(1979). Social Networks and Psychology. Connections, 2 - INSNA

More documents

Recommendations

Info

- 68 -Harry Eggan (Political Science, Amsterdam) and Peter Neijens (Free University of Amsterdam) "IntercorporateNetworks in the Dutch Oil Industry : Interlocking Directorates at Different Levels"Jeanne Becquart-Leclercq (Lille II) "Relational Networks of Mayors with Respect to Policy Outputs"Carsten Frerk (Political Science, Free University of Berlin) "Historical Changes in the Centrality of aPolitical Network"Kjell Eliassen (Political Science, Aarhus) and Erik Damgaard "Decision-Making Networks in Danish Law-Making""PROCESSES OF THE WORLD-SYSTEM" . 3d . ANNUAL POLITICAL ECONOMY OF THE WORLD SYSTEM CONFERENCE .Fernand BraudeZ Center, SUNY-Binghamton ; Binghamton, N .Y . 13 :01, U .S .A . May 11-13, 1979(Selected Papers)Immanuel Wallerstein (Braudel Center) and David Gordon (Economics, New School for Social Research) "TheUtility of Cycles and Trends--A Dialogue"(Several other sessions on political cycles and long waves)Thomas Holloway (History, Cornell) "Peasants, Proletarians, and Producers : Brazil, 1880-1940"Jason Clay (Anthro ., Harvard) "Agriculture and Social Organization in Brazil's Agreste, 1945-1978"Martin Murray (Soc ., SUNY-Binghamton) "The Development of Capitalism in South African Agriculture, 1902-1952"Cynthia H . Enloe (Gov ., Clark) "States' Ethnic Divisions of Labor in the World Political Economy"Charles C . Ragin (Soc ., Indiana) "The Political and Structural Bases of Celtic Resur~,ence in Britain"Charles Berquist (History, Duke) "Bourgeoisification and Proletarianization in the Semi-periphery : Working-Class Politics in Argentina and Chile Compared"Walter Goldfrank (Soc ., California--Santa Cruz) "Silk and Steel : Italy and Japan between the Wars"Robert Bach (Braudel Center) "Methodology of World-System Analysis : On the Holism of a World-System Perspective"(with Panel Discussion by Chris Chase-Dunn (Soc ., Johns Hopkins), Terence Hopkins (Braudel Center),Ramkrishna Mukherjee (Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta)AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE . National Meeting . January 3-8, 1979 . Houston, Texas,U .S .A . Among t7w Papers Presented :Eugene P . Erickson and William L . Yancey (Sociology, Temple) "Immigrants and their Opportunities : Philadelphia1850-1936"Edna Bonacich (Sociology, California-Riverside) "New Immigrant Small Business as a Form of Cheap Labor"Alejandro Portes (Sociology, Duke) and Robert L . Bach (SUNY- Binghamton) "Dual Labor Markets and Immigration :The Case of Recent Cuban and Mexican Immigration"A featured session was "The Frontiers of the Social Sciences : Anthropology, Biological Psychology, NetworkTheory and Methods" Participants were Charles Kadushin, Meredith P . Crawford, Priscilla Reining,Richard N . Adams, Sandra W . Scarr .URBAN CHANGE AND CONFLICT . Sponsored by the Centre for Environmental Studies (London) . January, 1979 .Nottingham .Abrams, Philip (Sociology, Durham) "Urban Collapse : Notes on the Non-Urban Nature of an Urban Phenomenon ."(Abstract in this issue)Roberts, Bryan (Sociology, Manchester) "Mobility of Labour, the Industrial Economy and State Provision ."(Abstract in this Issue)Saborit, Ignasi (Sociology, Manchester) "The Comparative Approach in Urban and Industrial Politics : Spainand England ."Elliott, Brian and David McCrone (Sociology, Edinburgh) "Power and Domination in the Modern City"Saunders, Peter (Sociology, Sussex) "Community Power, Urban Managerialism and the 'Local State"'Newby, Howard (Sociology, Essex) "Urbanization and the Rural Class Structure : A Case Study"(Abstract in this Issue) .Piven, Frances Fox (Political Science, Boston University) and Richard Cloward "State Structures andPolitical Protest : Notes Toward a Theory"Shapiro, Dan (Lancaster) "Industrial Relations in the Wilderness : Working for North Sea Oil ."(Abstract in this Issue) .MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF SOCIAL CHANGE . Bad Homburg, West Germany, March 15-17, 1979 .Organized by Hans Hummell (Duisberg, West Germany) . Selected Papers :Hamblin, Robert (Arizona-Tucson) "Modelling Political Conflict and Violence : Latin America 1946-1975"Nielsen, Francois (Chicago) "Political Competition and the Dynamics of Mobilization : The Rise of theFlemish Movement in Belgium"Kappelhoff, Peter (Kiel) "Dynamic Analysis in Friendship Networks"Diekmann, Andreas (Sociology, Hamburg) "A Dynamic Stochastic Version of the Pitcher-Hambtin-Miller Model of'Collective Violence "'(abstract in this issue)Sorensen, Aage B . (Sociology, Oslo & Wisconsin-Madison) "Career Patterns and Job Mobility"(Abstract in thisIssue)
-69-PAPERSRUDIMENTARY NETWORKS AMONG URBAN ORGANIZATIONS : NEW MODELINGS OF SOME CLASSIC IDEASHerman Turk (Sociology, University of Southern California) andMitsuyo Hanada (Institute of Business Administration and Management, Tokyo)ABSTRACT . The study of interorganizationaZ relations has provided an arena in which theoccurrence of network surrogates can be predicted using modern versions of order, numbers,ingroup-outgroup, and environmental-historical approaches . Predictive equations are provided,by way of illustration, for 104 of the largest cities in the United States . Isomorphismrequired departures from ubiquitous monotonic, linear and additive specification--a warning against premature commitment to "content-free" methodologies .The "star" (Moreno, 1936 : passim) or "wheel" (Bavelas, 1950) is a rudimentary network that falls justshort of a limit of no connections at all . Its importance to interorganizational theory, however, has beenemphasized by the concept of organization-set, which refers to a focal organization and those other organizationswith which it interacts (Evan 1966, 1976) . In keeping with community research but departing fromthose network inquiries that assume the focal organization as given, our pilot analyses explored theconditions under which one kind of focal organization emerges within undefined, but presumably complex,multi-organizational settings . To do so, we draw upon classic formulations of social structure and point toforms of specification other than ones in vogue .The Substantive ProblemTo the extent that the organizations within a common environment affect one another's fates, eitherthrough conflict or exchange, there is a tendency for them to come to terms with one another (Latham, 1959 ;Litwak and Hylton, 1962 ; Emery and Trist, 1965 ; Terreberry, 1968 ; Pfeffer and Salancik, 1978 : 143-187) .We explore this neo-Hobbesian account of accord arising out of chaos by seeking conditions under whichcities have certain kinds of voluntary associations that focus on shared interests among the organizationsin the area -- associations that might well be considered network foci .To do this, however, requires identifying not only the mutual needs for predictability and survivalthat encourage the existence of this kind of focal organization but also the deterrents to its occurrence .Here too we look to modern versions of classic social thought . First, although a complex multiorganizationalsetting generates the need for these common interest associations, its very complexity affectstheir ability to function . The sheer number of organizations generates need to articulate shared interestsbut at the same time impedes both the sharing and its discovery (Simmel, 1908 : 55-57, 473, 628-629) . Thesemutually opposing effects have been, respectively, conceived as well as shown to produce an inverted "U"in the case of statistical association between number of organizations and the occurrence of interorganizationallinkage (Litwak and Hylton, 1962 ; Pfeffer and Salancik, 1978 : 156-157, 166) . We predicted thisnonmonotonic relationship in the case of our city-wide associations .The second deterrent to the occurrence of such associations is rooted in the inverse relationship thathas been claimed -- on the basis of models of ingroup-outgroup relations, of system-subsystem conflict, andof mass society (reviewed by Turk, 1977 :65-66) -- between linkage or accord among the elements of a socialunit and how externally linked these elements are with elements outside the unit . Thus we predicted thatthe variety and number of a city's external links would have a negative effect on the occurence of citywideassociations .But still another classic problem is to establish conditions under which the properties of a socialunit (here the large city) affect one another directly, compared to their being more weakly coupled effectsof common environmental or historical causes . Parsons' adaptations of cybernetic approaches (1977 : passim .)as well as contemporary works on social constructions and on political economy raise this question quitegenerally . But it has also been raised in the special areas of small groups (Turk, 1961 ; Turk and Turk,1962 ; Cloyd, 1965), formal organizations (Aldrich and Pfeffer, 1976 ; Hannan and Freeman, 1977 ; Meyer andBrown, 1977 ; Meyer and Rowan, 1977) ; and -- most pertinently for our purposes -- in the area of relationshipsbetween locality and nation (Warren, Rose, and Bergunder, 1974, Turk, 1977 ; passim . ; Turk andHanada, 1978) .In the instance at hand we are interested in the conditions under which certain aspects of the large
Page 1 and 2: The International Network for Socia
Page 3 and 4: NETWORK NOTEBOOKTheEditors'Request
Page 5 and 6: - 63 -ditions of stagflationary cri
Page 7 and 8: Michael Pearlman . 1977a . "Great B
Page 9: - 67 -MIGRATION AND SETTLEMENT . (S
Page 13 and 14: provided the following improved spe
Page 15 and 16: - 73 -analysis and differentiates h
Page 17 and 18: - 75 -normally been intentionally e
Page 19 and 20: - 77 -classes" which are "in betwee
Page 21 and 22: - 79 -charisma . As a consequence,
Page 23 and 24: - 81 -URBAN SOCIOLOGY IN BRITAIN AN
Page 25 and 26: - 83 -Footnotes1 . Michael Harloe (
Page 27: - 85 -help make sense of interlocki
Page 30 and 31: - 88 -I have been illustrative rath
Page 32 and 33: - 9 0 -The only trouble with that c
Page 34 and 35: - 9 2 -RESEARCH REPORTSDATA OF MICR
Page 36 and 37: staff--two of whom are native Miski
Page 38 and 39: - 9 6 -SI'EQAL JOURNAL ISSUESAbstra
Page 40 and 41: - 98 -fits in a given industry of f
Page 42 and 43: - 100 -THESIS SUMMARIESTHE CONTENT
Page 44 and 45: - 1 0 2 -Since the theory postulate
Page 46 and 47: - 1 0 4 -financial dependence, inte
Page 48 and 49: - 1 0 6 -John Foster, 1974 . Class
Page 50 and 51: - 1 0 8 -Clearly, in order to find
Page 52 and 53: ANU-MACRONET2 . A PROGRAM FOR COMPU
Page 54 and 55: ABSTRACTSABRAMS, Philip (Sociology,
Page 56 and 57: This analysis is based upon Franco
Page 58 and 59: on the fact that they and those who
Page 60 and 61:
NEWBY, Howard (Sociology, Essex) "U
Page 62 and 63:
- 120 -SMITH, Christopher J . (Okla
show all

(1979). Social Networks and Psychology. Connections, 2 - INSNA

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?