lobes with a white hollow on adaxial surface ..................................................... 25. A. zongbayi46b. Leaf blade cuneate at base; stigma 4-lobed at margin, lobes without a hollowon adaxial surface.47a. Keels of perianth lobes strongly fleshy, not papillose ......................................... 22. A. elatior47b. Keels of perianth lobes not fleshy, papillose.48a. Stigma strongly convex, lobes entire ................................................................. 23. A. lurida48b. Stigma slightly convex, lobes emarginate at apex ................................. 24. A. sichuanensis1. Aspidistra cavicola D. Fang & K. C. Yen in D. Fang et al.,Acta Phytotax. Sin. 31: 180. 1993.洞 生 蜘 蛛 抱 蛋 dong sheng zhi zhu bao danRhizome subterete, ca. 3 mm thick, densely covered withscales. Leaves solitary; petiole 7.5–25 cm; leaf blade elliptic toelliptic-ovate, 5–14 × 2.2–4.4 cm, base rounded or broadlycuneate, distal margin denticulate, apex acuminate, mucronate.Scape 0.7–1.5 cm; bracts ca. 4. Flower solitary, erect. Perianthwhite, campanulate, 5- or 6-lobed apically; tube ca. 5 × 5 mm;lobes broadly ovate, ca. 3.5 × 4 mm, 3-veined. Stamens 5 or 6,inserted in proximal part of perianth tube, subsessile; anthersoblong, ca. 2.5 mm. Pistil ca. 4.5 mm; stigma scarcely orslightly enlarged, ca. 2.5 mm in diam., slightly exceeding anthers.Berry pale purple, subglobose or depressed globose, 7–10mm in diam., ca. 3-seeded. Fl. and fr. Jun–Jul. 2n = 36*.Limestone caverns; 500–600 m. NW Guangxi (Fengshan Xian).2. Aspidistra longipedunculata D. Fang in X. X. Chen & D.Fang, Guihaia 2: 78. 1982.长 梗 蜘 蛛 抱 蛋 chang geng zhi zhu bao danRhizome subterete, 4–10 mm thick, densely covered withscales. Leaves solitary; petiole 4–45 cm; leaf blade narrowlyelliptic to oblong-lanceolate, 17–50 × 3.5–13.5 cm, base cuneate,apex acuminate. Scape purple-brown, 10.5–22.5 cm; bracts6–9. Flower solitary, nodding, slightly fragrant. Perianth yellow,campanulate, (6–)8(–10)-lobed apically; tube ca. 7 × 10mm; lobes reflexed, suboblong, 0.8–1.5 cm × 7(–9) mm, slightlyfleshy, smooth adaxially. Stamens 6–10, inserted at or slightlybelow middle of perianth tube, subsessile; anthers subreniform,ca. 5 mm. Pistil 7–8 mm; stigma slightly enlarged, ca. 1mm in diam., exceeding anthers, inconspicuously 3-lobed atmargin. Fl. Apr–May. 2n = 36*.Forests along ravines. SW Guangxi (Longzhou Xian, NingmingXian).3. Aspidistra triloba F. T. Wang & K. Y. Lang in K. Y. Lang,Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 380. 1981.湖 南 蜘 蛛 抱 蛋 hu nan zhi zhu bao danRhizome subterete, ca. 4 mm thick, densely covered withscales. Leaves solitary; petiole 7–9 cm, rigid; leaf blade slightlyspotted with yellow,oblong-lanceolate tonarrowly elliptic, 11.5–23 × 3–5 cm, base cuneate, apex acuminate. Scape 1.5–2.5 cm;bracts 2–4. Flower solitary. Perianth yellow, campanulate, 6- or7-lobed apically; tube ca. 1.3 × 1 cm; lobes ± recurved, narrowlyovate-lanceolate, ca. 4.5 × 3 mm, slightly fleshy.Stamens 6 or 7, inserted at middle of perianth tube, positionedhigher than stigma; filaments 1–1.5 mm; anthers broadlyelliptic, ca. 1 mm. Pistil ca. 3 mm; style articulate; stigmaslightly enlarged, ca. 1.7 mm in diam., 3-parted at margin. Fl.Apr. 2n = 36*.Sparse forests along valleys; 300–400 m. SC Hunan (QiyangXian), W Jiangxi (Jinggangshan).4. Aspidistra flaviflora K. Y. Lang & Z. Y. Zhu, Acta Phytotax.Sin. 20: 485. 1982.黄 花 蜘 蛛 抱 蛋 huang hua zhi zhu bao danRhizome terete, 3–7 mm thick. Leaves solitary; petiole10–26 cm; leaf blade spotted with yellow-white, oblong-lanceolateto narrowly elliptic, 19–30 × 3–6 cm. Scape 0.5–1.5 cm,bracts 1 or 2. Flower solitary, fragrant. Perianth yellow, tingedpurplish adaxially and whitish abaxially, campanulate, 5- or 6-lobed apically; tube 7–13 × 5–7 mm; lobes reflexed, lanceolate,5–7 × 2–4 mm, with 2 fleshy keels adaxially. Stamens 6, insertedproximally in perianth tube, positioned lower than stigma,subsessile; anthers elliptic, ca. 2 mm. Pistil 3–8 mm; stigmapurple, 3–4 mm in diam., adaxially concave, slightly 3- or 6-lobed at margin. Berry ovoid, 1–1.5 cm in diam., tuberculate.Fl. Sep–Oct, fr. Jan–Jul. 2n = 38*.Forested slopes; ca. 800 m. SC Sichuan (Muchuan Xian).5. Aspidistra punctata Lindley, Bot. Reg. 12: t. 977. 1826.紫 点 蜘 蛛 抱 蛋 zi dian zhi zhu bao danRhizome terete. Leaves solitary; petiole 7.5–50 cm, rigid;leaf blade lanceolate, 25–30 × 4.5–5.5 cm. Scape rather short;bracts ca. 5,speckled with purplish brown. Flower solitary, nodding.Perianth pale green, densely speckled with purplishbrown, campanulate, fleshy, 8-lobed apically; tube hemispheric;lobes ovate, with 2 fleshy keels adaxially, keels dark purple,densely and minutely papillose. Stamens 8, inserted at middleof perianth tube, positioned lower than stigma, subsessile; anthersoblong. Ovary with deeply colored speckles, ovoid, angled;stigma white, orbicular, large, adaxially with 4 radial, forktippedridges from center to margin. Fl. Mar.Damp places along streams. Guangdong (Yunan Xian, ZengchengXian), Hong Kong.6. Aspidistra fasciaria G. Z. Li in K. Y. Lang et al., Acta Phytotax.Sin. 37: 484. 1999.带 叶 蜘 蛛 抱 蛋 dai ye zhi zhu bao danRhizome creeping, terete, covered with scales. Leavessolitary, spaced; leaf blade narrowly oblanceolate or loratelanceolate,50–60 × 2.5–4.5 cm, leathery, base graduallynarrowed, margin entire, apex acuminate. Scape 1.8–2.5 cm;bracts 4–6. Flower solitary, erect. Perianth yellow-green,speckled with purple, campanulate, 15–16 × 1.5–2.5 mm,fleshy, 6–8(–10)-lobed apically; tube 7–8 × 1.2–1.5 mm; lobes
dark purple, deltoid-ovate, 7–8 × 3–4 mm, with 4 keelsadaxially, papillose. Stamens 6–8(–10), inserted at base ofperianth tube; anthers broadly ovate, ca. 3 × 2.5 mm. Pistil ca.5 mm; style short, not articulate; stigma peltate, enlarged, ca.1.3 cm in diam., convex and purple-red adaxially, 6–8(–10)-lobed at margin, lobes suborbicular at apex. Fl. Jun.?Guangxi.Aspidistra fasciaria was described from a plant cultivated at theGuilin Botanical Garden, Yanshan, NE Guangxi, but no details of awild origin were cited.7. Aspidistra claviformis Y. Wan, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin4(4): 166. 1984.棒 蕊 蜘 蛛 抱 蛋 bang rui zhi zhu bao danRhizome subterete, 6–8 mm thick, densely covered withscales. Leaves solitary, much spaced; petiole (15–)25–50 cm;leaf blade elliptic, 17.5–30 × 5.5–8.5 cm, apex long acuminate.Scape 0.9–3.5 cm; bracts 3–5, white, speckled with purple.Flower solitary. Perianth campanulate, 6-lobed apically; tubewhite, sometimes speckled with purple, 8–11 × 6–7 mm; lobesreflexed, purple, ovate, 4–5 × 3–4 mm. Stamens 6, inserted justabove middle of perianth tube, positioned nearly level with stigma,subsessile; anthers oblong, 4.5–5.5 mm. Pistil purple, 7–9mm; stigma scarcely enlarged, slightly concave and white adaxially,3-lobed at margin. Fl. Nov. 2n = 36*.Forests on limestone hillsides. W Guangxi (Long’an Xian, NapoXian).8. Aspidistra retusa K. Y. Lang & S. Z. Huang in K. Y. Lang,Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 379. 1981.广 西 蜘 蛛 抱 蛋 guang xi zhi zhu bao danRhizome subterete, ca. 5 mm thick, densely covered withscales. Leaves solitary; petiole 16–33 cm; leaf blade oblong tooblong-lanceolate, base cuneate, apex acuminate. Scape 2.5–4.5cm; bracts 5 or 6. Flower solitary. Perianth campanulate, (5 or)6-lobed; tube 1.3–1.5 × 0.9–1 cm; lobes ± recurved, deltoidovate,ca. 4 × 3 mm, rather thick. Stamens (5 or)6, inserted distallyin perianth tube, positioned much higher than stigma, subsessile;anthers ovate, ca. 1.8 mm. Pistil ca. 4 mm; style obviouslyarticulate; stigma slightly enlarged, ca. 1.5 mm in diam.,6-lobed or undulate-lobed at margin. Fl. Apr. 2n = 36*.NE Guangxi (Jinxiu Yao Zu Zizhixian, Lingui Xian, YangshuoXian).9. Aspidistra attenuata Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos. 2: 145. 1912.薄 叶 蜘 蛛 抱 蛋 bo ye zhi zhu bao danRhizome terete, thickened, ca. 1 cm thick, usually coveredwith scales. Leaves solitary; petiole 30–40 cm; leaf blade oblanceolate,45–50 × 7–10 cm. Scape erect, 3–5 cm; bracts 3–5.Flower solitary. Perianth tubular-campanulate, 2–2.5 cm, 7- or8-lobed apically; lobes reflexed, speckled with black, ovatedeltoid,7–8 mm. Stamens 7 or 8, inserted at middle of perianthtube, subsessile; anthers narrowly oblong, ca. 2.5 mm. Pistil 4–5 mm; ovary broadly conical, ca. 2 mm; style ca. 2 mm; stigmapeltate, large. Berry green, globose, 2–2.5 cm in diam. Fl. Jun,fr. Jun. 2n = 36*.Mountains; 1000–2000 m. Taiwan.10. Aspidistra daibuensis Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos. 9: 143.1920.大 武 蜘 蛛 抱 蛋 da wu zhi zhu bao danRhizome stout, densely covered with scales. Leaves solitary;petiole 10–13 cm; leaf blade green and sometimes withwhite or yellowish white spots adaxially, oblong-lanceolate tolanceolate, 45–50 × 8–12 cm, base cuneate, apex acute to acuminate.Scape erect, 2–2.5 cm; bracts 4 or 5. Flower solitary.Perianth urceolate-campanulate, 2–2.5 cm, 8-lobed apically;lobes narrowly deltoid, ca. 10 × 5 mm, thickened, adaxiallywith 2 fleshy keels at middle. Stamens 8, inserted at middle ofperianth tube; anthers yellow. Ovary cylindric. Berry globose,1–1.5 cm in diam. Fl. Jan. 2n = 36*.Forests; 700–1800 m. Taiwan.11. Aspidistra fungilliformis Y. Wan, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin4(4): 165. 1984.伞 柱 蜘 蛛 抱 蛋 san zhu zhi zhu bao danRhizome subterete, 3–5 mm thick. Leaves solitary, spaced;petiole 5–17 cm, rather slender; leaf blade generally yellowishwhite spotted, ovate-elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 8.5–14 × 2.8–6.5 cm. Scape 1–4 cm; bracts 4–6, white, speckled with purple.Flower solitary. Perianth campanulate, 6-lobed apically; tubepurple-black adaxially, purple abaxially, 1.2–1.6 × 1.1–1.3 cm;lobes spreading or reflexed, white adaxially, purple abaxially,broadly oblong, 6–10 × 5–8 mm. Stamens 6, inserted at base ofperianth tube; filaments ca. 1 mm; anthers subreniform, 2–2.5mm. Pistil 1–1.2 cm; style articulate; stigma hemispheric,mushroom-shaped, very large, 5–6 mm × 1–1.2 cm, exceedinganthers. Fl. Nov. 2n = 36*.Forests in limestone ravines; 300–400 m. W Guangxi (Long’anXian, Tian’e Xian).12. Aspidistra subrotata Y. Wan & C. C. Huang, Guihaia 7:223. 1987.辐 花 蜘 蛛 抱 蛋 fu hua zhi zhu bao danRhizome subterete, 8–10 mm thick, densely covered withscales. Leaves solitary; petiole 22–28 cm, rigid; leaf blade oblong-oblanceolate,25–45 × 5.5–8 cm. Scape ca. 5.5 cm; bracts3 or 4, white, speckled with purple. Flower solitary. Perianthdark purple, 6-lobed apically; tube ca. 8 × 18 mm; lobes horizontallyspreading, ovate-lanceolate, 1.8–2.3 cm × 8–10 mm,adaxially minutely papillose, 4-keeled, keels papillose, central 2extending to tube and fused with those of other lobes. Stamens8, inserted at middle of perianth tube; filaments ca. 2 mm. Stigmasubglobose, to 1.3 × 1.9 cm. Fl. Nov. 2n = 38*.S and W Guangxi (Dongxing Xian, Napo Xian).13. Aspidistra mushaensis Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos. 9: 144.1920.雾 社 蜘 蛛 抱 蛋 wu she zhi zhu bao danRhizome terete, ca. 6 mm thick, covered with scales.Leaves solitary; petiole 20–50 cm; leaf blade lanceolate to line-
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34b. Stem very short; leaves basal
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simple, erect, usually with a few s
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ciflorus and S. spicatus Klotzsch);
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pendulous .........................
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ase, persistent. Stamens 6, free or
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Helonias umbellata (Baker) N. Tanak
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6-11 cm, adaxially sometimes with p
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小 重 楼 xiao chong louPlants 7-
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14b. Paris thibetica var. apetala H
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slightly convex connective apically
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when dried, not wrinkled adaxially
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80b. Flowers much smaller, tepals 2
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8. Smilax davidiana A. de Candolle
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present. Leaf blade abaxially sligh
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This species was misidentified in F
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slightly shorter than petiole; umbe
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马 甲 菝 葜 ma jia ba qiaVines
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Vines climbing, usually unarmed. St
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70. Smilax bauhinioides Kunth, Enum
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4a. Male umbel 5-9-flowered; filame
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persistent tepals. Seeds many, glob
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Imag. Descr. Fl. Russ. 8. 1844; Gag
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ca. 2/3 as wide as inner ones.6a. I
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1a. Bracts 2-4, much smaller than l
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oblong to lanceolate, 2-2.5 cm × 6
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12b. Leaves 0.5-1 cm wide; inflores
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Yunnan.The bulbs are used medicinal
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甘 肃 贝 母 gan su bei muFritil
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ather long, slender; stigma 3-lobed
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2b. Flowers not campanulate, tepals
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etween apical whorl and basal bract
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Lilium nanum Klotzsch var. brevisty
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2.5-3 cm × 5-10 mm. Stem 20-30 cm,
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5.5-6 cm × 8-10 mm, margin revolut
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woolly hairs ......................
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3-5-veined, margin papillose. Flowe
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3a. Inner tepals neither spotted no
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3a. Stems subglabrous.4a. Flowers p
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Tepals obliquely outward spreading,
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12a. Tepals white to cream, spotted
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latipetalum Collett & Hemsley; D. p
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only slightly exserted from periant
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laysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines
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3b. Perianth tube longer, to 4 cm,r
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About 660 species: N hemisphere, ma
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44a. Scape 10-15(-20) cm; perianth
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85b. Perianth segments 3-6 mm; fila
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125b. Inner filaments entire at bas
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Leaf blade without white main veins
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irregularly 2-lobed. Filaments subu
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Scrub, moist places; 4500-5000 m. S
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Forests, slopes, pastures; 1600-330
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(40-)50-80 cm, terete, covered with
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2/3-5/6 as long as perianth segment
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Filaments shorter than perianth seg
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umbel, covered with leaf sheaths on
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shores; 1900-3700 m. Xinjiang [Afgh
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昆 仑 韭 kun lun jiuBulbs cluste
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- Page 124 and 125: 北 葱 bei congBulbs usually clust
- Page 126 and 127: 112. Allium songpanicum J. M. Xu in
- Page 128 and 129: Style exserted. Fl. and fr. May-Jul
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- Page 134 and 135: 90: 27. 1931.紫 萼 zi eBryocles v
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- Page 142 and 143: Asparagus soongoricus Iljin.Herbs d
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- Page 146 and 147: fr. Sep-Nov.Forests, bamboo forests
- Page 148 and 149: Tovaria oleracea Baker, J. Linn. So
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- Page 152 and 153: 2.5 mm. Style ca. 2 mm; stigma capi
- Page 154 and 155: 38b. Peduncle usually 1-1.5 cm; inf
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- Page 160 and 161: mm. Perianth pale yellow, cylindric
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- Page 180 and 181: 2.5 mm. Flowers solitary, sometimes
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