(1979). Social Networks and Psychology. Connections, 2 - INSNA

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- 1 0 4 -financial dependence, internal inflation, lack of private investment in production and so on . The increasein authoritarian and often military government in Latin America and other underdeveloped countries is thusseen as a 'solution' to the current bottlenecks of economic growth, resolving temporarily the class conflictsbrought about by industrialization and urban development .Bryan Roberts . 1973 . Organizing Strangers : Poor Families in Guatemala City . Austin and London : Universityof Texas Press .The subject of this book is social change, particularly that change occurring as a result of rapidurban growth in underdeveloped countries . The material used here is drawn from a study of poor familiesliving in Guatemala City . Their homes, their appearance, and their evident difficulties in meeting thenecessities of daily life make me characterize them as poor . One group of families lives in a shantytownlocated near the center of the city ; the other lives in a legally established neighborhood on the outskirts .Both areas are well known in the city as the residences of poor families, and in this book they are giventhe pseudonyms "San Lorenzo" and "Planificada ." Although these families include very few white-collarworkers, they vary in income and ather social characteristics and are, in most respects, similar to themajority of Guatemala City's population . In their own life careers, they have experienced the transitionfrom villages and towns to a large, rapidly growing city, and it is through their life careers and presentbehavior that more general questions of social change are approached .This study looks at the behavior of these families in terms of two distinct but interconnected perspectives. First is the analysis of the implications of rapid urban growth for the lives of poor people .During the lifetimes of our subjects, Guatemala City has considerably changed its social and economicorganization, and these changes have affected the ways in which people interact with each other and copewith their environment . Some of these changes are necessary consequences of urban life, especially in arapidly expanding city . Both migrants and city born have come to reside among strangers who are rarelyrelated by familial or occupational ties . As position within a set of friends and kin has become lessrelevant to obtaining jobs, housing, and social standing, individual characteristics, such as education,age, and personal appearance, have become more relevant . However, to use the data only to illustratechange would be to ignore the importance that people's actions and perceptions have for directing change .It is in their attempts to cope with a series of problems and possibilities emerging from the rapid andunplanned growth of the city that the poor in Guatemala are themselves becoming further factors in socialchange . From this perspective, change is occurring in this city through the attempts of people with certainsocial characteristics to interpret and mold their urban environment so as to produce in it some degree oforder and predictability .These poor families are, then, active agents of change in urban life, but their activity is heavilyconditioned by the links they have with urban organizations and with other urban social groups . Poorpeople do not form an isolated group in Guatemala City but are permeated by external influences . One ofthe defining characteristics of urban life is this openness of its residents to the diversity of influencespresent in a city . In studying the activity of poor families, the relevant context will be not only otherpoor people in their immediate vicinity, but also all the groups and organizations that intentionally orunintentionally relate to them .I will detail the actions and orientations of poor and ill-educated people who find themselves in adisturbing and often dangerous urban milieu . What is striking about their behavior is the extent to whichthey are active in shaping their own destinies . This is not to say that they are successful, either intheir own terms or by some "objective" standard of economic and social development, but it is not for wantof trying . We will see them using sophisticated strategies to manipulate their urban economic and politicalenvironment, calculations that are often surprisingly shrewd and rational . Their behavior is describablein terms that could be applied equally to people in the developed societies, and their own positionappears to result not from their traditional practices or attitudes, but from more fundamental problemsof the social and economic structure of their country . This book will show how external influences repeatedlycondition and limit change within this environment . It is on this point that the present study andits conclusions differ from other studies of the poor in urban areas of Latin America . Here it is intendedto demonstrate that whatever the reasons for the capacity or incapacity of the poor to organize, to geton with each other, or to improve their individual positions, these cannot be explained in terms of a"culture of poverty ." Instead, this analysis emphasizes the importance of the outside influences thatpermeate these families . And for this reason the study also differs from analyses that emphasize themarginality of the poor as the obstacle to their urban adaption . On the contrary, the problem is preciselythat these families are overly involved in urban life .
- 10 5 -Barbara Hockey Kaplan, ed. 1978 . SocialChangeinthe Capitalist World Economy . Beverly Hills, Calif. : Sage .ContentsFred Block, "Marxist Theories of the State in World System Analysis"Richard Rubinson "Political Transformation in Germany and the United States"Walter Goldfrank "Fascism and World Economy"Theda Skocpol and Ellen Kay Trimberge "Revolutions and the World-Historical Development of Capitalism"Samih K . Farsoun and Walter F . Carroll "State Capitalism and Counterrevolution in the Middle East"Christopher Case-Dunn "Core-Periphery Relations : The Effects of Core Competition"Douglas Dowd "Continuity, Change and Tension in Global Capitalism"Terence Hopkins "World Systems Analysis : Methodological Issues"Immanuel Wallerstein "World-System Analysis : Theoretical and Interpretative Issues"Seymour B . Sarason and Elizabeth Lorentz . 1979 .To Action . San Francisco : Jossey-Bass .The Challenge of the Resource Exchange Network : From ConceptWhere can we turn when available funding proves insufficient for our human services needs? As the fundsthat once seemed unlimited dry up, we must look within ourselves and learn to make the best possible use ofour vast human resource potential . This new book explores one promising way to do just that - the resourceexchange network - an informal association of representatives from various organizations (schools, colleges,welfare agencies, hospitals, counseling agencies, businesses and so on) who voluntarily join together toexchange knowledge, services, products, personnel, and other resources in order to accomplish some commongoal . These exchanges are made barter-style, trading available resources for needed resources - withoutrelying primarily on outside funding or agency support - for the mutual benefit and growth of all networkmembers .In their earlier work, Human Services and Resource Networks (Jossey-Bass, 1977), the authors followedthe development of one such resource exchange network (the Essex network) . This books goes beyond thatvolume by offering step-by-step guidelines for overcoming the obstacles to network development and operation,as well as numerous case examples of such networks in action . The authors explain what a resource exchangenetwork is and how it emerges ; examine the crucial role of the network coordinator and identify his or heressential leadership characteristics ; and point out opportunities for network growth . They suggest ways tostop the wasting of human resource potential caused by professionalism and job specialization . They investigateself-defeating competition for federal money among human services agencies and show how resource exchangemight instead help such agencies achieve service coordination . And they outline a way to introducethe resource exchange rationale into governmental organizations .Contents1 . Resource Exchange : Problems and Issues ; 2 . The Significance of Limited Resources ; 3 . Network Conceptsin Action : Case Studies ; 4 . Professionalism as an Obstacle to Network Development ; 5 . Issues of Leadershipand Coordination ; 6 . Defining a Resource Exchange Network ; 7 . Coordination and Resource ExchangeAmong Formal Organizations ; 8 . An Emerging Consensus on Networks ; 9 . The Ombudsman : A Key to ResourceExchange .Seymour B . Sarason, Charles F . Carroll, Kenneth Maton, Saul Cohen, and Elizabeth Lorentz . 1977 . HumanServices and Resource Networks : Rationale, Possibilities, and Public Policy . San Francisco : Jossey-Bass .Contents1 . Human Resources and Social Networks ; 2 . Rationale of Social Networks ; 3 . The Work of Social Networks ;4 . The Emergence of a Network ; 5 . Significant Meetings and Network Growth ; 6 . The Functions of the GeneralMeeting ; 7 . Funding and the Dilemmas of Growth ; 8 . Leadership and the Character of Networks ; 9 . UnderstaffedSettings, Values, and Resources ; 10 . Meaning and Distinctiveness of Networks ; 11 . Network Conceptualizationand Change ; 12 . Settings, Networks, and Resources .SummaryHuman Services and Resource Networks describes the formation and development of a network of individualscreated for two major purposes : to exchange services and resources for the benefit and growth of all membersand to foster a needed psychological sense of community . The book discusses in detail the rationale behindthe network ; its conception, implementation, problems of leadership and growth ; and its accomplishments . Atruly innovative contribution to the theory and practice of resource networks, this volume will be particularlyrevealing to those who see money as the only way to acquire needed resources - a current view thatpits agency against agency in a competitive, self-defeating struggle . The book's extensive review of thegrowing literature makes it clear how the network has become a central concept in fields such as sociology,psychology, psychiatry,geography, anthropology, and education .
Page 1 and 2: The International Network for Socia
Page 3 and 4: NETWORK NOTEBOOKTheEditors'Request
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Page 7 and 8: Michael Pearlman . 1977a . "Great B
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Page 44 and 45: - 1 0 2 -Since the theory postulate
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Page 52 and 53: ANU-MACRONET2 . A PROGRAM FOR COMPU
Page 54 and 55: ABSTRACTSABRAMS, Philip (Sociology,
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Page 60 and 61: NEWBY, Howard (Sociology, Essex) "U
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(1979). Social Networks and Psychology. Connections, 2 - INSNA

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