................................................ 6. O. yunnanensis15b. Tepals purplish, 2.5–7 mm.16a. Tepals ca. 2.5 mm; pedicel 2–3 mm ....................................................................................................... 9. O. tsaii16b. Tepals 4.8–7 mm; pedicel 6–9 mm.17a. Plants to 70 cm tall; tepals 4.8–5 mm ............................................................................. 12. O. jiangchengensis