integrated coastal zone management project west ... - Iczmpwb.org

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9almost the whole of North Dinajpur are often referred physiographically as Mahananda plain.The spectacular Barind upland (Balurghat and Gaur plains) that covers eastern part of Maldaand South Dinajpur districts forms valley wall to the Mahananda plain.7. A number of physiographic zones are easily discernable in the southern West Bengalwest of the Bhagirathi-Hugli River. In the southwestern corner of the Purulia district,dissected outliers of the Ranchi plateau known as the Ayodhya plateau having an altitude ofover 450m stand as blocks of highland. Further south of the Ayodhya plateau runs the Dalmahills separated from it by the alluvial deposits of Kumari River. The rest of the Puruliadistrict and a small part of the adjoining Bankura, Birbhum and West Medinipur districts canbe described as high plain (Purulia upland) sloping eastward. The Rarh upland with ferraliticsoil cover is present to the east of Purulia upland. The Upland is undulating in charactersubjected to severe soil erosion. To the east an extensive fluvial plain known from north tosouth as Kandi plain, Mayurakshi plain, lower Damodar plain, west Bhagirathi plain andMedinipur plain make up the landscape of this low lying area. South of the Damodar Riverand also within the Medinipur Plain water-logged marshy areas (now partially reclaimed),like the Dankuni, Ghatal and Dubda basins are characteristic back swamp areas of thelandscape. The landscape east of the Bhagirathi river up to the Bangladesh border (thewestern part of the upper delta plain of the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta) is made up ofoverlapping and cross cutting meander belts of which the oldest is the proto-Padma meanderbelt running from north to south up to the northern limit of the lower delta plain.8. The Kanthi coastal plain lying between the estuary of the Subarnarekha River andHugli River is a northeast-southwest trending coastal zone characterized by rows of beachridges and intervening low-lying swales (mudflats). The sea front is in dynamic equilibriumwith some stretches experiencing erosion while the other part is accreting although net losshas been indicated. The coast is a meso-tidal wave dominated coast. The wave environmentof the Kanthi coast is dominated by wind driven waves coming from SE or SSE. Waveheight in the open sea is below 1 m which increases substantially as the waves move oversloping near shore sea bottom (the bathymetric contours are mostly shore parallel) at a smallangle to the coast line. The predominant direction of littoral drift is from west to eastalthough a mild littoral drift from east to west during winter months has been recorded. The9
10volume of sediment carried by the long shore drift is in the order of 455,000 cubic metre permonth during the monsoon.9. The Ganga (Hugli) delta in the south 24 Parganas district is a tide dominated delta.The tidal ranges sometimes exceed 5m. The area supports a dense mangrove forest, known asSundarban, in the inter-distributary marshes of large funnel-shaped estuaries opening to thesea (southwards) with wide mudflats exposed during the low tide. The biologicalproductivity of the mangrove plants are very high and contributes to the built up of the landby decaying material that combines with the fine sediments trapped by the mangrove roots.The entire landscape is, therefore, made up of islands separated by tidal channels. The deltais apparently formed by amalgamation of islands that are in various stages of welding in ajig-saw puzzle pattern. Extensive embankments have been constructed along some of thecreeks to prevent overtopping of banks on to the inter-distributary low lying areas. Narrowsilty to sandy beaches are present along the sea front of the islands facing directly to the sea.The off-shore areas of the delta are characterized by coast-perpendicular tidal shoals andchannels up to the shelf edge. Near the coast, some tidal shoals are exposed during the lowtide and are rapidly colonized by mangrove plants. The shoals gradually grow in size bytrapping of sediments and organic debris to ultimately accrete to the main land mass. Theprocess of delta accretion through this process has now ceased due to reasons not understoodprecisely. Sea level rise could be one of the factors. Connected with this event is the apparentnet loss of land by erosion of the coast along the entire sea front of the Sundarban.C. Coastal Resources/Marine areas of West Bengal10. The length of the coastline in West Bengal is 220 km with a coastal zone [stretchingfrom LTL to 500 m (as CRZ) inland and up to the landward extension of the successiveseries of older sand dune stretching up to Orissa Coast Canal in the western part; and LTL toDampier-Hodges line, which serves as the boundary of the Sundarban Biosphere Reserve,also sensu stricto physiographically] of about 9,630 square km. The coastal zone supports anapproximate population of 7 million.11. Based on tidal amplitude only, West Bengal coast can be sub-divided into twodifferent coastal environments namely (Figure 3):1. The macro tidal (tidal range > 4 m) Hugli estuarine plain characterized by anetwork of creeks encompassing the islands with spectacular mangrove vegetation10
Page 1 and 2: INTEGRATED COASTALZONE MANAGEMENTPR
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Page 9: 84. Agriculture is the major occupa
Page 13 and 14: 12small estuary to the east is Jald
Page 15 and 16: 14Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO in 20
Page 17 and 18: 16Plotosus canius, Pompus argenteus
Page 19 and 20: 18huge Ganges catchment. Pollution
Page 21 and 22: 20Bengal. The port handles over 28
Page 23 and 24: 2240. The Act is one of the major e
Page 25 and 26: 24norms. The area up to 200 metres
Page 27 and 28: 261. No construction to be permitte
Page 29 and 30: 28survey of flora, fauna, forests a
Page 31 and 32: 30so far. The major research areas
Page 33 and 34: 32connected with the Bengal Smoke N
Page 35 and 36: 34Authority has been given wide ran
Page 37 and 38: 36technical field staff in biodiver
Page 39 and 40: 38In RupeesDepartment of GOWBYear20
Page 41 and 42: 144some sources of residual oil, gr
Page 43 and 44: 146111. The east coast of India is
Page 45 and 46: 148Dredging in and around Haldia po
Page 47 and 48: 150market forces. The average econo
Page 49 and 50: 152131. The outcome of the importan
Page 51 and 52: 154STRENGTH WEAKNESS OPPORTUNITIES
Page 53 and 54: 156B. Project Objectives and Key In
Page 55 and 56: 158continue to earn their livelihoo
Page 57 and 58: 160Component A.1 - Prevention of co
Page 59 and 60: 162meander scrolls, now abandoned,
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164carried down to Sagar Island by
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166Dublat the formation of a spit,
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16827.33 crores having a works cost
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170180. When plantation are raised
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172Name of MouzaAdministrativeBlock
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174F.2 Component B - Pollution prev
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176192. Creation of pay and use toi
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179199. The work elements to arrive
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181environmental pollution goes una
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183Number of (35 cm X 25 cm size) B
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185Litter bins - 10 litres capacity
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187indirectly to the Bay of Bengal
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189Agricultural 120 Water works 10S
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191243. The following tanks will be
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193248. A three-storied building ha
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195underground SW pipes to be laid
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197 one public change room in betwe
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199construction of a toilet blockla
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201Component E.1 - Capacity buildin
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203Status of surface water resource
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205Procurement of digital data prod
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207activity in a mangrove swamp. Ho
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209299. The project cost has been e
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211expenditure sanction and payment
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213ICZMP-WEST BENGAL-Institutional
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215ICZM Project Management UnitProj
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Who will do what?217332. The specif
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219333. A website will be set up an
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221road and water transport facilit
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223
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TenureSalaryRecruitment planWho is
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166348. In addition, two Junior Tec
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168well as the officials of PMU wil
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170understood and followed by the S
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172publication of award of contract
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174evolved in response to the crise
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176will be at the core of the EMP.
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178SlNo12Title of thecomponent/subc
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182SlNo910Title of thecomponent/sub
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186SlNoTitle of thecomponent/subcom
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188387. A solid data base as part o
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190stations. Cyclone related data a
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192 yearly monitoring through field
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194D2. Program Management Reports40
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