mm. Perianth pale yellow, cylindric, 6–8 mm; lobes ca. 1.5mm. Filaments very short, ca. 0.5 mm; anthers ca. 1.5 mm.Ovary ca. 1.5 mm. Style slightly shorter than ovary. Berries 5–7mm in diam., 2–4-seeded. Fl. Jun, fr. Aug.Forests, grassy slopes; 2100–2400 m. Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi.34. Polygonatum stenophyllum Maximowicz, Mém. Acad.Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9: 274. 1859.狭 叶 黄 精 xia ye huang jingPolygonatum verticillatum (Linnaeus) Allioni var. stenophyllum(Maximowicz) Baker.Rhizome terete, 4–6 mm thick, with slightly swollen annualknots. Stem erect, 60–110 cm, glabrous. Leaves many, inwhorls of 4–6, sessile, abaxially slightly glaucous, linear-lanceolate,6–10 cm × 3–8 mm, glabrous, apex acuminate. Inflorescences2-flowered; peduncle reflexed, 2–4 mm; bracts white,2–3 mm, membranous. Pedicel 2–3 mm. Perianth white, cylindric,slightly constricted near mouth, 0.8–1.2 cm; lobes 2–3mm. Filaments filiform, ca. 1 mm; anthers ca. 2 mm. Ovary ca.2.5 mm. Style ca. 3.5 mm. Fl. Jun. 2n = 24, 30.Forests, thickets. ?Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, ?NeiMongol [Korea, Russia (Far East)].35. Polygonatum roseum (Ledebour) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 5: 144.1850.新 疆 黄 精 xin jiang huang jingConvallaria rosea Ledebour, Icon. Pl. 3: t. 1. 1829.Rhizome terete, 3–5 mm thick, slender. Stem erect, 40–80 cm, glabrous. Leaves in whorls of 3 or 4, sometimes alsoalternate or opposite in proximal part of stem, sessile, lanceolateto linear-lanceolate, 7–12 × 1–1.6 cm, apex acute. Inflorescences1- or 2-flowered; peduncle 1–1.5 cm; bracts verysmall. Pedicel 1–4 mm. Perianth pale purple, cylindric, 1–1.2cm; lobes 1.5–2 mm. Filaments very short, less than 1 mm,glabrous; anthers 1.5–1.8 mm. Ovary ca. 2 mm. Style ca. 2mm. Berries 7–11 mm in diam., 2–7-seeded. Fl. May, fr. Oct.2n = 28.Shaded slopes; 1400–1900 m. Xinjiang [Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan,Tajikistan, Russia].36. Polygonatum sibiricumRedouté, Liliac. 6: t. 315. 1811.黄 精 huang jingPolygonatum chinenseKunth.Rhizome usually shortly branched, subterete or tuberousterete, 1–2 cm thick. Stem erect or sometimes subscandent, 50–90(–140) cm, glabrous. Leaves in whorls of 4–6, sessile, abaxiallyglaucous, linear-lanceolate, 8–15 cm × 4–16 mm, glabrous,apex strongly cirrose or curved. Inflorescences umbellike,usually 2–4-flowered; peduncle 1–2 cm; bracts borne atbase of pedicel, subulate to linear-lanceolate, 3–5 mm, membranous,1-veined, persistent. Flowers pendulous; pedicel (2.5–)4–10 mm. Perianth milky white to pale yellow, cylindric,slightly constricted in middle, 0.9–1.2 cm; lobes ca. 4 mm.Filaments 0.5–1 mm; anthers 2–3 mm. Ovary ca. 3 mm. Style5–7 mm. Berries black, 7–10 mm in diam., 4–7-seeded. Fl.May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 20, 21, 22*, 24*, 26, 28, 36.Forests, thickets, shaded slopes; 800–2800 m. Anhui, Gansu,Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia,Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Zhejiang [Korea, Mongolia, Russia (Siberia)].37. Polygonatum cirrhifolium (Wallich) Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal.Mts. 1: 380. 1839.卷 叶 黄 精 juan ye huang jingConvallaria cirrhifolia Wallich, Asiat. Res. 13: 382. 1820;Polygonatum bulbosum H. Léveillé; P. cirrhifoliodes D. M. Liu& W. Z. Zeng; P. fargesii Hua; P. fuscum Hua; P. lebrunii H.Léveillé; P. mairei H. Léveillé (1909, not 1912); P. souliei Hua;P. strumulosum D. M. Liu & W. Z. Zeng; P. trinerve Hua.Rhizome moniliform or tuberous terete, 1–2 cm thick.Stem erect or scandent, 30–90 cm, glabrous. Leaves in whorlsof 3–6, rarely also a few alternate in proximal part of stem,sessile, narrowly linear to linear-lanceolate, very rarely oblonglanceolate,4–9(–12) cm × 2–8(–15) mm, apex usually cirroseat anthesis. Inflorescences usually 2-flowered; peduncle 3–10 mm; bracts 1–2 mm, scarious, veinless, or bract absent.Flowers pendulous; pedicel 3–8 mm. Perianth white, greenish,or pale purple, subcylindric, slightly constricted in middle, 8–11 mm; lobes ca. 2 mm. Filaments 0.6–0.8 × ca. 0.15 mm,papillose; anthers 2–2.5 mm. Ovary ca. 2.5 mm. Style ca. 2mm. Berries red or purple-red, 8–9 mm in diam., 4–9-seeded.Fl. May–Jul, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = (20*, 24*), 30* (38).Forests, grassy slopes; 2000–4000 m. Gansu, Guangxi, Ningxia,Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Nepal,Sikkim].Rudolf Kamelin (pers. comm.) believes that both Polygonatumfargesii and P. fuscum differ from P. cirrhifolium: P. fargesii has leavesnot cirrose apically, perianth white, and is distributed in Bhutan, <strong>China</strong>,and Sikkim; P. fuscum has stems 30–35 cm tall, never scandent, leavesnot cirrose apically, perianth green (or dark green or brown-green),and is endemic to <strong>China</strong>. One of us (Tamura) considers that P. cirrhifoliumof the present sense may be a species in which different lineagesare lumped. However, Chen and Tamura together decided to maintainthe present circumscription until sufficient morphological variation datahave accumulated.38. Polygonatum stewartianum Diels, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard.Edinburgh 5: 298. 1912.西 南 黄 精 xi nan huang jingPolygonatum kalapanum Handel-Mazzetti.Rhizome ± thick. Stem erect or semiscandent, sometimesminutely spotted with lilac, 30–80 cm, glabrous. Leaves (exceptbasal ones) in whorls of 3 or 4, occasionally opposite, sessile,abaxially glaucous, linear to lanceolate, 5–11 cm × 5–16 mm, ±leathery, abaxially scaberulose on veins, apex hooked at anthesis.Inflorescences (1 or)2-flowered; peduncle 0.5–1.5 cm;bracts very small. Flowers pendulous; pedicel 3–10 mm. Perianthpurplish pink, pale greenish purple, or greenish crimson,cylindric, 5–12 mm; lobes 1–3 mm. Filaments 0.6–1.5 mm,papillose; anthers 1–3.5 mm. Ovary ca. 3 mm. Style 2–2.5 mm.Berries 5–7 mm in diam., 2- or 3-seeded. Fl. May. 2n = 28*.
Forests, thickets, dry shaded slopes; 2700–3300 m. Sichuan,Yunnan.39. Polygonatum zanlanscianense Pampanini, Nuovo Giorn.Bot. Ital., n.s., 22: 267. 1915.湖 北 黄 精 hu bei huang jingPolygonatum anhuiense D. C. Zhang & J. Z. Shao; P.kungii F. T. Wang & Tang.Rhizome moniliform or gingerlike, 1–2.5 cm thick. Stemerect or slightly scandent distally, to over 1 m, glabrous. Leavesin whorls of 3–6; petiole very short or indistinct; leaf blade variable,elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, rarely to linear, (5–)8–15 ×(0.4–)1.3–2.8(–3.5) cm, glabrous, apex strongly cirrose tocurved. Inflorescences umbel-like, 2–6(–11)-flowered; peduncle0.5–2(–4) cm; bracts borne at base of pedicel, (1–)2–6mm, scarious or subherbaceous with scarious margin, 1-veined,persistent. Pedicel (2–)4–7(–10) mm. Perianth white, yellowishgreen, or pale purple, slightly constricted at middle, 6–9mm; lobes ca. 1.5 mm. Filaments 0.7–1 mm; anthers 2–2.5 mm.Ovary ca. 2.5 mm. Style 1.5–2 mm. Berries purple-red or black,6–7 mm in diam., 2–4-seeded. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Oct. 2n =22*, 28*, 30*, 32*.Forests, shady and moist slopes; 800–2700 m. Gansu, Guangxi,Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan,?Zhejiang.46. DISPOROPSIS Hance, J. Bot. 21: 278. 1883.竹 根 七 属 zhu gen qi shuLiang Songyun ( 梁 松 筠 Liang Song-jun); Minoru N. TamuraAulisconema Hua.Herbs perennial, rhizomatous, sympodial, terrestrial. Rhizome horizontally creeping, terete or moniliform, fleshy. Stem usuallyarching, rarely erect, simple, glabrous. Leaves cauline, lateral and pseudoterminal, usually alternate, rarely subopposite, shortly petiolate,glabrous. Inflorescences axillary, each a solitary flower or cluster of 2 to several flowers; bracts usually absent, rarely present.Flowers bisexual; pedicel articulate apically. Perianth campanulate; segments 6, imbricate, ± fleshy, proximally connate and forminga tube for up to 1/2 their length. Corona attached near apex of perianth tube, fleshy or membranous; lobes 6, alternate to or oppositeperianth segments, apex often 2-cleft into lobelets, sometimes emarginate, rarely entire. Anthers 6, opposite perianth segments,attached at lobe sinus, lobelet sinus, or lobe apex of corona, dorsifixed, introrse. Ovary 3-loculed; ovules 4–6 per locule. Style short;stigma capitate to slightly 3-lobed. Fruit a berry, several seeded.Six species: <strong>China</strong>, Laos, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; six species (four endemic) in <strong>China</strong>.Hayata (Icon. Pl. Formos. 5: 230–233, 1915) interpreted the corona of Disporopsis as a product of fusion of dilated filaments.1a. Flowers in clusters of 5–10; corona lobes not exceeding anthers, fleshy; berries white; plants 60–100 cm tall;perianth 0.8–1 cm ......................................................................................................................................................... 1. D. longifolia1b. Flowers solitary or in clusters of 2 or 3; corona lobes exceeding anthers, membranous; berries purplish; plants6–50(–90) cm tall; perianth (0.8–)1–2.2 cm.2a. Rhizome moniliform; perianth 1.5–2.2 cm .......................................................................................................... 6. D. fuscopicta2b. Rhizome terete; perianth (0.8–)1–1.5(–2) cm.3a. Plants 6–10 cm tall; leaves (1 or)2(or 3); apex of corona lobes often entire, sometimes slightlyemarginate ............................................................................................................................................... 2. D. jinfushanensis3b. Plants (10–)20–40(–90) cm tall; leaves more than 3; apex of corona lobes ± 2-cleft.4a. Leaf margin undulate ................................................................................................................................. 4. D. undulata4b. Leaf margin entire.5a. Corona lobes usually opposite perianth segments, rarely alternate to them; leaf base rounded toobtuse; perianth white abaxially ............................................................................................................. 5. D. pernyi5b. Corona lobes alternate to perianth segments; leaf base usually slightly cordate to truncate; perianthgreenish yellow abaxially, ± spotted with lilac .................................................................................... 3. D. aspersa1. Disporopsis longifolia Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1912:410. 1912.长 叶 竹 根 七 chang ye zhu gen qiPolygonatum laoticum Gagnepain; P. tonkinense Gagnepain.Rhizome moniliform, 1–2 cm thick. Stem arching, (30–)60–100(–110) cm. Leaves alternate; petiole 5–8 mm; leaf bladelanceolate to elliptic, 10–20(–30) × 2.5–6(–10) cm, base cuneate-roundedto cuneate-obtuse, apex attenuate-acuminate.Bracts absent. Flowers in clusters of 5–10; pedicel 1.2–1.5 cm.Perianth white, 8–10 mm; tube 3–5 mm, slightly constrictednear mouth; lobes narrowly elliptic, 4–7 × 1.6–4.5 mm. Coronalobes opposite perianth lobes, 1.5–2 × ca. 0.8 mm, fleshy, apexslightly emarginate. Anthers attached at hollowed point of coronalobe apex, oblong, 2.5–3 mm, base emarginate-cordate.Ovary ovoid, ca. 3 mm. Style 1–2 mm, base constricted. Berrieswhite at maturity, ovoid-globose, 1.2–1.5 cm in diam., 2–5-seeded. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Oct–Dec. 2n = 40*.Forests, forest margins, thickets; 100–1800 m. Guangxi, S Yun-
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34b. Stem very short; leaves basal
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simple, erect, usually with a few s
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ciflorus and S. spicatus Klotzsch);
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pendulous .........................
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ase, persistent. Stamens 6, free or
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Helonias umbellata (Baker) N. Tanak
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6-11 cm, adaxially sometimes with p
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小 重 楼 xiao chong louPlants 7-
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14b. Paris thibetica var. apetala H
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slightly convex connective apically
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when dried, not wrinkled adaxially
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80b. Flowers much smaller, tepals 2
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8. Smilax davidiana A. de Candolle
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present. Leaf blade abaxially sligh
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This species was misidentified in F
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slightly shorter than petiole; umbe
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马 甲 菝 葜 ma jia ba qiaVines
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Vines climbing, usually unarmed. St
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70. Smilax bauhinioides Kunth, Enum
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4a. Male umbel 5-9-flowered; filame
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persistent tepals. Seeds many, glob
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Imag. Descr. Fl. Russ. 8. 1844; Gag
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ca. 2/3 as wide as inner ones.6a. I
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1a. Bracts 2-4, much smaller than l
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oblong to lanceolate, 2-2.5 cm × 6
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12b. Leaves 0.5-1 cm wide; inflores
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Yunnan.The bulbs are used medicinal
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甘 肃 贝 母 gan su bei muFritil
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ather long, slender; stigma 3-lobed
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2b. Flowers not campanulate, tepals
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etween apical whorl and basal bract
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Lilium nanum Klotzsch var. brevisty
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2.5-3 cm × 5-10 mm. Stem 20-30 cm,
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5.5-6 cm × 8-10 mm, margin revolut
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woolly hairs ......................
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3-5-veined, margin papillose. Flowe
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3a. Inner tepals neither spotted no
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3a. Stems subglabrous.4a. Flowers p
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Tepals obliquely outward spreading,
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12a. Tepals white to cream, spotted
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latipetalum Collett & Hemsley; D. p
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only slightly exserted from periant
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laysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines
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3b. Perianth tube longer, to 4 cm,r
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About 660 species: N hemisphere, ma
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44a. Scape 10-15(-20) cm; perianth
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85b. Perianth segments 3-6 mm; fila
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125b. Inner filaments entire at bas
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Leaf blade without white main veins
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irregularly 2-lobed. Filaments subu
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Scrub, moist places; 4500-5000 m. S
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Forests, slopes, pastures; 1600-330
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- Page 120 and 121: 昆 仑 韭 kun lun jiuBulbs cluste
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- Page 148 and 149: Tovaria oleracea Baker, J. Linn. So
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