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145being the Shankapur Creek east of Digha. The outstanding management problems at themoment are related to the erosion of the dune face at Digha, a process that, according toanecdotal evidence probably commenced around 1950 and beach lowering. Before 1960s,there were an accretional zone in New Digha, an erosional zone at old Digha and anaccretional zone at Sankarpur Dadanpatrabar region. Recent analysis shows that along DighaSankarpur coast six contrasting accretional and erosional segments could be identified.Being a popular tourist resort, coastal erosion is therefore a critical issue in coastal zonemanagement in this sector of West Bengal coast.Sundarban areas inclusive of Sagar110. Researchers from School of Oceanography, Jadavpur University undertook a timeseries analysis of the change in the shape, size and geomorphic features of the islands over aperiod of 32 years (1969-2001). The important observations regarding the erosion accretionpattern of the island system can be summarized as follows:1. Total erosion over the 30 years time span is estimated to be 162.879 sq.km. Fewislands like Lohachara and Bedford (6.212 sq. km.) have already vanished from themap.2. Erosion zones are most prominent among the 12 sea facing southern islands fromSagar to the west to Bhangaduni in the east. The southwestern corners of the islandsare particularly susceptible to sustained erosion. Erosion is also seen along the seafacing shoreline that is oblique to the incoming waves.3. The western banks of the inner islands are more vulnerable to erosion than theeastern banks and the rate of retreat of western banks is more severe. Accretion islocalized in the inner estuaries particularly along eastern and northern margins andalong the coasts of islands trending parallel to the incoming waves. The amount ofland accretion over the past 30 years is estimated at 82.505 sq. km.4. Within the island system, the Sagar island has suffered the bulk of erosion with anareal loss of 30 sq. km. with marginal accretion.The net loss in land area in the eastern part of West Bengal coastal zone is probably due toerosion and/or submergence attributed to sea level rise consequent upon recent climatechange and global warming. Therefore, in this sector of West Bengal coast coastal erosion isa key issue in coastal zone management.D.6.4 Other Natural Disasters IssuesCyclones
146111. The east coast of India is prone to incidences of cyclones. Records of incidence ofcyclonic storms and severe cyclonic storms in Orissa section of the Bay of Bengal of IndiaMeteorological Department (1877 to 1980) give the average month wise numbers as follows:January 0 (0) July 36(7) April-May 8(7)February 0 (0) August 29(4) June-September 118(22)March 0(0) September 29(8) October-December 29(14)April 0(0) October 20(9) Annual 155(43)May 8(7) November 9(5)June 24(3) December 0(0)The probable maximum storm surge in metres that expected is as follows:Contai – 12.5 Sagar – 11.5 Moore Island - 8.5Earthquakes112. There are records of a number of moderate magnitude (M 4 to 5.5) earthquakes inthe coastal areas of West Bengal. A few of them are : 11.10.1937 (22.6/88.4) with intensityX, 9.12.1852 (22.4/88.4) with magnitude 5.7, 23.1.1860 (21.8/87.8) with magnitude 5.0,26.12.1906 (22.6/88.4) with magnitude 5.0, 15.4.1964 (21.7/87.7) Contai earthquake withmagnitude 5, 27.4.1993 (22.0/88.0) with magnitude 4.2 and 12.6.1993 (21.8/89.7) withmagnitude 5.7. Depth of focus of thee earthquake events varies from a few km to 60 km. Themaximum intensity reached around the mouth of Ganga has been VIII in MM scale.113. The Indian Bureau of Standard has divided the whole country into 4 zones (Zone IIto V according to the expected earthquake hazard potential of the country – zone II havingminimum vulnerability and zone V having maximum hazard potential. According to thisclassification, coastal areas of West Bengal east of the mouth of Ganga fall in zone IVhaving expected earthquake intensity of VII in MSK scale. The coastal areas lying west ofmouth of Ganga fall in zone III having expected earthquake intensity of VII in MSK scale.Therefore, it is clear that the coastal areas of West Bengal are vulnerable to face damages byearthquake of moderate magnitudeTsunamis114. A major and devastating tsunami affected parts of coastal areas of Andaman &Nicobar Islands and coastal states of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Kerala on December26, 2004. The tsunami was generated because of an earthquake (M 9.1) in the Bay ofBengal. The earthquake and the attendant tsunami originated due to westward thrust given tothe water column of the ocean by a landmass (Myanmar, Andaman and Sunda micro-plate)measuring 1200 km by 150 km that moved along the inclined plane (subduction zone) over
Page 1 and 2: INTEGRATED COASTALZONE MANAGEMENTPR
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Page 9 and 10: 84. Agriculture is the major occupa
Page 11 and 12: 10volume of sediment carried by the
Page 13 and 14: 12small estuary to the east is Jald
Page 15 and 16: 14Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO in 20
Page 17 and 18: 16Plotosus canius, Pompus argenteus
Page 19 and 20: 18huge Ganges catchment. Pollution
Page 21 and 22: 20Bengal. The port handles over 28
Page 23 and 24: 2240. The Act is one of the major e
Page 25 and 26: 24norms. The area up to 200 metres
Page 27 and 28: 261. No construction to be permitte
Page 29 and 30: 28survey of flora, fauna, forests a
Page 31 and 32: 30so far. The major research areas
Page 33 and 34: 32connected with the Bengal Smoke N
Page 35 and 36: 34Authority has been given wide ran
Page 37 and 38: 36technical field staff in biodiver
Page 39 and 40: 38In RupeesDepartment of GOWBYear20
Page 41: 144some sources of residual oil, gr
Page 45 and 46: 148Dredging in and around Haldia po
Page 47 and 48: 150market forces. The average econo
Page 49 and 50: 152131. The outcome of the importan
Page 51 and 52: 154STRENGTH WEAKNESS OPPORTUNITIES
Page 53 and 54: 156B. Project Objectives and Key In
Page 55 and 56: 158continue to earn their livelihoo
Page 57 and 58: 160Component A.1 - Prevention of co
Page 59 and 60: 162meander scrolls, now abandoned,
Page 61 and 62: 164carried down to Sagar Island by
Page 63 and 64: 166Dublat the formation of a spit,
Page 65 and 66: 16827.33 crores having a works cost
Page 67 and 68: 170180. When plantation are raised
Page 69 and 70: 172Name of MouzaAdministrativeBlock
Page 71 and 72: 174F.2 Component B - Pollution prev
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Page 76 and 77: 179199. The work elements to arrive
Page 78 and 79: 181environmental pollution goes una
Page 80 and 81: 183Number of (35 cm X 25 cm size) B
Page 82 and 83: 185Litter bins - 10 litres capacity
Page 84 and 85: 187indirectly to the Bay of Bengal
Page 86 and 87: 189Agricultural 120 Water works 10S
Page 88 and 89: 191243. The following tanks will be
Page 90 and 91: 193248. A three-storied building ha
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195underground SW pipes to be laid
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197 one public change room in betwe
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199construction of a toilet blockla
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201Component E.1 - Capacity buildin
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203Status of surface water resource
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205Procurement of digital data prod
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207activity in a mangrove swamp. Ho
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209299. The project cost has been e
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211expenditure sanction and payment
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213ICZMP-WEST BENGAL-Institutional
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215ICZM Project Management UnitProj
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Who will do what?217332. The specif
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219333. A website will be set up an
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221road and water transport facilit
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223
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TenureSalaryRecruitment planWho is
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166348. In addition, two Junior Tec
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168well as the officials of PMU wil
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170understood and followed by the S
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172publication of award of contract
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174evolved in response to the crise
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176will be at the core of the EMP.
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178SlNo12Title of thecomponent/subc
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182SlNo910Title of thecomponent/sub
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186SlNoTitle of thecomponent/subcom
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188387. A solid data base as part o
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190stations. Cyclone related data a
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192 yearly monitoring through field
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194D2. Program Management Reports40
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