Solar Cookers in the Third World - Detlef Schwefel

Klaus Kuhnke, Marianne Reuber, Detlef SchwefelSolar Cookers in the Third WorldVieweg

Klaus Kuhnke, Marianne Reuber, Detlef SchwefelSolar Cookers in the Third WorldEvaluation of the Prerequisites, Prospects andImpacts of an Innovative TechnologyA PublicationofDeutsches Zentrum für Entwicklungstechnologien - GA TEin: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbHFriedr. Vieweg & SohnBraunschweigjWiesbaden

The authors:Dr. Klaus Kuhnke is professor öf applied physics at the Fachhochschule ofOsnabrück,Germany. He taught solar energy at the Engineers' School of Tunis and worked forsome years in industry and research institutions in the field of thermal solar energyapplications.Marianne Reuber is a graduate in education science, majoring in education in the ThirdWorld and adult education. She has worked for the GTZ since 1986 as anappralser.Prof. Dr. Ter. pol. Detlef Schwefel works for over twenty years on socio-economicaspects of health and hea1th care. His work comprised planning and evaluation ofhealth and other projects in developed and developing countries, among them work onhealth indicators, evaluation methods and socio-economic risk factors.Second, revised and trans lated edition, 1990Deutsche Bibliothek Cataloguing-in-Publication Data'Kuhnke, Klaus:Solar cookers in the third world : evaluation of theprerequisites, prospects ahd impacts of an innovativetechnology ; apublication of Deutsches Zentrum fürEntwicklungstechnologien (GATE) in Deutsche Gesellschaftfür Technisch~ Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH / Klaus Kuhnke; Marianne Reuber ; Detlef Schwerel. - 1. Aufl. - Braunschweig; Wiesbaden: Vieweg, 1990ISBN 3-528-02056-3NE: Reuber, Marianne:; Schwefel, Detlef:The author's opinion does not necessarilyrepresent the view of the publisher.All rights reserved.© Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH, Eschborn 1990.Published by Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, BraunschweigVieweg is a subsidiary company of the Bertelsmann Publishing Group International.Printed in the Federal Republic of Germany by Lengericher Handelsdruckerei, LengerichISBN 3-528-02056-3\J

IIITable of ContentsList of Photos/Illustrations VList of Tables VIITypes of Solar Cookers VIIISigns & Symbols............................................ IX1.Introduction '............................. 12.2.12.1.12.1. 22.1. 32.1. 42.22.2.12.2.22.2.32.2.42.2.52.2.62.32.3.12.3.22.3.32.3.42.3.52.3.62.3.72.3.82.3.92.3.102.3.112.4Solar cookers and solar cooker projects 6Types and techniques................................ 6Box-type solar cookers 6Reflector cookers and concentrators 14Heat-accumulating solar cookers 19Steam cookers 23Function. .......................................... 25Solar radiation energy ·................... 25Transfer mechanisms 26Loss mechanisms 28Efficiency 31Cooking and baking: temperatures and performance 33Thermal output ·35Solar cooker projects 38India'snational solar cooker program 38Indo-German Dhauladhar project 42ATDO project in Pakistan 44Orangi project in Pakistan 46SERVE solar cooker project in Pakistan 46Solar cooker project in North Horr, Kenya 49GTZ project Sobako 1 in Kenya .....•................ 50GTZ solar cooker project in Mali 52Sudanese special energy program 53The Chinese solar cooker developmentand dissemination project 54Lessons to be drawn .56Staie of the cirt and diffusion _.. 57

IV3.3.13.23.33.43.53.63.73.83.93.103.113.123.13Conditions of acceptance for solar cookers 62Preliminary notes ......•................ ,.......... 62Solar radiation 63Energy demand..... ................................. 70Social situation 78Dietary patterns 81Eating habits 87Cooking hab its ...............................•..... 89Use of stoves, fireplaces, "and hearths 92"Solar cooker technology 98Economic efficiency 103Direct and indirect impacts 111General conditions of acceptance 113Summary "..................... 1164.5.Questions concerning solar cookers andsolar cooker projects 117References. ....................................... 122Appendix 1: Solar cooking devices 136- Preliminary notes 136- Box-type solar cookers 138- Reflector cookers 165- Heat-accumulating solar cookers 193- Convective solar cookers , 204- Comparative survey " 209Appendix 2: Self-construction directions for theULOG tropical solar cooker 214Key terms: Solar cooker: technology, diffusion, evaluation,acceptance,projects