LILIACEAE - China
LILIACEAE - China LILIACEAE - China
stigma small. Fruit a capsule, globose to obovoid, loculicidal. Seeds black, sometimes angular.Two species: one in China, Japan, Korea, and Russia, the other in NW Africa and SW Europe.1. Barnardia japonica (Thunberg) Schultes & J. H. Schultes inRoemer & Schultes, Syst. Veg. 7: 555. 1829.绵 枣 儿 mian zao erOrnithogalum japonicum Thunberg in Murray, Syst.Veg., ed. 14, 328. 1784; Barnardia alboviridis (Handel-Mazzetti) Speta; B. bispatha (Handel-Mazzetti) Speta; B.borealijaponica (M. Kikuchi) Speta; B. pulchella (Kitagawa)Speta; B. scilloides Lindley; B. sinensis (Loureiro) Speta; O.sinense Loureiro; Scilla alboviridis Handel-Mazzetti; S.bispatha Handel-Mazzetti; S. borealijaponica M. Kikuchi; S.chinensis Bentham, nom. illeg. (included B. scilloides); S.chinensis var. mounsei H. Léveillé; S. japonica Baker(1873), not Thunberg (1784); S. scilloides (Lindley) Druce;S. scilloides f. albida Y. N. Lee; S. scilloides var. alboviridis(Handel-Mazzetti) F. T. Wang & Y. C. Tang; S. scilloides var.mounsei (H. Léveillé) McKean; S. scilloides var. pulchella(Kitagawa) Kitagawa; S. sinensis Merrill (1919), not S.chinensis Bentham (1861); S. sinensis var. pulchellaChlamysporumSalisbury, nom. rej.(Kitagawa) Kitagawa; S. thunbergii Miyabe & Kudô; S.thunbergii var. pulchella Kitagawa.Bulb ovoid to globose, 2–5 × 1–3 cm; tunic blackishbrown. Leaves usually 4 or 5, (10–)15–40 cm × 2–9 mm, soft,smooth. Scape longer than leaves. Raceme (2–)7–20 cm, denselymany flowered; bracts narrowly lanceolate. Pedicels 5–12mm. Perianth segments rose purple, pink, or white, obovate,elliptic, or narrowly elliptic, 2.5–4 × ca. 1.2 mm, slightly connateand discoid at base. Stamens 2–3.5 mm; filaments sublanceolate,papillose-puberulent or glabrous. Ovary 1.5–2 mm,papillose-puberulent; ovules 1 or 2 per locule. Style 1–1.3 mm.Capsule subobovoid, 3–6 × 2–4 mm. Seeds 1–3, 2.5–5 mm. Fl.and fr. Jul–Nov. 2n = 16, 18, 26, 27, 34*, 35, 36, 43.Forest margins, hillsides, open slopes, grasslands; near sea level to2600 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei,Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shanxi, Sichuan,Taiwan, Yunnan [Japan (including Ryukyu Islands), Korea, E Russia].35. THYSANOTUS R. Brown, Prodr. 282. 1810, nom. cons.异 蕊 草 属 yi rui cao shuChen Xinqi ( 陈 心 启 Chen Sing-chi); Minoru N. TamuraHerbs perennial, with a short or elongate rhizome. Leaves basal or nearly so, grasslike, sometimes very narrow, flat or terete.Scape axillary. Inflorescence usually a terminal raceme or panicle, less often an umbel or solitary flower; bracts small. Flowersbisexual; pedicel articulate proximally. Tepals 6, free, persistent; outer ones entire; inner ones usually fimbriate-ciliate at margin.Stamens 6, included, inner ones sometimes reduced; filaments rather short; anthers basifixed, inner ones usually longer. Ovary 3-loculed; ovules 2 per locule. Style filiform; stigma small. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Seeds few, black.About 50 species: mainly in Australia, a few species in tropical Asia; one species in China.1. Thysanotus chinensis Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 372. 1861.异 蕊 草 yi rui caoHalongia purpurea Jeanplong; Thysanotus chrysantherusF. Mueller.Rhizome short, stout. Leaves many, tufted, narrowly linearor flattened filiform, 15–20 cm × ca. 1 mm, rigid, glabrous.Scape erect, 20–30 cm, slender, bearing a terminal umbel. Umbel4–10-flowered; bracts ovate or lanceolate, 3–5 mm, membranous.Pedicels 1–1.5 cm, articulate near base. Tepals blue,suboblong, 7–8 × 1–2 mm, membranous, 3–5-veined; innerones sometimes fimbriate-denticulate at margin proximally. Stamens4–5 mm; outer anthers ca. 1.2 mm, inner ones ca. 2.2 mm.Capsule ellipsoid, ca. 4 × 3 mm. Seeds subglobose, ca. 1 mm.Fl. and fr. Jun–Jul.SE Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Taiwan [Indonesia, Malaysia,Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; Australia].36. CORDYLINE Commerson ex R. Brown, Prodr. 280. 1810, nom. cons.Taetsia Medikus, nom. rej.朱 蕉 属 zhu jiao shuChen Xinqi ( 陈 心 启 Chen Sing-chi); Nicholas J. TurlandPlants treelike or shrubby. Stems ± woody, usually few branched, with conspicuous leaf scars distally. Leaves crowded at apexof stems, petiolate (or sessile); petiole 10–30 cm, base amplexicaul; leaf blade elliptic-lanceolate to sword-shaped, veins essentiallyparallel but with lateral veins branching from midvein in proximal 1/2. Inflorescence arising from axils of distal leaves, usually paniculate,large, many branched. Flowers bisexual, solitary, usually tubular-campanulate or subcylindric; pedicel usually short, articulateat or near apex. Perianth with short tube; lobes in 2 whorls of 3. Stamens 6, inserted in tube or throat of perianth; anthers versatile.Ovary 3-loculed; ovules 2 to many per locule. Style slender; stigma capitate, small. Fruit a capsule, leathery, 1- to several
133 LILIACEAEseeded. Seeds black, coated with phytomelanin.About 20 species: S and SE Asia, Australia, Pacific Islands, South America; one species (introduced) in China.1. Cordyline fruticosa (Linnaeus) A. Chevalier, Cat. Pl. Jard.Bot. Saigon, 66. 1919.朱 蕉 zhu jiaoConvallaria fruticosa Linnaeus, Herb. Amb. 16. 1754;Aletris chinensis Lamarck; Asparagus terminalis Linnaeus,nom. illeg. (included C. fruticosa); Cordyline terminalis (Linnaeus)Kunth; C. terminalis var. ferrea (Linnaeus) Baker; Dracaenaferrea Linnaeus, nom. illeg. (included C. fruticosa); D.terminalis (Linnaeus) Linnaeus; Taetsia ferrea (Linnaeus) Medikus;T. fruticosa (Linnaeus) Merrill; T. terminalis (Linnaeus)W. Wight ex Safford.Plants erect, shrubby. Stems simple or sometimes branched,1–3 m × 1–3 cm. Leaves petiolate; petiole 10–30 cm, channeledadaxially, base dilated, clasping stem and other petiolebases; leaf blade green or variously colored, oblong-lanceolate,elliptic-lanceolate, or narrowly oblong, 25–50 × 5–10 cm, midveindistinct and raised abaxially, apex aristate. Panicle 30–60cm; branches spreading, 6–13 cm, many flowered. Flowers subsessileor shortly pedicellate; pedicel (if distinct) to 4 mm, subtendedby 3 bracteoles; bracteoles ovate, 2–3 mm, marginbroadly membranous, apex cuspidate. Perianth reddish, yellowish,or bluish purple; tube 5–6 mm; lobes erect or recurved,nearly as long as tube. Stamens inserted in throat of perianth,scarcely exserted. Fruit reddish, several seeded. Fl. Nov–Mar.Widely cultivated, sometimes naturalized. Fujian, Guangdong,Guangxi, Hainan [probably native to Pacific Islands but cultivated pantropically].Some authors have adopted the name Cordyline terminalis insteadof C. fruticosa because of the apparent earlier homonym C. fruticosaGoeppinger (1855); however, the latter name was not validly published.37. HOSTA Trattinnick, Arch. Gewächsk. 1: 55. 1812, nom. cons.玉 簪 属 yu zan shuChen Xinqi ( 陈 心 启 Chen Sing-chi); David E. Boufford 7Herbs perennial, rhizomatous. Rhizome horizontal, large, sometimes with stolons. Leaves numerous, basal, spiral, long petiolate.Scape terminal, usually with a few bractlike cauline leaves. Inflorescence a terminal raceme, few to many flowered; bracts greenor white. Flowers bisexual, solitary, rarely in clusters of 2 or 3; pedicel short. Perianth white to blue or lavender, tubular-campanulateor nearly funnelform; segments 6, connate. Stamens 6, free or rarely adnate to perianth tube near base; filaments filiform; anthersdorsifixed, introrse, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary 3-loculed; ovules many per locule. Style filiform; stigma capitate, small. Fruit aloculicidal capsule. Seeds many, black.About 45 species: mainly in Japan, a few species in China, Korea, and Russia; four species (three endemic) in China.1a. Perianth white, 10 cm or more; flowers fragrant, subtended by 2 bracts; filaments adnate to perianth tube nearbase; capsule ca. 6 cm .............................................................................................................................................. 1. H. plantaginea1b. Perianth purplish red, purple, or white with purple streaks, 4–6.5 cm; flowers not fragrant, subtended by 1 bract;filaments free; capsule less than 6 cm.2a. Petiole winged at least in distal 1/2, wings 2–5 mm wide; bracts 0.5–0.7 cm .......................................................... 4. H. ensata2b. Petiole scarcely winged; bracts 1–3.5 cm.3a. Plants green, glabrous, not white powdery; base of leaf blade usually cordate or truncate; perianthpurple-red; bracts 1–2 cm .............................................................................................................................. 2. H. ventricosa3b. Plants white powdery particularly on abaxial surface of leaves; base of leaf blade cuneate; perianthwhite, with purple streaks; bracts 1–3.5 cm .............................................................................................. 3. H. albofarinosa1. Hosta plantaginea (Lamarck) Ascherson, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin)21: 53. 1863.玉 簪 yu zanHemerocallis plantaginea Lamarck, Encycl. 3: 103. 1789;Hosta plantaginea f. stenantha F. Maekawa.Plants green, glabrous. Rhizome 1.5–2 cm thick, stout.Petiole 20–40 cm; leaf blade ovate-cordate, -orbicular, or ovate,14–25 × 8–16 cm, glabrous, veins in 6–10 pairs, base cordate,margin slightly undulate, apex abruptly acute. Scape 40–80 cm.Raceme several to more than 10-flowered; bracts 2 subtendingeach flower, outer one ovate or lanceolate, 2.5–7 × 1–1.5 cm,inner one very small. Flowers solitary or sometimes in clustersof 2 or 3, fragrant; pedicel ca. 1 cm. Perianth white, funnelform,10–13 cm. Stamens slightly shorter than or subequaling perianth;filaments adnate to perianth tube near base. Capsule cylindric,ca. 6 × 1 cm, 3-angled. Fl. and fr. Aug–Oct. 2n = 60*.Forests, grassy slopes, rocky places; near sea level to 2200 m.Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, ?Hebei, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu,?Liaoning, ?S Shaanxi (Qin Ling), Sichuan, ?Yunnan, ?Zhejiang.Widely cultivated as an ornamental.2. Hosta ventricosa (Salisbury) Stearn, Gard. Chron., ser. 3,7 Harvard University Herbaria, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138-2020, U.S.A.
- Page 82 and 83: Tepals obliquely outward spreading,
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- Page 120 and 121: 昆 仑 韭 kun lun jiuBulbs cluste
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- Page 124 and 125: 北 葱 bei congBulbs usually clust
- Page 126 and 127: 112. Allium songpanicum J. M. Xu in
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- Page 134 and 135: 90: 27. 1931.紫 萼 zi eBryocles v
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- Page 148 and 149: Tovaria oleracea Baker, J. Linn. So
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stigma small. Fruit a capsule, globose to obovoid, loculicidal. Seeds black, sometimes angular.Two species: one in <strong>China</strong>, Japan, Korea, and Russia, the other in NW Africa and SW Europe.1. Barnardia japonica (Thunberg) Schultes & J. H. Schultes inRoemer & Schultes, Syst. Veg. 7: 555. 1829.绵 枣 儿 mian zao erOrnithogalum japonicum Thunberg in Murray, Syst.Veg., ed. 14, 328. 1784; Barnardia alboviridis (Handel-Mazzetti) Speta; B. bispatha (Handel-Mazzetti) Speta; B.borealijaponica (M. Kikuchi) Speta; B. pulchella (Kitagawa)Speta; B. scilloides Lindley; B. sinensis (Loureiro) Speta; O.sinense Loureiro; Scilla alboviridis Handel-Mazzetti; S.bispatha Handel-Mazzetti; S. borealijaponica M. Kikuchi; S.chinensis Bentham, nom. illeg. (included B. scilloides); S.chinensis var. mounsei H. Léveillé; S. japonica Baker(1873), not Thunberg (1784); S. scilloides (Lindley) Druce;S. scilloides f. albida Y. N. Lee; S. scilloides var. alboviridis(Handel-Mazzetti) F. T. Wang & Y. C. Tang; S. scilloides var.mounsei (H. Léveillé) McKean; S. scilloides var. pulchella(Kitagawa) Kitagawa; S. sinensis Merrill (1919), not S.chinensis Bentham (1861); S. sinensis var. pulchellaChlamysporumSalisbury, nom. rej.(Kitagawa) Kitagawa; S. thunbergii Miyabe & Kudô; S.thunbergii var. pulchella Kitagawa.Bulb ovoid to globose, 2–5 × 1–3 cm; tunic blackishbrown. Leaves usually 4 or 5, (10–)15–40 cm × 2–9 mm, soft,smooth. Scape longer than leaves. Raceme (2–)7–20 cm, denselymany flowered; bracts narrowly lanceolate. Pedicels 5–12mm. Perianth segments rose purple, pink, or white, obovate,elliptic, or narrowly elliptic, 2.5–4 × ca. 1.2 mm, slightly connateand discoid at base. Stamens 2–3.5 mm; filaments sublanceolate,papillose-puberulent or glabrous. Ovary 1.5–2 mm,papillose-puberulent; ovules 1 or 2 per locule. Style 1–1.3 mm.Capsule subobovoid, 3–6 × 2–4 mm. Seeds 1–3, 2.5–5 mm. Fl.and fr. Jul–Nov. 2n = 16, 18, 26, 27, 34*, 35, 36, 43.Forest margins, hillsides, open slopes, grasslands; near sea level to2600 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei,Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shanxi, Sichuan,Taiwan, Yunnan [Japan (including Ryukyu Islands), Korea, E Russia].35. THYSANOTUS R. Brown, Prodr. 282. 1810, nom. cons.异 蕊 草 属 yi rui cao shuChen Xinqi ( 陈 心 启 Chen Sing-chi); Minoru N. TamuraHerbs perennial, with a short or elongate rhizome. Leaves basal or nearly so, grasslike, sometimes very narrow, flat or terete.Scape axillary. Inflorescence usually a terminal raceme or panicle, less often an umbel or solitary flower; bracts small. Flowersbisexual; pedicel articulate proximally. Tepals 6, free, persistent; outer ones entire; inner ones usually fimbriate-ciliate at margin.Stamens 6, included, inner ones sometimes reduced; filaments rather short; anthers basifixed, inner ones usually longer. Ovary 3-loculed; ovules 2 per locule. Style filiform; stigma small. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Seeds few, black.About 50 species: mainly in Australia, a few species in tropical Asia; one species in <strong>China</strong>.1. Thysanotus chinensis Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 372. 1861.异 蕊 草 yi rui caoHalongia purpurea Jeanplong; Thysanotus chrysantherusF. Mueller.Rhizome short, stout. Leaves many, tufted, narrowly linearor flattened filiform, 15–20 cm × ca. 1 mm, rigid, glabrous.Scape erect, 20–30 cm, slender, bearing a terminal umbel. Umbel4–10-flowered; bracts ovate or lanceolate, 3–5 mm, membranous.Pedicels 1–1.5 cm, articulate near base. Tepals blue,suboblong, 7–8 × 1–2 mm, membranous, 3–5-veined; innerones sometimes fimbriate-denticulate at margin proximally. Stamens4–5 mm; outer anthers ca. 1.2 mm, inner ones ca. 2.2 mm.Capsule ellipsoid, ca. 4 × 3 mm. Seeds subglobose, ca. 1 mm.Fl. and fr. Jun–Jul.SE Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Taiwan [Indonesia, Malaysia,Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; Australia].36. CORDYLINE Commerson ex R. Brown, Prodr. 280. 1810, nom. cons.Taetsia Medikus, nom. rej.朱 蕉 属 zhu jiao shuChen Xinqi ( 陈 心 启 Chen Sing-chi); Nicholas J. TurlandPlants treelike or shrubby. Stems ± woody, usually few branched, with conspicuous leaf scars distally. Leaves crowded at apexof stems, petiolate (or sessile); petiole 10–30 cm, base amplexicaul; leaf blade elliptic-lanceolate to sword-shaped, veins essentiallyparallel but with lateral veins branching from midvein in proximal 1/2. Inflorescence arising from axils of distal leaves, usually paniculate,large, many branched. Flowers bisexual, solitary, usually tubular-campanulate or subcylindric; pedicel usually short, articulateat or near apex. Perianth with short tube; lobes in 2 whorls of 3. Stamens 6, inserted in tube or throat of perianth; anthers versatile.Ovary 3-loculed; ovules 2 to many per locule. Style slender; stigma capitate, small. Fruit a capsule, leathery, 1- to several
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