French Grammar Book - Ferndown Middle School

VocabulaireetStructures

Les Chiffres50. zéro1. un2. deux3. trois4. quatre5. cinq6. six7. sept8. huit9. neuf10. dix11. onze12. douze13. treize14. quatorze15. quinze16. seize17. dix-sept18. dix-huit19. dix-neuf20. vingt21. vingt et un22. vingt-deux23. vingt-trois24. vingt-quatre25. vingt-cinq26. vingt-six27. vingt-sept28. vingt-huit29. vingt-neuf30. trente31. trente et un32. trente-deux33. trente-trois34. trente-quatre35. trente-cinq36. trente-six37. trente-sept38. trente-huit39. trente-neuf40. quarante50. cinquante60. soixante

Les Chiffres670. soixante-dix71. soixante et onze72. soixante-douze73. soixante-treize74. soixante-quatorze75. soixante-quinze76. soixante-seize77. soixante-dix-sept78. soixante-dix-huit79. soixante-dix-neuf80. quatre-vingts81. quatre-vingt-un82. quatre-vingt-deux83. quatre-vingt-trois84. quatre-vingt-quatre85. quatre-vingt-cinq86. quatre-vingt-six87. quatre-vingt-sept88. quatre-vingt-huit89. quatre-vingt-neuf90. quatre-vingt-dix91. quatre-vingt-onze92. quatre-vingt-douze

Les Chiffres793. quatre-vingt-treize94. quatre-vingt-quatorze95. quatre-vingt-quinze96. quatre-vingt-seize97. quatre-vingt-dix-sept98. quatre-vingt-dix-huit99. quatre-vingt-dix-neuf100. cent101. cent un150. cent cinquante200. deux cents250. deux cent cinquante1000. mille1001. mille un2000. deux milles2010. deux mille dix2200. deux mille deux cents

L’ALPHABET FRANÇAIS8“Comment ça s’écrit, s’il vous plaît”How is that spelt?a ah n* enb bay o* ohc say p payd day q cuee! ugh r airf* ef s* esg! jay t tayh arsh u oohi! ee v vayj! jee w dooble vayk kar x icksl* el y egrecm* em z* zed

Expressions Utiles dans la Classe deFrançais:9L’Appel1. présent!2. présente!1. il est absent2. elle est absente1. il/elle est en vacancesil/elle est malade1.2. il/elle est à l'hôpital3.4. il/elle est chez le dentiste5.6. il/elle est avec la directrice /7. Madame Allen8.9. il/elle est en retard10.11. il/elle fait de la musique

Useful Expressions in the French Class:10The RegisterI’m here! (m)I’m here! (f)he is awayshe is awayhe/she is on holidayhe/she is illhe/she is at hospitalhe/she is at the dentisthe/she is with the Head / Mrs Allenhe/she is latehe/she is at music

Les Dates(dates)12Quel jour sommes nous aujourd’hui?What’s the day today?C’est mercredi – It’s WednesdayQuelle est la date aujourd’hui?What’s the date today?Quelle est la date de ton anniversaire?When is your birthday?C’est lundi, le quatre octobreIt’s Monday, 4 th OctoberC’est mardi, le premier janvierIt’s Tuesday, 1 st January

Les Fêtes(festivals)13le Nouvel An (le 1 janvier)New Yearl’éphiphanie, la galette des rois(le 6 janvier)the Kings’ cake (Epiphany)la fête de St Valentin (le 14 février)St Valentine’s Dayla Pâques (mars / avril)Easterle jour de libération (le 8 mai)Liberation Dayla fête nationale, le jour de Bastille(le 14 juillet)Bastille DayLa Toussaint (le 1 novembre)All Saints Dayle Noël (le 25 décembre)Christmasle Réveillon (le 31 décembre)New Year’s Eve

Quel temps fait-il aujourd’hui?What’s the weather like today?14Il fait mauvaisIl fait chaudIl fait beauIl fait froidIl fait sombreIl neigeIl pleutIl gèleIl y a du soleilIl y a du ventIl y a du brouillardIl y a de l’orageIl y a des nuagesDans les Alpes……En France…………A (à) Paris………..au printempsen étéen automneen hiverIt’s miserableIt’s hotIt’s fineIt’s coldIt’s dullIt’s snowingIt’s rainingIt’s freezingIt’s sunnyIt’s windyIt’s foggyIt’s stormyIt’s cloudyIn the Alps………..In France…………In Paris …………..In SpringIn SummerIn AutumnIn Winter

15La Salle de ClasseLes Mots Masculins(mon = my - m/s)un cahierun livreun sacun crayonun styloun bâton de colle (2 bâtons de colle)un classeuran exercise booka text booka baga pencila pena glue sticka fileun taille-crayonun casier(2 taille-crayons) a sharpenera lockerun sac à dos (2 sacs à dos) a rucksackun feutrea felt tipPluriel(mes = my - m/pl)les devoirsles ciseauxhomeworkscissors

La Salle de Classe16Les Mots Feminins (ma = my f/s)une chaiseune tableune gommeune règleune porteune fenêtreune trousseune calculette / calculatriceune cartouchea chaira tablea rubbera rulera doora windowa pencil casea calculatora cartridgePluriel (mes = my - f/pl)les affairesbelongings / stuff

17La Salle de ClasseExpressions Utiles (2)1. J’ai oublié…. (mon (m), ma (f), mes (pl))2. J’ai perdu….. (mon (m), ma (f), mes (pl))3. Je n’ai pas fait mes devoirs4. C’est dans mon sac5. C’est dans mon casier6. C’est dans la salle de classe7. C’est chez moi8. C’est à la maison9. Je peux emprunter un / une ….10.Je peux avoir un / une ….11.Je voudrais un / une / des ….12.Je cherche un / une / des….13.Je cherche mon / ma / mes ….

18Useful Classroom Phrases (2)1. I have forgotten my ...2. I have lost my ...3. I haven’t done my homework4. It’s in my bag5. It’s in my locker6. It’s in the classroom7. It’s at home8. It’s at home9. Can I borrow a … ?10.Can I have a … ?11.I would like a / some … ?12.I am looking for a / some ...13.I am looking for my ….

Les Problèmes191. J’ai un problème2. Comment ça s’écrit?3. Comment dit … en anglais/français?4. Quelle page?5 Je ne comprends pas6. Répétez, svp7. Plus lentement, s’il vous plaît8. Je ne sais pas9. Je n’ai pas fini10.Encore une minute, s’il vous plaît11.Je peux entrer s’il vous plaît?12.Je peux aller aux toilettes, s’il vousplaît?

Les Problèmes201. I have a problem2. How is that spelt?3. How do you say … in English/French?4. Which page?5 I do not understand6. Repeat please7. Slower please8. I don’t know9. I haven’t finished10.Another minute please11.Please may I come in ?12.Please may I go to the toilet?

Quelle heure est-il?211. Il est une heure 2. Il est deux heures3. Il est une heure 4. Il est une heure etet demiequartIl est une heureIl est une heuretrentequinze5. Il est deux heures 6. Il est midi (12h00)moins le quartIl est minuit (00h00)Il est une heure(et demi)quarante-cinq

227. Il est deux 8. Il est deux heuresheures dixmoins dixIl est une heure cinquanteIl est dix heures du matin (10am)It’s 10 o’clock in the morningIl est dix heures du soir (10pm)It’s 10 o’clock in the eveningIl est trois heures de l’après-midi (3pm)It’s 3 o’clock in the afternoonLes leçons commencent à une heureLessons start at 1 o’clockLes leçons finissent à trois heures vingtLessons finish at 3.20pm

Les Couleurs23bleublancrougevertjauneorangerosevioletbrun / marronnoirgrisbeigebleu clairbleu foncébleu marinbluewhiteredgreenyelloworangepinkpurplebrownblackgreybeigelight bluedark blueroyal blue

Articles,Adjectifs&GrammarVocabulary

24Indefinite and Definite ArticlesIndefinite Article: ‘a ...’ or ‘an ...’masculine:un sac = a bagun stylo = a penun cahier = an exercise bookfeminine:une règle = a rulerune gomme = a rubberune télé = a TVDefinite Article: ‘the ...’masculine:le sac = the bagle stylo = the penle cahier = the exercise bookfeminine:la règle = the rulerla gomme = the rubberla télé = the TV

25Indefinite and Definite Articlesmasculine or feminine beginning with avowel :l’ éléphant = the elephantl’ orange = the orangel’ ann iversaire = the birthdayIn the plural you simply add Les...les chipsles enfantsles fleursles cahiers= the crisps= the children= the flowers= the exercisebooksThe article tells you whether the nounis masculine or feminine, singular orplural.

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVESThese words tell you who an object belongsto.Possessive adjectives in French must agreewith the noun to which they refer.So, if a noun is: masculine singular then the possessiveadjective is masculine singular.my your his/her our your theirmon ton son notre votre leur26e.g. mon frère my brotherton père your fatherson chien his dogfeminine singular then the possessiveadjective is feminine singular.my your his/her our your theirma ta sa notre votre leure.g. ma soeur my sisterta mère your mothersa souris his mouse

27m / f singular and starts with a vowelthe possessive adjective is as masculinesingular.my your his/her our your theirmon ton son notre votre leure.g. mon oncle my uncleton éléphant your elephantson oiseau his/her birdplural then the possessive adjective isplural.my your his/her our your theirmes tes ses nos vos leurse.g. mes soeurs my sisterstes chiens your dogsses cousins his/her cousins

The Preposition “à”28“à” basically means ‘at’ or ‘to’ but it can beused in a number of different contexts.1) It can be used, without change, with : town namese.g. J’habite à Ferndown I live in FerndownJe vais à Paris I am going to ParisIl pleut à Londres It’s raining in London timee.g. Je me lève à six heuresI get up at 6 o’clock expressions of position/directione.g. à gaucheon the leftà droiteon the rightà 100 mètres d’ici 100 m from hereà 5 minutes d’ici 5 minutes away

292) It changes when used with nouns masculine singularTu vas au cinéma? Are you going to thecinema?Je vais au Canada I am going to CanadaUn sandwich au fromage A cheese sandwichIl joue au hockey He plays (at) hockeyJ’ai mal au ventre I have a stomach ache feminine singularJe vais à la plageUne glace à la vanilleJ’ai mal à la têteI go to the beachA vanilla ice creamI have a headache m /f singular + vowelIl va à l’écoleHe goes to schoolLa soupe à l’oignon Onion soupJ’ai mal à l’oreille I have an earache pluralElle va aux discosIl habite aux Etats-UnisOn joue aux cartesJ’ai mal aux yeuxShe goes to discosHe lives in the USAWe play (at) cardsI have sore eyes

Agreement of AdjectivesAdjectives describe nouns, (people, objects orplaces)Adjectives in French must agree with the nounthey are describing.So if a noun is:1) masculine singular then the adjective ismasculine singular. Nothing needs to be doneto the adjective.p.e. le chien est vertthe dog is green2) feminine singular then the adjective isfeminine singular. Add an ‘e’ to the adjective.p.e. la souris est vertethe mouse is green3) masculine plural then the adjective ismasculine plural. Add an ‘s’ to the adjective.p.e. les chiens sont vertsthe dogs are green4) feminine plural then the adjective is feminineplural. Add an ‘es’ to the adjective.p.e. les souris sont vertesthe mice are greenBE AWARE that there are some exceptions tothese rules.30

Position of Adjectives31Adjectives in French generally come afterthe noun they are describing. In English,adjectives come before nouns.e.g. un chat noir a black catles yeux bleus blue eyesA small number of adjectives, however,come before the noun in French.e.g. un grand chien a big dogune petite souris a small mouseIt is possible to1. have an adjective preceding the noun andanother one following.e.g. un petit chat noir a small, black cat2. have more than one adjective after thenoun.e.g un petit chat noir et bruna small, black and brown cat

Partitive Article — ‘SOME’32The word for ‘some’ in French changes dependingon the noun that follows it.So, if a noun is:masculine singular then use ‘du’e.g.Je voudrais du fromageI would like some cheesefeminine singular then use ‘de la’e.g.Je prends de la confitureI’ll have some jamm / f singular and starts with a vowelthen use ‘de l’’e.g.Je bois de l’oranginaI’m drinking some oranginaplural then use ‘des’e.g. Je mange des fritesI’m eating some chips

Demonstrative Adjectives33The word for ‘this’ and ‘these’ in Frenchchanges depending on the noun that follows it.So, if a noun is:masculine singular then use ‘ce’e.g.Je vais à l’école ce matinI am going to school this morningfeminine singular then use ‘cette’e.g.J’adore cette pizzaI love this pizzam / f singular and starts with a vowelthen use ‘cet’e.g.Elle arrive cet après-midiShe is arriving this afternoonplural then use ‘ces’e.g. Je cherche ces élèvesI’m looking for these pupils

Conjunctions and Connectives34etmais / cependantpar exempleaussiou / nipremièrementdeuxièmementsurtoutpuis / alors / ensuiteandbut / howeverfor examplealsoor / norfirstlysecondlyespeciallythen / nextpour commencer / d’abord at first / to start with /au débutquelquefois / parfoisaprès / prochainfinalement / enfinsinormalement / d’habitudedoncparce que / carpeut-êtrein the beginningsometimesafterwards / nextfinally / in the endif / sonormally / usuallythereforebecauseperhaps / maybe

Other Conjunctions and Connectives 35

Adverbs of Timefor use with the present tense36aujourd’huisamedi matinsamedi après-midisamedi soirtous les jourstous les soirstous les weekendstoutes les semainesle samediau weekendtodaySaturday morningSaturday afternoonSaturday eveningevery dayevery eveningevery weekendevery weekon Saturdaysat the weekendfor use with the past tensele weekend dernierla semaine dernièrel’année dernièrehierhier matinhier après-midihier soirlast weekendlast weeklast yearyesterdayyesterday morningyesterday afternoonyesterday evening

Adverbs of Time (cont’d)37aujourd’huice matincet après-midice soirce weekendcette semainecet ététodaythis morningthis afternoonthis eveningthis weekendthis weekthis summerfor use with the future tensele weekend prochainla semaine prochainel’année prochainesamedi prochainle lendemainla veilleavant-hierdemaindemain matindemain après-mididemain soirnext weekendnext weeknext yearnext Saturdaythe day after tomorrowthe day beforethe day before yesterdaytomorrowtomorrow morningtomorrow afternoontomorrow evening

Closed Questions38Closed Questions can really only have 2answers – ‘yes’ and ‘no’.There are 3 ways of asking a closedquestion:1) Rising intonation(your voice goes up at the end)e.g. Tu aimes le foot?2) Inversion(swapping round verb and subject)e.g. Aimes-tu le foot?3) Adding ‘Est-ce que’ at the beginning –e.g.Est-ce que tu aimes le foot?

Other question words39These words are normally found at the beginning of aquestion. They are referred to as ‘Open Questions’because they cannot be answered by ‘Yes’ and ‘No’.Their answers are more detailed.Quand?Combien?Quel/quelleQu’est-ce que?Quoi ?Où?Pourquoi?Qui?Comment?- when?- how much/many?- what, which?- what?- what?- where?- why?- who?- how?

Grammar Vocabulary40masculinfémininmasculinefemininesingulier singular (only 1)pluriel plural (more than 1)‘l’ apostrophedeux voyellesle verbel’infinitifau présentau passé composéau futurà l’imparfaitadjectifl’accord de‘l’ apostrophe2 vowelsthe verbinfinitivein the present tensein the Perfect tensein the future tensein the Imperfecttenseadjectiveagreement of

Grammar Vocabulary41un accentconnecteur /conjonctionla négatifaccentconnective /connectivenegative

Verbes

The Subject Pronouns42These pronouns simply replace the mainperson/thing in a sentence that is doingthe action.Take a look-The boy watches TV = He watches TVJeTu –IlElleOnNousVousIlsEllesIYou - sing. informalHe/itShe/itYou, OneWeYou - pl./politeThey (m)They (f)

VERB GROUPS43In French there are two types of verbs;regular and irregular.Regular VerbsThere are three types of regular verbs, which eachfollow a standard pattern.1. ER verbs (p) (2) RE verbs (p) 3. IR verbs (p)e.g. aimer perdre finirIrregular VerbsThere are many irregular verbs, which do not followa pattern and just have to be learned!Among these, there are 4 very special verbssometimes referred to as ‘Golden Verbs’. They arewidely used and must be memorised!They are:Avoir ( to have);Être (to be);Aller (to go) andFaire (to do/make).Other irregular verbs need to be checked in theverb table of a bilingual dictionary or simply ask yourteacher.

Regular ER Verbs44Jouer - to playTo form an ‘ER’ verb:1. Take the verb (e.g. ‘jouer’.)2. Take off the ‘ER’ to form the stem (i.e. jou).3. Add the following endings:Je joue I playTu joues you play ( informal, sing )Il joue he/it playsElle joue she/ it playsOn joue one plays/ we playNous jouons we playVous jouez you play ( formal, plural )Ils jouent they play ( masc.)Elles jouent they play ( fem. )The past participle (p.p.) is formed by addingan ‘é ’ to the stem - jou + éJ’ai joué = I liked

Other Regular ER Verbsadorerto loveaimerto likeacheterto buyaiderto helpchercherto look forbavarderto chatcommencer *to startdiscuterto argueécouterto listendessinerto drawdétesterto hatejouerto playjouer auto play + ball sportsmanger *to eatporterto wear / carrypréférerto preferregarderto watchresterto stayrentrerto go hometournerto turntravaillerto workrencontrerto meetvisiterto visit45

Regular RE verbs46perdre - to loseTo form an ‘re’ verb just follow these steps:1. Take the verb (e.g. perdre).2. Take off the ‘re’ and you will be left withstem (i.e. perd)3. Now add the following endings:je perdstu perdsil perdelle perdon perdnous perdonsI loseyou lose ( informal, singular)he/it losesshe/it losesone / we losewe losevous perdez you lose ( formal, plural )ils perdentthey lose (Masc.)ils perdent They lose ( fem. )The past participle (p.p.) is formed by addinga ‘u’ to the stem perd + uj’ai perdu = I have lost

Regular IR verbs47finir - to finish/endTo form an ‘ir’ verb:1. Take the infinitive (e.g. finir)2. Take off the ‘IR’ to form the stem (i.e. fin)3. Add the following endings:je finis I finishtu finis you finish ( informal, singular )il finit he finisheselle finit she finishesOn finit one / we finishnous finissons we finishvous finissez you finish ( formal , plural )ils finissent they finish ( masc. )elles finissent they finish ( fem. )The past participle (p.p) is formed by addingan ’ i ‘ to the stem fin - fin + iJ’ai fini = I have finishedAlso: choisir = to chooseremplir = to fill (in)

Reflexive Verbs or verbs with ‘se’ in front48Some verbs in French have ‘se’ in front. The ‘se’ bitmeans ‘self ’. Here is a list of the most useful ‘se’verbs you will come acrosss’appelerse reveillerse leverse coucherse lavers’habillerto be calledto wake upto get upto go to bedto have a washto get dressedSo do I treat these verbs differently?Yes, you need different words instead of ‘se’ when you usethese verbs with je, tu , il, nous etcLets look at se coucher. I have underlined the words you needto add.Je me coucheTu te couchesIl se coucheElle se coucheOn se coucheNous nous couchonsVous vous couchesIls se couchentElles se couchentI go to bedyou go to bedhe goes to bedshe goes to bedone goes / we go to bedwe go to bedyou go to bedthey (m) go to bedthey ( f) go to bed

Reflexive verbs orverbs with ‘se’ in front49Here is a reflexive verb you are sure torecognise?S’appeler — to be called/namedJe m’appelletu t’appellesil s’appelleelle s’appellenous nous appelonsvous vous appelezils s’appellentI am called..you are called( sing.)he /it is calledshe/it is calledwe are calledyou are called( pl. polite)they are called(m)elles s’appellent they are called( f )If you want to use reflexive verbs in the pasttense, you will need to treat them as a ‘MrsVandertramp’ verb and use ÊTRE.e.g. je me suis lavé (e) - I got washedil s’est reveillé - he woke upelle s’est couchée - she went to bed

*Golden Verbs*50These verbs are extra special. You will use them a lot!Unfortunately they are irregular verbs as they do notfollow a pattern so, you will have to memorise them.Avoir – to havej’aiI havetu as you have (informal, singular )il ahe/it haselle ashe/it hason aone has/ we havenous avons we havevous avez you have ( formal, plural)ils ontelles ontthey have (m)they have (f)Past participle of this verb is very unusual:j’ai eu = I had

*Golden verbs*51Être – to beje suistu esil estelle eston estnous sommesvous êtesils sontI amyou are (informal, singular)he is/it isshe is/ it iswe are/ one iswe areyou are ( formal, plural)they are ( masc)elles sont they are ( fem )The past participle or ‘pp’ is also unusual:j’ai été = I was/I have beenImperfect Tense to describe continuousactions in past:c’étaitil étaitelle étaitit washe/it wasshe/it was

*Golden Verbs*52Aller – to goje vaistu vasil vaelle vaon vanous allonsI goyou go (informal, singular)he goesshe goesone goes/ we gowe govous allez you go ( formal, plural )ils vontthey go ( masc.)elles vont they go ( fem. )The past participle is allé(e)Don’t forget, this verb is a ‘Mrs Vandertramp’ verbso it needs être to make the perfect tense.Je suis allé(e) = I went ☺Il est allé= He went ☺

*Golden Verbs*53Faire – this verb can meaneither to do or to makeje faistu faisil faitelle faiton faitnous faisonsI doyou dohe / it doesshe / it doesone does / we dowe dovous faites you do (formal, polite )ils fontthey do( masc.)elles font they do ( fem.)The past participle (pp) of faire is faitJ’ai fait mes devoirs = I did my homeworkMon père a fait de la cuisine = My dad did thecooking.

Other Irregular verbs54Prendre – to takeje prendstu prendsil prendelle prendon prendnous prenonsvous prenezils prennentI takeyou take (informal, singular)he /it takesshe/ it takesone takes/we takewe takeyou take( formal, plural)they take( masc.)elles prennent they take ( fem. )The past participle (p.p.) is prisj’ai pris = I tookThe verbs apprendre ( to learn ) and comprendre(to understand) also follow the above pattern.

Other Irregular verbs55Venir – to comeje vienstu viensil vientelle vienton vientnous venonsvous venezils viennentI comeyou come (informal, singular)he /it comesshe/ it comesone comes/we comewe comeyou come( formal, plural)they come( masc.)elles viennent they come ( fem. )The past participle (p.p.) is venuThis verb is irregular and is also a ‘Mrs Vandertramp’verb so you will need to use ETRE when you form thepast tense.Il est venu en voiture = He came by car.

Modal verbsThese verbs are also irregular. They are usuallyfollowed by a another verb.Pouvoir – to be able to56je peuxtu peuxil peutelle peuton peutnous pouvonsvous pouvezils peuventelles peuventI can/am ableyou can ( informal, singular)he canshe canwe can / one canwe canyou canthey can (masc.)they can (fem.)Je peux aller aux toilettes?Can I go to the toilet?Je peux avoir un stylo? Can I have a pen ?The past participle is pu.j’ai pu = I could

Modal verbs57Vouloir – to wish/wantje veuxI wanttu veux you want (informal, singular )il veuthe wantselle veutshe wantson veutone wants/ we wantnous voulons we wantvous voulez you want ( formal ,plural)ils veulent they want ( masc. )elles veulent they want (fem. )The past participle of this verb is voulu -J’ai voulu = I wantedNB conditional tense:Je voudrais ... – I would like….really usefulwhen you are shopping or ordering food or when you generally wantsomething!

Modal verbs58Devoir – to have to/ mustje doisI must/ have totu dois you must ( informal, sing )il doithe mustelle doitshe muston doitone must / we mustnous devons we mustvous devez you must ( formal, plural )ils doivent they must ( masc. )elles doivent they must ( fem. )Examples:Je dois faire mes devoirs— I must do my homeworkIl doit aller au marché. - He has to go to the market.The past participle ( pp ) for this verb is dû

The Past Tense or ‘Perfect TenseER verbs59You use the Past Tense to talk about things that havealready happened in the past.When you want to change a regular ER or IR or RE verbinto the past you need to follow 3 parts.Person Avoir VerbJ’ ai joué2 3Tu as joué11) First, select the subject pronoun or person2) Add the present tense of Avoir3) Then form the past participle or PP of the verb..How to form the PP in an ER verb1. Take the verb ( infinitive ) e.g. jouer.2. Take off the ‘er’ – jou.3. Add é – joué.J’ai joué au foot.Elle a joué au tennis.Nous avons joué au parc.I played football.She played tennis.We played in the park.

Regular RE verbs in the Past Tense60It is basically the same formula. You first usethe present tense of AVOIR and then you addthe PP ( past participle ) of the RE verb.e.g. perdre = to loseThe PP for perdre is perduJ’ai perdu = I have lost / I lostElle a perdu . = She has lost herson stylopen.Regular IR verbs in the past tensee.g. finir = to finishPP of Finir = finiAgain the same formula; take the present tenseof avoir and then add the PP of the IR verbJ’ai fini = I have finished/ I finishedIrregular VerbsThese often have irregular past participles;check them in your grammar book or a bilingualdictionarye.g: faire - j’ai fait

‘MRS VANDERTRAMP’ VERBS’61Verb Meaning Past ParticipleMourir to die mortRevenir to come back revenuSortir to go out sortiVenir to come venuAller to go alléNaître to be born néDescendre to go down descenduEntrer to enter entréRester to stay/remain restéTomber to fall tombéRetourner to go back retournéArriver to arrive arrivéMonter to go up/climb montéPartir to set off parti

The Past Tense of ‘aller’62‘Aller’ is one of the ‘Mrs Vandertramp’ verbsand therefore it is conjugated with ‘être’ andnot ‘avoir’ in the Past Tense.je suis allé(e)tu es allé(e)il est alléelle est alléeon est allénous sommes allé(e)sI wentyou went (informal,singular)he wentshe wentone / we wentwe wentvous êtes allé(e)(s)(es) you went ( formal , plural )ils sont allésthey went (m)elles sont allées they went (f)The Past Participle must agree in gender andnumber with the subject of the verb. In otherwords, it acts like an adjective.

THE FUTURE TENSE63To form a simple future tense, use the present tense of‘aller’ –( to go ) + a second verb.Take a look:Aller +Verb /infinitiveje vais jouer = I am going to playtu vas jouer = you are going to playil va jouer = he is going to playelle va jouer = she is going to playon va jouer = we are going to playnous allons jouer = we are going to playvous allez jouer = you are going to playils vont jouer = they are going to playelles vont jouer = they are going to playDon’t forget, the second verb must be left in theinfinitive. This means that the verb has its ending still on.Don’t touch or alter it!!Je vais aller au parc. = I am going to go to thepark.Ma mère va écouter la radio. = My mum is going to listento the radio.

THE IMPERFECT TENSE64This is another type of past tense.The ’imperfect tense’ often describes continuousactions in the past and is often used to give adescription in the past.It can also mean “used to…”j’étais = I wasc’était = it wasil était = he/it waselle était = she/it wasje portais = I was wearingil portait = he was wearingJ’avais deux chats = I had 2 cats. orI used to have 2 catsElle avait = She had/ she used to have.Describing the weather in the past.Il faisait beau = it was fineIl y avait des nuages = it was cloudyIl pleuvait = it was rainingIl neigeait = it was snowing

NEGATIVES65To form a basic negative in French, add ‘ne’ beforethe verb and ‘pas’ after the verb.e.g:je comprendsje ne comprends pasI understandI don’t understandIl joueIl ne joue pasI playHe does not play*****If the verb begins with a vowel, take off the ‘e’from ‘ne’ and add an apostrophe. Take a look :-Je n’aime pas le foot ☺ I don’t like footballElle n’écoute pas ☺ She does not listen*****Je n’ai pas de frères. I don’t have any brothers.Elle n’a pas de devoirs. She does not have anyhomework.“de” replaces du, de la, de l’, des in negativesentences.

Other Negatives66ne…..plus = no longer/no moreje n’en ai plus = I don’t have any left.Je n’ai plus d’argent = I haven’t got any moreMoney.****Ne…….jamais = neverJe ne joue jamais = I never play golfau golf.Elle ne va jamais = She never goes onen vacances.holiday.****Ne ...rienJe ne fais rien = I do nothing/I don’t do anything****ne...ni...ni… = (n)either…….(n)orJe n'aime ni les = I don't like eitherchats ni les chiens. cats or dogs.

Strategies forLearning &Checklists

STRATEGIES FOR LEARNINGLearning new vocabulary or structures means that youhave practised and prepared them in such a way that youwill feel confident to be tested or assessed in each ofthe following skills:Attainment Target 1 - ListeningWhen you hear the foreign word or phrase, you understandwhat it means in English.Attainment Target 2 - SpeakingYou are able to say the foreign word or phrase withgood pronunciation.Attainment Target 3 - ReadingWhen you read the foreign word or phrase you understandwhat it means in English.Attainment Target 4 - WritingYou are able to write the foreign word or phrase accuratelyfrom memory.Look - Say - Cover - Write - CheckMany of us have learned how to spell new words in Englishthrough the ‘LOOK - SAY - COVER - WRITE -CHECK’ procedure. We can use the same system forlearning foreign words too.You will first need to copy each of the new words orphrases into your General Work Book or Drafting Filewith the English translation opposite.

STRATEGIES FOR LEARNINGHowever this is only the beginning of the learning processand does not represent evidence of learning in itself. Youhave a further 5 stages to work through:-1. LOOKRead the French word or phrase, together with its Englishtranslation several times to familiarise yourselfwith the new word or phrase.2. SAYSay the French word or phrase out loud several times topractise your pronunciation (AT 2). If possible, teachsomeone else how to pronounce the words correctly.3. COVERa) Cover the English translation and look at the Frenchword or phrase only. Translate the word or phraseback into English (AT 3).b) Cover the French and look at the English translationonly. Translate the word or phrase back into Frenchorally (AT 2). In addition, if you have taught someonehow to pronounce the word or phrase in French, askthem to test you by giving you the French and youtranslate it back into English (AT 1).4. WRITEWrite out a list of the English words or phrases andtranslate them into French from memory (AT 4).5. CHECKMark your test yourself, correcting any errors.

ALTERNATIVE STRATEGIES1. Never learn numbers, days or months innumerical or chronological order. Learnthem backwards and, for numbers, learn inmultiples of 2,3,4 etc.2. Repeat the words/phrases with rhythm/eg. as a rap or song.3. Record the words/phrases onto a cassette.4. Listen to the recording before fallingasleep.5. Read the words/phrases whilst relaxing inyour bath.6. Read the words/phrases out loud in front ofa mirror.7. Copy the words/phrases out again.8. Make up your own gap-fillers.9. If you have a photographic memory, use it!10. Use word association.11. Teach someone at home12. Make up your own matching pairs gameson pieces of paper, for vocabulary andverbs.

STUDY SKILLS FOR ASSESSMENTSFour skills are involved in learning a language:AT1 (Attainment Target 1): ListeningAT2 (Attainment Target 2): SpeakingAT3 (Attainment Target 3): ReadingAT4 (Attainment Target 4): WritingWhen you are being assessed in one of these skills, thereare a number of strategies you can adopt to help youperform well in tests. Read the relevant notes below priorto any test and in time, these strategies will becomesecond nature.Bon courage! (Good Luck!)STUDY SKILLS: AT1 (LISTENING)1. Keep calm; don’t panic!2. Keep focused; listen carefully; don’t be distracted;don’t give up!3. Write in pencil initially if you are unsure; you can goover your answers in ink later.4. Anticipate likely vocabulary and structures by thinkingabout the context (eg family and pets).5. Look at any pictures and think about the French wordsfor them.6. If there are numbers or dates, work out how these aresaid in French.

STUDY SKILLS: AT2 (SPEAKING)1. Practise reading foreign words out loud using the pronunciationguides you have noted in pencil.2. Teach someone at home how to pronounce words accurately.3. Practise speaking out loud in front of a mirror in theprivacy of your own bedroom or bathroom. This willhelp you to become used to hearing your own voicespeaking a foreign language before going public in theclassroom.STUDY SKILLS: AT3 (READING)1. Read any questions before reading the text for keywords.2. If it is a difficult text, find the words you definitelyknow first.3. Are any unknown words cognates i.e. words which aresimilar in French and English?4. Try to work out the function of any unknown wordsi.e. is it a verb, a noun, an adjective?5. Take care over hand-written texts; French handwritingis usually more difficult to decipher than printedtext. In particular beware of the letters m, n and r.6. Anticipate likely vocabulary and structures by thinkingabout the context (eg family and pets).7. Look at any pictures and think about the Frenchwords for them.

STUDY SKILLS: AT 4 (WRITING)1. Write the text in French using references ( Structureset Vocabulaire and Cahier de Grammaire) andthe guidelines on Extending your Written Work andChecking Your Written Work.2. Translate the text into English on a separate sheetof paper.3. Translate the English text back into French frommemory on a third sheet of paper using double spacing.4. Mark the new French text , using a different colourpen or pencil, correcting any errors.5. If the text you have written from memory is perfect-BRAVO!6. If not, look at the mistakes you have made and learnfrom them. E.g. Practise spelling misspelt words untilyou get them correct.7. Again, using only the English text, translate yourwork back into French from memory.8. Re-check, as per point 4 above.This procedure allows you to use an English translationas a prompt. Remember that ultimately you will need towrite French completely from memory with no prompts.You will, of course, always be able to write a few notesto help you plan your text on scrap paper before youstart to write the text itself, just as you would do inEnglish.

CHECKING MY WRITTEN WORK1. MEANINGAction:Translate into EnglishCheck:Does it make sense?2. VERBSAction:Find the verb in eachsentence. Check it againstyour verb table in Grammarbook.3. NOUNSAction:Find each noun4. ADJECTIVESAction:Find each adjective.Check:Does it have the rightending?Is it in the correct tense?Check:Does it have the correctarticle?Should it be plural orsingular?Check:Does it agree with the noun?Masc/Fem? Singular/Plural?Is it in the correct position?5. ACCURACYAction: Check the spellings of individual words againstclasswork/in a dictionary.

Extended Writing Check ListUse the following list as an aide-mémoire to ensure thatyou really show off your knowledge and understanding ofthe French language when you are asked to produce apiece of extended writing (eg. the year 8 transfer letterfor F.U.S.)1. Paragraph your work into topic areas.2. Use conjunctions to link phrases.3. Use adjectives to describe nouns - especially feminineand plural ones.4. Use a variety of articles (definite; indefinite;possessive adjectives; partitive articles; and m/s, f/s,m/p, f/p)5. Use a variety of verbs—particularly irregular ones.6. Use a variety of verb structures eg. expressions usingavoir; aimer + infinitive; jouer au; jouer du/de la;faire du/de la; present tense + “depuis”7. Use a variety of question formats - open and closed.8. Use a variety of subject pronouns: il; elle; on;nous; ils;elles; as well as je.9. Avoid repetition of structures

Extended Writing Check List10. Do not write lists11. Expand your ideas; focus on one event and develop12. Use a variety of tenses—present, past, imperfect andfuture.13. Use Mrs Vandertramp verbs as well as those taking‘avoir’ in the perfect.

FRENCH ACCENTSWhen using ICT to present your work you will need to know how to insert accents.Follow the instructions below1. Ensure you have pressed the Num Lockkey and the light comes on.NumLockNumLock2. Then, hold down the Alt. key and typethe following numbers to get theseletters:ALT+130 = é 131 = â133 = à 135 = ç136 = ê 137 = ë138 = è 140 = î147 = ô 148 = ö150 = û 151 = ù

You may be asked to write a letter inFrench as part of an assignment orassessment. Here is a template foryou to use.Ferndown*, le vingt-six févrierCher Paul/Chère Marie/Merci pour ta letter / Je te remercie de talettre…………….…………….…………….Écris-moi bientôtAmitiés/ Grosses Bises / Je t’embrasseEdward*full address is written on back of envelope.

Ferndown*, 26th FebruaryDear Paul/Dear Marie/Thank you for your letter…………….…………….…………….Write to me soonBest wishes / love fromEdward*full address is written on back of envelope.