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186SlNoTitle of thecomponent/subcomponentMajorprogrammeelementsbe procuredMonitoring andevaluation ofthe precisionand accuracy ofthe procuredinstrumentsconcurrentlywith theclimate changeresearchYear1 2 3 4 5--- ----- ----- ----- -----SECTION V - MONTORING AND EVALUATIONA. Objective382. Monitoring has traditionally been defined as a continuous or periodic process ofcollecting and analyzing data to measure the performance of a program, project, or activity.As an integral and continuing part of project/program management, it provides managers andstakeholders with regular feedback on implementation and progress towards the attainmentof stated objectives. Monitoring enables management to take appropriate corrective action toachieve desired results. Effective monitoring requires baseline data, as well as indicators ofperformance and related measurements, regular reporting, and a feedback mechanism formanagement decision-making.383. Evaluation, on the other hand, is systematic and independent assessments of ongoingor completed projects or programs, their design, implementation and results, which aim todetermine whether the actions taken have produced the desired results. Ideally, evaluationshould be a continuous process through which measures of performance are defined andsystematically compared with program goals and objectives. It may also be undertakenperiodically during the lifetime of a program. In practice, evaluations are used by managersto improve their own performance (adaptive management), as well as for reporting(accountability) or as lessons learned to improve future planning.384. The objective of Monitoring and Evaluation (M & E) of each component of StateICZMP is, therefore, to track through suitable means that the execution of the work programof each component is progressing as per schedule in terms of physical targets, allotted time