RTD BUS TRANSIT FACILITY DESIGN GUIDELINES AND CRITERIA

RTD Bus Transit FacilityDesign Guidelinesand CriteriaRegional Transportation District February, 2006

RTDBUS TRANSIT FACILITYDESIGN GUIDELINESAND CRITERIARegional Transportation DistrictFebruary 2006Prepared by theEngineering Division of the Regional Transportation District

TABLE OF CONTENTSTITLESECTIONIntroduction ................................................................................... 1Bus Transit Facility Design ............................................................... 2Civil Design.................................................................................... 3Urban and Landscape Design Elements.............................................. 4Bicycle Facilities ............................................................................. 5Structural Design............................................................................ 6Drivers Relief Station....................................................................... 7Signage ......................................................................................... 8Lighting and Electrical ..................................................................... 9Communications, Fare Collection and Power .....................................10Construction Documents ................................................................11System Safety and System Security ................................................12RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaTable of ContentsBus Transit Facility Design Guidelines and Criteria February 2006Page 1 of 1

SECTION 1 - INTRODUCTION1.1.0 BUS TRANSIT FACILITIES .............................................................................. 21.2.0 SCOPE ......................................................................................................... 31.3.0 PROCEDURES ............................................................................................... 41.4.0 DESIGN CODES AND MANUALS ..................................................................... 41.5.0 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS FOR SYSTEMS DESIGN............................................... 61.6.0 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................. 81.7.0 TRANSIT FACILITY TYPES ............................................................................. 91.8.0 COMMUNITY INTEGRATION AND TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT (TOD) ... 101.9.0 PEDESTRIAN AND PASSENGER FACILITY REQUIREMENTS .............................. 111.10.0 DISABILITY RIGHTS LAWS .......................................................................... 111.10.1 ADA Accessible Parking................................................................. 111.11.0 BUS BOARDING AND ALIGHTING AREAS...................................................... 121.12.0 PROVIDING FOR THE TRANSIT VEHICLE ....................................................... 131.13.0 DESIGNING FOR THE TRANSIT VEHICLE ....................................................... 131.13.1 Bus Access and Parking Requirements............................................. 131.13.2 Other Operational Design Considerations ......................................... 141.14.0 PROVIDING FOR PRIVATE VEHICLES (AUTO, BIKE & MOTORCYCLE) ............... 15RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 1 – IntroductionBus Transit Facility Design Guidelines and Criteria February 2006Page 1 of 15

• Bicycle Facilities• Structural Design• Driver Relief Station• Signage• Lighting and Electrical• Communication, Fare Collection and Power• Construction Documents• Facility and System Safety and Security1.3.0 PROCEDURESDesign Engineers shall prepare drawings and technical specifications for each project inaccordance with their design contract, as applicable, and the following RTD documents:• All RTD Design Criteria Manuals• RTD CADD Standards• Contract Requirements• All other applicable requirements including codes, regulatory standards andenvironmental impact statementsDeviations may be made within the framework of the Design Criteria to meet specificcase-by-case requirements. Any deviation, discrepancy or unusual solution must bediscussed with and approved by RTD before it is advanced and included in the design.The Design Engineer shall identify, explain and justify all deviations from the criteria andsecure written approval from RTD. Any variation from these Design Criteria must besubmitted to and approved by RTD’s Executive Safety and Security Committee. Allproposed deviations to these criteria shall be approved by RTD in writing.Where manufactured products are specified, alternative products are acceptable if theproposed substitution is an approved equivalent and approved by RTD in writing.1.4.0 DESIGN CODES AND MANUALSThe Design Engineer shall comply with all applicable engineering codes, standards, and allFederal, State and local jurisdictional requirements.The most recent edition(s) of codes, manuals and requirements specified herein shall beused. Responsibility for all designs remains with the Design Engineer in accordance withthe terms and conditions of the design contract.The Design Engineer shall identify all known or apparent code conflicts, shall notify RTD inwriting and shall recommend a solution. The Design Engineer shall confirm those codesand manuals that have precedence.RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 1 – IntroductionBus Transit Facility Design Guidelines and Criteria February 2006Page 4 of 15

Specific codes, standards and design guidelines include, but are not limited to, thefollowing:• Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)• Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines for Buildings and Facilities(ADAAG)• Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines for Transportation Vehicles• Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) - Standard Specifications for Roadand Bridge Construction• CDOT - Standard Plans (M&S Standards)• CDOT - Design Guide• CDOT – Drainage Design Manual• CDOT – Bridge Design Manual• City and County of Denver - Rules for Street Standards• City and County of Denver - Standard Construction Specifications• FHWA - Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways(MUTCD)• Metropolitan Government Pavement Engineers Council (MGPEC) - PavementDesign Standards and Construction Specifications• RTD – Facilities Standard and Directive Drawings for Bus and Light Rail TransitFacility Projects (RTD Standard Drawings)• Uniform Building Code (UBC)• International Building Code (IBC)• Uniform Fire Code (UFC)• American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)• American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC)• American Welding Society (AWS)• American Concrete Institute (ACI)• American Society for the Testing of Materials (ASTM)• National Bureau of Standards• National Electric Code (NEC)• National Electric Safety Code (NESC)• American National Standards Institute (ANSI)• National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) including NFPA 130 and 101• Local jurisdictional codes, requirements and ordinances, as applicableIndividual sections of these criteria may also define additional code requirements.RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 1 – IntroductionBus Transit Facility Design Guidelines and Criteria February 2006Page 5 of 15

1.5.0 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS FOR SYSTEMS DESIGNThe Denver metropolitan area, within which RTD operates, is situated east of the RockyMountains, near and within the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountain foothills in centralColorado. The area has a semi-arid climate similar to the High Plains, but is modified by theRocky Mountains located west of the area. Denver lies in a belt where there is a fairlyrapid change in climate from the foothills to the plains. This change is largely caused bythe increase in elevation towards the westerly foothills. Denver has an elevation of 5,280feet.The average annual temperature is about 50°F and it varies a few degrees with changes inelevation. The wide average range in daily temperature of 25° to 30°F in the Denvermetropolitan area and a wide average range in annual temperature are typical for the HighPlains. Variations in temperature are wide from day to day; extremely hot weather insummer and extremely cold weather in the winter normally do not last long and arefollowed by much more moderate temperatures.Facilities materials and equipment shall be capable of maintaining operation within thefollowing conditions:TABLE 1A – CLIMATIC CONDITIONSAmbient Temperature-30°F to +110°FRelative Humidity 8 to 100%Maximum Rainfall in 24 Hours1.88 inchesMaximum Snowfall in 24 Hours10.1 inchesMaximum Wind Speed54 mphAverage Elevation Range5,000 – 8,000 feetRTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 1 – IntroductionBus Transit Facility Design Guidelines and Criteria February 2006Page 6 of 15

TABLE 1B – TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATIONTEMPERATUREPRECIPITATIONMONTHAVERAGEDAILYMAXIMUMAVERAGEDAILYMINIMUM2 YEARS IN 10WILL HAVE ATLEAST 4 DAYSWITHMAXTEMPEQUALORHIGHERTHANMINTEMPEQUALORLOWERTHANAVGTOTAL2 YEARS IN10 WILL HAVELESSTHANMORETHAN°F °F °F °F IN IN INAVG NO.DAYSWITHSNOWCOVERJAN 43 14 61 -6 0.4 0 0.8 8FEB 47 18 64 -2 0.4 0 0.7 9MAR 52 23 70 4 0.8 0 1.6 7APRIL 62 33 79 19 1.8 0 2.8 3MAY 71 42 86 32 2.5 0 3.7 1JUNE 84 51 96 40 1.5 0 2.6 0JULY 91 57 99 50 2.0 1 3.2 0AUG 89 56 98 49 1.4 0 2.1 0SEPT 80 47 94 35 1.1 0 1.7 ***OCT 69 36 83 25 0.7 0 1.5 1NOV 54 23 71 7 0.5 0 0.9 5DEC 46 18 64 2 0.4 0 0.6 7YEAR 66 35 *101 **- 14. 9 18. 41* Average annual highest temperature** Average annual lowest temperature*** Less than one-half dayData for long periods indicate that the average annual precipitation ranges from 13.5 to14.5 inches, with the highest precipitation occurring at the western edge of themetropolitan area. Particularly in summer and spring, precipitation may vary from year toyear and in different areas in the same year. Precipitation in the winter is more in thewestern part of the Denver metropolitan area than it is in other parts. These differencesare small but consistent from October to May. The annual snowfall is about 59 inches.The eastern part of the metropolitan area, however, usually receives more rainfall insummer than the west, but local rainfall varies widely from year to year.RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 1 – IntroductionBus Transit Facility Design Guidelines and Criteria February 2006Page 7 of 15

The relative humidity averages 39% during the day and 62% at night, but these averagesare slightly higher in winter than in summer. In an average year, the percentage ofsunshine is about 69%.Hailstorms cause some local damage almost every year. The hail usually falls in strips 1mile wide and 6 miles long. These storms are more common in the eastern part of theDenver metropolitan area than the western part and they generally occur from about May15 to September 1 but are most common in June and July.Requirements for climatic conditions defined in other sections of these Design Criteria takeprecedence.1.6.0 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONSThe following defined acronyms and abbreviations may appear in this document:AASHTOACIACOEADAADAAGAPTAASTMCCDCCTVCDOTCDPHECFRDBEFAAFCCFHWAFTAHVACIBCIEEEIESISOAmerican Association of State Highways and Transportation OfficialsAmerican Concrete InstituteArmy Corps of EngineersAmericans with Disabilities ActAmericans with Disabilities Act Accessibility GuidelinesAmerican Public Transit AssociationAmerican Society for Testing and MaterialsCity and County of DenverClosed Circuit TelevisionColorado Department of TransportationColorado Department of Public Health and EnvironmentCode of Federal RegulationsDisadvantaged Business EnterpriseFederal Aviation AdministrationFederal Communications CommissionFederal Highway AdministrationFederal Transit AdministrationHeating, Ventilating and Air ConditioningInternational Building CodeInstitute of Electrical and Electronic EngineersIlluminating Engineering SocietyInternational Organization for StandardsRTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 1 – IntroductionBus Transit Facility Design Guidelines and Criteria February 2006Page 8 of 15

LEDLOSLRTLRVNECNEMANESCNETANFPAOSHAPUCROWTODTVMUBCUDFCDUFCULUSDCMUSDOTLight Emitting DiodeLevel of ServiceLight Rail TransitLight Rail VehicleNational Electrical CodeNational Electrical Manufacturers AssociationNational Electrical Safety CodeNational Electrical Testing AssociationNational Fire Protection AssociationOccupational Safety and Health AdministrationPublic Utilities CommissionRight of WayTransit Oriented DevelopmentTicket Vending MachineUniform Building CodeUrban Drainage and Flood Control DistrictUniform Fire CodeUnderwriters Laboratories, IncUrban Storm Drainage Criteria ManualUnited States Department of Transportation1.7.0 TRANSIT FACILITY TYPESThe types of bus transit facilities are as follows:• Park and Ride (pnR)• Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) with/without expanded “Super Stop”• Transfer Station (pulse point) with no, or limited short-term parking (kiss-and-ride)• Street-side Bus StopThe functions and services include modal transfers to other buses, rail and personalvehicles (autos, trucks, vans and bicycles). Vehicle, pedestrian and bicycle circulationshall be accommodated within the transit facility. Additionally these movements mayoccur to and from adjacent areas of Transit Oriented Development (TOD), residence,employment, commerce, industry, learning, sport and entertainment centers. All shalladhere to applicable ADA requirements.The functional zones of transit facilities associated with specific bus operating activitiesare further discussed in the following sections.RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 1 – IntroductionBus Transit Facility Design Guidelines and Criteria February 2006Page 9 of 15

A facility type and the size of its functional zones shall depend upon specific planning,community and environmental requirements. For example, an informal or opportunistic lotmay provide only long-term parking and a transit loading area. In another case, thefunctional requirements of bus operations may require a specific number of bus loadingbays, while identifying the need for independent bus arrivals and departures. Inconjunction with RTD, the Design Engineer shall design site layouts that accommodate thenumber of transit vehicles and also determine the need for other transit facility types.The Design Criteria shall be carefully applied so that the design fits local conditions, safelyconnects with roadway networks, meets local government codes and regulations and iseasily maintained. RTD supports creativity and flexibility to encourage solutions that areconstrained by local conditions and to use standard transit design elements that maximizesmaintenance efficiencies. Many of the design parameters relate to the bus-oriented pnRfacility. These concepts can also be directly applied to rail oriented pnR facilities.Call-n-Ride services may be incorporated at any RTD bus transit facility in coordinationwith RTD service development division.1.8.0 COMMUNITY INTEGRATION AND TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT (TOD)Some concerns about bus transit facilities are that they do not discourage privateautomobile travel, have undesirable community and environmental impacts and areperceived to attract criminal activity. A successfully integrated design will mitigate theseconcerns, ease other apprehensions associated with bus transit facilities and provide thecommunity with better transit facilities.The community demands well built public works projects, and is very attentive to projectsin areas where vacant land is scarce, environmental concerns are dominant, and localdevelopment or in-fill redevelopment activities are vigorous. In these areas, transit isbecoming the solution to resolving traffic congestion, air pollution concerns and economicdevelopment. A community integrated facility will provide the maximum benefit to berealized from a fully intermodal/multimodal transit facility.A community integrated facility benefits transit ridership and increases potential revenuestreams for RTD and the community tax base. Better access improves communityintegration and promotes adjacent development. An integrated pnR can provide a focalpoint for future urban and transit oriented development (TOD).A coordinated effort is required for a successfully integrated transit facility, and mayinvolve several jurisdictions. Transit oriented zoning, platting and deed restrictions(easements) that promote transit facilities and TOD in the vicinity of the facility arebeneficial for a successful community integration. There must also be a market for thefacility and accompanying transit services in the community.RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 1 – IntroductionBus Transit Facility Design Guidelines and Criteria February 2006Page 10 of 15

1.9.0 PEDESTRIAN AND PASSENGER FACILITY REQUIREMENTSA transit facility consists of four elements:1. personal vehicle (car, motorcycle and bicycle) accommodation2. passenger facility3. pedestrian access space4. open space (detention and landscaping)Efficient operations require that all elements work in harmony, which provides a smoothand seamless intermodal transition from the personal vehicle, via the pedestrian mode tothe transit system. Other access and egress modes shall be included within this three-partsystem.Pedestrian related factors shall be considered when designing a successful transit facility.At the site-specific level, the design shall include: the general site layout, pedestrian andvehicle circulation routes and the intermodal bus plaza area.The following shall be considered when designing for pedestrians:• Separation of competing modes• Provision of pedestrian pathways• Provision of adequate pedestrian waiting areas (4 sf/ person min.)• Compliance with the ADA requirements and guidelines• Provide safe environments (adequate lighting and shelter)• Manage conflict points between pedestrian, bus and vehicle movements1.10.0 DISABILITY RIGHTS LAWSSpecific attention should be given to the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), the ADAAccessibility Guidelines for Building and Facilities (ADAAG), the ADA AccessibilityGuidelines for Transportation Vehicles and to any succeeding modifications that may beissued. Their applicability is noted in several sections of this Manual where apparent orappropriate significance apply. Adherence to ADA and ADA related guidelines is requiredfor all areas of this Manual, regardless of explicit, implied or lack of reference herein.1.10.1 ADA Accessible ParkingThe number of ADA accessible parking spaces shall be coordinated withlocal jurisdictions to ensure that their requirements are met. If local codesare more stringent than Federal guidelines, the more stringent shall befollowed. At least one van accessible space shall be placed at the site, andadditional ones for every eight ADA spaces are required. Table 1Csummarizes the number of accessible car parking spaces required per facilityby current ADA requirements.RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 1 – IntroductionBus Transit Facility Design Guidelines and Criteria February 2006Page 11 of 15

TABLE 1C – ADA ParkingTotal Parking in LotRequired Minimum Number ofAccessible Spaces1 to 25 126 to 50 251 to 75 376 to 100 4101 to 150 5151 to 200 6201 to 300 7301 to 400 8401 to 500 9501 to 1000 2% of total1001 and over 20 plus 1 for each 100 over 1000A facility design shall promote safe and convenient access for all patrons,and provide adequate ADA accessible parking stalls at the site. Designrequirements for individual ADA accessible parking stall layouts can be foundin the ADAAG. Grade changes and barriers between the ADA accessibleparking stalls and the transit loading area should be eliminated. All facilitiesshall be clearly signed for restricted use according to ADA requirements andMUTCD standards.1.11.0 BUS BOARDING AND ALIGHTING AREASConsideration for the disabled patron at transit loading facilities is required. Bus boardingand alighting areas shall have a firm, durable and stable surface (generally concrete).These areas shall be 30 feet long measured parallel to the roadway and 8 feet wide. Busboarding and alighting areas shall be connected to streets, sidewalks or pedestrian pathsby an ADA accessible route.Parallel to the roadway, the bus stop boarding and alighting area longitudinal slope shall bethe same as the roadway. The bus stop boarding and alighting area slope perpendicular(cross-slope) to the roadway shall be 2%, typically sloped toward the roadway.All pedestrian facilities shall be designed to meet the requirements and guidelines of ADAand ADAAG. At a minimum, pedestrian areas shall be provided with ramps through curbsand other vertical barriers, textured pavement surfaces and a barrier-free “accessible” pathbetween ADA accessible parking spaces and the transit terminal. Adequate space for fulldeployment and loading of vehicle lifts shall be provided adjacent to each bus platform inaccordance with ADAAG. Additional features such as Braille signage and audible signalsshall be considered as aids to visually impaired patrons.RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 1 – IntroductionBus Transit Facility Design Guidelines and Criteria February 2006Page 12 of 15

However, if a reduction in costs can be achieved with staggered bus arrivalsand departures, individual bus bays can be shared. The design of “shared”bays must be coordinated with RTD. Extreme care is required to ensure thereliability of staggered bus-bays for each intersecting route through a singletransit center, especially if transfers are expected between routes.Bus bay configurations that may be used within a transit facility include:• Linear bays with successive transit vehicle lining up in single file• Sawtooth bus bays providing individual bays for specific routes(generally preferred configuration)• Angled or diagonal bays require back outs, and are typically used onlywhen buses have extended dwell times (e.g., intercity bus terminal)• Drive-through bays are used in compact areas, and allow bus frontdestination signs to face arriving passengers (e.g. rail station exits)The Design Engineer shall coordinate an appropriate bay configuration forthe site with RTD during the conceptual design phase.1.13.2 Other Operational Design ConsiderationsThe following design considerations, which are generated by on siteoperations, shall be incorporated within a transit facility:• Provide layover space for scheduled down time• Provide necessary driver amenitiesA layover is a scheduled time during which a transit vehicle dwells at aspecific location for longer than needed to load passengers. Layovers canoften be identified within a route schedule by location, as having a listedarrival and departure time. Driver amenities may include a driver reliefstation (DRS), vending machines and break areas.Layover Space: As required, and determined in coordination with RTD, anadequate transit facility area shall be designed for layovers, preferably at alocation separated from passenger loading bays. Buses using layoverlocations can re-enter the internal transit stream and pick up passengersafter a layover is complete. This reduces passenger confusion and frustrationwith transit vehicles not leaving the transit stop promptly upon loading.Dimensions for adequate layover space shall be determined by the number ofbuses to be stored at the site and the physical dimensions of the criticaldesign vehicle. The required layover space length is also determined by thescheduled layover overlaps, and by clear line of sight requirements. Typicallayover spaces require:• 40 to 60 feet layover length per dwelling transit vehicle• 7:1 taper for pull in and 4:1 taper for pull out• 10 feet clearance between dwelling transit vehicleRTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 1 – IntroductionBus Transit Facility Design Guidelines and Criteria February 2006Page 14 of 15

• 12 feet layover stall widthDrivers Relief Station (DRS): A DRS for transit operators shall be provided atlayover and end of line locations and should be accommodated within a pnRfacility, transfer facility or any other major operational activity. See Section7 of this Manual for additional requirements.1.14.0 PROVIDING FOR PRIVATE VEHICLES (AUTO, BIKE & MOTORCYCLE)Pedestrian and transit movements within the facility must be emphasized to assuresuccessful community integration and efficient facility operations. Private vehicles andtransit elements are the primary modes for which intermodal transit facilities are designed.They are often the principal measure of effectiveness (MOE) for a facility (i.e., vehicleusage is often the main MOE that justifies the investment). In addition to providingpleasant and safe pedestrian environments and efficient transit operations, a successfultransit facility must provide adequate and secure parking facilities for automobiles,motorcycles and bicycles.As required by specific facility operational needs, private vehicle parking areas shall beprovided to accommodate long-term (extended duration), all-day/part-time commuting, andshort-term or “kiss-n-ride” activities. Major design elements and considerations for theseoperations shall include:• Surface or structured parking• Parking layout and stall alignment• Bike locker and rack locations• Onsite circulation (including pavement markings and signage)• Facility access geometry and elements• Parking demand management (may include pay-n-park alternatives)• ADA accessibility and parking requirements• Pavement designs• Grading, drainage and utility needs• Illumination needs• “Kiss-n-ride” activities• Landscape and architectural elements• Maintenance and operations• Safety and securityRTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 1 – IntroductionBus Transit Facility Design Guidelines and Criteria February 2006Page 15 of 15

SECTION 2 – BUS TRANSIT FACILITY DESIGN2.1.0 GENERAL ..................................................................................................... 22.2.0 BUS RAPID TRANSIT FACILITIES .................................................................... 22.2.1 General.......................................................................................... 22.2.2 BRT Facility Design General Concepts................................................ 22.2.3 BRT Median Station Design .............................................................. 32.2.4 Slip Ramp Station Design................................................................. 42.2.5 BRT Superstop ............................................................................... 62.3.0 BUS STOPS .................................................................................................. 72.4.0 TRANSFER STATIONS ................................................................................... 72.4.1 General.......................................................................................... 72.4.2 Design Characteristics ..................................................................... 72.5.0 BUS DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS .................................................................... 82.5.1 General.......................................................................................... 82.5.2 Design Characteristics ..................................................................... 82.6.0 GRADE-SEPARATED PEDESTRIAN ACCESS.................................................... 112.7.0 PARK AND RIDE (PNR) DESIGN..................................................................... 112.7.1 Bus Transfer Areas........................................................................ 112.7.2 Parking Areas ............................................................................... 12RTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 2 - Bus Transit Facility DesignBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 1 of 13

SECTION 2 – BUS TRANSIT FACILITY DESIGN2.1.0 GENERALThis section provides the minimum design standards to be used in the design of RTD bustransit facilities. Facilities shall be designed in consideration of the safety of buspassengers and the general public, system reliability, passenger comfort and ease ofmaintenance. Construction and operation should cause minimum disruption to traffic,local businesses and communities. Bus transit facility design should be economical withrespect to construction, maintenance and operations.2.2.0 BUS RAPID TRANSIT FACILITIES2.2.1 GeneralThe concept of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) is currently evolving, and manytypes of systems are in operation, nationally and internationally. In general,BRT can be defined as a regional or express transit service using rubber-tiredvehicles that is designed to reduce travel time, increase reliability andincrease the quality of passenger service and ride. The approaches that areused to achieve this include giving priority to transit vehicles, providing alimited number of bus stops, sharing High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) or tolllanes, traveling in exclusive right-of-way (ROW) or designated bus lanes,using alternative fare collection systems (eliminating on-board farecollection), providing special vehicles and using Intelligent TransportationSystems (ITS).2.2.2 BRT Facility Design General ConceptsBRT facilities shall be designed to accommodate RTD’s current vehicle fleet,unless otherwise directed by RTD. Currently, RTD operates city, intracity,and articulated buses (see Section 2.5) that may be used for BRT service.Bus facilities shall be integrated into the surrounding roadway (local orhighway) network, and designs shall be compatible with CDOT or localroadway design standards, as applicable. BRT facilities shall be designed toaccommodate quick loading and unloading of passengers, and shall bedesigned to provide safe pedestrian access between the BRT stations andadjacent park-n-Ride (pnR). Pedestrian access routes between stationplatforms and pnR should provide the shortest walking distance possible.The walking distance from station platforms to the most distant parking stallshould be within a desired range of 1000 feet with a maximum of 1500 feet(or prior approval by RTD).BRT facilities shall be designed to accommodate support vehicles, such astow trucks, street supervisor vans and maintenance vehicles.The BRT system consists of roadway improvements, including priority lanes,acceleration and deceleration lanes and station platforms. Station platformsRTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 2 - Bus Transit Facility DesignBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 2 of 13

will be designed to be located either in a highway median (median stations),at the edge of roadways on bus-only ramps (slip ramp stations), on highwayentrance or exit ramps (bus pullout stations) or located at the edge of nonhighwayroadways (BRT Superstops).As determined by specific corridor studies, if BRT lanes in highway ROW areconstructed along the exterior ROW limit, stations shall be located atexclusive BRT slip ramps along the BRT corridor.2.2.3 BRT Median Station DesignMedian stations shall be used where buses travel within a designated BRT orHOV lane located to the left of the main roadway general purpose travellanes. A median station shall be located where a pnR is placed adjacent tothe highway ROW and shall be connected to the pnR and associated transitplaza areas with pedestrian access facilities. Median stations typically willnot be used unless all stations within the corridor are located within themedian and are integrated with the design of highway improvements.Bus AccessBRT vehicles will access median stations from the left traffic lane on multilaneroads. Acceleration and deceleration lanes for the BRT station shall bedesigned in accordance with American Association of State Highway andTransportation Officials (AASHTO) design standards. Bus lanes adjacent tostation platforms will be 12 feet wide and shall be designed toaccommodate the through movement of buses. A 12 feet wide bypass laneshall be constructed to the left of and adjacent to the through lane.Lanes in opposing directions at stations shall be separated by a barriersystem that prevents the movement of pedestrians between platforms atgrade. The barrier shall include an emergency access point for movementbetween platforms.Lanes accessing BRT stations from the highway will be visuallydifferentiated from the highway lanes by using signage and pavementmarkings to prevent unauthorized vehicles from entering the station area.Pedestrian AccessPedestrian access from pnR plaza areas to median stations shall be viagrade-separated walkways connecting the station to platform areas locatedoutside highway ROW (See Section 2.6 of this Manual).Station PlatformsMedian station platform lengths shall accommodate the RTD vehicle fleet.They shall be sized to include the maximum number of vehicles that willsimultaneously access them, which shall be determined by the RTDRTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 2 - Bus Transit Facility DesignBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 3 of 13

approved service and operations plan. The Design Engineer shall confirm therequired platform length with RTD during the concept design phase.Platforms shall be designed to load passengers headed in one direction only.At-grade crossings between platforms (across the bus lanes) shall beprevented with a traffic barricade, fencing or other suitable barrier. Stationdesign shall include provisions for an emergency at-grade crossing betweenplatforms.Station platforms shall be concrete, and shall have a tactile warning strip(TWS) along the edge of the bus-loading area. TWS (detectable warnings)shall be in accordance with the ADAAG.Platforms shall have minimum and maximum cross-slopes of 1% and 2%respectively, and a maximum longitudinal slope of 2%. Stations shall beaccessible to disabled individuals in accordance with ADA and ADAAGrequirements. Station platform width shall be determined by therequirements of NFPA 130 and the dimensional requirements for elevatorsand stairs.Median station platforms shall be accessed from transit plaza areas at theedge of the adjacent highway ROW. BRT station and transit plaza amenitiesshall include benches, shelters, trash receptacles, lighting and security.Stations may also include facilities for Intelligent Transportation Systems(ITS) communications. Transit plaza areas shall include the rapid farecollection technology in use by RTD (TVM, RFID, SmartCard, etc.). Plazaareas may include kiss-n-ride facilities for passenger drop-off.2.2.4 Slip Ramp Station DesignSlip ramp and bus pull-out stations are typically located on limited accessroadways, and are placed where a pnR is located adjacent to the highway.The ramps are constructed in pairs and may be located at interchange on oroff-ramps or can be located along highways between interchanges. Slipramps and bus pull-outs will be used where BRT priority lanes are locatedalong the exterior of the highway general purpose lanes.Bus AccessSlip ramp and bus pull-out station locations shall be coordinated with thelocation of the adjacent pnR or kiss-n-Ride that serves the station. Wherestations are located between interchanges, acceleration and decelerationlanes shall be constructed in accordance with AASHTO standards. Whereslip ramps are located on interchange ramps, the interchange ramps shouldbe evaluated for the need to modify existing acceleration or deceleration lanelength per AASHTO or other appropriate standards.RTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 2 - Bus Transit Facility DesignBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 4 of 13

Slip ramp design shall include a bus stop area and bus bypass lane. Thebypass lane shall be visually different from the highway lanes, if shared withgeneral purpose or other non-transit traffic. Visual contrast shall be achievedwith signage and pavement markings to prevent unauthorized vehicles fromentering the station area. Wherever possible, a raised island shall be used toseparate the bus stop and bypass lanes from highway through lanes for theprotection of transit patrons.Bus pull-outs located on interchange ramps shall be constructed with aminimum taper of 7:1 pulling into the station platform area and a minimumtaper of 4:1 pulling out of the station platform area. The pullout area shall beseparated from the main ramp lanes by a raised median.Pedestrian AccessSlip ramp station platforms shall have a pedestrian access between thestation platforms. The pedestrian access shall be physically separated fromtraffic with a grade-separated structure (see Section 2.6). Existingoverpasses or underpasses with pedestrian facilities may be used for accessbetween station platforms, if approved by RTD and the owner of the facility.Station PlatformsSlip ramp station platforms shall be 110 feet long, which will accommodatetwo 45 foot buses. If articulated buses are planned for the station, then theplatform length shall be 150 feet. Longer platforms may be requireddepending on the number of buses expected to access the facility at thesame time, as determined by RTD. The Design Engineer shall verify theplatform length requirements with RTD prior to design. Platforms shall beconstructed of concrete and shall have minimum and maximum cross-slopesof 1% and 2% respectively, and a maximum longitudinal slope of 2%.Stations shall be accessible to disabled individuals in accordance with ADAand ADAAG requirements. Station platform width shall be determined by therequirements of NFPA 130 and the dimensional requirements for elevatorsand stairs.Station platforms shall be accessed from transit plaza areas at adjacentpnRs. BRT station and transit plaza amenities shall include benches, shelters,trash receptacles, lighting and security. Stations may also include facilitiesfor ITS communications. Transit plaza areas shall include the rapid farecollection technology in use by RTD (TVM, RFID, SmartCard, etc.). Plazaareas may include adjacent kiss-n-ride facilities for passenger drop-off.RTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 2 - Bus Transit Facility DesignBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 5 of 13

2.2.5 BRT SuperstopBRT Superstops are BRT stations that are located on the roadway system ofthe local jurisdiction, typically on arterial streets. Superstops may also servethe local or limited bus system in addition to the BRT service. Superstopsshall be designed to accommodate all vehicles that will use the facility.Superstops shall be designed to differentiate the station from stops thatserve only local routes by using urban design elements such as specialshelter design and special paving to differentiate them from local bus stops.Superstop platforms shall be accessible in accordance with ADAAG or othermore restrictive local standards. Transit plaza areas shall include the rapidfare collection technology in use by RTD (TVM, RFID, SmartCard, etc.).Superstops shall be a minimum of 70 feet long for accommodation of onebus at a time, or as designated by RTD service planners. Platforms shall belocated so that buses can maneuver through a 7:1 taper into the bus stopand a 4:1 taper out of the bus stop. If Superstops are located in an areawith on-street parking, they may be designed as bus bulbs. Where theSuperstop is located adjacent to an asphalt pavement street, a concrete buspad shall be placed adjacent to the sidewalk (see RTD Standard Drawings).Superstops shall be located at the far side of street intersections, wherepossible. Near side stops may be used where bus movements will notconflict with auto traffic right turning movements. “Queue-jumping” (prioritybus movement) signals may be used in conjunction with near side stops toprovide priority movement for buses traveling in general traffic lanes.Signals shall be designed in coordination with the local traffic authority.A bus bulb, also known as a nub, curb extension or bus bulge, is a sectionof sidewalk that extends from the curb of a parking lane to the edge of athrough lane. In regard to traffic operations, bus bulbs operate similarly tocurbside bus stops. Buses stop in the traffic lane instead of weaving into aparking-lane curbside stop. A major advantage of using bus bulbs is thecreation of additional plaza space at bus stops. This space allows for theinclusion of bus patron amenities such as shelters and benches where theinclusion of such amenities would otherwise be limited by lack of space. Themotivation for installing bus bulbs is to reduce sidewalk congestion, and toeliminate bus access weaving maneuvers into a parking-lane curbside stop(also called a bus bay stop). Bus bulbs are suitable for sites with high patronvolumes, crowded city sidewalks and curbside parking.RTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 2 - Bus Transit Facility DesignBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 6 of 13

2.3.0 BUS STOPSBus stops shall be located as directed by RTD. Bus stops shall be located either at the faror near side of intersections, with the preference being the far side and, if possible, shouldbe placed in locations where street grades are less than 4%. The location of a bus stop ata parking lane curbside stop (also called a pull out or bus bay stop) should provide roomfor a bus to maneuver through a 7:1 access taper into the bus stop and a 4:1 egress taperout of the bus stop. If the bus stop is located adjacent to a street with asphalt pavement,a concrete bus pad shall be placed adjacent to the gutter pan. See RTD Standard Drawingsfor a typical bus pad.When bus stops are located along detached sidewalks, a concrete boarding area shall beinstalled between the back of curb and front of sidewalk. When bus stops are locatedalong attached sidewalks, and attached sidewalks are less than 8 feet wide, a concreteboarding area shall be added behind the sidewalk so that a minimum 8 feet wide area isprovided. Concrete boarding areas shall be a minimum of 30 feet in length. See RTDStandard Drawings for additional information.The cross slope of all boarding areas shall be 2%.Generally, shelters shall be provided at bus stops where ridership exceeds 40 passengersper day, and as determined by RTD’s shelter installation criteria evaluation process. Thecriteria includes span of service, scheduling, physical space, safety and others asspecified.Where there are known to be bicycle pass-up problems (i.e. full bus bike rack), bikeparking shall be provided so that customers may safely lock and store their bike. SeeSection 4 for shelter facility design criteria.2.4.0 TRANSFER STATIONS2.4.1 GeneralTransfer stations shall be designed for the safe and efficient movement ofvehicles and pedestrians. Transfer station access shall be designed toprovide rapid, safe and efficient movement of vehicles between the transferstation and local traffic.2.4.2 Design CharacteristicsTransfer station facilities shall be separated from the main travel lanes ofadjacent roadways. Walkways and plaza areas shall be provided forpedestrian movement between bus bays.Transfer station grades shall be designed in accordance with the provisionsof Section 3.7.2 of this Manual. Bus bays shall be constructed withsawtooth geometry (see RTD Standard Drawings), unless alternativeconfigurations are approved by RTD. Bus travel and bypass lanes shall havea minimum width of 12 feet.RTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 2 - Bus Transit Facility DesignBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 7 of 13

Transfer station facilities shall be designed to accommodate supportvehicles, such as tow trucks, street supervisor vans and maintenancevehicles. A driver relief station (DRS) including water and sanitary sewerservice, bicycle parking and pedestrian amenities (i.e., shelters, benches,lighting, trash receptacles, information holders and map case) shall beprovided at all transfer stations.2.5.0 BUS DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS2.5.1 GeneralBuses in use by RTD are categorized as city, intercity and articulated buses.Some smaller, special transit buses are in use on local routes. Bus transitfacilities shall be designed for the largest bus that could use the facility.2.5.2 Design CharacteristicsTable 2A presents the characteristics of the vehicle fleet currently in use byRTD. Figure 2A shows the measurement characteristics. The geometry ofall bus facilities should be checked against these characteristics so thatvehicles may maneuver through facilities without causing damage to eitherthe vehicles or facilities. All of the vehicles listed below operate on citystreets with a 6 inch high curb with the exception of the mall shuttlevehicles, which typically are operated on streets with a 4 inch high curb. Allbuses, except Mall Shuttles and paratransit vehicles, are equipped with bikeracks to transport a limited number of bicycles during the patrons commute.Because RTD continually acquires and retires portions of its bus fleet, theDesign Engineer shall confirm existing or anticipated bus characteristics foruse at the time of site construction.RTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 2 - Bus Transit Facility DesignBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 8 of 13

TABLE 2A BUS DESIGN CHARACTERISTICSBus Type*Bus FeaturesTransitBus- 29-ft.Transit Bus 31-ft. 4-in.Low Floor30-ft.Low Floor40-ft.Inner CityInter CityArticulatedMall ShuttleMax. Body Width 96 102 102 102 102 102 102 102(in.) **Body Length (ft.) 29 31.33 30 41 40 - 45 45 60 45Wheelbase (in.)Axle 1-2 139 170 163 279 139- 275 264 276318Axle 2-3 N/A N/A N/A– 54 233 N/A52Max. Outer Wheel 30 31 29 44 47 47 44 46Turning Radius(ft.)Max. Height (in.) 120 120 120 122 140 140 138 136Ground Clearance10.2 11.8 10 10 10(in.)Axle Clearance6 8.5 5.5 5.5 6(in.)Curb Weight (lb.) 22,800 26,220 23,100 28,200 28,600 40,000 44,000 25,000***Approach Angle >8.6º >9º >8.5º >8.5º >9ºDeparture Angle >8.2º >9º >9º >9º >9ºSeating Capacity 24 29 26 36 43-47 55 63 18* The Design Engineer shall confirm bus overhang (front and rear) and include bicycle rackdeployment length for all designs.** Maximum Width - This width does not include rear view mirrors, bumpers, signal lights orrub rail. Add 18” to each side of the bus for rear view mirrors.***Maximum Curb Weight - Curb Weight is the weight of vehicle, including maximum fuel,oil and coolant; and all equipment required for operation and required by this Design Criteria,but without passengers or operator. For gross load, calculate one hundred fifty pounds forevery designed passenger seating position, for the operator and for each 1.5 square feet offree floor space. Gross Vehicle Weight equals curb weight plus gross load. See vehiclespecifications for the weight distribution by axle.RTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 2 - Bus Transit Facility DesignBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 9 of 13

18” 24”WHEELWHEELAREAAREAAXLEZONE45 o 45 o 45 oAXLEZONE45 o18”24”REAR½ WHEEL BASEFRONTDEPARTUREANGLEBREAKOVERANGLEAPPROACHANGLETRANSIT BUS MINIMUM ROAD CLEARANCEFIGURE 2A BUS CHARACTERISTICSRTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 2 - Bus Transit Facility DesignBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 10 of 13

2.6.0 GRADE-SEPARATED PEDESTRIAN ACCESSGrade separated pedestrian accesses will be constructed wherever pedestrian traffictraveling between elements of the transit system must be protected from vehicular traffic.In general, bridges are preferable to tunnel access because of security concerns. Allaccesses shall be designed in accordance with the most current version of ADAAG, orother local, more restrictive accessibility standards. Ramps, stairs and elevators shall beincluded in order to satisfy ADA requirements, emergency egress requirements and toprovide convenient and efficient mobility between transit system elements. Elevators shallbe capable of accommodating bicycles and emergency medical equipment (gurneys).Pedestrian bridges shall include enclosed walkways in order to protect the users from theweather. Grade separated accesses shall include provisions for periodic cleaning,maintenance and inspection of structural members. Grade separated access shall bedesigned with consideration of economical construction and maintenance. Designguidelines for grade-separated pedestrian access facilities are provided in Section 6 of thisManual.2.7.0 PARK AND RIDE (pnR) DESIGNPark-n-Rides (pnR) are provided for the use of transit patrons using personal vehicles toreach the transit system. A pnR should provide convenient facilities for access to thetransit system and for transit patrons to leave personal vehicles long term.Park-n-Rides are provided in locations as designated by RTD service planners or whereindicated by specific corridor studies. Typical pnR locations are at light rail or commuterrail stations, adjacent to BRT stations and at locations that can be conveniently accessedby multiple local and express routes or by regional bus routes.A pnR shall typically provide individually marked parking stalls and access drives,passenger pick-up and drop off facilities (kiss-n-Ride, short term parking), bus transferfacilities including bus bays for loading and unloading, a drivers relief station (DRS),shelters, benches, trash receptacles, bicycle parking, lighting, information kiosks, publictelephones (pay and emergency) and security features. Facilities shall be paved,landscaped and designed to provide safe and convenient parking and bus transfer facilitiesfor transit patrons. A pnR shall be designed with consideration for efficiency of use,economical site construction and convenient maintenance activities. The site design shallmeet the requirements of the local jurisdiction.2.7.1 Bus Transfer AreasBus transfer areas can be internal to the site or may be located at the edgeof an adjacent roadway.Where transfer facilities are located adjacent to the site on the local roadwaysystem, bus pads shall be constructed in accordance with RTD StandardDrawings. The location of bus pads shall be coordinated with the localroadway authority.RTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 2 - Bus Transit Facility DesignBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 11 of 13

Where transfer areas are located on site, integrated with a pnR, bus transferareas shall be separated wherever possible from parking areas so that bustraffic and private vehicle traffic do not share drive lanes. The bus waitingarea shall be constructed with concrete pavement and concrete curb andgutter, and individual bus loading bays shall be designed in accordance withRTD Standard Drawings. The number of bus bays provided in the waitingarea shall be as designated by RTD’s service development division.Access to the bus transfer areas shall, wherever possible be located atsignalized intersections. Two points of access shall be provided, if possible.All access shall be designed so that buses may enter and exit the transferfacility without reverse movement. Access to the site shall be coordinatedwith the local roadway authority. Bus access from the local roadway to thesite shall be constructed with the use of curb returns or curb cuts, asrequired by local jurisdictions. The use of curb cuts shall be avoided. Curbreturn and drive lane minimum radii shall be designed in accordance withSection 3.7.9 of this Manual. Bus facility turning radii shall be designed forthe radius of the most restrictive vehicle that could access the facility.A DRS shall be located within a convenient distance (50 feet or less) fromthe bus waiting area, unless site constraints require a longer distance, whichshall be coordinated with RTD.Bus transfer area facilities, including site fixtures, pavement, lighting, DRS,utilities, bike facilities, drainage, and urban design and landscaping shall bedesigned in accordance with the appropriate sections of this Design Criteriaand local requirements.2.7.2 Parking AreasParking areas can be constructed as surface lots or as multi-story parkingstructures. Wherever possible, parking areas shall be constructed as surfacelots. If parking demand is high and ROW is unavailable, parking structuresshall be considered. For planning purposes, the designer shall assume a ratioof 75 parking spaces per acre for surface lots (see Section 1.1.0).The pnR shall have access from public roadways from at least two locations.Full movement access must be available from at least one signalizedintersection, if possible. Right-in-right-out (RI/RO) and three-quartermovements may be acceptable for additional access points. Drive lanes thatmix bus traffic with private vehicle traffic shall be avoided. Site access shallbe coordinated with the local roadway authority.Parking areas shall be constructed of concrete or asphalt and shall includeconcrete curb and gutter. The type of pavement shall be based onrecommendations from a geotechnical study or pavement design and asdirected by RTD. See Section 3 of this Manual for site design standards.Parking area facilities, including pavement, lighting, security, drainage andRTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 2 - Bus Transit Facility DesignBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 12 of 13

landscaping shall be designed in accordance with the appropriate section ofthis Design Criteria and local requirements. See Section 6 of this Manual forparking structure criteria.RTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 2 - Bus Transit Facility DesignBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 13 of 13

SECTION 3 – CIVIL DESIGN3.1.0 GENERAL ..................................................................................................... 33.2.0 SURVEY ....................................................................................................... 33.3.0 GEOTECHNICAL ............................................................................................ 33.3.1 Pavement Design ................................................................................. 33.3.2 Soils and Foundation Investigations and Pavement Designs ....................... 53.4.0 DRAINAGE, EROSION CONTROL, WATER QUALITY .......................................... 63.4.1 General............................................................................................... 63.4.2 Hydrologic Criteria ............................................................................... 63.4.3 Hydraulic Criteria ................................................................................. 73.4.4 Storm Sewer....................................................................................... 73.4.5 Inlets.................................................................................................. 83.4.6 Detention Facilities............................................................................... 83.4.7 Permanent Water Quality Facilities ......................................................... 83.4.8 Erosion Control.................................................................................... 93.5.0 UTILITIES ..................................................................................................... 93.5.1 Water Service...................................................................................... 93.5.2 Sanitary Sewer.................................................................................. 103.5.3 Electrical........................................................................................... 103.5.4 Telephone and Communication Services ............................................... 103.6.0 SITE FURNISHINGS...................................................................................... 113.7.0 SITE LAYOUT ............................................................................................. 113.7.1 Access and Circulation ....................................................................... 113.7.2 Grading ............................................................................................ 123.7.3 Islands.............................................................................................. 133.7.4 Parking Stalls .................................................................................... 133.7.5 ADA Accessible Parking ..................................................................... 143.7.6 Motorcycle Parking ............................................................................ 143.7.7 Kiss-n-Ride (short-term parking) ........................................................... 143.7.8 Bus Bays and Saw Tooth Geometry ..................................................... 143.7.9 Internal Lane and Aisle Criteria ............................................................ 153.7.10 Plaza Layout...................................................................................... 153.8.0 ACCESSIBILITY STANDARDS ....................................................................... 153.9.0 ROADWAY IMPROVEMENTS ........................................................................ 16RTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 3 – Civil DesignBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 1 of 17

3.9.1 General............................................................................................. 163.9.2 Street Improvements .......................................................................... 163.9.3 Traffic Signals and Control Devices ...................................................... 163.10.0 SNOW STORAGE AREAS ........................................................................... 16RTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 3 – Civil DesignBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 2 of 17

SECTION 3 – CIVIL DESIGN3.1.0 GENERALThis Design Criteria establishes the minimum standards to be used in the design of RTDbus transit facilities. This section is intended to direct the Design Engineer in the civilengineering design at all RTD bus transit facilities.3.2.0 SURVEYAn ALTA survey is required for all new facilities and expansions of existing ones, unlessone already exists that is less than 2 years old or it is otherwise determined by RTD thatnone is required (i.e., small or limited service facilities for street-side stops). RTD’sminimum requirement from an ALTA Survey includes items 1-15 from Table A of the 2005edition of ALTA/ACSM Land Title Survey, and shall include the following or additionalitems:• Item #11 –Include locations horizontally and vertically for Storm Sewers (rims andinverts at manholes, inlets and outlets), Sanitary Sewers (rims and inverts atmanholes), Gas Mains (potholed elevations), fiber optic lines (potholed elevations),water mains and appurtenances.• Item #12 – Per the requirements of the local jurisdiction.• Include any other physical planimetric features including landscaping and fences,and also topography, as stipulated, within fifty-(50) feet of the site. Topographyshall include 1 foot contours and spot elevations as appropriate.• Include easements, rights-of-way (ROW) and other jurisdictional, utility, RR orspecial district encumbrances.The electronic format of the survey shall be in a matching project/world coordinatesystem, project base point and scale. RTD’s standard vertical datum is the North AmericanVertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88) and shall be used unless written permission has beenreceived from RTD to use another datum.3.3.0 GEOTECHNICAL3.3.1 Pavement DesignA geotechnical investigation and pavement designs are required for new orexpanded major facilities (i.e., pnR, BRT stops and transfer station) unless arelevant report acceptable to RTD already exists for the area underconsideration. Pavement designs are required for both patron vehicle andbus loadings and shall include recommendations for both Portland CementConcrete (PCC) and Hot Bituminous Pavement (HBP). Pavement designsshall be based on the 20 year 18,000 pound equivalent single axle load (18KESAL). Pavement designs shall be prepared in accordance with theMetropolitan Government Pavement Engineers Council (MGPEC) criteria andshall include a life cycle cost analysis.RTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 3 – Civil DesignBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 3 of 17

Recommendations of “over excavating” for the subgrade preparation ofsurface parking areas that exceed 1 foot in depth should be avoided andalternative solutions explored. Subgrade preparation (i.e., moisturetreatment, lime stabilization or other) in excess of 1 foot shall be evaluatedon a case-by-case basis and alternative solutions shall be explored. In allcases the subgrade should be evaluated to determine its structural bearingcapacity. Additional geotechnical investigations shall include determining“R” value, plastic/liquid limit and plasticity index (PL/LL/PI), shrink-swellpotential and other applicable criteria based on site conditions.Geotechnical investigations (including sampling frequencies) for pavementdesign purposes shall be conducted in accordance with MGPEC criteria.There are three typical load carrying pavements at a facility:• The first (heaviest load-carrying) pavement is for bus lanes andbays. To lessen pavement rolling and rutting, they shall be PCC 10-inch depth, or as recommended by a pavement design prepared bya registered Professional Engineer. All PCC pavements shall includecurb and gutters that are monolithically poured and tied to the PCCpavement with dowels per RTD Standard Drawings. Pavementthicknesses less than 10” depth for bus lanes and bays shall beapproved by RTD in writing.• The second pavement type is for patron vehicle circulation orparking. It may be constructed with hot bituminous pavement(HBP) or PCC. PCC pavement is preferred, but HBP may be betterfor specific applications due to light reflectivity or costconsiderations. The minimum circulation route pavement thicknessis 8 inches, or as recommended by a pavement design prepared bya registered Professional Engineer.• The third pavement shall be for walkway, plaza and otherpedestrian areas. It shall be constructed with polypropylene fibermesh reinforced PCC, 6-inch thick, capable of bearing maintenanceand snow removal vehicles.Concrete for PCC pavement shall be CDOT mix design class “P”, 4200 psiat 28 days. CDOT mix design class “B”, 3000 psi at 28 days may be usedfor walkways, plazas and curb and gutter with approval from RTD.Hot bituminous pavement shall be in accordance with the MGPEC PavementDesign Standards and Construction Specifications. Generally, hotbituminous pavement grading “SX” should be used for the top lift ofpavement and grading “S” for the lower lifts. The Design Engineer shallinclude a completed MGPEC Form 9 as part of the Technical Specificationsfor specifying hot bituminous pavement.As allowed by local jurisdictions and directed by RTD, temporary parking lotsmay be paved with gravel, crusher fines or recycled materials. They shall beRTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 3 – Civil DesignBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 4 of 17

stabilized with a minimum 6-inch thick layer of compacted recycled asphalt.Temporary facilities may be excluded from the requirement of a geotechnicalreport and pavement design with approval from RTD.All pavement subgrade shall be treated with a soil sterilant to inhibit futurevegetative growth.3.3.2 Soils and Foundation Investigations and Pavement DesignsA Professional Engineer shall prepare a foundation report for all pavements,structures and retaining walls, and gather appropriate information for astable design, which, in addition to field work, shall include a review ofpreliminary structure plans, previous foundation reports, as-built plans andhistoric subsurface conditions information for the proposed structure area.The prior information review shall focus the analysis towards areas ofconcern before starting fieldwork.A bore-hole plan approved by RTD shall be established on a site plan layoutand shall be relative to proposed foundation, pavement or excavationlocations. A drill crew shall collect undisturbed soil samples for laboratorytesting and perform appropriate in-situ soil tests.An engineer or geologist working under the direction and supervision of aregistered Professional Engineer shall collect soil samples, perform in-situand other manual field tests and observations, compile the results, documentand record the data, and provide the necessary information to develop theproject boring log and final geotechnical report. The report shall includegeotechnical design recommendations based on the collected data. Thereport shall be signed and sealed by the registered Professional Engineer.After completing the test borings log, the registered Professional Engineershall analyze geotechnical surface and subsurface information, prepare ageotechnical report, as discussed above, and submit a signed and sealedcopy to RTD, which shall include the recommended foundation type, and allpertinent geological foundation design parameters.The report, at a minimum, shall include:• Site conditions (current and historic)• Geologic conditions• Site investigations• Subsurface conditions• Recommendations• Limitations• Surficial geology• Surficial geology map legend• Plan location of exploratory bore holesRTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 3 – Civil DesignBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 5 of 17

• Bore-hole logs with depth and geologic stratigraphy• Legends and notes of exploratory borings• Ground water potential, depth and possible fluctuations• Summary of laboratory test results• Soil corrosiveness potential test results• Sulfide content• Swell compression test results• Gradation test results (sieve analysis)• R value• Liquid and Plastic Limits (LL and PL)• Plasticity Index (PI)• Moisture density relationships (dry density and optimum moisturecontent)• AASHTO T-99, T-180 (modified and standard proctor applications)• Dewatering requirements and recommendations• Monitoring requirements and recommendations• Potential utility conflicts• Pavement Designs• Other items as determined for the specific site conditions3.4.0 DRAINAGE, EROSION CONTROL AND WATER QUALITY3.4.1 GeneralDrainage design shall be in accordance with the design standards andtechnical criteria of the local jurisdictional agency. Whenever the work islocated within CDOT right-of-way, CDOT standards as specified in the CDOTDrainage Design Manual shall be followed. Where local jurisdictions have nocodes or standards, the design standards and technical criteria provided inthe Urban Drainage and Flood Control District’s (UDFCD) Urban StormDrainage Criteria Manual (USDCM) and the CDOT Drainage Design Manualshall be used.Storm water control and conveyance system design shall not impactadjacent properties upstream or downstream of RTD facilities beyondhistoric and legal allowances without consent and documented approvalfrom adjacent property owners and governing jurisdictions.Work within regulatory floodplains shall meet the requirements of the localjurisdiction and FEMA.3.4.2 Hydrologic CriteriaStormwater design flows shall be determined using methods specified by thedesign standards and technical criteria of the local jurisdiction. If no methodsRTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 3 – Civil DesignBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 6 of 17

are specified, flows shall be determined using the Rational Method or theColorado Urban Hydrograph Procedure and the Urban Drainage Storm WaterManagement Model as described in the USDCM, as applicable.All bus transit facilities, including parking lots and roadway improvementsshall be designed in accordance with the design storm frequencies asspecified by the technical criteria of the local jurisdiction. If design stormfrequencies are not specified, the minor storm system shall be designed forthe 5-year storm and the major storm system shall be designed for the 100-year storm. CDOT criteria use only the 100-year storm for major highwaycrossings. Storm water design shall not impact adjacent propertiesupstream or downstream of RTD facilities. Drainage design shall considerflows from adjacent properties and shall be designed to accept historic flowsfrom upstream areas. Where stormwater flows from upstream propertiescross RTD facilities, the emergency overflow pathway through RTD facilitiesshall be evaluated and accounted for in site design. Storm sewers, culvertsand inlets shall be designed to convey the typical 5-year minor design stormevent, unless the local jurisdiction or unusual conditions require largerconveyance elements.3.4.3 Hydraulic CriteriaAll storm sewer, hydraulic structures and appurtenances shall be designed inaccordance with the design standards and technical criteria of the localjurisdiction as modified by this design manual.Stormwater shall be conveyed in a system that includes curb and gutter andstorm sewer. Stormwater flows in gutter located adjacent to designatedpedestrian walkways shall be minimized. The depth of flow in curb andgutter in the minor storm shall be a maximum of 6 inches to preventinundation and damage to landscaped areas and other adjacentimprovements.3.4.4 Storm SewerStorm sewer shall be constructed with Class III reinforced concrete pipe(RCP). Where conditions will provide inadequate cover material or excessivestructural loading is expected, the class of pipe shall be evaluated andupgraded, if required. Storm sewer crossing LRT shall be Class V RCP.Pipe material other than concrete, including polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride(PVC) or ductile iron, shall not be used without prior approval from RTD.Area drains within landscaped areas may be constructed with polyethyleneor PVC, if they do not cross beneath or drain paved areas and if they do notconnect to concrete pipe upstream.RTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 3 – Civil DesignBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 7 of 17

3.4.5 InletsType R inlets, as modified by RTD Standard Drawings, shall be used tocollect stormwater from curbed areas in accordance with local jurisdictionalrequirements. Other types of inlets, including Type 13, Type C, slottedveinedgrates and combination inlets, shall not be used without priorapproval from RTD. Inlets shall be designed to accept design flows with nomore than 6 inches of ponding over the inlet in the minor storm. The designponding depth over inlets in the major storm shall not exceed 9 inches. Inletsshall be placed in sump conditions. The use of on-grade inlets shall beavoided. In public right-of-way, published jurisdictional standards shall takeprecedence.Inlet grates in pedestrian areas shall be heel-proof and non-slip, and shallmeet all requirements of the ADAAG.Any structures that vary from agency or RTD standards, including manholes,junction boxes, inlets, vaults or other structures shall require prior approvalby RTD.3.4.6 Detention FacilitiesDetention facilities shall be provided as required by the local jurisdiction, andshall be designed in accordance with the design standards and technicalcriteria of the local jurisdiction and Urban Drainage and Flood Control District(UDFCD). Rip-rap, cobbles or other similarly rocky material used forlandscaping, erosion control or storm drainage management shall bedesigned to prevent vandalism. This may include the use of grout, top-soilcover, large or heavy stones, which preclude manual lifting or other agreedupon alternatives. RTD approval shall be obtained prior to specifying thesematerials. Detention ponding for the 10-year frequency storm shall notextend into parking or other paved areas. Detention ponding may extendinto parking areas to a depth of 9 inches in a 100-year storm event, ifallowed by the design standards and technical criteria of the localjurisdiction. Detention ponding shall not extend into designated pedestrianroutes. Underground detention shall not be used unless approved by RTDand the local jurisdiction. Detention pond outlet structures shall be designedin accordance with RTD Standard Drawings.3.4.7 Permanent Water Quality FacilitiesPermanent water quality facilities shall be provided unless the site is servedby regional water quality facilities with adequate capacity for the proposedconstruction. Water quality facilities shall be integrated into the detentionpond. Facilities shall be designed in accordance with the design standards ofthe USDCM Volume 3. They shall not be designed to have a permanent poolof water.RTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 3 – Civil DesignBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 8 of 17

Water quality facilities requiring special maintenance provisions (includingfacilities constructed with underground vaults) shall not be used unlessapproved by RTD.3.4.8 Erosion Control3.5.0 UTILITIESFacility design shall include provisions for erosion control Best ManagementPractices (BMPs) during construction. BMPs shall be designed in accordancewith the design standards and technical criteria of the local jurisdiction. Theuse of rip-rap or cobbles shall be in accordance with part 3.4.6 of thisManual. If the local jurisdiction does not specify erosion control designstandards, guidelines or criteria, then BMPs shall be used in accordance withthe USDCM Volume 3.3.5.1 Water ServiceThe size of the water service taps and meters shall be determined by thedemand for both irrigation and domestic uses on site. The cost of the waterand sewer taps and post-construction service rates shall be analyzed, andthe most economical combination of domestic and irrigation water taps, andsanitary sewer service taps shall be purchased for the site from the localutility district. In some cases, it may be more economical to purchase aseparate irrigation tap.Water service shall be provided to the Drivers Relief Station (DRS) building.The service line shall be constructed in accordance with local criteria. Iflocal criteria do not specify service line requirements, service lines shall beconstructed with ¾ inch Type K copper. If a DRS is located more than 50-feet from the water main line, the water service line shall be analyzed forhead losses using the American Water Works Association manual SizingWater Service Lines and Meters (M22). The size of the service line shall beincreased as required after the water meter without increasing the tap size.Generally facility development will not require the construction of utility mainlines. If the construction of utility mains is required, utilities main lines shallbe constructed in accordance with the standards and criteria of the localutility district. All water mains and service lines shall be buried to aminimum 4.5 foot depth. Excessive burial depths shall be avoided.Where community water service is not available to the site, a domestic wellmay be constructed. The design of water well facilities, if required, shall becoordinated with RTD on a case-by-case basis. State permitting andadjudication requirements shall be coordinated with the State Engineer’sOffice, and the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, asrequired.RTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 3 – Civil DesignBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 9 of 17

If a 1 inch or larger water tap is required for irrigation or other purposes,consideration should be given to installing a 1 inch water service line intothe DRS for the purpose of using a tank-less toilet. However, if no otherneed besides a tank-less toilet exists for a 1 inch waterline tap, a ¾ inch tapand a regular tank toilet shall be used. Utility trench backfill shall adhere tostreet compaction and materials requirements as defined by local jurisdictioncriteria.3.5.2 Sanitary SewerSanitary sewer service shall be provided to the DRS. Service lines shall beconstructed in accordance with the design standards of the local utilitydistrict. Where local criteria do not specify service line requirements, servicelines shall be constructed with 4 inch schedule 40 PVC. Service lines shallbe installed with a minimum of 4.5 feet of compacted cover below theground surface, and shall be installed at a minimum slope of 2% betweenthe DRS and the utility main line, unless topographic constraints require areduced slope and as approved by RTD.Generally, facility development will not require the construction of utilitymain lines. If utility mains are required, they shall be designed andconstructed in accordance with the local utility district standards andcriteria. Utility trench backfill shall adhere to street compaction andmaterials requirements as defined by local jurisdiction criteria.If community sanitary sewer service is not available, alternate wastedisposal facilities (self contained DRS) may be constructed. The design ofalternate facilities shall be coordinated with RTD, the Colorado Departmentof Public Health and Environment, Tri-County Health Department, localCounty Health Departments and local jurisdiction as required.3.5.3 ElectricalSite electrical service shall be constructed in accordance with Section 9 ofthis Manual. The designer shall coordinate with the electrical service providerto install any conduits or utility sleeves that may be required in order toprovide service to the site.3.5.4 Telephone and Communication ServicesThe local service provider in coordination with RTD shall provide telephoneservice at all major facilities. Smaller street stops are excluded, unlessotherwise warranted. The Design Engineer shall coordinate with the localservice provider to locate utility sleeves or conduits to provide service to thesite.A minimum of one public pay phone, as coordinated with the local serviceprovider, shall be provided. Phones shall be placed in a well lit portion of theRTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 3 – Civil DesignBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 10 of 17

passenger plaza waiting area, preferably adjacent to the main pedestrianpathways. Construction sequencing and phasing typically require thecontractor to install only the phone conduit and respective pull cord, “mule”rope or tape.Emergency telephones shall be installed as outlined in Section 12 of thisManual.Video surveillance and associated equipment, conduits, duct-banks, pullboxes and appurtenances shall be installed as outlined in Section 12 of thisManual.Communications service to the DRS shall be coordinated with the localservice provider to include a minimum 24-pair phone cable. See Section 7for DRS communications service design criteria. See Section 4 for theirrigation systems communications (remote monitoring) requirements.3.6.0 SITE FURNISHINGSSite furnishings (benches, trash receptacles, newspaper racks, etc.) shall be specified andinstalled in accordance with Section 4 of this Manual and RTD Standard Drawings. Thedesigner shall coordinate with local jurisdictions to assure that both local and RTD designcriteria are met.3.7.0 SITE LAYOUTWhile each facility project has its own unique set of design objectives and constraints andmust be looked at on a case-by-case basis, there are certain design parameters that shouldbe adhered to in order to achieve a proper design that is consistent with RTDrequirements.3.7.1 Access and CirculationBus, pedestrian and private vehicle access onto and through the site shouldbe separated. There should be at least two separate and distinct points ofprivate vehicle ingress and full movement egress that are separate from thebus and pedestrian movements. If this is not feasible, the Design Engineershall coordinate site access with RTD. The exits and entrances should belocated on different streets; however, if site conditions require that they belocated on the same street, refer to the local jurisdictions design standardsfor the minimum separation and further coordinate with RTD. Circulationaisles shall be considered for park-n-Rides (pnRs) in excess of 200 spacesand should be located at the periphery of the parking area to minimizepedestrian and vehicle conflicts. One-way circulation or parking aisles arediscouraged.RTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 3 – Civil DesignBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 11 of 17

3.7.2 GradingLocal topography shall influence the grading of a site. To ensurefunctionality of the site, the following grading parameters shall apply. A 1.5to 2.0% grade is the most desirable for bus lanes. The allowable grade forparking stalls, circulation and access aisles shall be 1.0% (min.) and 5.0%(max.) Mountainous terrain grades for circulation aisles may utilize amaximum 8% grade. Bus access grades shall not exceed 4%. The parkingstalls and access aisles for ADA accessible parking shall not exceed a 2%grade.Horizontal and vertical control and grading shall be shown, measured anddesigned to curb and gutter flow lines rather than to the top back of curb orany other design feature. Spot elevations shall be shown at all significantsurface locations such as plaza areas, walkways, stairs, curb returns, drivecuts, surface drainage features, exposed pipe inverts, swales, pans, gutters,structural elements, finished floor, top and bottom of walls, slopes, and alllocations that are designed with minimum or maximum grades, major orminor elevation changes, and areas that are crowded with many graphicelements, numerous lines, tight contours and a variety of functionalfeatures.All travel way (pedestrian or vehicular) slopes shall include gradient percentsshown on the drawings. All non-travel way natural, landscaped, cut, fill orexisting slopes shall include horizontal to vertical (H:V) grade ratios shownon the drawings. Both travel and non-travel slopes shall include directionalarrows showing “+” (up-slopes) and “--“ (down-slopes) relative tostationing, as applicable. Emphasis shall be placed on all access locations,curb returns, drive lanes, walkways, bike-ped paths, ramps, landscapedareas, drainage swales, side-slopes, ridges and all features with grades thatare less than or greater than the limits of 1% to 3%.In general, grading for landscape areas should not exceed a slope of 3:1(H:V) and shall be used only to minimize retaining walls or to maximizeadjacent non-landscaped areas. The preferred maximum cut, fill, natural orlandscaped slope is 4:1 (H:V). See Section 4, Urban Design andArchitectural Elements, for additional criteria about grading in landscapeareas.Parking aisles should be aligned parallel to the primary direction of pedestrianflow. When the topography of the land or site conditions require grades inthe facility to exceed 3%, consideration should be given to aligning parkingstalls perpendicular to the grade of the lot.Passenger boarding zones are defined as the area directly adjacent to thebus bay where passengers queue for buses. Passenger boarding zones shallbe located on a defined accessible route of travel, which should be theshortest possible route to the ADA accessible parking spaces. The gradesRTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 3 – Civil DesignBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 12 of 17

within the passenger boarding zones and the ADA accessible parking spacesshould have a minimum slope of 1.0% and may not exceed 2.0% in anydirection. Accessible routes shall include ramps and handrails as required byADA and ADAAG.Passenger boarding zones are usually located adjacent to plaza areas, whichare relatively broad areas that accommodate pedestrian pass thru andpassenger waiting sites, often with shelters. Plaza areas shall be relativelyflat and, excluding the passenger boarding zones, shall not exceed a 1.0%minimum and 2.0% maximum allowable grade in any direction. A pnR designshould have grades that do not exceed 2.0% in any direction for thepassenger boarding zones, plaza areas and the defined accessible route oftravel. The grades of the bus bay, the adjacent passenger boarding zonesand plaza areas need to be reviewed in conjunction with each other toassure that a situation has not been created that interferes with use of thewheel chair lifts on the buses. The walking distance from the plaza area tothe most distant parking stall should not exceed 1000 feet and shall notexceed 1500 feet without RTD approval.3.7.3 IslandsA raised island, typically 10 feet (may be reduced if other constraintsprevail) wide (FL to FL), should be placed at the ends of each parking row toprovide adequate sight distance, aesthetic appearance and meetjurisdictional requirements. The use of painted islands in lieu of a raisedisland with curb and gutter is discouraged and requires RTD approval.However, if a painted island is used, the width should not exceed 4 feet inorder to discourage its use as a parking space.3.7.4 Parking StallsStandard parking stall dimensions are 9 feet wide by 18 feet deep. RTD doesnot normally use compact parking stalls at surface lots, however if siteconstraints require reduce depths, and the parking spaces are adjacent andperpendicular to a curb, and sufficient depth is available behind the curb, thestall depth can be reduced by 2 feet to 16 feet. If this configuration is used,a 2 foot paved platform behind the curb shall be included to lessenlandscape maintenance restrictions. The curb head height for a 16 feet deepparking stall shall not exceed 6 inches. Reduced depth parking stalls areonly allowable when permitted by the local jurisdiction and approved byRTD.Parking stall widths may be reduced to 8.5 feet within a parking structureand shall include double striping. The length of parking stalls within astructure shall be 18 feet. Double striping shall include two 4 inch widestripes placed 12” on center on both sides. Standard striping may be usedwithin parking structures with approval from RTD.RTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 3 – Civil DesignBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 13 of 17

See Section 5 for bicycle parking criteria.3.7.5 ADA Accessible ParkingADA accessible parking and access shall conform to the ADAAG.3.7.6 Motorcycle ParkingThe number of spaces that should be dedicated for motorcycle parking isunique to each location and shall be determined by demographics and thesize of the facility. During conceptual design, a ratio of motorcycle parkingto automobile parking shall be 1 to 50 respectively.See the RTD Standard Drawings for the layout of motorcycle parking.Motorcycle parking can damage asphalt pavement, therefore concretepavement shall be used for motorcycle parking spaces.3.7.7 Kiss-n-Ride (short-term parking)The use of kiss-n-rides should be considered for all pnR facilities. Theirparking stalls should face and be located near bus loading zones or railplatforms. Locate kiss-n-ride parking stalls near the ADA parking area. Thenumber of kiss-n-ride spaces is unique to each location, as determined byarea demographics and ridership and will be as directed by RTD.Signage indicating that the stall shall be used only as a kiss-n-Ride or a signlimiting the time, typically 15 minutes should be used.3.7.8 Bus Bays and Saw Tooth GeometryThe standard parallel dimensions for bus loading bays are nominally 12 feetby 50 feet for 45 feet long buses, and 12 feet by 70 feet for an articulatedbus. The standard access taper is 7:1, and egress taper is 4:1. Refer to RTDStandard Drawings for additional geometric layout information.RTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 3 – Civil DesignBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 14 of 17

3.7.9 Internal Lane and Aisle CriteriaOrthogonal parking is the preferred geometry for stalls, curbs and circulationlanes.As required by limited space, angled (e.g. 45 degrees) parking will beconsidered on a case-by-case basis in coordination with RTD during theconcept design phase. When angled parking is used, aisle direction andwidth shall be one-way and 15 feet (for 45 degree parking), respectively.The following acceptable and desirable drive lane widths and curb return FLradii shall apply to two-way drive lanes/aisles:• Parking Aisleo width – 24 feet minimumo radius – 2 feet minimum, 5 feet desirable• Circulation Aisleo width – 24 feet minimum, 30 feet desirableo radius – 15 feet minimum• Bus laneo width – 30 feet minimumo radius – 35 feet minimumo Turn lane – 30 feet minimum (inner)o Turn lane – 55 feet minimum (outer)o Turnaround – 65 feet minimum (outer)3.7.10 Plaza LayoutThe layout of the plaza areas shall be coordinated with local jurisdictions toassure that both local and RTD design criteria are met. Refer to Section 4,Urban Design, Architectural Landscape Elements.3.8.0 ACCESSIBILITY STANDARDSSpecific attention shall be given to the most recent version of the Americans withDisabilities Act (ADA), the ADA Accessibility Guidelines for Building and Facilities(ADAAG), the ADA Accessibility Guidelines for Transportation Vehicles and to anysupplements that may be issued. Their applicability is noted in several sections of thisManual where apparent or appropriate significance apply. ADA adherence is required forall areas of this Manual, regardless of explicit, implied or lack of reference herein.RTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 3 – Civil DesignBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 15 of 17

3.9.0 ROADWAY IMPROVEMENTS3.9.1 GeneralBased on the requirements of the local jurisdictional authority or site trafficanalysis findings, adjacent street improvements shall be designed toaccommodate additional traffic accessing proposed bus transit facilities.Such improvements may include turn lanes or a traffic signal, for example.Since these improvements are most likely to be on public right of way, theyshall be designed in close coordination with the local jurisdiction.3.9.2 Street ImprovementsUnless otherwise specified, all road and street design shall be in accordancewith the current specifications and design guidelines of the localjurisdictions. For those cases where the local jurisdictions have no designguidelines, the most current versions of the Colorado Department ofTransportation (CDOT) Design Guide, and/or the Policy on Geometric Designof Highways and Streets by the American Association of State Highway andTransportation Officials (AASHTO) shall be used and coordinated with RTDdesign staff.3.9.3 Traffic Signals and Control DevicesTraffic signals and control devices shall be designed in accordance with localjurisdiction criteria and the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices(MUTCD). The design shall be based on a traffic study and coordinated withthe local jurisdiction to ensure compatibility with adjacent traffic signals andtraffic patterns. The power source for the signal shall be coordinated withthe local utility provider and jurisdiction. When possible, existing easementsshould be utilized for location of the power service. New easements shouldbe avoided where feasible.3.10.0 SNOW STORAGE AREASThe Design Engineer shall consider snow removal procedures, maneuvering requirements,and storage for walkways, plazas, roads, drives and parking lots. Designated snowstorage areas shall be provided at all RTD bus transit facilities and shall be located withinor directly adjacent to areas requiring snow removal. Snow storage areas shall be sized toequal 10% of the areas requiring snow removal, which is based on a design storm of 6inches and a pile height of 5 feet, excluding consolidation of snow. For larger storms,snow storage will be coordinated with RTD.Snow storage areas shall be located down gradient and in the vicinity of storm watercollection and conveyance features such as curb and gutter, inlets, curb cuts, swales,detention ponds and broad grassy landscaped areas. Locate storage areas to protectstructures, roadways, parking lots, walkways or plazas from snow melt runoff. TheRTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 3 – Civil DesignBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 16 of 17

Design Engineer shall coordinate the location of snow storage areas with landscapingdesign so that landscaping is not damaged during snow removal and storage.Designated snow storage areas shall not impact parking, bus bays, pedestrian traffic orvehicular circulation. Parking areas for snow storage shall be considered on a case bycase basis and used only upon receiving written RTD approval.RTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 3 – Civil DesignBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 17 of 17

SECTION 4 – URBAN AND LANDSCAPE DESIGN ELEMENTS4.1.0 GENERAL...................................................................................................... 24.2.0 LANDSCAPING.............................................................................................. 24.2.1 Landscaping Requirement and Ordinances ...................................................... 24.2.2 Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design ............................................. 24.2.3 Xeriscape Principals ..................................................................................... 24.2.4 Standard Landscape Elements ....................................................................... 44.2.5 Standard List of Landscape Plant Material....................................................... 44.2.3 Turf and Native Grasses ............................................................................... 94.2.4 Maintenance Standards ................................................................................ 94.3.0 IRRIGATION.............................................................................................. 104.3.1 Standard Irrigation Components .................................................................. 104.3.2 Remote Control Equipment ......................................................................... 114.3.3 Watering Restrictions and Watering Requirements ......................................... 114.3.4 Maintenance Standards .............................................................................. 114.4.0 SHELTERS................................................................................................ 124.4.1 Standard Shelter Design ............................................................................. 124.4.2 Custom Shelter Design............................................................................... 124.5.0 FURNITURE AND FIXTURES .......................................................................... 124.5.1 General .................................................................................................... 124.5.2 Benches ................................................................................................... 124.5.3 Trash Receptacles ..................................................................................... 134.5.4 Public Telephones...................................................................................... 134.5.5 Newspaper Racks ...................................................................................... 134.5.6 Food Vending Machines ............................................................................. 144.5.7 Bike Lockers and Racks .............................................................................. 144.6.0 HARDSCAPE............................................................................................. 144.6.1 Design Objective ....................................................................................... 144.6.2 Access to Pedestrian Areas ........................................................................ 144.7.0 ART-N-TRANSIT........................................................................................ 154.7.1 Art Selection Process................................................................................. 15RTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 4 - Urban and Landscape Design ElementsBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 1 of 16

4.1.0 GENERALSECTION 4 – URBAN AND LANDSCAPE DESIGN ELEMENTSThis Design Criteria establishes the minimum standards to be used in the design of RTDbus transit facilities. This section is intended to direct the Design Engineer in the design ofurban design elements at all RTD bus transit facilities.4.2.0 LANDSCAPING4.2.1 Landscaping Requirement and OrdinancesMost governing agencies within the Regional Transportation District havelandscape requirements or ordinances that dictate the amount and type oflandscaping to be accomplished on a particular site. Each jurisdiction has itsown requirements, however, all require live plant material be used in thefacility design. Landscaping of facilities is desirable for aesthetic as well asecological reasons and should consist of plantings that will be compatiblewith the operation of the facility. Generally trees will be placed on plazaareas and not on adjacent station platforms. The placement of trees in treegrates is discouraged due to the difficulty of maintaining these plants over along period of time. Trees and shrubs in plaza areas shall be installed inplanting beds. An area with a well maintained landscape is perceived asbeing safer than those which are bare of vegetation. Plants are to be usedfor screening neighboring land uses and to enhance the appearance and feelof the facilities. Trees planted in hardscape plaza or pedestrian areas shouldbe installed in planters in lieu of tree grates wherever possible. Planter areasshould include a raised curb to reduce the amount of snow melting agentsbeing pushed into planting areas.Landscape area slopes that are planted with sod or seed shall not exceed a3:1 (H:V) gradient so that safe, convenient and efficient mowing and othermaintenance operations can occur. The preferred slope is 4:1 (H:V) orflatter if not controlled by limited area or other site constraints.4.2.2 Crime Prevention Through Environmental DesignThe design shall incorporate Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design(CPTED) strategies to the entire design. Refer to Section 12.12.0 for CPTEDguidelines.4.2.3 Xeriscape PrincipalsPlanning and DesignPlanning and design of the site is critical to identify watering zonerequirements and to determine soil types as well as to identify whichlocations are the most extreme for plant survival. Parking facilities areRTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 4 - Urban and Landscape Design ElementsBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 2 of 16

particularly difficult as the plants are primarily installed in locations that aresurrounded by reflective hard surfaces, steep slopes or along roadwayswhere exhaust fumes are a constant.Soil ImprovementProper soil preparation is the key to successful water conservation. If thesoil is sandy, water and nutrients will be lost due to leaching below the rootzone. If the soil is heavy clay, water will be lost through runoff. Heavy claysoils tend to repel surface water resulting in runoff. The water that does getinto these soils is held so tightly by the clay itself that plants cannot use it.Plants in a clay soil, even though moist often tend to wilt from lack ofmoisture. Plant roots also need air to thrive. In clay soils, air spaces aresmall and may fill with water, so plants suffer from oxygen starvation.In very sandy soils, the opposite is true. Sandy soils have very large porespaces. Because the particles are large, there is little surface area to hold thewater, so sandy soils tend to lose water rapidly.Efficient IrrigationProper irrigation practices can lead to significant water savings. Differentplant types should be watered with different irrigation zones. The systemneeds to be designed to fit the landscape, minimizing overlap onto streets,sidewalks and parking areas. Plant types need to be installed in zones thathave similar water needs. This will optimize the irrigation system, savingsignificant amounts of water. Drip zones are to be used in locations that areshrubs and trees only.Zoning of PlantsPlants of similar water use requirements need to be grouped together to takeadvantage of water savings. Selecting plants that will do well depending onthe site exposure is also important. The use of the most water conservingplants on south and western slopes and those that require more moisturecan be placed close to drainage ways and low lying areas. Grouping plantsappropriately will minimize water waste.MulchesMulching helps keep plant roots cool, prevents soil from crusting, minimizesevaporation and reduces weed growth. Organic mulches such as shreddedcedar should be placed 4 inch thick. Inorganic mulches andlandscape/geotextile fabrics are generally not used at RTD facilities.RTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 4 - Urban and Landscape Design ElementsBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 3 of 16

Turf AlternativesRTD encourages the use of alternative turf grasses to reduce the amount ofwater needed to keep an area looking attractive and green. A variety ofsuccess has been achieved with warm season buffalo grass, grammagrasses and cool season fescue and hybrid bluegrass blends.Appropriate MaintenanceRegular scheduled maintenance is a requirement of all contractors doingwork for RTD. The first two years is a specification requirement for warrantyand maintenance of the landscape components of the facility. Themaintenance plan shall include regular weeding, pruning, watermanagement, fertilizing, pest control, irrigation system maintenance andplant replacement.4.2.4 Standard Landscape ElementsThe standard landscape elements to be included in pnR and station designinclude trees, shrubs, groundcovers, perennials, grasses, mulch, decorativelandscape boulders, patterned concrete, decorative pavers, site amenities,planters, irrigation systems and pedestrian shelters. These elements shallcorrespond to local requirements and meet local jurisdiction requirements.4.2.5 Standard List of Landscape Plant MaterialThe following is a list of acceptable landscape plant material for RTD bustransit facilities. Trees with fruit or pods are not allowed at pnRs orpassenger boarding locations.Plant ListLow Water Use TreesTartarian MapleBigtooth MapleWestern HackberryCurlleaf Mountain MahoganyGreen AshThornless HoneylocustOne Seed JuniperRocky Mountain JuniperGolden RaintreeBristlecone PineLimber PinePonderosa PineSouthwestern White PinePlains CottonwoodAmerican PlumBurr OakBuffaloberryJapanese Pagoda TreeLilac Sp.Wayfaring TreeRTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 4 - Urban and Landscape Design ElementsBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 4 of 16

Pinion PineRussian HawthornLow Water Use ShrubsSaskatoon Utah ServiceBerryIndigo BushCliffroseSilverberryNew Mexico PrivetMugo PineSumac SpRose Sp.BuffaloberryFourwing SaltbushPygmy PeashrubBuckbrushBladder SennaMormon TeaSnakeweedRussian SageAntelope BitterbrushSilver SagebrushCotoneasterNannyberry ViburnumSwamp White OakSiberian PeashrubMountain MahoganyMoonlight BroomCliff FendlerbushSea BuckthornSand CherryYellow Flowering CurrantTall Western SageLeadplantJapanese BarberryBluemist SpireaRabbitbrushSpanish Gold BroomApache PlumeRed YuccaPotentilla Sp.Current Sp.Shrubby SageLena BroomLow Water Use Perennials, Grasses and groundcoversSan VerbenaPersian StonecressAtlas DaisySageFalse IndigoFendler’s SundropsVirgin’s Bower ClematisIce PlantMock StrawberryAlpine WallflowerWooly YarrowSunset HyssopPearly EverlastingButterfly WeedPoppy MallowSnow-in-summerCoreopsisHardy Ice PlantShowy FleabanePoppyRTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 4 - Urban and Landscape Design ElementsBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 5 of 16

WintercreeperCushion SpurgeAvensSunroseDaylily Sp.Iris Sp.LavenderFlax Sp.Evening PrimroseRussian SagePurple ConeflowerSilver Lace VineCreeping PotentillaPrairie ConeflowerSalviaDwarf Pincushion FlowerThymeSpeedwellBig Bluestem GrassBlue Avena GrassIndian Rice GrassBlood GrassFeather Reed GrassHeavy Metal Switch GrassPurple Maiden GrassPampas GrassNorthern Sea OatsModerate Water Use TreesOhio BuckeyeThinleaf AlderPyramidal European HornbeamHawthorn Sp.HoneylocustSnow-on-the-MountainBlanket FlowerBaby’s BreathMaximilian SunflowerScarlet GiliaRed Hot PokerGayfeatherBee BalmVirginia CreeperHimalayan Border JewelCreeping PhloxFleeceflowerCreeping ButtercupBlack-eyed SusanStonecropHens and ChicksNative VerbenaCreeping VeronicaLittle Bluestem GrassBlue FescueMexican Feather GrassBlue LymeHardy Fountain GrassMaiden GrassVariegated Maiden GrassRibbon GrassZebra GrassMaple Sp.ServiceberryPeking CotoneasterAmerican AshSpruce Sp.RTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 4 - Urban and Landscape Design ElementsBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 6 of 16

Lodgepole PineCottonwood Sp.Pear Sp.PagodatreeGreenspire LindenCrabapplesNorway Columnar MapleModerate Water Use ShrubsGinnala MapleShadblow ServiceberryButterfly BushSmokebushEuonymous Sp.PrivetOregon Grape HollyPyracanthaFalse SpireaCranberry ViburnumArnold Dwarf ForsythiaLodense PrivetCoralberryDwarf Cranberrybush ViburnumScotch PineDouglas FirEnglish/Red/White OakJapanese Tree LilacBlackhaw ViburnumEmerald Queen MapleThin Leaf AlderBarberryQuinceCotoneasterBeauty BushHoneysuckle ‘tartarica’Ninebark Sp.BuckthornWeigelaCarol Makie DaphneComp. Oregon Grape HollySnowberrySpireaHibiscus, Disco BelleModerate Water Use Perennials, Grasses and GroundcoversBishop’s WeedBugle WeedMountain Basket of GoldGolden MargueriteRockcressAsterMiniature Mat DaisySnowbank BoltoniaTrumpet VineCupids DartLebanon StonecressLady’s MantleWindflowerColumbineSea PinksBasket of GoldBergeniaFalse Forget-me-notPigmy PeashrubHardy Bachelor ButtonRTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 4 - Urban and Landscape Design ElementsBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 7 of 16

Daisy/MumLarkspurPinks,Carnation,Sweet WilliamsSweet WoodruffHardy GazaniaAvensDwarf GlobulariaCoral BellsHop VineShrub MallowSea LavenderLupineBoston IvyThymeSalviaVariegated Moor GrassGazaniaMoneywortHigh Water Use TreesWhite FirBlack AlderRedbudPagoda DogwoodVanderwolf Limber PinePin OakRedmond LindenHigh Water Use ShrubsChokecherryDogwood Sp.ElderKelsey DogwoodWhite PineSilver Creeping WillowColewortRose Pink DaisyConeflowerWhirling ButterfliesCranesbillGround IvyEnglish IvyPlantain LilyIris Sp.Hardy LilyHoneysuckle VinePoppyHimalayan Border JewelPeriwinkleJapanese Blood GrassRibbon GrassFalse SpireaHorse ChestnutAmerican HornbeamFringe TreeSpruceAspenWillowGreenspire LindenGreenleaf BarberryBlue Fountain WillowDoublefile ViburnumTwinberry HoneysuckleDwarf Arctic WillowRTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 4 - Urban and Landscape Design ElementsBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 8 of 16

High Water Use Perennials, Grasses and GroundcoverLeatherleaf SedgeClematisJapanese SpurgeBethlehem SageYellow/Blue-Eyed GrassTufted HairgrassPrairie Cord GrassLigulariaMonkshoodCreeping Oregon Grape Holly4.2.3 Turf and Native GrassesWhite BottlebrushCoral BellsPrimroseButtercupsGold GlobeflowerBamboo Yellow GrooveAnnual Pink Crystals GrassHostasMeadow RueLupineThere are a number of varieties of turf grasses currently on the market asalternatives to a standard bluegrass blend. Even though bluegrass is a fairlyhardy species, a few of the newer varieties can provide the look of bluegrasswithout the water requirements.Natural grass species can also be used in many areas in lieu of bluegrass,however, many counties, municipalities and special districts are nowrequiring that all areas on a site be irrigated and maintained to establish anacceptable ground cover. This is to minimize the amount of weeds allowedto flourish on a site in lieu of grasses in accordance with local ordinancesand the Colorado Noxious Weed Act.4.2.4 Maintenance StandardsLandscape maintenance tasks are the recurring procedures and dutiesrequired to ensure a viable, functional and attractive RTD facilityenvironment. Landscape maintenance methods are the standards andpractices of the landscape industry used to accomplish these tasks.Standard maintenance activities include aeration, fertilization, mowing,trimming, watering and pest and weed control for turf and native grassareas. Generally grasses should never have more than one third the bladelength removed during one mowing. Maintaining a turf grass length of 2½-3inches is the most desirable. Grass fertilization should be accomplished byapplying 0.5-1 lb of nitrogen 2-3 times per year per 1000 square feet ofturf-type grass. Approximately half that amount is needed on some native ornatural grasses. Fertilizer application should follow the maintenance programestablished for each location.RTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 4 - Urban and Landscape Design ElementsBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 9 of 16

4.3.0 IRRIGATIONTree, shrub and perennial areas include weed, pest control, regular mulchapplication and fertilization. Occasional pruning of dead or dying branches orto encourage a natural shape and appearance is required. (A separateLandscape Management Plan is to serve as a more detailed guide formaintenance of RTD sites).4.3.1 Standard Irrigation ComponentsThe following is a list of acceptable irrigation system components to be usedat RTD bus transit facilities:Irrigation Heads:• Rainbird 1800 series pop-up spray heads• Hunter PGP, PGJ or I-25 Rotor heads• Rainbird BubblerDrip Emitters:• Rainbird Xeribug• Agrifim emitters• Netafim drip line for turf• Rainbird dripline for shrubs and perennialsController:• Rainbird ESP-MC or Rain Master Eagle with I-Central card Controller• Stainless Steel Pedestal or Wall Mount Enclosures for outdoorController Installation• Master Valve (size to match mainline)• Flow Sensor (size to match mainline)• Rainbird wireless Mini Click rain/freeze sensorValves:• Rainbird GB valves for spray and Rotor zones• Rainbird DV valves for drip or bubbler zones• Rainbird EFB-CP Series for Dirty water applications• Ametek or Carson Valve boxes• Strongbox enclosure for Backflow Preventer• Febco 825Y Reduced Pressure Backflow Preventer• Rainbird 44RC Quick Coupler Valve• Flow Sensor and Rainbird Flow MonitorRTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 4 - Urban and Landscape Design ElementsBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 10 of 16

Pipe:• Class 200 PVC for mainline• Schedule 40 PVC connections• NSF Polyethylene pipe with 70 psi rating for laterals• UV resistant polyethylene pipe with 50 psi rating for capillary driptubingRemote Control:• Eicon Standard or Remote Ready MRC maintenance controls4.3.2 Remote Control EquipmentThe Rain Master Eagle with I-Central card controller, removable backboard,terminal interface board, Eicon remote connections for field remotes and 120volt receptacle or approved equal. Flow control valve normally open and flowsensor with rain sensor. Field remotes shall be the Eicon Standard or RemoteReady MRC or approved equal.4.3.3 Watering Restrictions and Watering RequirementsIrrigation Systems shall be designed and installed to accommodate variouslocal agencies watering restrictions and include a rain sensor to turn systemsoff during rain storms.4.3.4 Maintenance StandardsStandard maintenance practices for the facility irrigation systems shallinclude a two year commitment from the installer for regular bi-monthlyirrigation checks and adjustments following initial acceptance of the system.A water management program is intended to maximize plant health, keepwater bills as low as possible, minimize water damage to hardscape areasand property and limit over watering and water run off.Bi-monthly maintenance shall include the adjustment of heads and wateringtimes depending upon local weather conditions and soil moisture levels. Eachzone valve shall be checked for leaks and operation efficiency. The entiresystem shall be activated in the spring and deactivated in the fall. Fallwinterization procedure shall include the elimination of water in the systemby means of blowing compressed air through each zone.An irrigation-scheduling chart shall be provided by the Contractor and keptwith the controller along with a site plan showing the zone numbers andlocations. The chart and plan shall be legible and laminated. Scheduling ofirrigation zones should be based upon an average application of 1.5 inchesper week for turf grasses, 1.0 inch per week for trees, shrubs andgroundcovers and 0.5 - 0.75 inches per week for native and natural grasses.RTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 4 - Urban and Landscape Design ElementsBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 11 of 16

4.4.0 SHELTERSThese are the amounts that should be maintained during the peak of theseason. A lower percentage is recommended for early spring and falldepending on local weather conditions and soil moisture content.4.4.1 Standard Shelter DesignThe RTD Standard Shelter shall be Tolar – RTD Denver Model, Option 1(open front), or as specified by RTD. The shelter is a modular design toallow for different combinations of wall panels. Standard Shelters includeglass panels on the top portion of the enclosure and perforated steel panelson the bottom portion. Footings or foundations for the shelters varydepending on location, soil conditions and the final design, and shall bedesigned by a Professional Engineer on a site specific basis. Shelter concretepads are typically 6 inch thick.4.4.2 Custom Shelter DesignCustom shelter designs are often requested by local agencies to betterintegrate the pnR facility with the neighborhood or provide identity for thelocal agency. RTD will consider the design and construction of customshelters on a case by case basis and require that the local agency participatein the additional financial commitment necessary to install these customshelters.Custom shelters must meet all RTD criteria including safety and securityrequirements.4.5.0 FURNITURE AND FIXTURES4.5.1 GeneralRTD standard shelters, benches, newspaper racks and trash receptaclesshall all be color RAL 6009. Alternative colors may be permitted withapproval from RTD.4.5.2 BenchesBenches at bus and rail facilities shall be Victor Stanley (RB-28 or RB-12 –backless) with a powder coated finish or approved equal. Benches shall havefully welded joints throughout. Total number of benches included at a stationor pnR location is a factor of total number of patrons at a location. Generallyone 6 foot bench per 50 pnR patrons is required. Most transit users tend toarrive a few minutes before their bus or train is scheduled to leave and willnot dwell in an area for long periods of time, thereby reducing the need forlarge numbers of seating locations.RTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 4 - Urban and Landscape Design ElementsBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 12 of 16

All benches shall include anti-sleep rails that prevent a person from lyingdown on the bench.4.5.3 Trash ReceptaclesTrash receptacles are an inexpensive way to control litter at the pnR andstation facilities. The trash receptacle shall be Victor Stanley (SD-42) with apowder coated finish, dome lid and latch door, or approved equal. Trashreceptacles shall have fully welded joints throughout.The number of trash receptacles shall be no less than two and no more thanfifteen. The final amount will depend upon overall site design andconfiguration of newspaper, ticket and vending machine and waiting areas.No trash receptacles will be located within designated parking areas.The location of trash receptacles shall meet the security requirements insubsection 12.15 of this Manual, which require they shall not be placedwithin 250 feet of a station, station area or patron gathering area for outsidelocations. Explosion resistant receptacles may be placed within 250 feet ofa station, station area or patron gathering area. The Design Engineer shallcoordinate with RTD for specifications for explosion resistant receptacles.4.5.4 Public TelephonesAt least one public telephone shall be provided at each bus transit facility,pnR or station location for convenience and safety. Total number of phonesat each location will depend on number of patrons at each location. Aminimum of one phone, plus one additional phone per 200 cars shall beinstalled. Location of public telephones shall be in close proximity to thedesignated parking areas and bus plaza areas. Public telephones aregenerally located in designated public information space that may includeticket vending machines, newspaper racks, system maps and informationkiosks.4.5.5 Newspaper RacksNewspaper rack systems shall be provided for vendor use at each bus transitfacility. These are installed to limit the number, types and colors of individualpaper vending machines located at any one facility, and shall provide a neatand orderly appearance. The rack systems can be installed in groups of 6 ormore to accommodate the number of vendors interested in providing aservice. The color chosen for each location depends on the overall sitedesign and location of the racks.The location of newspaper rack systems shall meet the securityrequirements in subsection 12.15 of this Manual, which require that theyshall not be placed within 250 feet of a station, station area or patrongathering area for outside locations.RTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 4 - Urban and Landscape Design ElementsBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 13 of 16

4.5.6 Food Vending MachinesGenerally food vending machines are not included at RTD facilities. Insituations where they are included, a special area shall be established withthe proper electrical service, trash receptacles, access and cover.4.5.7 Bike Lockers and RacksSee Section 5.4.6.0 HARDSCAPE4.6.1 Design ObjectiveThe design objective of hardscape features at bus transit facilities shall be todevelop elements for each location (some may be unique to the area) thatprovide a functional, aesthetically pleasing and maintainable site. Eachelement within the hardscape portion of the design shall be constructed ofdurable materials.4.6.2 Access to Pedestrian AreasAccess to pedestrian plazas shall meet the requirements of ADA criteria(ADAAG), ANSI 117.1 or more restrictive requirements as determined bylocal, state or federal laws or codes.RTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 4 - Urban and Landscape Design ElementsBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 14 of 16

4.7.0 ART-N-TRANSIT4.7.1 Art Selection ProcessArt selection shall be based on available space and budget and shall beapproved by RTD’s art-n-Transit coordinator. Functional art proposed aspart of the initial construction shall use materials and design that areacceptable to RTD, durable and easily maintained.Art-n-Transit is encouraged as an integral part of the site and to provide aunique identity.“Hand Up” by Scott Donohue at Alameda LRT Station“Bookmark” by Donna Billick @ Colfax & AurariaRTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 4 - Urban and Landscape Design ElementsBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 15 of 16

Art-n-Transit is a safety certifiable item under RTD’s Safety CertificationProgram (refer to Section 12). As such, art-n-transit design and placementshall be approved by RTD’s Executive Safety and Security Committee.RTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 4 - Urban and Landscape Design ElementsBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 16 of 16

SECTION 5 – BICYCLE FACILITIES5.1.0 GENERAL....................................................................................................... 25.2.0 BICYCLE PARKING.......................................................................................... 25.2.1 Bike Racks ........................................................................................... 25.2.2 Bike Lockers......................................................................................... 25.2.3 Bike Corrals and Bikestations.................................................................. 35.2.4 Selecting Type and Quantity of Bike Parking............................................. 35.3.0 BIKEWAYS .................................................................................................... 45.3.1 Bikeway Connections ............................................................................ 45.3.2 Bicycle/Pedestrian Bridges...................................................................... 55.3.3 Bikeway Signage................................................................................... 5RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 5 - Bicycle FacilitiesBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 1 of 5

SECTION 5 – BICYCLE FACILITIES5.1.0 GENERALThis Design Criteria establishes the minimum standards to be used in the design of RTDbus transit facilities. This section is intended to direct the Design Engineer in the design ofbicycle facilities at all RTD bus transit facilities.All bike lanes, including those in public roads, should be designed in compliance withAASHTO and MUTCD requirements.5.2.0 BICYCLE PARKINGBicycle parking shall be provided based upon the guidelines presented below for initialconstruction, but consideration should be given to potential future expansions orreductions of the bike facilities in case demand warrants.5.2.1 Bike RacksBicycle racks shall be placed near bus loading areas. The preferred type ofbicycle racks to be used is “inverted-U” or “hoop” racks, as shown in RTDStandard Drawings. These racks are efficient for RTD use because they canbe installed individually or in rows, as appropriate for different sites.Bike racks shall be located as close to passenger loading areas as possiblewithout interfering with passenger or vehicle movement. Bike parking is lesslikely to be used if it is not conveniently located. Additionally, racks that arenot situated in a visible location are more prone to theft. When bike racksare not located in close proximity to passenger loading areas, they should beplaced in a well lit location.5.2.2 Bike LockersBike lockers shall be placed off the main plaza and bus loading area, whilestill being conveniently located. Like bike racks, bike lockers should belocated close enough to passenger loading areas to facilitate use. Ideallythis location would be no further than the closest non-ADA parking space,as well as be a well lit location, near moderate to high patron activity zonesin order to increase the perception of a safe locker area and increase thesense of security of the user and their equipment. However the location ofbike lockers (and other publicly accessible receptacles) shall meet thesecurity requirements in subsection 12.15 of this Manual, which require theyshall not be placed within 250 feet of a station, station area or patrongathering area for outside locations. Bike lockers may be placed within 250feet of a station, station area or patron gathering area with written approvalfrom RTD.The preferred type of bike lockers for RTD facilities is a fiber-reinforcedpolymer (FRP) composite enclosure with an open base. The preferredRTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 5 - Bicycle FacilitiesBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 2 of 5

configuration for the lockers is a single rectangular unit that contains twotriangular bays, each accessed from one end of the rectangular box. SeeRTD Standard Drawings for sample bike locker installation.A minimum of 6 feet around the perimeter of bike lockers shall bemaintained for user access and for snow removal equipment. If the lockercannot be secured to a concrete pad, a fiberglass composite locker floorshall be specified.5.2.3 Bike Corrals and BikestationsAt sites with high bike traffic, with direction from RTD, a bike corral orbikestation shall be provided to accommodate the large number of bikes in amore attractive manner than expansive groups of racks and lockers.5.2.3.1 Bike CorralsBike Corrals are sheltered and secured enclosures that canaccommodate a large number of bikes efficiently. Riders cansecure their bikes with individual locks, for added security, withinthe corral, which is designed to include a self-controlled accessequipped with a smart-card or card-key locking mechanism. Bikecorrals can be built to any specification, but generally take theform of an unused storage room or a fenced enclosure.The size, location and design of any proposed bike corral will besite specific and shall be determined in conjunction with the RTDPlanning and Development Department.5.2.3.2 BikestationsBikestations are bike corrals that are staffed by parking attendantsand offer other services and amenities. For example, a bikestationcould provide transit passengers access to bike parking as well asbike repairs, bike rentals, bike accessories, transit pass sales,restrooms, changing stalls and a snack bar or café.The size, location and design of any proposed bikestation will besite specific and shall be determined in conjunction with the RTDPlanning and Development Department.5.2.4 Selecting Type and Quantity of Bike ParkingThere is no commonly accepted equation or model to establish the quantityor type of bike parking demand at bus transit facilities. Some factors thatcontribute to the demand are the level of transit service, surrounding landuse, population demographics and proximity to bikeway facilities. Generaltrends indicate that higher density areas have increased bicycle use.Similarly, younger populations (especially student populations) and lowerRTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 5 - Bicycle FacilitiesBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 3 of 5

income populations have a higher bike parking demand. Bus transit facilitiesin urbanized areas typically have higher bike parking demand than insuburban or rural areas. Communities that contain established bikewaysoften have increased bike parking demand. Facilities that serve multipleroutes or routes with higher frequencies tend to have higher bike parkingneeds.Table 5A provides general guidelines for bike parking based upon the size ofthe facility. These guidelines will be adjusted for a proposed site per theabove-stated factors based upon the site and surrounding area.TABLE 5A – BIKE PARKING GUIDELINES BY TYPE OF FACILITYType of Facility U Racks Bike Lockers(# doors)Bike Corral/BikestationBus stop served byfrequent bus serviceSatellite bus park-n-ride≤ 25 auto spacesSatellite bus park-n-ride> 25 ≤ 50 autospacesStandard bus park-nride≤ 100 auto spacesUrban bus park-n-ride> 100 ≤ 300 autospacesStandard bus park-nride> 300 auto spacesMajor TransferFacility/New TransitCenter Concept1 – 2 n/a n/a1 – 2 n/a n/a2 2 n/a4 4 n/a5 6 n/a6 – 10 10 – 20 Potential BikeCorral10 – 15 24 – 40 Potential BikeCorral orBikestation5.3.0 BIKEWAYS5.3.1 Bikeway ConnectionsLocal communities may have a variety of off-street paths or on-street bikelanes that will factor into determining the demand for bike parking facilities.When developing site layouts for a bus transit facility, the Design Engineershall investigate and consider such bicycle connections.RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 5 - Bicycle FacilitiesBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 4 of 5

RTD encourages joint collaborations with local jurisdictions and agencies toprovide better bicycle access to transit facilities where regional bike routesintersect or come within near proximity to RTD bus transit facilities.When designing bikeways on RTD sites, where bike routes come onto RTDproperty, jurisdictional standards for size and surface material shall be met orexceeded (budget permitting). For example, if the current standard for amunicipality is to surface regional bike trails with crusher fines, that wouldalso be the minimum allowable surface within RTD’s site. If the projectbudget can accommodate upgrading the bike path to asphalt or concrete, itwould be recommended to do so.Geometric standards for bikeway design shall be based upon localjurisdictional requirements or the AASHTO “Guide for the Development ofBicycle Facilities” manual if the local jurisdiction has no standards thataddress bikeways.5.3.2 Bicycle/Pedestrian BridgesBridges may be necessary at some public bus facilities if major barriers tosite access exist (i.e.: highways, RR, rivers). Refer to Section 6 of thisManual for further information on the design of such structures.RTD will determine the practicality for bicycle/pedestrian bridges on a caseby-casebasis, depending upon the projected pedestrian traffic, thegeography of the site and the anticipated project cost.5.3.3 Bikeway SignageWhere regional paths are not directly adjacent to RTD property, there shouldbe clear signage directing bike traffic to and from the transit facility.Coordination with the local jurisdiction will be necessary to place signs alongthe bike path that direct riders along the most convenient route to reach thebus facility. The signs shall meet local standards, RTD’s signagerequirements as stated in Section 8 of this Manual and be in conformancewith the MUTCD.RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 5 - Bicycle FacilitiesBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 5 of 5

SECTION 6 – STRUCTURAL DESIGN6.1.0 STRUCTURAL DESIGN CODES, MANUALS & SPECIFICATIONS ......................... 36.1.1 Building Codes................................................................................ 36.2.0 EARTH RETAINING STRUCTURES .................................................................. 36.2.1 Geometry....................................................................................... 36.2.2 Type ............................................................................................. 36.2.3 Design Requirements....................................................................... 36.2.4 Characteristics................................................................................ 46.3.0 CONCRETE .................................................................................................. 56.4.0 STRUCTURAL STEEL .................................................................................... 56.5.0 PRESTRESSING STEEL .................................................................................. 56.6.0 POST-TENSIONING STEEL SYSTEMS.............................................................. 56.7.0 REINFORCING STEEL .................................................................................... 56.8.0 TIMBER ....................................................................................................... 56.9.0 TEMPORARY STRUCTURES........................................................................... 56.10.0 SLABS ........................................................................................................ 56.11.0 TUNNELS AND BRIDGES ............................................................................... 66.12.0 PEDESTRIAN BRIDGES.................................................................................. 66.13.0 PARKING STRUCTURES ................................................................................ 66.13.1 Objectives..................................................................................... 66.13.2 Modal Hierarchy ............................................................................ 76.13.3 Parking Structure Context ............................................................... 86.13.4 Design Goals ................................................................................. 86.13.5 Performance Standards................................................................... 96.13.6 Functional Design ........................................................................ 106.13.7 Access Design............................................................................. 116.13.8 Security...................................................................................... 116.13.9 Lighting ...................................................................................... 116.13.10 Signage and Graphics .................................................................... 116.13.11 Structure ..................................................................................... 126.13.12 Architecture ................................................................................. 12RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 6 – Structural DesignBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 1 of 13

6.13.13 Fire Protection .............................................................................. 126.13.14 Maintenance Objectives................................................................. 126.13.15 ADAAG ....................................................................................... 136.14.0 GEOTECHNICAL ANALYSIS ......................................................................... 136.15.0 LOADS AND FORCES.................................................................................. 13RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 6 – Structural DesignBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 2 of 13

SECTION 6 – STRUCTURAL DESIGN CRITERIA6.1.0 STRUCTURAL DESIGN CODES, MANUALS & SPECIFICATIONSLoad Factor Design, Allowable Stress Design and Load Resistance Factor Design (LRFD)are acceptable design concepts upon written approval from RTD. The designer shallcoordinate the specific design methodology with RTD’s structural engineer prior tocommencing with preliminary design calculations and layout. All structural designs shallbe signed and sealed by a Professional Engineer registered in the State of Colorado. Allrevisions shall be reviewed, and signed and sealed by a Professional Engineer registered inthe State of Colorado. Unless otherwise specified herein, the following codes, manuals orspecifications as appropriate or codes, manuals or specifications of other local jurisdictionsshall guide the structural design.6.1.1 Building CodesThe most recent edition of: Uniform Building Code, International BuildingCode, City and County of Denver and State of Colorado, Structural SpecialtyCode and Fire and Life Safety Code, and local jurisdictional codes, asrequired.6.2.0 EARTH RETAINING STRUCTURESFor earth retaining structures located either on caissons or other foundations, the AASHTOSpecifications for Retaining Walls and CDOT design specifications shall be followed.6.2.1 Geometry6.2.2 TypeRetaining wall layout shall address slope maintenance above and below thewall. Provide returns into the retained fill or cut at retaining wall ends wherepossible. Any residual wall batter should be into the fill. Design andconstruction shall consider surface and subsurface drainage. A drainagesystem shall be provided to intercept or prevent surface water from enteringbehind walls. A fence or pedestrian railing with a minimum height of 42inches above a standing surface shall be provided at the top of walls 30inches or higher.Metal walls, including bin walls and sheet pile walls, and recycled materialwalls will not be permitted for permanent retaining walls. Timber walls willnot be permitted for permanent retaining walls unless prior approval by RTD.Wall types, proposed for use, shall have successfully been used in similargeotechnical locations and environmental conditions.6.2.3 Design RequirementsRetaining walls shall be designed in accordance with the applicablestandards and references outlined in this Design Criteria. The design of MSEand modular walls near or in bodies of water shall account for soft saturatedsoils and scour. All project walls near irrigation lines for landscaping shallaccount for the additional hydrostatic load due to a waterline break. The useof free draining backfill material and/or leak detection devices to reduceRTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 6 – Structural DesignBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 3 of 13

hydrostatic loads on retaining walls shall be included. All wall systems shallbe designed to have a minimum service life of 50 years.6.2.4 CharacteristicsMechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) Walls - Wall panels shall be constructedof reinforced concrete. Provide corrosion protection for prestressing orposttensioning steel.Panel joints - shall accommodate differential settlement. Use section 206 ofthe CDOT – Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction forbackfill requirements.Reinforcing - Cover to reinforcing steel shall be a minimum of 2 inches withforms and 3 inches without forms. All reinforcing, mild or prestressed shallbe galvanized or epoxy coated in splash zones of adjacent roadways.Modular Walls - Modular wall height shall not exceed 15 feet. A mechanicalconnection to the wall facing for soil reinforcement shall be provided; frictionconnections relying on gravity alone will not be acceptable.Cast-in-Place Walls - Cast in place walls shall be designed and constructed inaccordance with the current AASHTO Standard Specifications for HighwayBridges, CDOT design specifications and all interims through the present.Construction joint spacing shall accommodate differential settlement.Anchored Walls - Anchored wall design and construction shall use FHWARD-82-046, FHWA RD-82-047 and FHWA-IF-99-015 as guidelines. Anchorsshall be encapsulated with plastic sheathing. Proof load tests for anchorsshall be provided in accordance with the above FHWA guidelines. Shotcreteshall meet the aesthetic requirements set by RTD.Soil Nail Walls - Soil nail walls may be used when top-down construction iswarranted. Soil nail walls shall not be used if ground water seepage will be aproblem. Design and construction shall use FHWA-RD-89-93, FHWA-SA-93-086 and FHWA-SA-96-069 as guidelines. Load testing for nails shall beprovided in accordance with the above FHWA guidelines. Shotcrete shallmeet the aesthetic requirements, including final finish, as established byRTD.Soil Reinforcement - Soil reinforcement for MSE and modular walls shall begalvanized, epoxy coated steel or geogrids meeting creep requirements ofAASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges. Design shall accountfor any item projecting through the soil reinforcement. Avoid placing culvertsand utilities perpendicular to soil reinforcement within the reinforced soilmass. Soil reinforcement shall be protected from corrosion of metal due tostray electrical currents. Requirements for stray current control shall followthe project standards as defined by RTD.Structural Diaphragm Walls - Structural diaphragm walls may be used whentop-down construction is warranted.RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 6 – Structural DesignBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 4 of 13

6.3.0 CONCRETEStructures designed to carry highway loadings shall be designed to current AASHTO andCDOT specification including the most current interims.The use of lightweight concrete is not allowed for use in structural members.Minimum allowable concrete strengths shall meet the requirements of Section 601 ofCDOT - Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction.6.4.0 STRUCTURAL STEELStructures designed to carry or support highway loadings shall be designed to currentAASHTO and CDOT Specifications including the most current interims.6.5.0 PRESTRESSING STEELThe maximum diameter for prestressing strands shall be 0.6 inches for a 2 inch minimumspacing and 0.5 inches for a 1-3/4 inch minimum spacing.6.6.0 POST-TENSIONING STEEL SYSTEMSProvide corrosion protection for the strands consisting of grout filled galvanized ornonmetallic ducts. Grout shall meet the requirements of Section 618 of CDOT StandardSpecifications for Road and Bridge Construction. Prestressing systems shall be from PTICertified plants.6.7.0 REINFORCING STEELThe use of epoxy coated reinforcing steel for all bridges, walls, tunnels and box culvertsshall adhere to the requirements of Table 1, Subsection No. 8.1 of the CDOT BridgeDesign Manual. The design category for anticipated level of de-icing salt application shallbe “Low.” Specific reinforcing steel for bridges, not covered herein, shall conform to therequirements of CDOT Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction.Abutments, pier columns, and superstructures exposed to splash from adjacent roadwayshall use epoxy coated reinforcing steel conforming to the requirements of CDOT.6.8.0 TIMBERFor timber structures other than structures subjected to highway loading, the NationalDesign Specification for Wood Construction, by the National Forest Products Associationshall be followed. Timber structures with over 20 feet of span length shall not be allowedfor permanent structures.6.9.0 TEMPORARY STRUCTURESAll materials for temporary structures both above and below ground shall be removedunless given specific permission from RTD to leave in place.6.10.0 SLABSStructural slabs shall be designed to handle all loading that may be potentially placed uponthem. For slabs in areas handling pedestrian loading and snow loads, design shall includeHS15 truck loading at a minimum. Reinforcing in areas exposed to weather and de-icingchemicals shall have galvanized or epoxy coated reinforcement. For slabs subjected toheavier loads, design shall include HS20 loading at a minimum.RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 6 – Structural DesignBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 5 of 13

6.11.0 PEDESTRIAN TUNNELSPedestrian tunnels shall provide a minimum width of 20 feet for pedestrian movement.Pedestrian tunnels shall be well lit and provided with security cameras in accordance withSection 12 of this Manual.See RTD Light Rail Design Criteria.6.12.0 PEDESTRIAN BRIDGESPedestrian bridges shall be designed in accordance with the requirements of AASHTOStandard Specifications for Highways and Bridges, AASHTO Guide Specification forPedestrian Bridge, and CDOT Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction.The Design Engineer shall coordinate with RTD for the design of covers on pedestrianwalkways over LRT tracks or roadways.Pedestrian bridges shall provide a minimum width of 12 feet for pedestrian movement.Pedestrian bridges shall be well lit and provided with security cameras in accordance withSection 12 of this Manual.6.13.0 PARKING STRUCTURES6.13.1 ObjectivesThe design criteria for this section were derived from an evaluation andreview of design manuals, agency criteria and existing parking structuresthat service transit agencies, including RTD.The objective of this section shall provide the basis for design decisions.The objectives shall be used in the design of new and renovated facilities.In addition to safety and functionality, the design objectives shall considerthese four factors:Budget• Budget• Architecture• Intermodal Transfer• Community IntegrationThe established construction budget shall take precedence over all otherfactors other than safety and functionality.Architecture• Create a civic architecture that is permanent, functional and pleasant.The structure should contribute to the RTD context – one that is notentirely derivative of the transit system, but complimentary of theneighborhoods and community within which it is located and withinbudget constraints. The structure should maintain an overall systemor corridor identity.RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 6 – Structural DesignBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 6 of 13

• All designs must conform to current editions of all applicable codes(e.g., UBC, IBC, ANSI, ADAAG).• Make transit safe, secure, friendly and accessible to all, including thedisabled.• Design systems that use sustainable, consistent and maintainablematerials that minimize life cycle costs.• Provide an architectural and urban design framework that defines andencourages TOD opportunities.Intermodal Transfer• Provide a safe, efficient, and convenient parking structureconfiguration for intermodal transfer.• Provide clear and understandable directional signage.• Develop operational efficiencies that simplify modal transfers andcommuter accessibility.• Provide the best service possible at a reasonable cost.Community Integration• Protect, maintain and enhance existing community values.• Support TOD that fosters neighborhood friendly and desirablefacilities.• Support transit-related uses that are proximate to the transit facilities.• Initiate and coordinate programs with the community that limit localtraffic impacts and minimize disruption during and after theimplementation phase.• Utilize local jurisdictional processes and agencies throughout projectdesign and implementation.6.13.2 Modal HierarchyParking structures shall be located to minimize the total passenger accesstime from all modes and, as applicable, enhance TOD potential.Access modes for and around parking structures shall be located relative torail platforms and bus bays in the following hierarchy:• Light Rail Transit/Commuter Rail• Fixed route feeder bus• Other fixed route buses• Taxi and paratransit (private or flexible route bus) drop off• Auto drop off• Bicycle parkingRTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 6 – Structural DesignBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 7 of 13

• Auto parking• Motorcycle parking• Offsite Pedestrian6.13.3 Parking Structure ContextThe “context” is the state of development that surrounds a perspectiveparking structure site. It can be residential, commercial, industrial,agricultural, suburban, urban, or rural. The character, quality, land use andfuture of the context shall direct the site planning and design of parkingstructures.While all parking structures are to be compatible with existing RTD facilitieseach parking structure will also be a derivative of the neighborhoods andcommunities of which it is a part; therefore, parking structures should:• Contribute to the character and quality of their context.• Help establish new development patterns where appropriate• Reinforce and guide desired and established development patterns.• Recognize development patterns that can be complemented.• Establish development patterns in rural areas by providing focus andstructure for future development.6.13.4 Design GoalsDesign of parking structures and site planning shall include:Vehicle and Passenger Flow Accommodation:• Minimize crowding, travel obstructions, conflicts, disorientation, levelchanges and physical barriers.• Maximize safety, reliability and the ability to accommodateemergencies.Passenger Environmental Accommodation:• Provide adequate lighting, personal comfort, aesthetic quality,weather protection and security.Design Flexibility• Allow for future operating changes with minimal reconstruction.• Coordinate with RTD during concept design phase on needs for futurevertical or horizontal expansion of the structure.Community Enhancement:• Minimize impacts on local vehicular and pedestrian traffic.• Promote desired growth.• Neighborhood context.RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 6 – Structural DesignBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 8 of 13

6.13.5 Performance Standards• Durability – Durable and cost-effective materials shall be used thathave consistent wear, strength and weathering qualities. Materialsshall be capable of good appearance throughout a 50 year useful life.• Low Maintenance – Life cycle maintenance costs shall be consideredin the evaluation of all materials and finishes.• Quality of Appearance – Materials shall be appealing and harmoniousin appearance and texture. They shall reinforce system continuitywhile relating to local context.• Drainage – Positive drainage shall be provided for all surfaces withinthe structure. Grades shall not be less than 0.5% in order toeliminate construction related sump (bird bath, pond) conditions.Ponding water within the parking structure is not acceptable.• Cleaning – Materials that do not soil nor stain easily shall be used andshall have surfaces that are easily cleaned in a single operation. Allporous finishes subject to public contact shall be treated or finished ina manner that allows easy recovery from “casual vandalism.”• Repair of Replacement – Inventory and maintenance costs shall beminimized. Materials shall be standardized as much as possible foreasy repair or replacement without undue cost or operationaldisruption. For example, hose bibs, electrical outlets, lighting fixturesand lamps, glass or plastic lights, information panels, signs, sheltermaterial, etc., shall be standardized using commonly available sizesand finishes for easy inventory stocking and installation.• Nonslip – Entrances, stairways, and areas around equipment shallhave high nonslip properties. Floor finishes shall be nonslip evenwhen wet. This is particularly important at stairs, elevators, andother areas near station entrances as well as platform areas.• Corrosion Resistance – Because of moisture and the electricalcurrents associated with transit operation, special consideration mustbe given to prevent corrosion. Non-corrosive metals shall be utilized.Structures near the LRT guideway shall be grounded. Stairs shalleither be precast or cast in place concrete.• Compatibility – Selected materials shall be compatible with theDenver area climate.• Availability – Selection of materials shall permit competitive biddingand emphasize regional products and processes over those notavailable locally.• Graffiti resistant products shall be used to protect surfacessusceptible to graffiti. The designer shall coordinate with RTD onwhich surfaces require protection.RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 6 – Structural DesignBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 9 of 13

• Pavement markings within parking structures shall include glassbeads for reflectivity. Glass beads shall meet the requirements ofsection 713.08 of the CDOT Standard Specifications.6.13.6 Functional DesignParking facility design shall consider the following:• Access• User type• Pedestrian needs• Wayfinding Signage• Floor-to-floor height• Dimensions of site• Parking geometrics• Peak-hour volumes• Flow capacity• Lighting• Fire ProtectionLevel of ServiceVehicular Level of Service (LOS) shall be considered for parking structureentry/exits, geometrics, flow capacity, travel distance, turning radii, andfloor slopes. For typical parking structures the LOS can range from A to Dwith D being the lowest.The level of service at the access to public ROW shall not be less than C.This may require extra drive/access lanes.Circulation SystemsCirculation systems shall be oriented with drive aisles parallel to pedestrianflows along the shortest routes to station platforms or bus bays, wheneverpractical, in order to encourage pedestrians to walk along aisles where theycan be easily seen by vehicle drivers.Perpendicular aisles will be considered on a case-by-case basis with RTDapproval. The need for pedestrian sidewalks and crosswalks shall beevaluated by the designer during conceptual planning.Stall Widths and Parking ModulesIn general, parking structures shall utilize 90 degree parking depending onsite constraints and parking structure grid layout. For two-way drive aisles,with 90 degree parking, stalls shall be 8.5 feet by 18 feet with an aislewidth of 24 feet. The parking module (i.e. two parking aisles and driveaisle) shall be 60 feet wide. One-way traffic with angled parking may beconsidered on a case-by-case basis, with RTD approval.RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 6 – Structural DesignBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 10 of 13

6.13.7 Access DesignEntry/exit areas for parking structures are critical locations. Care must betaken to determine where entrances and exits will be placed with relation toaccess roadways, bus lanes, pedestrian movement, TOD and bicycle paths.Primary pedestrian paths through the parking structure shall not be locatednear entry/exits areas.Entry/exit areas shall be designed for the parking peak and daily loads.Additionally, entry/exit lane lengths and widths shall be designed toaccommodate future revenue control equipment. Depending on peak loadsand total parking capacity, more than one access point shall be considered.Kiss-n-rides (short term parking) shall be incorporated into the parkingstructure design. Kiss-n-rides located within the parking structures must notinterfere with other vehicles trying to move through the facility. When RTDsurface parking is located adjacent to a parking structure, kiss-n-rides shallbe located within the surface lot.6.13.8 SecuritySee Section 12 of this Manual for security requirements at parkingstructures.6.13.9 LightingLighting for parking structures shall meet the minimum requirements setforth in Section 9 of this Manual.These standards recommend minimum illuminance criteria for the safemovement of vehicle traffic and pedestrians within a parking structure.They also recognize the need to deter criminal activity and meet energyconstraints. The lighting must also be adequate for CCTV usage within thefacility.Lamp and fixture selections will be governed by RTD. Refer to Section 9 ofthis Manual for additional information.Light poles used on the top tier of all facilities shall be hinged near the baseto allow easy access to the fixtures and lamps.6.13.10 Signage and GraphicsSignage provides directions, identification, and warnings, as well as otherinformation to the users of the parking structure. Graphics are the means bywhich the information is presented on a sign. It is the intention of RTD thatthe signage in the parking facilities is plain, concise and simple.Signage shall be in accordance with the requirements of the localjurisdiction, MUTCD, ADA and shall be clear, understandable and providetotal coverage.RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 6 – Structural DesignBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 11 of 13

6.13.11 StructureStructural systems for parking structures shall be either precast prestressedconcrete or cast in place post tensioned concrete and should consider cost,availability, quality, estimated life, function and appearance. The structuralelements shall be consistent and replicated from one zone to the next, inorder to simplify construction and minimize costs. Unique, aestheticallydifferent and diverse structural elements within an individual structure arediscouraged.6.13.12 ArchitectureThe standard façade for parking structures shall be precast acid etchedcolored concrete panels. Maximum glass size for stair towers and elevatorsshall be 16 square feet (4’ x 4’).6.13.13 Fire ProtectionNew parking structures and renovation projects shall be designed toincorporate efficient, cost-effective passive and automatic fire protectionsystems. These systems are effective in detecting, containing, andcontrolling and/or extinguishing a fire incident in the early stages. Fireprotection engineers shall be involved in all aspects of the design in order toensure an acceptable degree of protection of human life from fire and theproducts of combustion as well as to reduce the potential loss from fire (i.e.,real and personal property, operations).Planning for fire protection in and around a building involves an integratedsystems approach that enables the designer to analyze all of the building'scomponents as a total building fire safety system package. The analysisrequires more than code compliance or meeting the minimum legalresponsibilities for protecting a building. Therefore, it is necessary tocreatively and efficiently integrate code requirements with other fire safetymeasures as well as other design strategies to achieve a balanced designthat will provide the desired levels of safety, including and most importantly,coordination with the local fire authority.Refer to Section 12 and the following for specific requirements:• NFPA 88A, Standard for Parking Structures• Uniform Fire Code• Local jurisdiction fire and building codes6.13.14 Maintenance Objectives• Maximize ease of replacement• Maximize ease of construction• Maximize the use of available materials and finishes• Maximize the use of durable materials and finishes• Maximize the use of similar materials, finished and components.RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 6 – Structural DesignBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 12 of 13

6.13.15 ADAAG• Maximize the use of new improved materials and finishes• Minimize the number of unique and different components• Minimize the number of shapes• Minimize life cycle costsParking structures shall be designed to conform to all regulations inaccordance with ADAAG. This will include accessible paths, number ofADA parking stalls, etc.6.14.0 GEOTECHNICAL ANALYSISThe soils in the Denver metropolitan area vary. Soil and geologic data and reports for thepreliminary design of structures shall be site specific. Preliminary recommendations shallbe provided in the project structural reports prepared during the Preliminary Engineeringphase. On Final Design, site-specific soil and geological data shall be obtained to developthe design parameters.Commonly used foundations for bridges, retaining structures and buildings include: spreadfootings, driven precast concrete piles and drilled shafts. Foundations recommendationsshall be made in a site-specific project geotechnical report. Foundations shall be designedaccording to AASHTO, CDOT Standards, or local requirements. River scour shall beincluded in geotechnical reports where appropriate.6.15.0 LOADS AND FORCESSee RTD Light Rail Design Criteria.RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 6 – Structural DesignBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 13 of 13

SECTION 7 – DRIVERS RELIEF STATION7.1.0 GENERAL ..................................................................................................... 27.2.0 LOCATION.................................................................................................... 27.3.0 SIZE AND CONFIGURATION ........................................................................... 27.3.1 Prefabricated (Lavatory and Mechanical Room) ................................... 27.3.2 Small (Lavatory and Mechanical Room).............................................. 37.3.3 Medium (Lavatory, Mechanical and Security Rooms) ........................... 37.3.4 Large (Lavatory, Mechanical, Security and Maintenance Storage Rooms)37.4.0 MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT ........................................................................ 37.4.1 General.......................................................................................... 37.4.2 Lavatory ........................................................................................ 47.4.3 Mechanical Room............................................................................ 57.4.4 Security Room................................................................................ 57.4.5 Maintenance Storage Room.............................................................. 5RTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 7 - Driver Relief StationBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 1 of 5

SECTION 7 – DRIVER RELIEF STATION7.1.0 GENERALThis Design Criteria establishes the minimum standards to be used in the design of RTDbus transit facilities. This section is intended to direct the Design Engineer in the design ofstructures used at bus transit facilities for various applications that are necessary for RTDemployees to carry out their assignments. These structures are the Drivers Relief Station(DRS). The purpose of the DRS is to contain a toilet and sink, exclusively for Districtemployees (primarily drivers). Depending on the site requirements, these structures mayalso include rooms for maintenance storage and site security equipment.All DRS buildings shall be designed in accordance with ADA and ADAAG.7.2.0 LOCATIONThe DRS shall be located adjacent to bus loading areas. Specific locations will vary fromsite to site and the Design Engineer shall consider the location of utilities when selectingan appropriate location. The building design shall be in accordance with the followingcriteria:• convenient access for drivers, but placed beyond pedestrian traffic flow paths inthe bus loading and plaza areas• all sides shall be accessible to maintenance personnel• all sides with access doors shall have a 6 foot (minimum) clearance for snowremoval equipment7.3.0 SIZE AND CONFIGURATIONThere are four basic configuration options for the DRS, as described below. Pleasereference the RTD Standard Drawings for more details regarding each configuration.Based upon special needs or site conditions, the standard configurations may becustomized for a specific location, but where possible, one of the four following optionsshould be utilized. All four standard configurations are shown in the RTD StandardDrawings.7.3.1 Prefabricated (Lavatory and Mechanical Room) – DRS IThe prefabricated option for the DRS shall contain all the basic componentsrequired in the lavatory and mechanical room. The restroom area should beapproximately 5.5’ by 5.0’, and the attached mechanical room should be2.0’ by 5.0’, resulting in a total building dimension of 7.5’ by 5.0’.RTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 7 - Driver Relief StationBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 2 of 5

7.3.2 Small (Lavatory and Mechanical Room) – DRS IIThe basic, and most common, DRS building constructed on site will be thisconfiguration, which contains a lavatory and a mechanical room. These twocomponents will be found in all DRS buildings. The exterior dimensions ofthe small DRS are 11’-8” X 7’-2” and the interior space is split equallybetween the lavatory and the mechanical room.7.3.3 Medium (Lavatory, Mechanical and Security Rooms) – DRS IIIWhen security equipment that needs to be housed in a secured enclosure isrequired on site, an additional room will be included in the DRS. The exteriordimensions of the medium DRS are 11’-8” X 16’-8”.7.3.4 Large (Lavatory, Mechanical, Security and Maintenance Storage Rooms) –DRS IVSome sites will require additional storage for maintenance equipment andsupplies. When this is the case, it is preferable to have this space includedas part of the DRS building rather than in a separate storage shed. Theexterior dimensions of the large DRS building are 11’-8” X 29’-4”.7.4.0 MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT7.4.1 GeneralThe DRS shall either be a prefabricated fiberglass unit or one that isconstructed of concrete masonry units with a sloped metal roof. Eachbuilding shall be equipped with a backflow preventer in a heated area, orwrapped with heat tape and insulation (in a locked, weatherproof cabinet) toprevent freezing.The Design Engineer shall include notes and graphics in the drawings andtechnical specifications to ensure the following:oThe pipe contractor shall install water and sanitary sewer servicelines to within 5 feet of the structure. The plumbing contractorshall install the service connection from the service line, placed bythe pipe contractor, to the interior plumbing of the DRS. Thegeneral contractor shall ensure compatible installations by the twocontractors.A hose bib shall be provided within or near the DRS.Gutters and downspouts shall be schedule 40 or 60 painted steel, and notgalvanized steel, which is often damaged during installation.RTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 7 - Driver Relief StationBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 3 of 5

7.4.2 LavatoryThe restroom shall contain all the following components:• Depending on its design size, the water service to the building shallstart from a public water main with a corporation stop, a tee fittingtap (dry) or a wet tap; continue to the water meter, (typicallyinstalled by the local water utility), and connect to the structurewater control valve and building potable plumbing.• Domestic sewer service shall connect to a public sewer main a tee orwye tap (dry), or a wet tap saddle and wye, and connect to thebuilding service sanitary plumbing.• The domestic water service to the building from the water meter shallbe a minimum of 3/4-inch diameter, continuous non-spliced Type Kcopper.• The toilet shall be equipped with a pressure vessel in the tank. (If aone-inch, or larger, water service line is required to serve the site, thelavatory shall contain a flush valve toilet instead, with a 1 inch line tothe DRS.)• A 4-foot, 2-tube cool white fluorescent light fixture recessed in theceiling should be used to light this room. (In the prefabricated DRSunit, this fixture shall be 2-feet in length.)• The light and exhaust fan shall be controlled by an infrared detectorswitch in the restroom.• Ceiling-mounted electric heating elements with fans.• Stainless steel mirror and sink.• The interior walls should be finished with two (2) coats of epoxy overblock filler on the CMU wall.• The lavatory door shall be equipped with an electronic proximity cardreader and lock that is activated by RTD employee HID identificationcards only. The proximity card reader shall read within 3-inches. Thepower supply shall be 12 Volts DC. The reader shall be able tooperate as a stand-alone unit. The reader shall allow for a minimumof 5000 cards to be loaded into memory. The reader shall have ablock/delete feature to delete cards from its memory and deny accessto the deleted cards. Strike time for opening the door shall beadjustable from 1 to 99 seconds. A keyed exterior/toggle interiordeadbolt lock shall be installed on the lavatory door to serve as abackup in case the card reader fails, and to allow the door to belocked from the inside when the lavatory is occupied.RTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 7 - Driver Relief StationBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 4 of 5

7.4.3 Mechanical RoomThe mechanical room shall contain all the following components:• Ceiling-mounted electric heating elements with fans.• The electrical panel for the DRS, as well as site lighting and securityequipment.• An instantaneous electric water heater shall be installed. This heatershall not be manufactured out of plastic since the debris in the watersupply may reduce the water flow, which causes the plastic parts todeform and leak.• The mechanical room door shall be equipped with a combination lockand a key lock.• A 24-pair phone cable shall be run to and installed within themechanical room. The installation shall include an appropriate panelboard that meets Qwest requirements for security communications,pay phones, and remote access to the site irrigation controller. Aphone cable and conduit shall be installed for irrigation monitoring.7.4.4 Security RoomThe components necessary for the security room will vary from site to site.The security room door shall be equipped with a combination lock and a keylock.7.4.5 Maintenance Storage RoomThe maintenance storage room shall contain the following items:• A 6 foot wide, steel roll up door, or doublewide door without anastragal.• Properly ventilated storage space for maintenance equipment and 3to 5 gallon fuel tanks containing gasoline or diesel fuel.• The door shall be equipped with a combination lock and a key lock.• Shelving for custodial supplies.RTD Design Criteria & GuidelinesSection 7 - Driver Relief StationBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 5 of 5

SECTION 8 – SIGNAGE8.1.0 GENERAL ..................................................................................................... 28.2.0 PARK-N-RIDES AND TRANSFER FACILITIES ..................................................... 28.2.1 Site Identification Sign..................................................................... 28.2.2 Plaza Signage ................................................................................. 28.2.3 Traffic Signage/Circulation ............................................................... 38.2.4 Directional “Wayfinding Signage” Traffic Signs................................... 38.3.0 BUS STOP SIGNAGE...................................................................................... 38.3.1 Sign Requirements .......................................................................... 38.3.2 Sign Location ................................................................................. 48.4.0 INFORMATION KIOSKS .................................................................................. 48.5.0 COMMEMORATIVE PLAQUES......................................................................... 58.5.1 General.......................................................................................... 5RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 8 - SignageBus Transit Facility February 2006Page 1 of 5

SECTION 8 – SIGNAGE8.1.0 GENERALThis Design Criteria establishes the minimum standards to be used in the design of RTDbus transit facilities. This section is intended to direct the Design Engineer in the designsignage at all RTD bus transit facilities.8.2.0 PARK-N-RIDES AND TRANSFER FACILITIES8.2.1 Site Identification SignSite identification signage is located at the entrance or entrances to the site.There are two standard site identification sign configurations to be used atpark-n-Ride (pnR) and bus transfer sites – one large and one small. Thelarge sign should be placed at the primary entrance and the small sign atsecondary entrances from public streets. Signage is oriented to the heaviestvolume of traffic approaching. The size of a sign may be restricted by localsign ordinances and may be adjusted as required by the local jurisdiction andwith approval from RTD.Both signs are comprised of a sign panel mounted on cedar timber posts,which are embedded in a concrete foundation. The small sign panel isroughly 2.5’ x 3.5’, whereas the large panel is nearly 5’ x 7’ (see RTDStandard Drawings).Variations from the standard signs (such as back-lit, instead of painted signpanels, or major modifications to the size) require prior approval from RTD.When access points to pnRs are shared with commercial uses, theidentification signs shall be combined whenever possible. This is done in aneffort to create a more attractive, less cluttered look, which will bebeneficial to all sites served by the access. Use of combined signage willrequire RTD approval and coordination with other owners.8.2.2 Plaza SignageSignage on the plaza area will consist of information kiosks, directional signsand bus stop signs. All plaza signage shall be in accordance with ADA andMUTCD.Bus stop signs at transfer stations are to be located at each bus bay and willcontain identification stickers for all the bus routes that stop at that bay.See section 8.3.0 for more information regarding these signs.When plaza shelters do not contain sufficient space for route maps andschedules, additional information kiosks will be provided in the plaza area.RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 8 - SignageBus Transit Facility February 2006Page 2 of 5

These kiosks shall be one of three standard types. See section 8.4.0 fordetails regarding the information kiosk signs to be located on the bus plaza.Information kiosks should be located adjacent to major pedestrian flow.They should not be located in such a way as to impede passenger circulationpatterns between connecting bus services or restrict ADA accessibility.When six (6) or more bus routes serve a site, there shall also be signs placedat either end of the plaza area that identify the gate assignments for eachroute.Some sites may also contain variable message signs (VMS) that display realtimebus arrival information. These signs will generally be located inside theplaza shelters. RTD will determine where the signs will be located on a siteby-sitebasis.8.2.3 Traffic Signage/CirculationAll vehicular traffic signage shall be in accordance with the Manual onUniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD).Some customization of the standard MUTCD signs may be necessary tospecifically address bus traffic. For example, “BUSES EXCEPTED” might beadded to a “DO NOT ENTER” sign on designated bus loops within a park-n-Ride or transfer facility.All pavement striping and markings shall be in accordance with the MUTCD.8.2.4 Directional “Wayfinding Signage” Traffic SignsWhen appropriate, signs will be installed to direct vehicular traffic to the pnRsite. For example, when a pnR is located between interchanges on ahighway, directional signs shall be placed at the nearest interchangesindicating patrons should exit there to access the pnR. If necessary,subsequent wayfinding signs shall be placed along the access route toinstruct drivers where to turn. All such sign placement must be coordinatedwith CDOT or local jurisdictions as appropriate.8.3.0 BUS STOP SIGNAGE8.3.1 Sign RequirementsRed and white bus stop signs indicate stops along all RTD bus routes.Larger, more detailed signs which identify all the bus routes using that stopwill be necessary at higher ridership points where numerous different routesstop. All standard red and white bus stop signs should contain at least oneroute number sticker.RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 8 - SignageBus Transit Facility February 2006Page 3 of 5

Sign panels will be provided by RTD’s sign shop and route number stickerswill be added by RTD following installation.Where bus stops include a passenger shelter, additional information displaysthat contain route information and schedules are typically provided.8.3.2 Sign LocationWhen appropriate, the bus stop sign should be placed on existing features –i.e.: light poles, power poles. Otherwise, a new post shall be installed. If apassenger shelter is to be provided at the bus stop, the sign should beattached to the front part of the shelter, unless site constraints, visibility orother requirements specify another location.When a bus stop requires a new sign to be installed (on a new post), thesign should be located 3 feet from the curb flowline directly in front of thebus boarding area.The bottom of pole mounted signs shall be located 7 feet above finishedgrade. The pole or post shall be aluminum, installed in a vertical concretealuminum sleeve that shall be exposed to a height that is below the breakawayjoint. The embedded sleeve shall be exposed with “three holes” aboveground.8.4.0 INFORMATION KIOSKSOne of three standard types of information kiosks shall be used at RTD bus transit facilitiesas described below. On a case by case basis, combinations of these types can be usedupon coordination with RTD. The number of information kiosks per site shall beestablished during concept plan development, and shall be dependent on the pedestrianmovement, volume, variety of directional flow, and the number of bus bays, islands andplaza areas.• The most common standard information kiosk consists of a triangular concretebase with a 3-sided, red (or other color as required), metal sign holdercontaining 3 doors with plexi-glass panels to hold schedules and route maps.The triangular base is a right triangle with 2 equilateral sides of 3 feet, and isapproximately 2 feet tall. The entire kiosk is roughly 6 feet tall.• The second type of information kiosk is a single-panel sign that containsmap/route information mounted on plywood and attached between two federalgreen poles. The kiosk dimensions are approximately 2 feet wide by 5 feet tall.• The final type of information kiosk is either a 3 or 4 sided configuration ofaluminum frames that contain individual sign panels with route and scheduleinformation. Each frame is 18 inches wide by 6 feet tall. Where appropriate,these sign panels can be mounted to surround existing or proposed poles (suchRTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 8 - SignageBus Transit Facility February 2006Page 4 of 5

as light poles) when plaza space is limited, or to minimize the impact topedestrian flow in the plaza area.The contractor shall provide the framed kiosk, and RTD shall provide the informationpanels. They shall be located at convenient locations on the plaza without impedingpedestrian traffic flow, but still provide the most exposure.8.5.0 COMMEMORATIVE PLAQUES8.5.1 GeneralAt some facilities a commemorative plaque will be included in the design. Insuch cases, the design and construction of the plaza area need toincorporate an appropriate location for placement of the plaque (which isgenerally provided by RTD). Site requirements and plaque specifications willvary, so this element shall be coordinated with RTD’s Planning andDevelopment Department.RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 8 - SignageBus Transit Facility February 2006Page 5 of 5

SECTION 9 – LIGHTING AND ELECTRICAL9.1.0 GENERAL ..................................................................................................... 29.2.0 SITE LIGHTING REQUIREMENTS ..................................................................... 29.2.1 Light Pole Locations ........................................................................ 29.2.2 Standard Equipment ........................................................................ 29.3.0 PHOTOMETRIC REQUIREMENTS ..................................................................... 49.3.1 Minimum and Maximum Light Levels ................................................. 49.3.2 Light Trespass ................................................................................ 49.3.3 Light Pollution/Dark Skies Initiative.................................................... 49.4.0 CONDUITS ................................................................................................... 59.4.1 Plaza Lighting and Electrical Conduits ................................................ 59.4.2 Parking Lot Lighting and Electrical Conduits........................................ 59.5.0 EASEMENTS ................................................................................................. 59.5.1 Electric Easements .......................................................................... 59.6.0 AS-BUILT PLANS........................................................................................... 69.6.1 Final “As-Built” Plans....................................................................... 6RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 9 - Lighting and ElectricalBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 1 of 6

SECTION 9 – LIGHTING AND ELECTRICAL9.1.0 GENERALThe Design Criteria establish the minimum standards to be used in the design of RTD bustransit facilities. This section is intended to direct the Design Engineer in the design oflighting and electrical improvements at all RTD bus transit facilities. The procurement,construction and installation of all components required from the site transformer to theirrespective placement locations within the facility shall be designed, specified and shownon the appropriate design and construction drawings.The procurement, construction and installation of all components required to the sitetransformer shall be the responsibility of the appropriate utility company and shall becoordinated by the Design Engineer and RTD.9.2.0 SITE LIGHTING REQUIREMENTS9.2.1 Light Pole LocationsThe placement of lighting fixtures will be unique to each site and will becoordinated with RTD’s Engineering Division. The Design Engineer shallutilize a combination of light distributions (types II, III, IV and V) toefficiently meet photometric requirements.Passenger shelters at bus transit facilities shall be lit by “spill-light” thatemanates from lighting that is placed in passenger waiting areas. Sheltersshall not be lit from within.9.2.2 Standard EquipmentIn order to minimize equipment stocking requirements and to simplify thelabor maintenance training and expertise, generally only one standardlighting fixture shall be used at all public bus transit facilities. The fixtureshall be the Entablature, with pulse start metal halide from Kim Lighting orapproved equal. Alternative fixtures may be used as required by the localauthority or in conformance with surrounding transit oriented developmentwith approval from RTD. Lighting fixtures within parking structures shall bethe PGL5/6 from Kim Lighting or approved equal. Lighting fixtures shallinclude metal halide lamps or the 85 watt induction fluorescent (IF) lamp, asdetermined in coordination with RTD during the concept design phase.The standard light pole at RTD bus transit facilities shall be steel, round,tapered with internal vibration damper. The standard light pole shall beValmont - DS210 or approved equal. Poles used on the top tiers of parkingstructures shall be hinged at their bases to allow easy access to the fixturesand lamps. Poles used on the top tier of parking structures shall be hinged.Poles shall be finished to match the lighting fixture. Pole base plates shallhave a minimum inside diameter to accommodate five 1” electrical conduits.RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 9 - Lighting and ElectricalBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 2 of 6

Standard parking lot lights shall be mounted on 25 foot poles withfoundations that are set 3 feet above the paved parking surface. All lightspoles located within landscaped areas shall be set 3 feet above thesurrounding landscaped area. The site fixtures shall consistently be 28 feetabove finished grade.Standard plaza lights shall be mounted on 14 foot poles. Plaza light polefoundations shall be set level with the surrounding plaza paving. A collarshall be set at the base of the light pole, and shall be the same color as thelight pole. The collar shall provide a finished look, enhance the aestheticappearance of the area, and shall conceal possible minor plaza heaves orsettlements. Caulking shall be applied at the base of the pole and its baseplate to preclude infiltration and to isolate metallic surfaces from snow-meltsalts and associated corrosion.The Design Engineer shall consider the impacts of wind for the design oflight poles and pole foundations and how wind varies at elevation for polesmounted on the top tier of parking structures. Light poles shall have aminimum wind speed rating of 100 mph. Steel poles, rather than aluminumpoles, are required.Lighting fixtures shall permit relamping and ballast replacement without theuse of tools. Fixtures shall be designed so that relamping or ballastreplacement can be accomplished in less than five minutes.RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 9 - Lighting and ElectricalBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 3 of 6

9.3.0 PHOTOMETRIC REQUIREMENTS9.3.1 Minimum and Maximum Light LevelsTABLE 9A - RTD LIGHTING GUIDELINES FOR PARKING AREAS ANDPEDESTRIAN PLAZA AREAS:AreaParkingAreasMinimum InitialLight Level **(horizontalilluminance infoot-candles atpavement)Maximum InitialLight Level *(horizontalilluminance infoot-candles atpavement)MaximumUniformity Ratio(maximum tominimum ratio ofilluminance)2.0 10.0 5 to 1Plaza Areas 5.0 25.0 5 to 1BRTStation/Platform AreaParkingStructuresNotes:5.0 25.0 5 to 15.0 25.0 5 to 1* - Some local municipalities have ordinances which restrict maximumlighting levels to a greater extent than what is listed here. The DesignEngineer should verify the maximum lighting level allowed for a particularjurisdiction and design the lighting in accordance with the local authority.** - Pole height restrictions by some local municipalities will require agreater than normal number of light poles to meet the minimum light levelrequirement within the maximum allowable uniformity ratios.9.3.2 Light TrespassAll light poles located adjacent to property lines shall have houseside shieldsto restrict spill light from adjacent property. The maximum initial lightinglevel measured at the property line shall not exceed 0.2 foot-candles or themaximum established by the local authority.9.3.3 Light Pollution/Dark Skies InitiativeSome local authorities have passed ordinances that restrict the type ofluminaires that may be used for site lighting. Mountain and ruralcommunities tend to be more sensitive about this issue and therefore havemuch more stringent requirements related to site lighting. The DesignRTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 9 - Lighting and ElectricalBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 4 of 6

9.4.0 CONDUITSEngineer should investigate if these restrictions exist and design the lightingaccordingly. In general, luminaires with downcast cut-off light distributionswill be acceptable to most local authorities.For light-sensitive areas, provisions can also be negotiated that willrequire/allow RTD to turn off up to half of the parking lot lights after the lastbus serving the site has left for the night. The plaza lights are not to beincluded in this arrangement, but shall remain on during all hours ofdarkness.9.4.1 Plaza Lighting and Electrical ConduitsConduit shall be provided to and from the mechanical room of the DriversRelief Station (DRS) building, where the site electrical panel will be located.Plaza lighting fixtures shall be linked with a minimum of three 1-inch conduit.9.4.2 Parking Lot Lighting and Electrical Conduits9.5.0 EASEMENTSParking lot lighting fixtures shall be connected with a minimum of three 1-inch conduit.When security equipment is proposed to be located on a light pole, 2additional 1-inch conduits (clearly marked “security conduit” shall beinstalled with pull strings. Those security conduits shall run from the handhole on the light pole, through the light pole base, to a pull-box nearby. Two2-inch conduits (clearly labeled “security conduit” shall be run between pullboxes, and connect to the security room of the DRS (or another approvedlocation, if the site will have a separate security building).9.5.1 Electric EasementsWhenever possible, exclusive electrical easements for other entities shouldbe avoided. Non-exclusive, existing utility easements should be utilizedwhere possible. Should an easement be required for the electrical service ortransformer for another entity, it will require the approval of RTD’s Board ofDirectors.During the design process, the Design Engineer shall coordinate serviceneeds with Xcel, or other power providers for the proposed improvements.Easements and license agreements are issued through RTD’s Real PropertyDivision. These items shall be coordinated with RTD to ensure obtaining,issuing and recording the appropriate documents.RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 9 - Lighting and ElectricalBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 5 of 6

9.6.0 AS-BUILT PLANS9.6.1 Final “As-Built” PlansSince RTD typically bids the lighting components of bus transit facilities as a“lump sum” item, “as-built” plan requirements shall be emphasized in thedesign plans and technical specifications.RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 9 - Lighting and ElectricalBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 6 of 6

SECTION 10 – COMMUNICATIONS AND FARE COLLECTION10.1.0 GENERAL ................................................................................................ 210.2.0 PARK-N-RIDES AND TRANSFER FACILITIES ................................................ 210.2.1 Communication and Fare Collection Device Locations ................................... 210.2.2 Plaza Signage........................................................................................... 210.2.3 Communication Elements .......................................................................... 210.2.4 Fare Collection Devices ............................................................................. 310.3.0 BRT AND STANDARD STREET SIDE BUS STOPS ......................................... 310.3.1 Sign Requirements.................................................................................... 310.3.2 Sign Location........................................................................................... 410.3.3 Communication Elements .......................................................................... 410.3.4 Fare Collection Devices ............................................................................. 410.4.0 INFORMATION KIOSKS............................................................................. 410.5.0 POWER AND CONDUIT REQUIREMENTS..................................................... 410.5.1 Power and Conduits.................................................................................. 410.5.2 Lighting and Electrical Conduits.................................................................. 510.5.3 Easements............................................................................................... 5RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 10 - Communications, Fare Collection & PowerBus Transit Facilities Design Criteria February 2006Page 1 of 5

10.1.0 GENERALSECTION 10 – COMMUNICATIONS AND FARE COLLECTIONThis Design Criteria establishes the minimum standards to be used in the design of RTDbus transit facilities. This section is intended to direct the Design Engineer in the design ofcommunication elements, fare collection devices and associated appurtenances at all RTDbus transit facilities.Communications elements are defined as those devices that provide and enable remotecontact, announcements and message information sharing.Fare collection devices are defined as all equipment and supporting infrastructure neededto accomplish collection or documentation of fares, which are not located on thedesignated transit vehicle.Power requirements shall consist of all electrical alternating current (AC) power, equipmentand conduits needed to energize a specific site.10.2.0 PARK-N-RIDES AND TRANSFER FACILITIES10.2.1 Communication and Fare Collection Device LocationsPark-n-Ride (pnR) communication elements and fare collection devices shallbe located in areas that are convenient for the transit patron. They shall benear boarding areas, shelter areas and other public congregation andcirculation areas. The size of the element or device shall be industrystandard, but may vary depending upon specific needs and local ordinances.Electronic communication information devices shall be located near busboarding areas. At least one public telephone shall be installed at all majorfacilities (i.e., pnR, BRT superstops and transfer facilities). Additionalphones may be installed as determined by patron volumes and frequency.10.2.2 Plaza SignageSee Section 8.2.2 of this Manual.10.2.3 Communication ElementsPublic telephones shall be industry standard pay and credit card type.Emergency telephones (blue phones) shall be installed adjacent to payphones at bus boarding plaza areas. Emergency phones shall be installed oneach level of parking structures and at the far end of pnRs that exceed 1000spaces.RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 10 - Communications, Fare Collection & PowerBus Transit Facilities Design Criteria February 2006Page 2 of 5

Public and emergency phones will typically be installed by the respectivearea telephone provider. Conduits for the phone lines shall be installed bythe respective site contractor. Conduits shall be shown on the engineeringdrawings.Communication elements shall also include a variety of IntelligentTransportation System (ITS) devices, which shall be integrated into eachfacility on a unique site-by-site basis in order to improve the overall systemperformance in terms of travel time, reliability, convenience, operationalefficiency, safety and security. ITS items that shall be considered include:devices that enhance vehicle priority, operations and maintenancemanagement, operator communications, real-time passenger information,and safety and security systems. SCADA systems shall be considered forall facilities. The final determination shall be coordinated with RTD duringthe concept design phase.10.2.4 Fare Collection DevicesBus fare collection currently occurs by submitting on-board cash directly intothe bus fare box or by showing pre-purchased tickets, passes or transfersthat are acknowledged by the bus operator.Ticket vending machines (TVM) are not currently a bus transit fare collectionoption. However, with the introduction of bus rapid transit (BRT), and in aneffort to improve and enhance fare collection efficiencies, “smart cards,”RFID readers and cards, and TVM are being evaluated by RTD for future busservice applications.It is unlikely that street-side standard bus stops will utilize TVM. TVM areprobable for BRT stops, major pnRs and major transfer facilities.Design Engineers, in coordination with RTD, shall incorporate flexible optionsto include future TVM installations, which shall include consideration ofdevice, location and conduit placement.The Design Engineer shall coordinate with RTD on the need and design forTVM enclosures and canopies.10.3.0 BRT AND STANDARD STREET SIDE BUS STOPS10.3.1 Sign RequirementsCommunication signage at BRT stops shall be similar to plaza areas for pnRand LRT station stops.Street side standard bus stop signage is discussed in Section 8. In generalelectronic information signage will not be used at these locations unlesstechnology and special circumstances dictate otherwise.RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 10 - Communications, Fare Collection & PowerBus Transit Facilities Design Criteria February 2006Page 3 of 5

Sign panels, maps, schedule, route and fare information shall be providedand installed by RTD. Route number stickers shall be placed by RTD afterthe sign installation is complete.Map and route information (schedules, maps and fare listing) shall be placedwithin cases that are part of bus stop passenger shelters or other requiredlocations.10.3.2 Sign LocationBus information signage and communication devices shall be placed in areasthat experience high passenger movement and shall comply with ADArequirements. If a passenger shelter is to be provided at the site, then acase for signs should be attached to the shelter.See Section 8 for more information on signs at street side bus stops.When a bus stop requires a new sign to be installed (on a new post), thesign should be located according to RTD Standard Drawings.10.3.3 Communication ElementsA public telephone shall be placed at all major bus transit facilities and BRTstop stops, but not at standard street side bus stops.Emergency telephones shall also be installed at major BRT stops, but not atstandard street side stops.10.3.4 Fare Collection DevicesThe infrastructure for fare collection devices shall be included in the designof BRT stops, but not for standard street side stops.10.4.0 INFORMATION KIOSKSSee Section 8.4.0 of this Manual.10.5.0 POWER AND CONDUIT REQUIREMENTS10.5.1 Power and ConduitsThe placement of electrical devices and fixtures will be unique for each siteand shall be coordinated through RTD’s Engineering Division. The powerneeds for each site shall be individually evaluated. A minimum 50% powerreserve shall be designed for each site. All of the necessary transformers,electric panels and appurtenances shall be designed according to the uniqueneeds of each site, and coordinated with the respective power utilitycompany.RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 10 - Communications, Fare Collection & PowerBus Transit Facilities Design Criteria February 2006Page 4 of 5

10.5.2 Lighting and Electrical ConduitsConduit shall be provided to/from the mechanical or utility room of the DRS,where the site electrical panel shall be located.Parking lot, plaza and station lighting, electrical fixtures, communicationdevices and TVM or other fare collection devices shall each be linked with aminimum of three 1-inch conduit that shall continue through appropriate pullboxes,handholds and control panels.ITS, SCADA, bus information variable message boards or publicannouncement devices shall include the installation of additional 1-inchconduits. All conduits shall include pull-ropes and shall be clearly marked forthe intended use and so identified through the run from the source point ofconnection to the termination at the specified device.As determined during the concept phase, security devices shall be placed onlight or other specified poles. They shall include two (2) additional 1-inchconduits, marked “security conduit,” installed with pull ropes. Securityconduits shall run from light pole hand holes, through the pole base, to anadjacent pull-box. Two (2) 2-inch conduits, labeled “security conduit,” shallrun between pull boxes, hand holes or other similar access boxes andconnect to the security room of the DRS building, or other approvedlocation, if the site will have a separate security building. Pull boxes, handholes or other similar access boxes, placed in plaza or other paved areas,shall be rated for vehicular loadingSee Section 9 of this Manual for additional criteria.10.5.3 EasementsSee Section 9 of this Manual.RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 10 - Communications, Fare Collection & PowerBus Transit Facilities Design Criteria February 2006Page 5 of 5

SECTION 11 - CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS11.1.0 GENERAL.................................................................................................... 211.2.0 BID DOCUMENTS ........................................................................................ 311.3.0 CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS ........................................................................ 411.4.0 DRAWING SCALE ........................................................................................ 511.5.0 SPECIFICATIONS ......................................................................................... 511.6.0 BID PACKAGE ............................................................................................. 5RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 11 - Construction DocumentsBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 1 of 5

SECTION 11 - CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS11.1.0 GENERALPrior to obtaining construction plan approval, development improvement plans must besubmitted and formally approved by local governing bodies, which may include anycombination of a Planning Board, Planning and Zoning Commission/Committee, PublicWorks/Engineering, Board of Adjustment, City Council or County Commissioners. In rarecases, approval from a similarly designated State Commission or Board is required fordevelopments on State land. Local development improvement approvals generally requirethe following reports and plans:• Concept Plan• Master Plan• Subdivision Plat, if not legally subdivided• Local Development Improvement Plan*• Drainage Report• Traffic Impact Study• Soils Report• Utility Report• Geologic Hazards• Archeological and Historic Artifacts Report• Others, as specified by local jurisdiction ordinance, code or development criteria*The formal name of a local development improvement plan varies by jurisdiction.Common designations are Subdivision Improvement Plan (SIP), Final Development Plan(FDP), General Development Plan (GDP), and others as prescribed by the entity. Theelements typically required with a development improvement plan drawings, but whichmay vary by jurisdiction, include the following items:• Cover Sheet• Existing Conditions Plan (survey)• Site Plan• Grading Plan• Erosion Control Plan• Utility Plan• Architectural Building Elevations• Photometric Plan• Landscape Plan• Construction DetailsSee RTD CADD Standards found under separate cover for examples and drawing styleformats that shall apply in terms of placing a map index, scale, north arrow, title block,electronic file designations, etc.RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 11 - Construction DocumentsBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 2 of 5

11.2.0 BID DOCUMENTSA set of Bid Document drawings shall typically contain the elements listed below. The setshall be broken into four key sections, General, Civil, Details and Systems. Dependingupon the scope of the project, some of these elements may be eliminated or especially onsmaller projects, combined onto a single sheet (i.e., Cover Sheet and Sheet Index).Conversely, large or complex projects may require several sheets per element.GeneralCivil• Cover Sheet• Sheet Index• Standard Abbreviations and Symbols• RTD Standard Plan List• CDOT Standard Plan List• General Notes• Approximate Quantities• Survey Tabulation• Existing Conditions Plan (survey)• Demolition Plan• Detour / Temporary Access Plan• Erosion Control Plan (SWMP)• Erosion Control Details• Grading Plan• Site Plan• Plaza Plan• Horizontal and Vertical Control Sheet• Paving Plan• Paving Details• Plaza Paving Details• Pavement Markings and Signage Plan• Utility Plan and Profile• Storm Sewer• Water Service• Sanitary Sewer• Utility Details• Irrigation Plan• Irrigation Details• Landscape PlanRTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 11 - Construction DocumentsBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 3 of 5

Details• Landscape Details• Retaining Wall Layout• Retaining Wall Elevations• Retaining Wall Details• Drivers Relief Station• Foundation / Structural• Mechanical• Architectural• Traffic Signal Plan• Foundation / Structural• Traffic Signal Details• Miscellaneous Details• ID Signs• Project Sign• Pedestrian Shelter DetailsSystems• Electrical Legend and Schedules• Show all components from site transformer to area of use• Show contractor service connect/disconnect cabinet and switch• Electrical One-Line Diagram• Electrical Site Plan• Drivers Relief Station Electrical Plan• Electrical Details11.3.0 CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGSA set of Construction Drawings shall be exactly the same as the Bid Set, with thefollowing exceptions:• Cover Sheet shall have the title of Bid Set replaced with Construction Drawings.o Shall include the signatures of appropriate design Professional Engineer (PE)and RTD management.o Select sheets within the set shall be signed and sealed by the appropriateddiscipline Professional Engineer or Registered Architect.o Both half and full size drawings shall be signed and sealed.• As required, drawings shall be signed and sealed. This may also involve gettingstamps or signatures from a local jurisdiction to indicate acceptance from buildingdepartment, public works, engineering, etc.RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 11 - Construction DocumentsBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 4 of 5

• Any sheets that were modified or added by addendum shall be inserted into theplan set with the original sheets removed and replaced.• If a sheet has been eliminated by addendum from the plan set, the name of the plansheet shall be stricken through in the sheet index and the phrase INTENTIONALLYOMITTED added in a bold font and the sheet removed without renumbering thesubsequent sheets in the set.• Revisions shall be noted and dated consecutively in the revisions block.11.4.0 DRAWING SCALEWhile projects vary greatly in size, a site plan for a typical bus transit facility is usuallydrawn at scales of 1 inch = 30 or 40 feet. Care must be taken when choosing the scaleof a drawing to assure that details and text will be readable on a half size drawing. Whenit is necessary to break up a plan view onto several sheets in order to obtain a workablescale, a key map shall be included on each sheet, with the appropriate sheet on the keymap being shaded in.See RTD CADD Standards for additional information regarding drawing scales and fontsizes.11.5.0 SPECIFICATIONSRTD Master Specifications will be the basis for the Technical Specifications that shall beincluded with all construction document packages. Design Engineers shall modify theseMaster Specifications to be site and project specific. Standardized examples of the MasterSpecifications can be found under a separate cover.Where RTD Master Specifications do not exist for certain items of work, the DesignEngineer shall be responsible for developing Technical Specifications (in CSI format) asrequired.11.6.0 BID PACKAGEThe Technical Specifications, approved plans and contractual terms and conditions shall beincluded with all bid packages for constructing park-n-Rides and transfer facilities.A summary of approximate planned quantities and an independent cost estimate shall beprepared, reviewed and approved prior to issuing a set of construction plans for biddingand construction. Cost estimates shall be signed and sealed by a Professional Engineer.RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 11 - Construction DocumentsBus Transit Facility Design Criteria February 2006Page 5 of 5

SECTION 12 – SYSTEM SAFETY AND SYSTEM SECURITY12.1.0 GENERAL .................................................................................................. 212.2.0 APPLICABLE STANDARDS .......................................................................... 312.3.0 DEFINITION OF SAFETY CONDITIONS .......................................................... 412.3.1 Unacceptable Conditions ............................................................................ 412.3.2 Acceptable Conditions ............................................................................... 612.4.0 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, ANALYSIS, AND RESOLUTION ............................. 712.5.0 PRELIMINARY HAZARD ANALYSIS (PHA) ..................................................... 712.6.0 SAFETY CERTIFICATION............................................................................. 812.7.0 BUS RAPID TRANSIT RIGHT-OF-WAY FENCING AND BARRIERS.................... 1012.8.0 EMERGENCY ACCESS/EGRESS, STATION DESIGN, AND WALKWAYS........... 1112.9.0 BRT GRADE CROSSINGS .......................................................................... 1212.10.0 VIDEO SURVEILLANCE ............................................................................. 1312.11.0 EMERGENCY TELEPHONES ....................................................................... 1612.12.0 CRIME PREVENTION THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN .......................... 1712.13.0 THREAT AND VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS AND RESOLUTION....................... 1812.13.1 Severity Categories ............................................................................ 1812.13.2 Transit Risk Assessment Levels ........................................................... 1912.13.3 Probability Categories......................................................................... 1912.14.0 PARK-N-RIDES, PARKING STRUCTURES, AND ENCLOSED UNDERGROUND ORBELOW GRADE TRANSIT FACILITIES ...................................................................... 2212.14.1 Surface park-n-Rides .......................................................................... 2212.14.2 Parking Structures ............................................................................. 2312.14.3 Underground and Below Grade Transit Facilities..................................... 2412.15.0 PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE RECEPTACLES...................................................... 2512.16.0 CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT ............................................................. 25RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 12 – System Safety and System SecurityBus Transit Facilities Design Criteria February 2006Page 1 of 25

12.1.0 GENERALSECTION 12 – SYSTEM SAFETY AND SYSTEM SECURITYThe design shall address system elements according to the requirements of the applicablestandards listed. Should any standard or requirement conflict, the most stringent standardshall apply. In accordance with RTD’s System Safety and System Security Program Plan,RTD’s Executive Safety and Security Committee must review and accept all design andany subsequent changes or modifications. The RTD Project Manager and/or DesignEngineer shall present design reviews to the RTD Executive Safety and SecurityCommittee for acceptance as design milestones are reached. Additionally, any deviationfrom RTD’s design criteria must be approved by RTD’s Executive Safety and SecurityCommittee, which consists of various division RTD Senior Managers (see 12.16.0).Standards, specifications, regulations, design handbooks, safety design checklists andother sources of design guidance will be reviewed for pertinent safety design requirementsapplicable to the system. The design shall establish criteria derived from all applicableinformation. Some general system safety design requirements are:• Identified hazards shall be eliminated or associated risk shall be reduced throughdesign, including material selection or substitution. When potentially hazardousmaterials must be used, such materials selected shall pose the least risk throughoutthe life cycle of the system.• Hazardous substances, components and operations shall be isolated from otheractivities, areas, personnel and incompatible materials.• Equipment shall be located so that access during operations, servicing,maintenance, repair or adjustment minimizes personnel exposure to hazards (e.g.hazardous chemicals, high voltage, electromagnetic radiation, cutting edges orsharp points).• Risk resulting from excessive environmental conditions (e.g. temperature, pressure,noise, toxicity, acceleration and vibration) shall be minimized.• Risk resulting from human error in system operation and support shall be minimizedas part of the design effort.• In the case of risk from hazards that cannot be eliminated, alternatives that willminimize such risk shall be considered. (e.g. interlocks, redundancy, fail safedesign, system protection, fire suppression and other protective measures, such asclothing, equipment, devices and procedures.)• Power sources, controls and critical components of redundant subsystems shall beprotected by physical separation or shielding, or by other suitable methods mutuallyagreeable to the design and RTD.• When alternate design approaches cannot eliminate the hazard, safety and warningdevices and warning and cautionary notes shall be provided in assembly,operations, maintenance and repair instructions, and distinctive markings shall beprovided on hazardous components, equipment and facilities to ensure personneland equipment protection. These shall be standardized in accordance withRTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 12 – System Safety and System SecurityBus Transit Facilities Design Criteria February 2006Page 2 of 25

commonly accepted commercial practice or, if none exists, normal procedures.Where no such common practice exists, the design shall propose the method ormethods to be used to RTD for review and approval. The design shall provide allwarnings, cautions and distinctive markings proposed to RTD for review andcomment.The severity of personnel injury or damage to equipment as a result of a mishap shall beminimized.Software controlled or monitored functions shall ensure minimal initiation of hazardousevents or mishaps.Design criteria shall not include inadequate or overly restrictive requirements regardingsafety. Where there is appropriate supporting information, recommend new safety criteriaas required.12.2.0 APPLICABLE STANDARDSThe design of bus transit facilities shall be in accordance with the following standards.Should the standards requirements conflict, the most stringent requirement shall apply.TABLE 12A – STANDARDSDocument Title Required (R)Guidance (G)NFPA 101 Life Safety Code RLatest Revision Americans with Disabilities Act RUniform Fire CodeLocal jurisdiction fire and building codesLatest Revision RTD’s System Safety and System SecurityProgram PlanLatest Revision RTD Safety Certification Program RLatest Revision RTD’s LRT Design Criteria Manual RMIL-STD-882DU.S. Department of Defense – Standard Practicefor System SafetyNFPA 70 National Electric Safety Code RRRRGU.S. Departmentof Transportation(DOT), FTA, latestrevisionTransit Threat Level Response RecommendationGU.S. Department Handbook for Transit Safety and Security RRTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 12 – System Safety and System SecurityBus Transit Facilities Design Criteria February 2006Page 3 of 25

Document Title Required (R)Guidance (G)of Transportation(DOT), FTA,November 2002U.S. Departmentof Transportation(DOT), January200029CFR191029CFR1926MIL-STD-1472DU.S. Departmentof Transportation(DOT), November2004CertificationHazard Analysis Guidelines for Transit ProjectsFederal Occupational Safety and Health Standards(General Industry)Federal Occupational Safety and Health Standards(Construction Industry)Human Engineering Design Criteria for MilitarySystems, Equipment and FacilitiesTransit Security Design Considerations12.3.0 DEFINITION OF SAFETY CONDITIONS12.3.1 Unacceptable ConditionsThe following safety critical conditions are considered unacceptable.Positive action and implementation verification is required to reduce the riskto an acceptable level.• Single component failure, common mode failure, human error ordesign features, which could cause a mishap of catastrophic orcritical severity.• Dual independent component failures, dual human errors or acombination of a component failure and a human error involvingsafety critical command and control functions, which could cause amishap of catastrophic or critical severity.• Generation of hazardous ionizing/non-ionizing radiation or energywhen no provisions have been made to protect personnel or sensitivesubsystems from damage or adverse effects.• Packaging or handling procedures and characteristics which couldcause a mishap for which no controls have been provided to protectpersonnel or sensitive equipment.• Hazard level categories that are specified as unacceptable.Unacceptable hazardous conditions will be identified according to the hazardRTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 12 – System Safety and System SecurityBus Transit Facilities Design Criteria February 2006Page 4 of 25GRRGR

esolution matrix. Hazard classification at this level is a formal process fordetermining which hazards are acceptable, acceptable with review bymanagement staff, undesirable or unacceptable. Hazard severity is asubjective measure of the worst credible mishap resulting from personnelerror, environmental conditions, design inadequacies and/or proceduralefficiencies for system, subsystem or component failure or malfunction.Hazard probability is defined as the probability that a specific hazard willoccur during the planned life expectancy of the system element, subsystemor component. The categories of hazard severity, hazard probability andtheir definitions follow:Hazard Severity Definition• Catastrophic – Death or system loss• Critical – Severe injury, severe occupational illness or major systemdamage• Marginal – Minor injury, minor occupational illness or minor systemdamage• Negligible – Less then minor injury, occupational illness or systemdamageHazard Probability Definition• Frequent − Likely to occur frequently; continuously experienced• Probable − Will occur several times in the life of an item; will occurfrequently in fleet/inventory• Occasional − Likely to occur sometime in the life of an item; willoccur several times in fleet inventory• Remote − Unlikely but possible to occur in the life of an item; unlikelybut can be expected to occur in fleet/inventory• Improbable − So unlikely, it can be assumed occurrence may not beexperienced; unlikely to occur, but possible in fleetThe following table (of the RTD System Safety and System SecurityProgram Plan) demonstrates the relationship between severity andprobability to define an unacceptable hazardous condition.RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 12 – System Safety and System SecurityBus Transit Facilities Design Criteria February 2006Page 5 of 25

TABLE 12B – HAZARD RESOLUTION MATRIXFrequent (A)Probable (B)Occasional(C)Remote (D)Improbable(E)Catastrophic(I)Critical(II)Marginal(III)Negligible(IV)Unacceptable Unacceptable Unacceptable Acceptable/WRUnacceptable Unacceptable Undesirable Acceptable/WRUnacceptable Undesirable Undesirable AcceptableUndesirable Undesirable Acceptable/WRAcceptable/WRAcceptable/WRAcceptable/WRAcceptableAcceptableAcceptable/WR means acceptable with management review.12.3.2 Acceptable ConditionsThe following approaches are considered acceptable for correctingunacceptable conditions and will require no further analysis once controllingactions are implemented and verified.• For non-safety critical command and control functions; a systemdesign that requires two or more independent human errors, or thatrequires two or more independent failures, or a combination ofindependent failure and human error.• For safety critical command and control functions; a system designthat requires at least three independent failures, or three humanerrors or a combination of three independent failures and humanerrors.• System designs which positively prevent errors in assembly,installation or connections which could result in a mishap.• System designs, which positively prevent damage propagation fromone component to another or prevent sufficient energy propagation tocause a mishap.• System design limitations on operation, interaction or sequencing thatpreclude occurrence of a mishap.• System designs that provide an approved safety factor or fixeddesign allowance which limit, to an acceptable level, possibilities ofstructural failure or release of energy sufficient to cause a mishap.• System designs that control energy build-up which could potentiallycause a mishap (fuses, relief valves, electrical explosion proofing,etc.).RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 12 – System Safety and System SecurityBus Transit Facilities Design Criteria February 2006Page 6 of 25

• System designs in which component failure can be temporarilytolerated because of residual strength or alternate operating paths sothat operations can continue with a reduced but acceptable safetymargin.• System designs that positively alert the controlling personnel to ahazardous situation for which the capability for operator reaction hasbeen provided.• System designs which limit/control the use of hazardous materials.12.4.0 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, ANALYSIS, AND RESOLUTIONThe Design Engineer shall develop and implement a Hazard Identification, Analysis, andResolution process in accordance with the minimum criteria outlined in this section. Thepurpose of hazard analysis and resolution during the design and engineering phase of theproject is several fold: to minimize or eliminate potential hazards; support early hazardidentification; integrate safe operating procedures into system design and service; andprovide for constant and continuous safety evaluation and assessment.The Design Engineer shall use the requirements established in the following documents:• APTA Guideline’s Hazard Resolution Matrix, American Public TransitAssociation, Manual for the Development of Bus System Safety Program Plans;• Military Standard 882D (MIL-STD-882D); and• Hazard Analysis Guidelines for Transit Projects, January 2000, U.S. Departmentof Transportation.Subsequent to performing the initial hazard analysis, the Design Engineer shall recommendresolution or mitigation factors to reduce the classification of identified hazards andreclassify identified hazards considering the recommended resolution.In applying resolution to identified hazards, the Design Engineer shall utilize the followingsystem safety precedence:• design for minimum risk• incorporate safety devices• provide warning devices; and• develop procedures and training12.5.0 PRELIMINARY HAZARD ANALYSIS (PHA)The Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA) activity is the engineering function, which isperformed to identify the hazards and their preliminary casual factors of the system indevelopment. The hazards are formally documented to include information regarding thedescription of the hazard, casual factors, the effects of the hazard, and preliminary designconsiderations for hazard control by mitigating each cause. Performing the analysisincludes assessing hazardous components, safety-related interfaces between subsystems,environmental constraints, operation, test and support activities, emergency procedures,RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 12 – System Safety and System SecurityBus Transit Facilities Design Criteria February 2006Page 7 of 25

test and support facilities, and safety-related equipment and safeguards.The analysis also provides an initial assessment of hazard severity and probability ofoccurrence. The probability assessment at this point is usually subjective and qualitative.To support the tasks and activities of a safety effort, the “causes” of the root hazard mustbe assessed and analyzed. These causes should be separated in four separate categories:• Hardware initiated causes• Software initiated causes• Human error initiated causes• Human error causes that were influenced by software input to the user/operatorThe Design Engineer shall conduct a PHA process for the project design. PHA work shallbegin upon project initiation and continue throughout the project. The Design Engineershall provide PHA progress reports according to a mutually agreeable schedule. TheDesign Engineer shall provide a draft and final PHA report on the preliminary engineering.Subsequent to the preliminary engineering, the Design Engineer shall conduct a draft andfinal PHA report on the final design.The PHA document itself is a living document, which must be revised and updated as thesystem design and development progresses. It becomes the input document andinformation for all other hazard analyses performed on the system.12.6.0 SAFETY CERTIFICATIONSafety certification is the process of verifying that system elements comply with a formallist of safety requirements. The requirements are defined by design criteria, contractrequirements, applicable codes and industry safety standards. The Design Engineer shalldevelop a preliminary list of safety certifiable items and associated design requirementsbased on the preliminary engineering. The safety certification process shall apply to allelements of the system. Separate programs shall be developed, for light rail, forcommuter rail and for BRT, as appropriate.The Design Engineer shall identify those system elements and design standards to complywith the major steps in the safety certification process. These steps are implementedbeginning with system design and continue through the start of revenue operation.• Define and identify those safety-critical system elements to be certified• Define and identify those security-related elements to be certified• Define and develop a Certifiable Items List (CIL)• Identify safety and security requirements for each certifiable item• Verify and document design compliance with the safety and securityrequirementsThe Design Engineer shall define and identify certifiable items relating to the elementslisted in the following table.RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 12 – System Safety and System SecurityBus Transit Facilities Design Criteria February 2006Page 8 of 25

Safety Certifiable Elements (minimum)1. Systems ElementsBuses and BRT VehiclesCommunications - Central Control System (CCS)Comm- Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition (SCADA)Ticket Vending Machines (TVM)Maintenance VehiclesSignaling - Bus ControlBus WayBus Way Signals, Gates, Crossings, Entrances and ExitsFire Protection & Suppression SystemsAuxiliary VehiclesGrade Crossing Fixtures & Traffic Control SystemEmergency Response EquipmentIntrusion Detection SystemSignageTunnel Ventilation Control System (if req.)2. Facility ElementsTunnelStructuresBus WayEach StationEach at grade crossingEach at grade crossing within each stationGarages/Parking LotsEach Park-n-RideControl or Dispatch CenterMaintenance FacilityArt in Transit3. Security ElementsRTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 12 – System Safety and System SecurityBus Transit Facilities Design Criteria February 2006Page 9 of 25

Video Surveillance (CCTV)Parking Structure designPark-n-Ride designIncorporation of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design(CPTED) applied to entire designStation designEmergency Telephones (and Radio)Lighting – Stations, patron areas, park-n-RidesSecurity of stairwells and elevatorsAccess ControlPortal ProtectionEach certifiable item shall have an associated checklist or verification form consisting of aminimum of two major sections with the following minimum requirements.Section 1 -- Design Requirements and Design VerificationThe Design Engineer shall Identify and define each certifiable item, designrequirement(s), requirement source, applicability, and provide name and signature ofperson and Design Engineer responsible for identifying element and definingrequirements. The Design Engineer shall separately verify design requirements andprovide name and signature of person and Design Engineer responsible forconcurrence for design review. For each certifiable item, the Design shall define abasis from which to judge compliance with safety requirements.The Design Engineer shall verify that design complies with identified requirementsand supporting documentation, and shall provide name and signature of personresponsible and Design Engineer responsible for design verification.Section 2 -- Construction VerificationThe Design Engineer shall supply a signature section on the form or checklist forfuture verification that construction complies with design through inspection,testing and the provision of documentation to serve as evidence that constructioncomplies with design.12.7.0 BUS RAPID TRANSIT RIGHT-OF-WAY FENCING AND BARRIERSRight-of-Way (ROW) fencing and/or barriers shall be provided along the entire BRTalignment. The fencing and barriers shall be designed to address the following:• act as a safety barrier to prevent vehicles, trucks, and other highway/roadwayusers from accidentally entering the BRT envelope;• shall be of sufficient height to prevent trespass;RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 12 – System Safety and System SecurityBus Transit Facilities Design Criteria February 2006Page 10 of 25

• shall be designed to prevent debris and roadway snow removal activity (snowplows throwing slush, ice and other debris) from entering BRT envelope and transitstation areas; and• shall incorporate safety considerations on elevated sections with respect to fallprotection and providing adequate space for maintenance-of-way workers.There may be areas where different fencing or barriers may be more appropriate andaesthetic. In these areas, the fencing and/or barrier design shall be determined on a caseby case basis and the design shall be accepted by the RTD System Safety ProjectManager. Where different types of fencing/barriers connect, e.g. at-grade to elevatedtransition points, or at-grade to retaining wall transition points, the design shallaccommodate a seamless transition accommodating the integrity of the fence/barrier. Forexample, a section of ROW may have a three foot jersey barrier with a six foot fence (totalheight nine feet) that meets up to a three foot MSE wall with a three foot fence (totalheight six feet). The fencing shall be designed so it tapers from the higher requirement tothe lower requirement and meets the performance requirement of this section. No gapsbetween transitions are allowed. For example, if the fencing/barrier terminates at a bridgemonument, the fencing shall be attached to the monument.12.8.0 EMERGENCY ACCESS/EGRESS, STATION DESIGN, AND WALKWAYSThe design shall include emergency access and egress points along the transit way usingNFPA 130 as guidance. The design shall identify emergency access and egress locationsand shall provide a list or matrix of the necessary elements to be provided at each exit,such as lighting, signage, lock hardware, intrusion detection, and other elements asrequired by NFPA 130 and local jurisdictions. The design shall incorporate a preliminaryemergency evacuation plan and diagrams for the transit way, including each station,identifying primary and secondary evacuation routes and points of safety.BRT station design shall meet the “Means of Egress” requirements for stations asidentified in NFPA 130. The Design Engineer shall provide a draft and final Means ofEgress Report for all BRT stations documenting that station design meets or exceeds allcriteria listed in NFPA 130. The report shall include all calculations, supportingdocumentation, engineering drawings and other information necessary to demonstratecompliance with NFPA 130. For calculation of occupant load, the Design Engineer shalluse projected ridership figures or maximum capacities based on the operating plan(s).Each station shall have a minimum of two main access/egress points remotely locatedfrom one another. There shall be sufficient exit lanes to evacuate the station occupantload, as defined in NFPA 130, from the station platform in 4 minutes or less. Themaximum travel distance to an exit from any point on the platform shall not exceed 300feet. Stations shall also be designed to permit evacuation from the most remote point onthe platform to a point of safety in 6 minutes or less.The design shall incorporate a walk surface or other suitable means for passengers toevacuate a bus at any point along the transit way so that they can proceed to the neareststation or other point of safety per NFPA requirements.RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 12 – System Safety and System SecurityBus Transit Facilities Design Criteria February 2006Page 11 of 25

12.9.0 BRT GRADE CROSSINGSThe design shall incorporate approaches that minimize hazards and risks to bus transit,pedestrians, bicyclists and motor vehicle operators. The primary method to minimizegrade crossing hazards is to eliminate at grade crossings or minimize the number of atgrade BRT crossings.Where planning and design does not allow for the elimination of an at grade crossing, thefollowing system safety precedence shall be applied: design for minimum risk, incorporatesafety devices, and provide warning devices. A combination of active grade crossingwarning devices and passive warning devices is preferred to solely using passive warningdevices. Active warning devices include: gates, bells, flashing lights and grade crossingindicators for train operators. Passive warning devices include signage and pavementmarkings.Design of each at grade crossing shall be subject to the circumstances of that crossingand its relation to the transit corridor. In considering appropriate control and warningdevices, consideration shall be given to the following: type of alignment (exclusive, semiexclusive,or shared ROW); configuration and geometry of crossing (angled or mid-blockcrossing; operating speed of all users; line of sight of all users; pedestrian activity; schoolzone; and extreme surges (pedestrians and vehicles).To enhance pedestrian and bicycle safety at crossings, consideration shall be given to theuse of channeling. The purpose of channeling is to create a physical barrier that preventsor discourages persons from taking shortcuts or from crossing the track way in a risky orunauthorized manner. Effective channeling may be developed through the use of fencing,landscaping, bollard and chain, railing, sidewalks or other methods. In all cases, achanneling method that enhances sight lines to an approaching train shall be selected.Additional elements that may improve pedestrian and bicycle safety at crossings include:swing gates, pedestrian barriers, and automatic pedestrian gates. The purpose of a swinggate is to slow persons who are hurriedly approaching the track way. Swing gateoperation depends upon the judgment of the individual. It is not electrically interconnectedinto approaching train or vehicular traffic signal systems. Swing gates may be appropriatewhere:• There is a high likelihood that persons will hurriedly cross the track way, or sightlines and distance are restricted, and• Channeling or other barriers reasonably prevent persons from bypassing the swinggates, and• Acceptable provisions for opening the gates by disabled persons can be provided.Swing gates shall open away from the tracks. Pedestrians shall pull the gate to open itand enter the track way. Gates shall also permit quick exit from the track way,automatically close after use, and be light and easy to operate by all persons.RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 12 – System Safety and System SecurityBus Transit Facilities Design Criteria February 2006Page 12 of 25

Pedestrian barriers are also intended to slow persons who are hurriedly approaching thetrack way. Major advantages of barriers are that there are no operating parts to maintain,and that disabled persons are less impeded. Pedestrian barriers may be appropriate where:• There is a high likelihood that persons will hurriedly cross the track way, or sightlines and distance are restricted, and• Channeling or other barriers reasonably prevent persons from bypassing thebarriers, and• Adequate space is available to accommodate installation.Barrier positioning shall accommodate use by disabled persons and be positioned sopersons are turned to face the nearest on-coming train prior to crossing the track way.Automatic pedestrian gates prevent or discourage a pedestrian or bicyclist from crossingthe track way when a train is approaching. Automatic pedestrian gates are electricallyinterconnected into and activated by the train signal system. Automatic pedestrian gatesmay be considered in situations where the use of swing gates and barriers may not beeffective due to train speeds and severely limited sight distance.All gated grade crossings shall have video surveillance per the requirements of Section12.10.0 Video Surveillance. Each gated grade crossing shall have two cameras.12.10.0 VIDEO SURVEILLANCEThe design shall incorporate video surveillance into the project. The video surveillancesystem shall be capable of transmitting real-time (30 frames per second per camera) videoto RTD’s Security Command Center via a fiber optic transmission backbone or othersuitable transmission network. The design shall include all system elements includingcommunication houses, transmission infrastructure, color cameras, and digital videorecorders. The design shall incorporate video surveillance covering station platforms,emergency telephones, elevator waiting areas, stairwell entries, parking structures,pedestrian tunnels and pedestrian bridges. The minimum number of cameras to providecoverage of these transit elements is as follows.TABLE 12C – MINIMUM CAMERA COVERAGESingle level at grade station (LRT & BRT) platform of 300 feet or less *Platform type Fixed color camera Pan-Tilt-Zoom color cameraCenter platform 4 2Side/ center platform 6 2Side/Side platform 4 4Triple platformwith two centers)(side10 3RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 12 – System Safety and System SecurityBus Transit Facilities Design Criteria February 2006Page 13 of 25

*For stations with vertical circulation, the minimum number of cameras is as statedabove plus: one fixed color camera per elevator waiting area per floor, one fixed colorcamera per stairwell entry per floor, and one fixed color camera per each emergencytelephone.*For stations greater than 300 feet in length additional cameras will be required. Theexact number will be dependent on the station design.TABLE 12D – PARKING STRUCTURE CAMERASVehiclespacesVehicleentranceVehicleexitElevatorwaitingarea*Stairwellentrancearea*Emergencytelephone*1 cameraper 35vehiclespaces1 cameraper vehicleentrancelane1 cameraper vehicleexit lane1 cameraper waitingarea perfloor1camera perentrancearea perfloor1camera peremergencytelephone*Subject to approval by the RTD Security Systems Administrator, if the designaccommodates a cluster of the elevator waiting area, stairwell entrance, andemergency telephone, a single camera may be used if the video coverage of all threeelements is satisfactory.**All parking structure cameras are color, pan-tilt-zoom.TABLE 12E – PEDESTRIAN TUNNEL CAMERASPedestrian Tunnel*(all cameras are color, pan-tilt-zoom, 4 cameras minimum per tunnel)1 camera focused on each portalentrance/exit (2 cameras)1 camera inside each tunnel portalentrance/exit focused inside the tunnel(2 cameras)*For tunnels in excess of 150 feet, additional cameras will be required. If a tunnel hasa bend or turn, additional cameras will be required. The RTD Security SystemsAdministrator will determine the number of additional cameras necessary for coverage.TABLE 12F – PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE CAMERASPedestrian Bridge(all cameras are color, pan-tilt-zoom, 2 cameras minimum per bridge)1 camera inside each bridge portal entrance/exit focused inside the tunnel*For bridges in excess of 150 feet, additional cameras will be required. If a bridge hasRTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 12 – System Safety and System SecurityBus Transit Facilities Design Criteria February 2006Page 14 of 25

a bend or turn, additional cameras will be required. The RTD Security SystemsAdministrator will determine the number of additional cameras necessary for coverage.Surface park-n-Rides will typically not have video surveillance installed for opening day.However, a minimum network of two, two-inch conduits with pull cords shall be providedas follows for future video installation; one for power and one for communications. Aslight poles are installed and trenching is done to supply power to these poles, theseconduits, shall be installed at each light pole for security. These conduits are of sufficientsize to hold any wiring that might be needed for camera installation. Poles in a commonarea, such as on an island, shall be wired in series (daisy chained). From each commonarea, the pole closest to the security room shall have a conduit run directly into thesecurity room where the conduits shall stub up. The diameter of the conduit used for thisrun shall be sufficient to support all poles in that daisy chain. The conduit layout shall bedesigned to ensure that all poles, either directly or via daisy chain, stub up into thesecurity room.TABLE 12G – SURFACE PARK-N-RIDE CAMERASSurface park-n-rideVehicle spaces Vehicle entrance Vehicle exitPan-tilt-zoomcolor camera*1 fixed colorcamera per 25vehicle spaces1 pan-tilt-zoomcolor camera pervehicle entrancelane1 pan-tilt-zoomcolor camera pervehicle exit laneMinimum of 1camera, than 1camera per 250spaces*In addition to the network of fixed cameras, each park-n-Ride shall have a minimumof one pan-tilt-zoom color camera, then 1 additional camera per 250 vehicle spaces.All camera locations shall be presented to RTD’s Security Systems Administrator forreview and acceptance.The video surveillance system shall be consistent with existing RTD equipment includingdigital video recorders, switches, routers, cameras and operating system. The systemshall be capable of providing real time video (30 full frames per second per camera) atRTD’s Security Command Center. The system shall record images consistent with RTD’sexisting system at 15 full frames per second per camera, and shall provide recordedarchive storage of two weeks (14 days) at 15 full frames per second per camera.RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 12 – System Safety and System SecurityBus Transit Facilities Design Criteria February 2006Page 15 of 25

12.11.0 EMERGENCY TELEPHONESThe design shall incorporate emergency telephones into the project. The emergencytelephones shall be consistent with existing RTD units and meet performance requirementsof RTD’s existing emergency telephone network. The design shall incorporate emergencytelephones covering station platforms, elevator waiting areas, stairwell entries, parkingstructures, park-n-Rides, pedestrian tunnels and pedestrian bridges. Emergency telephonesshall be placed as follows.TABLE 12H – EMERGENCY TELEPHONES AT STATIONSSingle level at grade station platform* (LRT & BRT)Platform typeEmergency telephonesCenter platform 1Side/ center platform 1Side/Side platform 2Triple platform(side with two centers)* For stations with vertical circulation, one additional emergency telephone shall beplaced per floor.TABLE 12I - EMERGENCY TELEPHONES AT PARKING STRUCTURESParking Structure2Elevator waiting area*1 emergency telephone per waitingarea per floorStairwell entrance area*1 emergency telephone per stairwellentrance area per floor (if twostairwells, then 2 ET’s per floor, etc.)Subject to approval by the RTD Security Systems Administrator, if the designaccommodates the elevator waiting area and stairwell entrance being adjacent to oneanother, a single emergency telephone may be used for that location.For surface park-n-Rides, a minimum of one emergency telephone shall be placed in thedesign, and then one additional emergency telephone per each 300 spaces. Thisplacement and frequency of emergency phones shall be coordinated with RTD during theconcept and preliminary engineering design.If pedestrian overpasses or underpasses are incorporated into design, a minimum of oneemergency telephone shall be provided for each overpass/underpass. If the overpass orbridge is isolated from other transit elements, additional emergency telephones may benecessary.RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 12 – System Safety and System SecurityBus Transit Facilities Design Criteria February 2006Page 16 of 25

The emergency telephone when activated shall connect to 911 and also send notificationand audible listening capability to RTD rail control and RTD Security Command Center.Installed Emergency Telephones shall be constructed pursuant to a minimum NEMA 3Rrating (see below) and be Underwriter Laboratory and FCC approved and ADA compliant.The phones shall draw power from the phone line and require no additional power lineattachments. The phones shall be capable of off-site live monitoring of emergencyconversations. The emergency phones shall be part of a networked management systemthat is operated by a PC, XP Windows compatible or newer. The software managementsystem will:• Establish an automatic connection with each phone on a prearranged schedule.Phones will be tested at least one time in every twenty-four hours. The connectionshall be initiated either by the PC or the telephone.• Print an exception report at designated intervals highlighting use and malfunctions.• Archive and maintain all reporting both of normal functioning and malfunctions.• Log and archive all call activity at each phone.• Identify all call activity by date and time, type of activity, and location of datawithin memory.• Establish Automatic Maintenance Monitoring which reports stuck buttons, powerinterruption, microprocessor testing, call interrupt, handset integrity andfunctioning, handset off hook notification and phone line current.NEMA 3R – Enclosures constructed for either indoor or outdoor use to provide a degree ofprotection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment; to providea degree of protection against falling dirt, rain, sleet, snow, and that will be undamaged bythe external formation of ice on the enclosure. Phones will operate in a temperature rangeof -40˚C to +60˚C.All emergency telephone locations will be presented to RTD’s Security SystemsAdministrator for review and acceptance.12.12.0 CRIME PREVENTION THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGNThe design shall incorporate Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED)strategies to the entire design. The purpose of CPTED is to minimize potential threats andvulnerabilities to the transit system, facilities and patrons and maximize safety andsecurity through engineering and design. Good CPTED strategies include: maximizingvisibility of people, parking areas, patron flow areas and building/structure areas; providingadequate lighting minimizing shadows; graffiti guards; Mylar shatter guard protection forglass windows; landscape plantings that maximize visibility; gateway treatments;decorative fencing; perimeter control; fencing; minimizing park-n-ride and parking structureaccess points; elimination of structural hiding places; open lines of sight; visible stairwellsRTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 12 – System Safety and System SecurityBus Transit Facilities Design Criteria February 2006Page 17 of 25

and elevators meaning the exterior walls are constructed of transparent material; andpainting with light.Examples of CPTED strategy include:• Adequate lighting of all areas appropriate for their use including perimeter lighting inpark-n-Rides so the edge of the park-n-Ride is illuminated the same as the rest ofthe park-n-Ride (refer to station design criteria for lighting levels).• When using shrubs, use species with a maximum height or spread that willminimize visibility obstructions. The preliminary design shall be approved by RTDprior to final design and implementation.• When using trees, use deciduous trees with branches no lower than six feet fromground surface.The design shall incorporate CPTED strategies into the Threat and Vulnerability Analysisand Resolution process described in the following section, 12.13.0 Threat andVulnerability Analysis and Resolution.12.13.0 THREAT AND VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS AND RESOLUTIONThe design shall incorporate a Threat and Vulnerability Analysis and Resolution process inaccordance with the minimum criteria outlined in this section. A risk assessment is acomprehensive study of a system to identify those components most vulnerable todisruption or destruction and to assess the likely impact that such disruption or destructionwould have on passengers, employees, and the RTD system. Threat and vulnerabilityanalysis (TVA) work shall begin upon project initiation and continue throughout theproject. The design shall incorporate TVA progress reports according to a mutuallyagreeable schedule. The design shall include a draft and final TVA report on thepreliminary engineering. The TVA document itself is a living document, which must berevised and updated as the system design and development progresses. It becomes theinput document and information for all other TVA performed on the system.The process shall assign values to design elements based on their criticality to the transitsystem operations. The four level risk classification system listed below will be used toassess risk levels.12.13.1 Severity CategoriesSee Section 12.3.1, Hazard Severity Definitions.RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 12 – System Safety and System SecurityBus Transit Facilities Design Criteria February 2006Page 18 of 25

12.13.2 Transit Risk Assessment LevelsTABLE 12J - TRANSIT RISK ASSESSMENT LEVELSCategory1234CharacteristicLoss of life, loss of critical information, loss of criticalassets, significant impairment of mission, loss of systemSevere injury to employee or other individual, loss ofinformation and physical equipment resulting fromundetected or unacceptable mission delays, unacceptablesystem and operations unauthorized access, disruptionMinor injury not requiring hospitalization, undetected ordelay in the detection of unauthorized entry resulting inlimited access to assets or sensitive materials, no missionimpairment, minor system and operations disruptionLess than minor injury, undetected or delay in thedetection of unauthorized entry system or operationsdisruption12.13.3 Probability CategoriesTABLE 12K – PROBABILITY CATEGORIESCategory Level Specific EventA Certain Possibility of Repeated IncidentsBCHighlyProbableModeratelyProbablePossibility of Isolated IncidentsPossibility of Occurring SometimeD Improbable Practically ImpossibleThe design shall incorporate a risk and vulnerability assessment to determineany potential hazards or high-risk areas. The table below is an example ofthe type of assessment to determine risk and vulnerability.RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 12 – System Safety and System SecurityBus Transit Facilities Design Criteria February 2006Page 19 of 25

TABLE 12L - ASSESSMENT OF RISK & VULNERABILITY (RAIL)PublicTransportationAssetsCriticalityPeopleCriticalitySystemTransit Centers &StationsHigh Potentially High 2RailTrack/TrackStructure/SignalsLow Potentially High 2Cars High 1MaintenanceYardsLowMediumSwitching Stations Low MediumElectric PowerSource for System Medium HighSubstations Low MediumCommand ControlCenterRevenueCollection CenterLow 3Low 3HighMediumBridges Medium Medium 2Tunnels Medium Medium 2Fans Low MediumVents Low MediumEmergencyHatchesLowMediumRTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 12 – System Safety and System SecurityBus Transit Facilities Design Criteria February 2006Page 20 of 25

TABLE 12M - ASSESSMENT OF RISK & VULNERABILITY (BUS)PublicTransportationAssetsCriticalityPeopleCriticalitySystemBus Terminals High 1 Potentially High 2Bus Vehicles High 1 LowBus Stops/Shelters Medium LowMaintenanceGaragesFuelFacilityStorageCommand ControlCenterRevenueCollection CenterLow 3LowLow 3Low 3MediumHighHighMedium1 Depends on what time of day incident occurs. Greater impact wouldbe experienced during rush hour than non-rush hours2 Depends on location in the system where an incident occurs. Anincident at a crossover or main junction would have greater impactthan one at an outlying station or track segment. Also depend on thealternatives available, such as redundancies, rerouting capabilities,and other factors.3 Affects employees onlyThe design process shall identify any threats that have been located. Theseidentified threats could include,• Criminal Activity• Terrorism• Natural disasters• Emergency ResponseIdentified risks and hazards shall be resolved to acceptable levels. Thematrix below provides a source for mitigating hazards based on frequency ofoccurrence and severity. The matrix condenses risk resolution into a tableand prioritizes the risks that are evaluated.RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 12 – System Safety and System SecurityBus Transit Facilities Design Criteria February 2006Page 21 of 25

TABLE 12N – SEVERITY OF LOSSAssessedRatingABCDProbabilityof LossCertainHighlyProbableModeratelyProbableImprobable11A. 1B. 1C. 2A.2D. 2C. 2D. 3B.2VerySerious3D. 4A. 4B. 4C. Acceptable3CatastrophicModeratelySerious4NotSeriousUnacceptable: ImplementCountermeasures to ReduceAcceptable with ManagementReviewThe design shall present several options to the RTD in order to decrease thehazards located in the assessment. These options shall be based on thesystem security precedence:• Design the system to eliminate the risk• Design the system to control the risk• Add safety or security devices to control the risk• Add warning devices to control the risk, and• Institute special procedures or training to control the risk.12.14.0 PARK-N-RIDES, PARKING STRUCTURES, AND ENCLOSED UNDERGROUND ORBELOW GRADE TRANSIT FACILITIES12.14.1 Surface park-n-RidesIn addition to the items already listed in this chapter, design for surface parkn-Ridesshall consider safety and security of patrons and the protection ofproperty. Park-n-Ride design shall incorporate good visibility throughout thepark-n-Ride, and good visibility from surrounding streets into the park-n-Ridefor patrols by law enforcement and security personnel.The use of landscaping shall consider maximizing visibility and eliminatingRTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 12 – System Safety and System SecurityBus Transit Facilities Design Criteria February 2006Page 22 of 25

hiding places and shadows. Shrubs shall not impede visibility in height andtrees shall bear no branches below 6 feet from ground surface. Evergreentrees shall only be used on a limited basis and shall be placed in such amanner that hiding spaces and visual obstructions are not created.Landscape placement shall be subject to approval by the RTD SecuritySystems Administrator.Adequate and appropriate lighting is the single most effective deterrent forminimizing crime at park-n-Rides. Lighting shall be provided in accordancewith the criteria provided in Section 9 of this Manual. The design shalladdress perimeter lighting by including placement of light poles around theperimeter of the park-n-Ride.The control and design of park-n-Ride entrances and exits is important tomaintaining security of park-n-Rides. Entrances and exits shall be limited toas few as practically possible to control access and egress from the park-n-Ride site and minimize the number of entrance and exit cameras. Tocompliment the effective use of video surveillance, traffic calming features(i.e. speed bumps) shall be considered at entrances and exits on a case-bycasebasis to slow the vehicles as they enter and exit to allow adequate timefor automobile license plates to be captured by video surveillance. Wherespeed bumps are used for this purposes, they shall include two speed bumpsseparated by one and one half standard vehicle lengths.12.14.2 Parking StructuresIn addition to the items already listed in this chapter, design for parkingstructures shall consider safety and security of patrons and the protection ofproperty. Parking structure design shall incorporate good visibilitythroughout the structure, and good visibility from surrounding streets intothe structure for patrols by law enforcement and security personnel. Wallsinside the structure shall be limited to increase visibility and minimize hidingplaces throughout the structure. Openings in interior walls between levels orramps shall be protected by mesh or chain link fencing. Openings in exteriorwalls at the ground level and at below grade level shall be protected bymesh, chain link fence or other treatment to prevent pedestrians fromentering or exiting the structure through these openings.The control and design of parking structure entrances and exits is importantto maintaining security of the structures. Entrances and exits shall belimited to as few as practically possible to control access and egress fromthe structure and minimize the number of entrance and exit cameras.Stairwell and elevator design shall maximize the interior visibility of thestairwell, elevator and elevator shaft. Materials of wall construction forthese elements shall be transparent such as glass and allow visibility from atleast three sides.RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 12 – System Safety and System SecurityBus Transit Facilities Design Criteria February 2006Page 23 of 25

Each parking structure shall include a security room/office for security or lawenforcement personnel.Parking structures shall have minimum lighting levels of 5 foot candlesmeasured at pavement.12.14.3 Underground and Below Grade Transit FacilitiesEnclosed, underground and below grade transit facilities present uniquesecurity design challenges. Design of these facilities shall maximize patronsafety and security by the inclusion of counterterrorism measures. Eachenclosed, underground or below grade facility shall be covered by videosurveillance including: its perimeter; portals, entrances and exits; its interior;and fare vending areas. Patron station areas in these facilities shall bedesigned as paid fare zones. Thus, patron circulation design shall considerthe availability to purchase fare media prior to entering the paid fare zones.Where facilities serve more than one mode of transportation, the design shallincorporate a means to physically separate modal areas using automaticdoors. Each modal area shall also have a separate ventilation system. Thisdesign shall allow one modal area to operate in the event of a major incidentoccurring in an adjacent modal area and prevent cross contamination.Facility access control is an important aspect of design and shall be designedas follows. All access points (entrances and exits) to the facility and allinterior doors shall be controlled by proximity reader access control. Theproximity reader access control system shall be a Lenel system as currentlyinstalled at RTD facilities and shall be networked into the existing system.All access points or portals capable of accommodating a motor vehicle shallbe equipped with automatic portal protection that will prevent unauthorizedvehicles from entering the facility. The portal protection shall have a K-12rating, shall include a guard shack, and shall be located at a minimumdistance of 150 feet from the facility entry portal. Portals for train accessshall include intrusion detection capable of distinguishing between anauthorized train and any other unauthorized vehicle or person attempting togain access through the train portal. Intrusion detection alarm notificationshall be sent to light rail central control and RTD Security Command Center.The facility design shall incorporate a means to establish a vehiclecheckpoint at a minimum distance of 150 feet from each facility vehicleentry portal.The design shall protect the facility from progressive collapse. In the eventof an internal explosion, the design shall prevent progressive collapse due tothe loss of one primary column. Column design shall consider sizing,reinforcement or protection so that the threat charge will not cause thecolumn to be critically damaged.Loading docks and shipping/receiving areas are prohibited in undergroundRTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 12 – System Safety and System SecurityBus Transit Facilities Design Criteria February 2006Page 24 of 25

and below grade facilities. All deliveries shall be accommodated for at theexterior of the facility above grade.Each enclosed, underground or below grade facility shall include a securityroom/office for security or law enforcement personnel.12.15.0 PUBLICLY ACCESSIBLE RECEPTACLESPublicly accessible receptacles are any receptacle with a void space that the public canaccess. Examples include but are not limited to trash receptacles, bike lockers, andnewsracks. Placement of publicly accessible receptacles shall be subject to threat andvulnerability analysis and shall not be placed within 250 feet of a station, station area orpatron gathering area for outside locations. An exception is the use of an explosionresistant trash receptacle. An explosion resistant trash receptacle shall be capable ofcontaining an explosion of four (4) pounds of TNT or the C4 equivalent and shall be thirdparty tested or certified. For enclosed areas, underground, or below grade transit stations,facilities, structures and tunnels, placement of publicly accessible receptacles is strictlyprohibited. In parking structures, placement of publicly accessible receptacles is strictlyprohibited.12.16.0 CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENTAny change or deviation to this design criteria must be approved by RTD’s ExecutiveSafety and Security Committee. All project design shall be reviewed and acceptedthrough a signature process by the following personnel: Assistant General Manager, BusOperations; Sr. Manager of Engineering; and Manager, Public Safety. The signaturereview and acceptance procedure shall be applied at each design phase or milestone. Anychange to an accepted design, shall also be subject to a signature review and acceptanceprocess by the same personnel.RTD Design Guidelines & CriteriaSection 12 – System Safety and System SecurityBus Transit Facilities Design Criteria February 2006Page 25 of 25