highlight the significance of gender rolesand equality <strong>in</strong> improv<strong>in</strong>g nutrion andhealth: homestead food producon;l<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g small holders; and producermarkeng groups.nyurl.com/6j7m865“Agricultural Extension Services and<strong>Gender</strong> Equality: An InstuonalAnalysis of Four Districts <strong>in</strong> Ethiopia,”by Marc Cohen and Mamusha Lemma,<strong>2011</strong>, 44 pp. This paper exploreswhether decentralizaon has improvedthe quality of service delivery andcizen sasfacon with the servicesprovided, focus<strong>in</strong>g on agriculturalextension. Specifically, authors exam<strong>in</strong>ewhether services are responsive to theneeds and expressed demands of poorfarmers, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g women farmers.This arcle focuses on the <strong>in</strong>stuonalarrangements through which agriculturalextension services are provided andhow these contribute to efficiency,effecveness, and equity <strong>in</strong> servicedelivery. Authors carried out qualitaveresearch on these quesons <strong>in</strong> fourdistricts <strong>in</strong> four different regional states.F<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>in</strong>clude: (1) deployment ofextension agents to rural communies(kebeles) has <strong>in</strong>creased the agents’knowledge of local problems as well asaccess to extension services <strong>for</strong> bothfemale and male farmers; (2) rapidexpansion of the service has createdopportunies <strong>for</strong> women to becomeagents; and (3) both male and femaleagents offer services to women farmers.The authors conclude that greateremphasis on downward accountability <strong>in</strong>service provision would allow extensionagents to adapt their services to theneeds and knowledge of the farmers.nyurl.com/62au9ks“Do Men and Women AccumulateAssets <strong>in</strong> Different Ways?: Evidencefrom Rural Bangladesh,” by Agnes R.Quisumb<strong>in</strong>g, <strong>2011</strong>, 43 pp. This paperexam<strong>in</strong>es asset dynamics <strong>for</strong> husbandowned,wife-owned, and jo<strong>in</strong>tly ownedassets, us<strong>in</strong>g unique longitud<strong>in</strong>alsurvey data from rural Bangladesh.Nonparametric and parametric methodsare used to exam<strong>in</strong>e the shape of thedynamic asset froner, the numberof equilibria, and whether land andnon-land asset stocks converge to suchequilibria. The paper also <strong>in</strong>vesgatesthe differenal impact of negaveshocks and posive events on husbands’,wives’, and jo<strong>in</strong>tly owned assets.Husbands’ and wives’ asset stocksare drawn down <strong>for</strong> different k<strong>in</strong>ds ofshocks, with husbands’ assets be<strong>in</strong>gliquidated <strong>in</strong> response to death of ahousehold member and dowry andwedd<strong>in</strong>g expenses, and both husbands’and wives’ assets be<strong>in</strong>g negavelyaffected by illness shocks. The paperconcludes by draw<strong>in</strong>g out implicaons<strong>for</strong> the design of gender-sensive socialprotecon mechanisms.International <strong>Gender</strong> and TradeNetworknyurl.com/3d7sqb6“A <strong>Gender</strong> Primer of Trade andInvestment Policies,” by PamelaSparr, 2002, 11 pp. This paper looksat the policy measures put <strong>in</strong> place bygovernments to regulate <strong>in</strong>ternaonaltrade, and considers how thesemeasures relate to gender roles andrelaonships. It discusses the reasons<strong>for</strong> address<strong>in</strong>g gender <strong>in</strong> the context oftrade, argu<strong>in</strong>g that trade has differentimpacts on men and women, and thatmen and women respond differently totrade policies. It then analyzes severalkey policy measures <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g: tariffs,quotas, subsidies, exchange rates,capital controls/<strong>in</strong>vestment limitaons,<strong>in</strong>vestment <strong>in</strong>cenves, <strong>in</strong>tellectualproperty and non-tariff barriers. Foreach of these measures a def<strong>in</strong>ionis provided, as well as an outl<strong>in</strong>e ofpurpose and a gendered example. In thecase of tariffs, <strong>for</strong> example, the paperdescribes how <strong>in</strong> Senegal the lower<strong>in</strong>g oftariffs on foodstuffs has had an adverseeffect on a women’s tomato pastemicroenterprise which collapsed whencheap imports of tomatoes floodedthe market. The paper concludes byhighlighng the need to undertakesocial impact assessments with a stronggender component, which should becarried out be<strong>for</strong>e trade and <strong>in</strong>vestmentagreements are f<strong>in</strong>alized.Norwegian Agency <strong>for</strong> DevelopmentCooperationnyurl.com/5vnem“<strong>Gender</strong> Review: Royal NorwegianEmbassy Islamabad, Pakistan,”Peer Bauck, Janne Lexow, and JanneAndresen, <strong>2011</strong>, 52 pp. In 2007Norwegian M<strong>in</strong>istry of Foreign Affairs(MFA) adopted an acon plan <strong>for</strong>Women’s Rights and <strong>Gender</strong> Equality<strong>in</strong> Development Cooperaon (GEAP).The purpose of this gender review is tostrengthen the ef<strong>for</strong>ts of the Norwegianembassy <strong>in</strong> Pakistan <strong>in</strong> parcular to plan,implement, monitor, and report on howissues are promoted <strong>in</strong> programs and<strong>in</strong> the policy dialogue with partners.The paper demonstrates these twof<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>gs: first, that Pakistan’s gender<strong>in</strong>dicators are discourag<strong>in</strong>g s<strong>in</strong>ce itranks as one of the worst countries<strong>in</strong> the world <strong>in</strong> terms of gender gap;and second, that women’s hard-wonlegal rights are under pressure as theFederal Shariat Court (FSC) of Pakistanhas declared several crical clauses ofthe Protecon of Women Act of 2006unconstuonal. The report concludeswith recommendaons regard<strong>in</strong>gopportunies <strong>for</strong> the embassy toimprove gender ma<strong>in</strong>stream<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> theprogram follow up, and to strengthenthe <strong>in</strong>stuonalizaon of cross-cungconcerns at the embassy.Plan Internationalnyurl.com/3tc7f9w“Weather<strong>in</strong>g the Storm: AdolescentGirls and Climate Change” by A. Swarup,<strong>2011</strong>, 44 pp. Analyz<strong>in</strong>g how and whyclimate change disproporonatelyaffects adolescent girls, this reportseeks to <strong>in</strong><strong>for</strong>m decision-makers andpolicy analysts <strong>in</strong> countries fac<strong>in</strong>g thepressures of climate change about ways<strong>for</strong>ward. Us<strong>in</strong>g evidence collected fromEthiopia and Bangladesh, the reportdemonstrates that climate change isexpos<strong>in</strong>g a grow<strong>in</strong>g number of girlsand young women to very specificrisks. These risks <strong>in</strong>clude dy<strong>in</strong>g dur<strong>in</strong>gdisasters, endur<strong>in</strong>g early and <strong>for</strong>cedmarriages, be<strong>in</strong>g exposed to sexualviolence, and dropp<strong>in</strong>g out of school.MONOGRAPHS AND TECHNICAL REPORTS9
Rwanda Men Engage Networknyurl.com/3fcysap“Mascul<strong>in</strong>ity and <strong>Gender</strong>-BasedViolence <strong>in</strong> Rwanda: Experiences andPercepons of Men and Women,”2010, 58 pp. This report exam<strong>in</strong>es theresults of the first naonal householdsurvey conducted <strong>in</strong> Rwanda (fromJanuary 2010 to June 2010) regard<strong>in</strong>gmen and women’s perceponsof mascul<strong>in</strong>ity and gender-basedviolence (GBV). The experiences andop<strong>in</strong>ions of those surveyed werequantavely and qualitavely studied<strong>in</strong> relaon to the ways <strong>in</strong> which menare supposed to behave accord<strong>in</strong>g toRwandan sociocultural norms. The f<strong>in</strong>alsecon conta<strong>in</strong>s recommendaons<strong>for</strong> develop<strong>in</strong>g programs, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>gawareness tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>gs, psychosocialsupport and campaignswith a special focuson male environmentssuch as the police andarmy. This official reportwas commissionedby the Rwanda MenEngage Network andcoord<strong>in</strong>ated by theRwanda Men’s ResourceCentre.Save the ChildrenFundnyurl.com/3dwd22p“Champions <strong>for</strong> theChildren: State of theWorld’s Mothers,” <strong>2011</strong>,42 pp. This State of theWorld’s Mothers reportranks 164 countrieson women’s access tohealth care, educaonand opportunies.Whereas millionsof children are alivetoday because of past<strong>in</strong>vestments <strong>in</strong> lifesav<strong>in</strong>gprograms, the authorsnote that 22,000children sll perishper day, mostly frompreventable or treatablecauses. The authorscontend that Norway is the world’s bestplace to be a mother. Also, eight of the10 top-ranked countries are <strong>in</strong> WesternEurope, and the rema<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g two are <strong>in</strong>the southern hemisphere, with Australiarank<strong>in</strong>g second and New Zealand eighth.On the other hand, eight of the world’s10 worst countries to be a mother are <strong>in</strong>Sub-Saharan Africa. The worst place <strong>in</strong>the world to be a mother, accord<strong>in</strong>g tothe authors, is Afghanistan. The authorsargue that despite ongo<strong>in</strong>g conflictand ris<strong>in</strong>g civilian casuales, expecngmothers <strong>in</strong> Afghanistan are at least 200mes more likely to die dur<strong>in</strong>g childbirththan from bombs or bullets. In light ofthis, the authors conclude that whilemany countries are mak<strong>in</strong>g progress,many are sll lagg<strong>in</strong>g beh<strong>in</strong>d and thus<strong>in</strong> need of support. F<strong>in</strong>ally, the authorsargue that effecve soluons to thischallenge are af<strong>for</strong>dable—even <strong>in</strong> theworld’s poorest countries.United Nationsnyurl.com/6k7wncd“State of the World’s M<strong>in</strong>ories andIndigenous Peoples <strong>2011</strong>,” <strong>2011</strong>, 262pp. This year’s edion presents anoverview of the situaon of m<strong>in</strong>ority and<strong>in</strong>digenous women today, and <strong>in</strong>cludesdiscussions of gender-based violenceand armed conflict, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g theviolence that <strong>in</strong>digenous and m<strong>in</strong>oritywomen experience with<strong>in</strong> their owncommunies, and the difficules thatthey face <strong>in</strong> access<strong>in</strong>g jusce and supportfrom outside; consideraon of the lackof progress made towards achiev<strong>in</strong>gthe Millennium Development Goals <strong>for</strong>m<strong>in</strong>ority and <strong>in</strong>digenouswomen, with specialfocus on reproducverights and maternalmortality; <strong>in</strong>terviewsand special reports ontraffick<strong>in</strong>g, <strong>in</strong>terseconaldiscrim<strong>in</strong>aon, landseizures and women’spolical representaon;overviews of the humanrights situaon of m<strong>in</strong>oriesand <strong>in</strong>digenous peoples <strong>in</strong>every major world region.UN Womenprogress.unwomen.org“Progress Of The World’sWomen: In Pursuit OfJusce,” <strong>2011</strong>, 167 pp. Thisreport is UN Women’s firstmajor report, follow<strong>in</strong>gthe organizaon’s launch<strong>in</strong> early <strong>2011</strong>. It recognizesthe posive progressmade—139 countriesand territories nowguarantee gender equality<strong>in</strong> their constuons, <strong>for</strong>example—but also showsthat too oen, womenconnue to experience<strong>in</strong>jusce, violence and<strong>in</strong>equality <strong>in</strong> their home10MONOGRAPHS AND TECHNICAL REPORTS