(40–)50–80 cm, terete, covered with leaf sheaths for 1/3–1/2 itslength. Spathe usually persistent. Umbel globose, densely manyflowered. Pedicels subequal, straight, 1–2 × as long as perianth,not slender, bracteolate. Perianth dark rose pink to pale purplered;segments usually with dark purple midvein, elliptic, 4–5 ×2–2.3 mm, apex rounded. Filaments slightly shorter than toequaling perianth segments, connate at base and adnate to perianthsegments; outer ones subulate; inner ones broadened atbase, with 1 short, rounded tooth on each side, teeth very rarelywith 2 rounded teeth at apex. Ovary obovoid-globose, with concavenectaries at base. Style exserted; stigma usually subcapitate.Fl. Jun. 2n = 32*, 40, 48.Stony slopes, cliffs; 400–1500 m. NW Gansu, Nei Mongol, Xinjiang(Altay Shan, Tian Shan) [Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia;Europe].40. Allium splendens Willdenow ex Schultes & J. H. Schultesin Roemer & Schultes, Syst. Veg. 7: 1025. 1830.丽 韭 li jiuBulb solitary or paired, narrowly cylindric or cylindricconical,0.4–0.7 cm in diam.; tunic grayish brown, reticulate.Leaves linear or narrowly linear, shorter than scape, 1–3(–4)mm wide, flat, margin scabrous-denticulate. Scape 20–35(–50)cm, slender, terete. Spathe persistent. Umbel hemispheric,many flowered. Pedicels subequal, ca. 2 × as long as perianth,very slender, bracteolate. Perianth pale lilac or pinkish lilac;segments with purple midvein, lanceolate to narrowly elliptic,3.5–4 × ca. 1.5 mm, apex rounded.Filaments 1.5–2 ×as long asperianth segments, connate at base and adnate to perianthsegments; outer ones subulate; inner ones with enlarged basewider than long, with 1 or 2 teeth on each side. Ovarysubglobose, with concave nectaries at base. Style long exserted;stigma capitate. Fl. Jun. 2n = 16, 32, (40).Forests, scrub, meadows, moist slopes; 100–1000 m. Heilongjiang,Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia].41. Allium maackii (Maximowicz) Prokhanov ex Komarov &Alissova-Klobukova, Key Pl. Far East. USSR 1: 366. 1931.马 克 韭 ma ke jiuAllium lineare Linnaeus var. maackii Maximowicz, Mém.Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9: 282. 1859; A.prokhanovii (Voroschilov) Barkalov; A. splendens Willdenowex Schultes & J. H. Schultes subsp. prokhanovii Voroschilov.Bulb solitary or clustered, cylindric-obovoid, to 1.5 cmwide; outer tunic yellowish brown, reticulate; inner layers leathery,± neither laciniate nor fibrous. Leaves linear or narrowlyso, shorter than scape, 2–3 mm wide, flat, margin scabrous-denticulateor smooth. Scape 20–50 cm, terete, furrowed, coveredwith leaf sheaths for 1/4–1/3 its length. Spathe persistent. Umbelhemispheric or globose, many flowered. Pedicels subequal,1.5–2 × as long as perianth, bracteolate. Perianth rose pink;segments with purple midvein, oblong or oblong elliptic, 4–5 ×1.5–2 mm, apex obtuse. Filaments 1.5–2 × as long as perianthsegments, connate at base and adnate to perianth segments; outerones subulate; inner ones broadened at base, 1-toothed oneach side, teeth sometimes forked. Ovary subglobose, with concavenectaries at base. Style long exserted; stigma subglobose.Fl. Jun. 2n = 32.Dry slopes and cliffs; 200–500 m. Heilongjiang [Russia].42. Allium clathratum Ledebour, Fl. Altaic. 2: 18. 1830.细 叶 北 韭 xi ye bei jiuBulb solitary or paired, cylindric-conical, 0.7–1 cm wide;tunic grayish brown, reticulate. Leaves usually shorter thanscape, 0.5–1.5 mm wide, semiterete, margin smooth. Spathepersistent; beak very short. Umbel usually hemispheric, manyflowered. Pedicels subequal, very slender, 2–3(or more) × aslong as perianth, bracteolate. Perianth pink or pale pink; segmentswith dark red midvein, broadly linear or narrowly lanceolate,4–5 × 1–1.5 mm, apex obtusely triangular. Filaments1.5–2 × as long as perianth segments, connate at base andadnate to perianth segments; outer ones subulate; inner onesbroadened at base, entire or with 1 or 2 teeth on each side.Ovary subglobose, with concave nectaries at base. Style longexserted; stigma punctiform. Fl. Jun. 2n = 16, 32.Mostly dry slopes, cliffs; 400–2000 m. Xinjiang [Kazakstan,Mongolia, Russia].43. Allium siphonanthum J. M. Xu in F. T. Wang & Tang, Fl.Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 14: 284. 1980.管 花 韭 guan hua jiuBulb solitary or clustered, cylindric, 1–1.5 cm in diam.;tunic yellowish brown, subreticulate. Leaves subequaling scape,1.5–3 mm wide. Scape 18–60 cm, terete, covered with leafsheaths only at base. Spathe 2-valved, persistent. Umbel globose,densely many flowered. Pedicels subequal, shorter thanperianth, ebracteolate. Perianth purple red; segments obovateoblong,5.5–7.8 × 1.8–3 mm, basally united into a tube 1.5–2mm, apex obtuse, sometimes retuse; inner ones slightly longerthan outer, apex obtuse, irregularly denticulate. Filamentsequal, ca. 1.5 × as long as perianth segments, connate at baseand adnate to perianth segments for 1.5–2 mm; outer onessubulate; inner ones 3.2–4.5 mm wide at base, entire or 1-toothed on each side. Ovary obovoid-globose, without concavenectaries at base. Style much longer than ovary, exserted. Fl.and fr. Sep–Oct.Slopes; ca. 2800 m. NW Yunnan.44. Allium flavidum Ledebour, Fl. Altaic. 2: 7. 1830.新 疆 韭 xin jiang jiuBulb solitary or paired, narrowly ovoid-cylindric, 0.4–1cm in diam.; tunic grayish brown to yellowish brown,reticulate. Leaves linear, shorter than scape, 2–5(–7) mmwide, margin scabrous-denticulate, apex obtuse. Scape 10–45cm, terete, covered with leaf sheaths for 1/3–1/2 its length.Spathe 2-valved, persistent. Umbel globose, densely manyflowered. Pedicels subequal, usually subequaling perianth(rarely ca. 2 × as long), bracteolate. Perianth white to paleyellow, lustrous; segments oblong to ovate-oblong, 4–6 × 1.2–2mm; inner ones 1.2–1.25 × as long as outer. Filaments equal,1.2–1.5 × as long as perianth segments, connate at base andadnate to perianth segments; inner ones with an enlarged base
longer than wide, 1-toothed on each side. Ovary obovoidglobose,with concave nectaries at base. Style exserted. Fl. andfr. Jul–Aug.Rock crevices in forests, sunny slopes. N Xinjiang [Kazakstan,Mongolia, Russia].45.Allium leucocephalum Turczaninow, Bull. Soc. Imp. NaturalistesMoscou 27(2): 123. 1854.白 头 韭 bai tou jiuBulb solitary or paired, subcylindric, 0.6–1.3 cm in diam.;tunic dark yellowish brown, reticulate. Leaves shorter thanscape, (1–)2–5 mm wide, semiterete, fistulose, adaxially channeled,smooth. Scape 20–50(–60) cm, terete, covered with leafsheaths for ca. 1/3 its length. Spathe 2-valved, persistent.Umbel globose, densely many flowered. Pedicels subequal,slightly less than to 1.5 × as long as perianth, bracteolate.Perianth white or slightly tinged with yellow; inner segmentsoblong-ovate, 3.5–5.5 × 1.4–2 mm. Filaments equal, slightlylonger than to 2 × as long as perianth segments, connate atbase and adnate to perianth segments; outer ones subulate;inner ones broadened at base, 1-toothed on each side, teethsometimes irregularly 2–4-denticulate at apex. Ovaryobovoid, with concave nectaries at base. Style exserted. Fl. andfr. Jul–Aug. 2n = 16*, 32.Sandy places. Gansu, Heilongjiang, Nei Mongol [Mongolia, Russia].46. Allium flavovirens Regel, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot.Sada 10: 344. 1887.阿 拉 善 韭 a la shan jiuAllium alaschanicum Y. Z. Zhao.Bulb solitary or in clusters of 2 or 3, cylindric, 0.8–2 cmin diam.; tunic yellowish brown to dark brown, laciniate or fibrous.Leaves subequaling to conspicuously longer than scape,2–4 mm wide, adaxially channeled. Scape 15–25 cm, terete,covered with leaf sheaths only at base. Spathe 2-valved, persistent;beak long. Umbel hemispheric to globose, many flowered.Pedicels subequal, 1.5–2 × as long as perianth, ebracteolate.Perianth white or pale yellow; segments oblong to ovateoblong,4–6 × 1.7–2.5 mm; outer ones pale purple-red abaxially;inner ones slightly longer than outer. Filaments equal,1.5–2 × as long as perianth segments, connate at base and adnateto perianth segments; outer ones subulate; inner onesbroadened at base, base longer than wide, with 1 obtuse oracute tooth on each side. Ovary subglobose, with concave nectariesat base. Style exserted. Fl. and fr. Aug–Sep.Rock crevices, calcareous slopes, dry places; 1800–3100 m. WNei Mongol (Helan Shan).47. Allium eduardii Stearn in Airy Shaw, Herbertia 11: 102.1946.贺 兰 韭 he lan jiuAllium fischeri Regel, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot.Sada 3(2): 161. 1875, not Besser (1830).Bulbs densely clustered, narrowly ovoid-cylindric, 0.5–1cm in diam., usually covered with a common tunic; tunic yellowishbrown, reticulate. Leaves shorter than scape, ca. 1 mmwide, semiterete, adaxially channeled. Scape 11–30 cm, terete,covered with leaf sheaths only at base. Spathe 1-valved, persistent;beak ca. 3 × as long as limb. Umbel hemispheric. Pedicelssubequal, 1.5–3 × as long as perianth, bracteolate. Perianthpale purple to purple; segments oblong-ovate to oblonglanceolate,5–6.5 × 2–2.5 mm, apex with a reflexed point; innerones ca. 1 mm longer than outer. Filaments equal, equaling orslightly longer than perianth segments, connate at base andadnate to perianth segments for ca. 1 mm; outer ones subulate;inner ones broadened for 1/5–1/4 their length, with 1 sharptooth on each side. Ovary subglobose, without concave nectariesat base. Style much longerthan ovary, exserted. Fl. Aug.2n = 32*.Dry slopes, plains. N Hebei, SW Nei Mongol, N Ningxia, NXinjiang [Mongolia, Russia].48. Allium przewalskianum Regel, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk.Bot. Sada 3(2): 164. 1875.青 甘 韭 qing gan jiuAllium jacquemontii Regel (1875), not Kunth (1843); A.junceum Jacquemont ex Baker (1874), not Smith (1809); A.stoliczkii Regel.Bulbs clustered, narrowly ovoid-cylindric, 0.5–1 cm indiam., sometimes covered with common tunic; tunic red, rarelylight brown, reticulate. Leaves shorter or slightly longer thanscape, 0.5–1.5 mm wide, semiterete to terete, 4- or 5-angled.Scape 10–40 cm, terete, covered with leaf sheaths only at base.Spathe 1-valved, persistent; beak usually equaling limb. Umbelhemispheric to globose, densely many flowered. Pedicels subequal,2–3 × as long as perianth, ebracteolate, rarely a few bracteolate.Perianth pale red to dark purple; outer segments ovateto narrowly so, 3–6 × 1.5–2.5 mm; inner ones oblong to oblong-lanceolate,4–6.5 × 1.5–2.5 mm. Filaments equal, 1.5–2 ×as long as perianth segments, connate at base and adnate toperianth segments; outer ones subulate; inner ones broadenedfor 1/3–1/2 their length, 1-toothed on each side. Ovary globose,without concave nectaries at base. Style much longer thanovary, exserted. Fl. and fr. Jun–Sep. 2n = 32*.Scrub, dry slopes, plains, rock crevices; 2000–4800 m. Gansu, NeiMongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, NWYunnan [India, Nepal, Pakistan].49. Allium teretifolium Regel, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot.Sada 5: 629. 1878.西 疆 韭 xi jiang jiuAllium grimmii Regel.Bulbs usually clustered, narrowly ovoid, ca. 1 cm in diam.;tunic yellowish brown, subreticulate to reticulate. Leaves 3 or 4,shorter than to equaling scape, 0.5–1 mm wide, nearly semiterete,adaxially channeled, smooth. Scape 10–50 cm, terete,covered with leaf sheaths for 1/4–1/2 its length. Spathe 2-valved.Umbel nearly hemispheric. Pedicels unequal, 1.5–2 × aslong as perianth, bracteolate. Perianth pale purple to pale red;segments subequal, 6–7(–9) × 2–2.5(–3) mm. Filaments equal,
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34b. Stem very short; leaves basal
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simple, erect, usually with a few s
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ciflorus and S. spicatus Klotzsch);
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pendulous .........................
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ase, persistent. Stamens 6, free or
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Helonias umbellata (Baker) N. Tanak
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6-11 cm, adaxially sometimes with p
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小 重 楼 xiao chong louPlants 7-
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14b. Paris thibetica var. apetala H
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slightly convex connective apically
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when dried, not wrinkled adaxially
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80b. Flowers much smaller, tepals 2
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8. Smilax davidiana A. de Candolle
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present. Leaf blade abaxially sligh
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This species was misidentified in F
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slightly shorter than petiole; umbe
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马 甲 菝 葜 ma jia ba qiaVines
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Vines climbing, usually unarmed. St
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70. Smilax bauhinioides Kunth, Enum
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4a. Male umbel 5-9-flowered; filame
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persistent tepals. Seeds many, glob
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Imag. Descr. Fl. Russ. 8. 1844; Gag
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ca. 2/3 as wide as inner ones.6a. I
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1a. Bracts 2-4, much smaller than l
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oblong to lanceolate, 2-2.5 cm × 6
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12b. Leaves 0.5-1 cm wide; inflores
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Yunnan.The bulbs are used medicinal
- Page 60 and 61: 甘 肃 贝 母 gan su bei muFritil
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- Page 68 and 69: Lilium nanum Klotzsch var. brevisty
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- Page 86 and 87: latipetalum Collett & Hemsley; D. p
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- Page 90 and 91: laysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines
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- Page 120 and 121: 昆 仑 韭 kun lun jiuBulbs cluste
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- Page 124 and 125: 北 葱 bei congBulbs usually clust
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- Page 134 and 135: 90: 27. 1931.紫 萼 zi eBryocles v
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- Page 142 and 143: Asparagus soongoricus Iljin.Herbs d
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- Page 148 and 149: Tovaria oleracea Baker, J. Linn. So
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mm. Perianth pale yellow, cylindric
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nan [Laos, Thailand, Vietnam].2. Di
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Convallaria keiskei Miquel; C. keis
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margin, free part very short. Ovary
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sometimes greenish, ovate to lanceo
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Liang Songyun ( 梁 松 筠 Liang S
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lobes with a white hollow on adaxia
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ar-lanceolate, 30-40 × 3-5 cm, lea
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26. Aspidistra cruciformis Y. Wan &
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Fl. Apr. 2n = 36*.SW Guangxi (Longz
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2.5 mm. Flowers solitary, sometimes
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17b. Plants less than 40 cm tall; t
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asal one 6-8 mm. Flowers solitary;
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2n = 36*, 72*.Dense forests, mossy
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Plants stoloniferous; stolons with
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ulate distally. Tepals purple, or w
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Stem 2-3 cm. Leaves 2 or 3; petiole