Guide to Nongovernmental Organizations for the Military

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willing and able to provide assistance and protection for IDPs. Refugees, however, are under the protection of UNHCR. Understanding this distinction can aid the military in knowing who to call to discuss provision and protection for these displaced populations. A Guide to NGOs for the Military n Chapter 2. Introduction to NGOs 24
Chapter 2. Introduction to NGOs Nongovernmental organizations are essential to humanitarian relief in bringing years of experience in public health and preventive medicine programming to a crisis zone. More than 90 percent of aid coordinated by the United Nations is provided by NGOs, 95 percent of which is provided by only 35 to 40 major American and European organizations. 45 NGOs worldwide number in the thousands and vary widely in their performance, professionalism, sense of responsibility, and attention to standards in accordance with the Humanitarian Code of Conduct. 46 The term humanitarian community refers to the body of organizations and individuals dedicated to providing assistance to people in need internationally. Organizations Executive Summary NGOs are a major component of the global aid system. NGOs respond to all types of complex humanitarian emergencies and natural disasters. Understanding NGOs is vital in today’s complex world of humanitarian emergencies and assistance-disaster response operations. NGOs follow codified, well-tested international standards of care. NGOs are defined by their voluntary, independent, and not-for-profit status. NGOs have unique charters and missions. that are neither an NGO nor a government agency (civilian or military) may be international organizations (IOs) and will normally be indicated by name. IOs are international bodies like the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), the World Food Program (WFP) and other independent UN agencies like the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is often described as a NGO, an international, or an intergovernmental organization, but it is not any of these. The ICRC is an organization with a hybrid nature. As a private association organized under the Swiss Civil Code, its existence is not in itself mandated by governments. Yet its functions and activities—to provide protection and assistance to victims of conflict—are mandated by the international community of states and are founded in international law. 47 A nongovernmental organization is a legally constituted entity created by private organizations or people with no participation in or representation of any government. When an NGO is funded totally or partially by a government or governments, it maintains its nongovernmental status only as long as it excludes government representatives from membership. 45 Author communication with Frederick Burkle, MD, former deputy assistant administrator, Bureau for Global Health. 46 IFRC, “Code of Conduct,” www.ifrc.org/publicat/conduct/code.asp (accessed July 31, 2007). 47 U.S. Department of the Army, Stability Operations. Field Manual No. 3-07 (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Army, Headquarters, October 6, 2008) A Guide to NGOs for the Military n Chapter 2. Introduction to NGOs 25
Page 1 and 2: edited by Lynn Lawry MD, MSPH, MSc
Page 3 and 4: Copyright restrictions pertain to c
Page 5 and 6: About CDHAM: Advancing medicine in
Page 7 and 8: Introduction This book is about non
Page 9 and 10: DLA Defense Logistics Agency DODD U
Page 11 and 12: SecDef Secretary of Defense SHAPE S
Page 13 and 14: Chapter 1. Policies and Definitions
Page 15 and 16: The U.S. Agency for International D
Page 17 and 18: The Paris Declaration on Aid Effect
Page 19 and 20: organizational integrity, finances,
Page 21 and 22: • Food security declines, possibl
Page 23: of medical materiel and medical and
Page 27 and 28: • In the United States, legal cha
Page 29 and 30: international governments, military
Page 31 and 32: international, domestic, or host co
Page 33 and 34: • The onset of the emergency (acu
Page 35 and 36: first stages of an emergency are co
Page 37 and 38: sometimes an organization will spec
Page 39 and 40: • It has a comparative advantage
Page 41 and 42: • Empowering orientation incorpor
Page 43 and 44: An NGO’s board is legally liable
Page 45 and 46: The Sphere Project The aim of Spher
Page 47 and 48: • obstetrics in remote settings,
Page 49 and 50: Chapter 5. NGO Personnel and Polici
Page 51 and 52: Table 5.1. Mid-Level NGO Job Requir
Page 53 and 54: Many of these personnel have at lea
Page 55 and 56: often bringing a unique blend of ou
Page 57 and 58: of the executive director’s plann
Page 59 and 60: An anonymous World Vision Australia
Page 61 and 62: of professionalism and expertise. P
Page 63 and 64: Conclusion: NGO Staff Are Good to G
Page 65 and 66: while catering specifically to need
Page 67 and 68: Many times these frustrated goods e
Page 69 and 70: Assistance Committee (DAC), could s
Page 71 and 72: Perhaps one of the best-known NGOs
Page 73 and 74: NGOs, InterAction sought to leverag
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strategic access to Muslim populati
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Source: Organisation for Economic C
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was a recognition of the changing f
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Table 6.2 Total Giving by Donor Typ
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Bhutan, Maldives, Guyana, Antigua a
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Education, Design (TED) forums are
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Chapter 7. NGO Coordination Coordin
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If NGO B coordinates with other NGO
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which can include (but may not be l
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• InterAction (www.interaction.or
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Chapter 8. NGO Identification and P
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NGOs use many of the same types of
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Part 2. NGO Capacities and Services
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• developing public health infras
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Early Warning System (FEWS) Forum o
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NGOs are effective at rapid assessm
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More clearly, in gradual onset emer
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an obvious advantage to having a sm
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Regional know-how and connections m
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Conclusion: NGOs Lead the Way NGOs,
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To get an idea of the variety of si
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Obtaining Equipment and Tools NGOs
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Chapter 11. NGOs and Health Service
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Generally, four indicators are cent
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Most NGOs hire local health workers
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NGOs, in almost all cases, rely ext
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The process often looks like the fl
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Strengths NGOs provide medical serv
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most food aid distribution around t
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Figure 12.2 Sample of NGO Food Oper
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project is to develop a tool to bet
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• hand washing with soap can redu
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• Providing a minimum survival le
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system,” while urging use of the
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Another set of NGOs who recognize p
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events, allowing aid agencies and a
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part because of liability (personne
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Part 3. NGO Operations Executive Su
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Many NGOs have developed in-house l
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International procurement is also n
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Figure 15.1 Procurement Process Fie
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Figure 15.3 Transportation Process
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that the supplies or materials are
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Distribution Once relief material o
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Figure 15.6 HQ-Field Relationship U
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COTS technology is cheap and effici
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Conclusion: Differing Logistical Sy
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Chapter 16. NGO Use of Information
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civil society organizations (CSOs),
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During rapid onset emergencies and
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Over the past several years, humani
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NGOs. Intense development is ongoin
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Over the past decade use of solar p
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Chapter 17. NGOs and Security Gregg
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• uncertain environments, in whic
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• Do you have a clear sense of yo
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assessing the potential threat huma
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Interior • Is there a lockable, s
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Transportation Reliable transportat
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specific targeting of NGO staff for
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Chapter 18. NGOs and the Military N
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management team. Furthermore, DOD i
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have been successful at developing
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Afghanistan, and Albania are exampl
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Almost all these points are false.
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center, run by the U.S. military, w
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Conclusion: Who Leads the Way in Hu
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� www.js.pentagon.mil/doctrine/je
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Joint Chiefs of Staff. Joint Doctri
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Annex 1. Selected NGOs Academy for
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Budget Annual revenue (FY 2007): $4
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Functions/Sectors Education and nut
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Aid to Artisans 1030 New Britain Av
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Alliance to End Hunger 50 F Street
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Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Tajikistan
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Net gain from sales of assets: $7,7
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Regions Latin America and Caribbean
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Regions Angola, Argentina, Armenia,
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Conferences and special events: $25
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f: 623-321-7076 e: info@civicworldw
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Total allocations: $149,638,780 Sum
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Interest on savings and temporary c
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Trinidad & Tobago, Turkmenistan, Ug
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Regions Africa, Asia and Pacific, E
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Functions/Sectors Agriculture, educ
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Regions Armenia, Australia, Azerbai
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Educational Concerns for Hunger Org
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programs in the immigrant and refug
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Investment income: $2,427 Honorariu
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Grants & cooperative agreements: $4
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Revenue source breakdown Grant inco
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Regions Russian Federation (incl. N
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Regions Albania, Argentina, Armenia
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Revenue source breakdown Individual
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Humane Society International 2100 L
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Summary The Hunger Project is a str
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Other income: $14,445 Expenses $10,
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Functions/Sectors Disaster and emer
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Functions/Sectors Serves as a bridg
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Non-federal awards and private gran
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Summary IIRR’s mission is to: wor
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International Reading Association 4
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Regions Africa, Asia, Caucasus, Mid
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Total expenses: $22,170,313 Summary
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Total expenses: $2,262,705 Summary
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Latter Day Saint Charities 50 East
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w: www.msh.org Regions North Americ
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Medical Teams International 14150 S
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Summary Mercy-USA for Aid and Devel
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Regions North America, Africa Funct
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Summary Conflict, poverty and clima
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Direct public support: $58,761,307
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PATH 1455 NW Leary Way, Seattle, WA
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Net assets released from restrictio
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see the complex web of causes and e
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Special missionary support: $353,29
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Refugees International 2001 S Stree
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t: 202-783-7100 f: 202-783-2818 e:
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Contributions: $3,987,337 (74 perce
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Other: $8,977 Interest: $3,233 Summ
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U.S. Institute for Peace 1200 17th
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UNHCR helps refugees and other disp
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e: info@vabonline.org w: www.vabonl
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f: 202-884-8366 w: www.womenthrive.
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with others. Empowering women with
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Government grants: $3,550 Investmen
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Neighbors takes a big-picture, inte
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e: wspa@wspausa.org w: www.wspa-usa
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Annex 2. Selected Humanitarian Reso
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developing and supporting data stan
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Consortium of U.S.-based humanitari
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• Humanitarian Review www.ngovoic
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• World Food Program (WFP) www.wf
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NGO Security • Security manuals h
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Annex 3. Selected Humanitarian Publ
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Weiss, Thomas, and Cindy Collins. H
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use the assistance we receive to re
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Annex 5. How the U.S. Government Pr
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y aiding in the demobilization of c
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ICRC: International Committee of th
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• taking the lead in creating and
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The American Red Cross’s annual b
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did not strictly adhere to its conf
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Annex 7. Key United Nations Agencie
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EHA to find ways to ensure surveill
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In fact, most of the work of UNHCR
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Médecins sans Frontières delivers
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perception of these principles. Her
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instance when your armed teams prov
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Finally, I’d like to read you a p
Page 379:
International Federation of the Red
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Guide to Nongovernmental Organizations for the Military

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