global environmental legislation guide - National Marine ...

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• Based on IARC's classification, the Danish occcupational safety and healthadministration chose to adopt the IARC 2B and set a 25-ppm workplace ceiling valuein 1994.• Health Canada, co-administrator with Environment Canada of the CanadianEnvironmental Protection Act (CEPA), concluded that styrene is "non-toxic," and assuch does not require regulation under CEPA. As part of its internal evaluation,Health Canada's classification structure required that styrene be classified as a classIII possible human carcinogen, largely following the IARC conclusion.• The United Kingdom's Health and Safety Executive (HSE) has drafted acomprehensive risk assessment for styrene on behalf of the European Union. It wascompleted between 2005 and 2007 and concludes that there is no concern for cancerin workers or community members.• A thorough assessment by the Texan commission on environmental quality,completed in 2008, found that the data on styrene did not support a concern forcancer.• In 2008, an international panel of top epidemiologists reviewed the studies of morethan 60,000 workers exposed to styrene and determined that there is no support fora concern for cancer in humans.• In 2008, US - federal register notice, the department of health and human ServicesNational Toxicology Program (NTP) proposed to list styrene as a "reasonablyanticipated" carcinogen in the NTP's 12th Report on Carcinogens (RoC).• The US EPA Office of Environmental Health Assessment concluded in a February 2010draft report that styrene should be considered to be a "carcinogen for thedevelopment of a health-protective level in drinking water". U.S. EPA is reviewingstyrene data to prepare an updated listing for the agency's integrated riskinformation system database.Updates:• Following the conclusions of the EPA Office of Environmental Health Assessment, seeabove item. The US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) has listing on10 June 2011 styrene in its “12 th report on carcinogens” as a substance that is“reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen”. The US HHS publishes undercongressional mandate.o The statement of US HHS department has been attributed in whole or part bySIRC. Legal processes have started and the results are expected before end of2011.o NNMA has presented their statement and are challenging the decision andpublication of the US HHS Department.40
Based on above global policy developments, the following occupational exposure limitsare set in various European countries and the United StatesLimit values are in ppm.1. Austria 202. Belgium 503. Denmark 254. Finland 205. France 506. Germany 207. Ireland 508. Italy 209. Netherlands 2510. Norway 2511. Spain 2012. UK 10013. USA 20Other countries are to be added.B. Emissions to the Environment;Assessment of styrene emission controls for yacht and boat building industries in the USand Europe:USA:The fiberglass-reinforced plastics (FRP/C) and fiberglass boat building industries have manyalternatives for reducing styrene emissions. Styrene emissions can be reduced by using resinmaterials and application equipment that generate less styrene emissions, improvingoperator techniques to reduce overspray, changing open-moulding processes to closedmouldingprocesses and using add-on emission control devices. The actual reductionachieved by these alternatives, taken separately or in various combinations, can vary widely.Lacking the regulatory mandates, add-on pollution control systems are not often used toreduce styrene emissions in the FRP/C and boat building industries. Low concentrations andhigh air flow rates also have made conventional emission controls very expensive and insome cases less efficient in destroying the emissions. The FRP/C and boat building industriesneed information. To meet this need, the cost and performance of several conventional andemerging add-on pollution control technologies and air flow management practices,potentially applicable to these industries, have been evaluated.Europe:More than 60 publications and reports were found to contain usable data on styreneexposure of workers in the European FRP/GRP industry. The data also show that efforts tolower styrene emissions have been very effective, as the following findings will show:• Styrene emissions and exposure in the open mould sector of the GRP industry hasfallen by an average of more than 3% per year over the last 32 years.41
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