integrated coastal zone management project west ... - Iczmpwb.org
integrated coastal zone management project west ... - Iczmpwb.org integrated coastal zone management project west ... - Iczmpwb.org
147the Antarctic and Indo-Australian plate) for a distance of 15 m gaining maximum net verticalheight of 6 m in the ocean floor in a time span of 500 second. The maximum run upelevation of the tsunami reached in Tamil Nadu coast was 5.2 m and the maximum lateralinundation had been 800 m in Nagapatnam. In Andaman Island the maximum run upelevation and the maximum lateral inundation had been 7 m and 2000 m respectively. Thereis no evidence to show that the tsunami waves reached the coastal zone of West Bengal. Thezone of rupture along with the displacement that took place is an active one and it continuesto the north covered by recent bay sediments up to the mouth of Ganges-Brahmaputra River.It may not be possible with the present state of our knowledge to say definitely about thereturn period of tsunamis that may be generated in the Bay of Bengal in near future due toactive tectonism along the Sumatra-Andaman subduction zone and also their magnitude.However, keeping in mind the tectonic set up in the Bay Bengal with an active subductionzone running from Indonesia to Andaman and Nicobar Islands and further north, it is notimprobable that a tsunami may be generated if there is a rupture in the sea bed along thesubduction zone in the near future. The experience of the 2004 tsunami brought out thatalthough the occurrence of a tsunami is a low frequency but high magnitude natural eventbringing in unprecedented disaster, there is hardly any provision in current coastal zonemanagement plan to mitigate the threats posed in the coastal states of India especially thosebordering the Bay of Bengal and islands in the Bay. Therefore it is imperative that whileformulating the ICZMP of West Bengal, investigations on run up distance and altitude andmitigation measures including mechanism to receive early warnings related to probabletsunami that may be generated in the Bay of Bengal in the future are adequately providedfor.D.6.5 Hazards from Man’s activitiesStress on marine life and resources115. Undersize fishing, fishing in breeding season, use of detrimental fishing gear, andbuilding of dams and embankments are posing major threats to the fish resources of WestBengal coast inclusive of the Sundarban areas. Added to this, pollution of estuarine andcoastal water has led to survival of only pollution resistant aquatic species and depletion ofbio-diversity in certain parts of the coastal water bodies. West Bengal government is tryingits best to stop the bad practices. Due to shrinking fish population many fishermen in theseareas are compelled to leave their profession. Fishing on permit basis is now limited to thebuffer area of Sundarban. But large scale catching of tiger prawn seeds in Sundarban iscausing reduction in mullet population of other fishes.
148Dredging in and around Haldia port116. Haldia being an estuarine port on a major river, the channels leading to the portrequires regular maintenance dredging for keeping a minimum draft to allow large ships toanchor in the port. The dredged materials are often disposed in the channel itself away fromthe ship channels. The channels over years show migration from one path to another withinthe wide funnel shaped estuary some times making capital dredging essential to open up achannel with adequate draft. River training works to maintain the dredged channel is alsopart of the maintenance work. Although dredging is unavoidable in and around the Haldiaport, nevertheless it disturbs the bottom dwelling organisms and their habitat.Oil and hazardous waste spilling117. The major incidents that lead to oil spills are the collision, grounding and otheraccidents by ships and especially tankers that carry petroleum products to the Haldia andKolkata ports and such vessels cruising off from Paradeep port. The coastal pipelinescarrying petroleum crude from Paradeep to Haldia and Haldia to Barauni are also susceptibleto accidental leakage in coastal area through which they pass. Minor oil spills may occur incoastal areas of Sundarban and off-shore areas of West Bengal coast (having fishing andother activities involving mechanized boats) from accidents involving fishing trawlers, ferrylaunches carrying passengers and ships/barges carrying various cargos including thosecarrying fly ash to Bangladesh. The port facilities at Haldia and Kolkata and Indian OilCorporation installations are having arrangements and protocols in place that preventcollision and/or grounding of ships/tankers/barges. Even then absence of more advancednavigational instruments and human error may lead to oil spills endangering marine life.Appropriate contingency plans that are in place require constant review and upgradation soas to tackle oil spills of at least 100 tonnes. In the inhabited areas of Sundarban, there areconsiderable riverine traffic for various communication and economic activities. Theauthorities need to develop contingency plan in case of accidental oil seepage and hazardouswaste like fly ash spilling from accidents and/or malfunctioning of the plying vessels.Seawater intrusion in paddy fields due to failure of embankments118. Agriculture is extensively practiced in coastal areas of West Bengal. In the nearabsence of any surface water irrigation scheme and as ground water occurs at considerabledepth, the agriculture is dependent on monsoon rainfall. However, the meso and macro tidesalong the West Bengal coast coupled with storm surges during the cyclone months tend toflood the agricultural fields with brackish to salt water. To prevent the agricultural fieldsfrom salt water intrusion in the Sundarban areas, extensive embankments have been
- Page 1 and 2: INTEGRATED COASTALZONE MANAGEMENTPR
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- Page 9 and 10: 84. Agriculture is the major occupa
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- Page 13 and 14: 12small estuary to the east is Jald
- Page 15 and 16: 14Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO in 20
- Page 17 and 18: 16Plotosus canius, Pompus argenteus
- Page 19 and 20: 18huge Ganges catchment. Pollution
- Page 21 and 22: 20Bengal. The port handles over 28
- Page 23 and 24: 2240. The Act is one of the major e
- Page 25 and 26: 24norms. The area up to 200 metres
- Page 27 and 28: 261. No construction to be permitte
- Page 29 and 30: 28survey of flora, fauna, forests a
- Page 31 and 32: 30so far. The major research areas
- Page 33 and 34: 32connected with the Bengal Smoke N
- Page 35 and 36: 34Authority has been given wide ran
- Page 37 and 38: 36technical field staff in biodiver
- Page 39 and 40: 38In RupeesDepartment of GOWBYear20
- Page 41 and 42: 144some sources of residual oil, gr
- Page 43: 146111. The east coast of India is
- Page 47 and 48: 150market forces. The average econo
- Page 49 and 50: 152131. The outcome of the importan
- Page 51 and 52: 154STRENGTH WEAKNESS OPPORTUNITIES
- Page 53 and 54: 156B. Project Objectives and Key In
- Page 55 and 56: 158continue to earn their livelihoo
- Page 57 and 58: 160Component A.1 - Prevention of co
- Page 59 and 60: 162meander scrolls, now abandoned,
- Page 61 and 62: 164carried down to Sagar Island by
- Page 63 and 64: 166Dublat the formation of a spit,
- Page 65 and 66: 16827.33 crores having a works cost
- Page 67 and 68: 170180. When plantation are raised
- Page 69 and 70: 172Name of MouzaAdministrativeBlock
- Page 71 and 72: 174F.2 Component B - Pollution prev
- Page 73: 176192. Creation of pay and use toi
- Page 76 and 77: 179199. The work elements to arrive
- Page 78 and 79: 181environmental pollution goes una
- Page 80 and 81: 183Number of (35 cm X 25 cm size) B
- Page 82 and 83: 185Litter bins - 10 litres capacity
- Page 84 and 85: 187indirectly to the Bay of Bengal
- Page 86 and 87: 189Agricultural 120 Water works 10S
- Page 88 and 89: 191243. The following tanks will be
- Page 90 and 91: 193248. A three-storied building ha
- Page 92 and 93: 195underground SW pipes to be laid
147the Antarctic and Indo-Australian plate) for a distance of 15 m gaining maximum net verticalheight of 6 m in the ocean floor in a time span of 500 second. The maximum run upelevation of the tsunami reached in Tamil Nadu coast was 5.2 m and the maximum lateralinundation had been 800 m in Nagapatnam. In Andaman Island the maximum run upelevation and the maximum lateral inundation had been 7 m and 2000 m respectively. Thereis no evidence to show that the tsunami waves reached the <strong>coastal</strong> <strong>zone</strong> of West Bengal. The<strong>zone</strong> of rupture along with the displacement that took place is an active one and it continuesto the north covered by recent bay sediments up to the mouth of Ganges-Brahmaputra River.It may not be possible with the present state of our knowledge to say definitely about thereturn period of tsunamis that may be generated in the Bay of Bengal in near future due toactive tectonism along the Sumatra-Andaman subduction <strong>zone</strong> and also their magnitude.However, keeping in mind the tectonic set up in the Bay Bengal with an active subduction<strong>zone</strong> running from Indonesia to Andaman and Nicobar Islands and further north, it is notimprobable that a tsunami may be generated if there is a rupture in the sea bed along thesubduction <strong>zone</strong> in the near future. The experience of the 2004 tsunami brought out thatalthough the occurrence of a tsunami is a low frequency but high magnitude natural eventbringing in unprecedented disaster, there is hardly any provision in current <strong>coastal</strong> <strong>zone</strong><strong>management</strong> plan to mitigate the threats posed in the <strong>coastal</strong> states of India especially thosebordering the Bay of Bengal and islands in the Bay. Therefore it is imperative that whileformulating the ICZMP of West Bengal, investigations on run up distance and altitude andmitigation measures including mechanism to receive early warnings related to probabletsunami that may be generated in the Bay of Bengal in the future are adequately providedfor.D.6.5 Hazards from Man’s activitiesStress on marine life and resources115. Undersize fishing, fishing in breeding season, use of detrimental fishing gear, andbuilding of dams and embankments are posing major threats to the fish resources of WestBengal coast inclusive of the Sundarban areas. Added to this, pollution of estuarine and<strong>coastal</strong> water has led to survival of only pollution resistant aquatic species and depletion ofbio-diversity in certain parts of the <strong>coastal</strong> water bodies. West Bengal government is tryingits best to stop the bad practices. Due to shrinking fish population many fishermen in theseareas are compelled to leave their profession. Fishing on permit basis is now limited to thebuffer area of Sundarban. But large scale catching of tiger prawn seeds in Sundarban iscausing reduction in mullet population of other fishes.
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