Fl. Apr. 2n = 36*.SW Guangxi (Longzhou Xian).40. Aspidistra yingjiangensis L. J. Peng, Acta Bot. Yunnan.11: 173. 1989.盈 江 蜘 蛛 抱 蛋 ying jiang zhi zhu bao danRhizome terete, 4–6 mm thick. Leaves 3-tufted; petiole11–13 cm; leaf blade green with pale yellow spots, narrowlyoblanceolate, 50–80 × 2–4.5 cm. Scape 1–1.5 cm; bracts 2 or 3.Flowers solitary or paired. Perianth campanulate, 6-lobed apically;tube 7–10 × 7–10 mm; lobes oblong-ovate, 7–10 × 3–5mm, adaxially with 4 fleshy, papillose keels. Stamens 6, insertedat base of perianth tube, subsessile; anthers broadly elliptic,ca. 4 mm. Pistil 4–5 mm; stigma purple,peltate, orbicular, large,5–7 mm in diam., 6-lobed at margin. Berry purple-red, globose,5–7 mm in diam. Fl. Oct. 2n = 36*.Forests; 1500–1600 m. W Yunnan (Yingjiang Xian).41. Aspidistra muricata How ex K. Y. Lang, Acta Phytotax.Sin. 19: 383. 1981.糙 果 蜘 蛛 抱 蛋 cao guo zhi zhu bao danRhizome terete, ca. 5 mm thick. Leaves 2- or 3-tufted;petiole 5–10 cm; leaf blade lorate to linear-lanceolate, 30–50× 1–1.5 cm. Scape 1–1.3 cm; bracts 4 or 5. Flower solitary.Perianth pale green, campanulate, 6-lobed apically; tube ca. 10× 6.5 mm; lobes recurved, oblong, ca. 5 × 3 mm. Stamens 6,inserted at middle of perianth tube, positioned nearly level withstigma, subsessile; anthers oblong, ca. 3 mm. Pistil ca. 6 mm;style articulate; stigma orbicular, slightly enlarged, ca. 4 mm indiam., slightly 6-lobed at margin. Berry globose, ca. 1 cm indiam., tuberculate. Fl. and fr. Oct.NC and W Guangxi (Luocheng Xian, Napo Xian).42. Aspidistra hainanensis Chun & How, Fl. Hainan. 4: 533.1977.海 南 蜘 蛛 抱 蛋 hai nan zhi zhu bao danRhizome ca. 8 mm thick, stout. Leaves 2–4-tufted; petiole3–10 cm; leaf blade lorate, 50–70 × 1–1.5 cm. Scape 5–18 mm;bracts ca. 4. Flower solitary. Perianth purple or tinged with yellow,campanulate, 6(–8)-lobed apically; tube 1–1.2 × 1.3–1.5cm; lobes recurved, oblong-ovate, 8–10 × ca. 2 mm, 4-keeledadaxially, keels fleshy, smooth, central 2 extending from baseof tube to apex of lobes, other 2 short or sometimes inconspicuous.Stamens 6(–8), inserted proximally in perianth tube, subsessile;anthers transversely elliptic, ca. 1.5 × 2 mm. Pistil ca. 8mm; stigma peltate, orbicular, large, 1–1.3 cm in diam., 3-lobedat margin. Fl. Mar–Apr. 2n = 38*.Moist places along ravines, forests; ca. 600 m. S Guangdong(Xinyi Xian, Zhuhai Shi), EC Guangxi (Jinxiu Yao Zu Zizhixian), SHainan (Sanya).43. Aspidistra omeiensis Z. Y. Zhu & J. L. Zhang, Acta Phytotax.Sin. 19: 386. 1981.峨 眉 蜘 蛛 抱 蛋 e mei zhi zhu bao danRhizome 1–2 cm thick, stout. Leaves 3–5-tufted; petiole5–13 cm; leaf blade lorate, 8–100 × 2–4 cm. Scape 3–12 mm;bracts 3 or 4. Flower solitary. Perianth purple or purple-red,campanulate, 6(–8)-lobed apically; tube 0.8–1.1 × 1.2–1.4 cm;lobes deltoid-ovate, 7–8 × 4–5 mm, 4(–6)-keeled adaxially,keels fleshy, papillose, extending from middle or base of tube toapex of lobes. Stamens 6(–8), inserted proximally in perianthtube; filaments ca. 1 mm; anthers transversely elliptic. Pistil ca.6 mm; stigma peltate, orbicular, large, 0.9–1.3 cm in diam., exceedinganthers, with white, convex markings.Fl. Mar.2n = 38*.Forests, humus-rich places; 600–1100 m. Sichuan.44. Aspidistra linearifolia Y. Wan & C. C. Huang, Guihaia 7:220. 1987.线 萼 蜘 蛛 抱 蛋 xian e zhi zhu bao danRhizome subterete, 1.3–2 cm thick. Leaves 2–5-tufted;petiole 3–10 cm; leaf blade lorate, 60–100 × 1.5–3.5 cm. Scape2–5.5 cm; bracts 4 or 5. Flower solitary. Perianth blackish purple,campanulate, 6-lobed apically; tube 0.8–1.3 × 1.8–2.2 cm,papillose adaxially; lobes slightly recurved, deltoid-ovate, 1.5–1.9 cm × 0.8–1.0 mm, 6-keeled adaxially, apex widened, keelsfleshy, papillose, central 4 extending from base of tube to apexof lobes. Stamens 6, inserted at base of perianth tube, subsessile;anthers subreniform, ca. 3 mm. Pistil ca. 9 mm; stigmapurple, peltate, orbicular, large, ca. 1.4 cm in diam., exceedinganthers, with 3–6 minute grooves and 6 ridges adaxially. Fl.Mar. 2n = 36*.W Guangxi (Bose Xian).45. Aspidistra typica Baillon, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 2:1129. 1894.卵 叶 蜘 蛛 抱 蛋 luan ye zhi zhu bao danRhizome subterete, ca. 7 mm thick. Leaves 2- or 3-tufted;petiole 12–21 cm, stiff; leaf blade green, sometimes sparselyyellowish spotted, ovate-lanceolate to ovate, 18–32 × 7–12 cm,baserounded or nearly so. Scapes usually tufted, arching or horizontal,2.5–4.6 cm; bracts 3–5. Flower solitary. Perianth purple,urceolate, 6-lobed apically; tube 0.9–1.2 × 1.4–1.8 cm; lobessuberect, ovate, 3–5 × 3–5 mm. Stamens 6, inserted at base ofperianth tube, subsessile. Stigma peltate, orbicular, large, 0.9–1.5 cm in diam., slightly 6-lobed at margin. Fl. Jun.Forests. ?SW Guangxi, SE Yunnan (Hekou Yao Zu Zizhixian)[Vietnam].46. Aspidistra caespitosa C.Pei, Contr. Biol. Lab.Chin. Assoc.Advancem. Sci., Sect. Bot. 12: 101. 1939.丛 生 蜘 蛛 抱 蛋 cong sheng zhi zhu bao danRhizome ca. 6 mm thick. Leaves usually 3-tufted; petiole10–18 cm or shorter; leaf blade lorate, 40–80 × 1–2.5 cm.Scape solitary,arching or horizontal, 2–11 cm,geniculate; bracts4 or 5. Flower solitary. Perianth purple or tinged with purple,urceolate, 6-lobed apically; tube 1–1.2 × 1.6–2 cm; lobes suberect,ovate-lanceolate, ca. 10 × 4 mm. Stamens 6, inserted nearbase of perianth tube, subsessile. Stigma peltate, large, 1–1.2cm in diam., slightly 3-lobed at margin. Berry purple, ovoid, ca.6 mm in diam., scabrous. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. Jun–Jul. 2n = 38*.
Forests, bamboo forests; 500–1600 m. Sichuan.47. Aspidistra urceolata F. T. Wang & K. Y. Lang in K. Y.Lang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 381. 1981.坛 花 蜘 蛛 抱 蛋 tan hua zhi zhu bao danRhizome subterete, ca. 6 mm thick. Leaves 2- or 3-tufted;petiole 8–16 cm, rigid; leaf blade oblong to oblong-lanceolate,20–25 × 3–4 cm. Scape solitary, ca. 3 cm, slender; bracts ca.3. Flower solitary. Perianth with many purple speckles, urceolate,6-lobed apically; tube ca. 5 × 5 mm; lobes slightly incurved,deltoid, ca. 1 × 1 mm. Stamens 6, inserted at base ofperianth tube, subsessile; anthers narrowly elliptic, ca. 1 mm.Pistil ca. 2 mm; ovary basally enlarged; stigma ca. 1.5 mm indiam., highly convex at center, 3-lobed at margin, lobes emarginateat apex.Guizhou.Known only from the type specimen (Anonymous 7128, IBSC),which was collected in Guizhou without precise locality.48. Aspidistra minutiflora Stapf, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 36: 113.1903.小 花 蜘 蛛 抱 蛋 xiao hua zhi zhu bao danRhizome subterete, 5–6 mm thick. Leaves 2- or 3-tufted;leaf blade lorate to lorate-oblanceolate, 26–65×1–2.5cm, basallygradually narrowed into inconspicuous petiole. Scape solitary,1–2.5 cm, slender; bracts 2–4. Flower solitary, small. Perianthblue-green, tinged and speckled with purple, urceolate,4.5–5 × 4–6 mm; lobes erect, deltoid, 1–2 × 1–1.5 mm. Stamens(4–)6, inserted at base of perianth tube, subsessile; anthersnearly broadly ovate, 1.2–1.5 mm. Pistil 2.5–3 mm; stigmaorbicular, 1.5–2.5 mm in diam., (4–)6-crenate at margin. Fl.Jul–Oct. 2n = 38*.Moist places on hillsides, cliffs; ca. 400 m. N Guangdong (RenhuaXian), Guangxi, ?Guizhou, Hainan (Baoting Xian), Hong Kong,SW Hunan (Xinning Xian).49. Aspidistra hekouensis H. Li et al., Sendtnera 5: 15. 1998.河 口 蜘 蛛 抱 蛋 he kou zhi zhu bao danRhizome 6–13 mm thick. Leaves 2–4-tufted; petiole 10–18 cm; leaf blade dark green with pale green or yellowish spots,elliptic, 12–22 × 8–12.5 cm, leathery, base attenuate to obtuseand decurrent at petiole, apex cuspidate. Scape solitary, 3–4 cm;bracts ca. 3. Flower solitary. Perianth blackish purple, urceolate,1.5–1.8 × 1.8–2.3 cm, with many deep, longitudinalgrooves, adaxially smooth, abaxially slightly verrucose, 6-lobedapically; tube strongly constricted at mouth and opening 4–5mm wide; lobes reflexed, yellow adaxially, oblong, 5–6 × ca. 3mm. Stamens 6, inserted at base of perianth tube, positionedlower than stigma, subsessile; anthers oblong, ca. 2.5 mm. Stigmapeltate, orbicular, large, 1.5–1.8 cm in diam., radiate rugoseadaxially. Berry yellowish green, subglobose, ca. 1.5 cm indiam., with 12 longitudinal wings. Fl. Mar–Jul.Dense forests; 200–300 m. SE Yunnan (Hekou Yao Zu Zizhixian).No material of this species has been seen by the present authors.55. LIRIOPE Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 1: 190, 200. 1790.山 麦 冬 属 shan mai dong shuChen Xinqi ( 陈 心 启 Chen Sing-chi); Minoru N. TamuraHerbs perennial, shortly rhizomatous, often stoloniferous. Roots sometimes with fleshy, tuberous part near tip. Leaves basal,tufted, sessile, grasslike or narrowly linear. Scape simple, naked, terminating in a reduced panicle. Flowers bisexual, often in clustersof 2–4, sometimes solitary, small, subtended by a bract and a few bracteoles; pedicel articulate. Tepals 6, free. Stamens 6, inserted atbase of tepals; filaments narrowly linear; anthers basifixed. Ovary superior, 3-loculed; ovules 2 per locule. Style columnar, slightly 3-angled; stigma small. Fruit bursting irregularly at an early stage and exposing young seeds. Seeds deep blue to purple at maturity,berrylike, globose or ellipsoid.About eight species, E Asia, extending to Japan, the Philippines, and Vietnam; six species (three endemic) in <strong>China</strong>.1a. Filaments ca. 2 × as long as anthers; leaves 1–2 mm wide ........................................................................................ 1. L. kansuensis1b. Filaments equaling or slightly longer than anthers; leaves 2–35 mm wide.2a. Plants not stoloniferous.3a. Pedicel (5–)6–8 mm; anthers slightly shorter than filaments ............................................................... 4. L. longipedicellata3b. Pedicel (2–)4–5 mm; anthers equaling filaments .............................................................................................. 6. L. muscari2b. Plants stoloniferous.4a. Anthers ca. 2 mm ................................................................................................................................................ 5. L. spicata4b. Anthers 1–1.5 mm.5a. Inflorescence 1–3 cm ...................................................................................................................................... 2. L. minor5b. Inflorescence 6–15 cm .......................................................................................................................... 3. L. graminifolia1. Liriope kansuensis (Batalin) C. H. Wright, J. Linn. Soc.,Bot. 36: 79. 1903.甘 肃 山 麦 冬 gan su shan mai dongOphiopogon kansuensis Batalin, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk.Bot. Sada 13: 103. 1893; Mondo kansuense (Batalin)Farwell.Roots without fleshy, tuberous part. Stolons creeping,slender. Leaves filiform-linear, 15–20 cm × 1–2 mm, 3-veined,margin revolute, serrulate. Scape ca. 25 cm. Inflorescence ca.5.5 cm, 10–12-flowered; bracts setiform, scarious, basal one ca.
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34b. Stem very short; leaves basal
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simple, erect, usually with a few s
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ciflorus and S. spicatus Klotzsch);
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pendulous .........................
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ase, persistent. Stamens 6, free or
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Helonias umbellata (Baker) N. Tanak
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6-11 cm, adaxially sometimes with p
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小 重 楼 xiao chong louPlants 7-
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14b. Paris thibetica var. apetala H
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slightly convex connective apically
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when dried, not wrinkled adaxially
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80b. Flowers much smaller, tepals 2
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8. Smilax davidiana A. de Candolle
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present. Leaf blade abaxially sligh
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This species was misidentified in F
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slightly shorter than petiole; umbe
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马 甲 菝 葜 ma jia ba qiaVines
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Vines climbing, usually unarmed. St
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70. Smilax bauhinioides Kunth, Enum
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4a. Male umbel 5-9-flowered; filame
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persistent tepals. Seeds many, glob
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Imag. Descr. Fl. Russ. 8. 1844; Gag
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ca. 2/3 as wide as inner ones.6a. I
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1a. Bracts 2-4, much smaller than l
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oblong to lanceolate, 2-2.5 cm × 6
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12b. Leaves 0.5-1 cm wide; inflores
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Yunnan.The bulbs are used medicinal
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甘 肃 贝 母 gan su bei muFritil
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ather long, slender; stigma 3-lobed
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2b. Flowers not campanulate, tepals
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etween apical whorl and basal bract
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Lilium nanum Klotzsch var. brevisty
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2.5-3 cm × 5-10 mm. Stem 20-30 cm,
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5.5-6 cm × 8-10 mm, margin revolut
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woolly hairs ......................
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3-5-veined, margin papillose. Flowe
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3a. Inner tepals neither spotted no
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3a. Stems subglabrous.4a. Flowers p
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Tepals obliquely outward spreading,
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12a. Tepals white to cream, spotted
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latipetalum Collett & Hemsley; D. p
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only slightly exserted from periant
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laysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines
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3b. Perianth tube longer, to 4 cm,r
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About 660 species: N hemisphere, ma
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44a. Scape 10-15(-20) cm; perianth
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85b. Perianth segments 3-6 mm; fila
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125b. Inner filaments entire at bas
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Leaf blade without white main veins
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irregularly 2-lobed. Filaments subu
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Scrub, moist places; 4500-5000 m. S
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Forests, slopes, pastures; 1600-330
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(40-)50-80 cm, terete, covered with
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2/3-5/6 as long as perianth segment
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Filaments shorter than perianth seg
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umbel, covered with leaf sheaths on
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shores; 1900-3700 m. Xinjiang [Afgh
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昆 仑 韭 kun lun jiuBulbs cluste
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Bulb solitary or clustered, applana
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北 葱 bei congBulbs usually clust
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112. Allium songpanicum J. M. Xu in
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