Guide to Nongovernmental Organizations for the Military

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Part 1. NGO Structures and Themes
Chapter 1. Policies and Definitions Related to Aid, Relief, and Development Cecili Sessions MD, MPH and Lynn Lawry MD, MSPH, MSc Recent changes in U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) policy have transformed the military medical tradition of health-care assistance around the world into a core U.S. military mission. This chapter summarizes current U.S. government (USG) and DOD guidance, international guidelines, and key definitions to facilitate the understanding required for “a carefully coordinated deployment of military and civilian, public and private, U.S. and international assets.... in support of a broader U.S. Government effort to advance U.S. interests by assisting an existing government with internal challenges or helping establish a new social, economic, and political domestic order in the shortterm, and in the longer term, by establishing conditions for a sustainable peace.” 2 That is, these policies guide and direct the DOD in foreign aid and disasters. DOD Guidance DOD Directive 3000.05, Military Support for Stability, Security, Transition, and Reconstruction Operations (20051128), addresses the DOD role in support of reconstruction and stabilization as a core U.S. military mission, with a priority comparable to combat operations; encourages integrated civilian and military efforts and close work with interagency and foreign partners, international organizations, and the private sector. 3 It provides the following definitions: • Stability operations are military and civilian activities conducted to establish or maintain order in foreign states and regions and to advance U.S. interests and values. Immediate goals include providing security, restoring essential services, and meeting humanitarian needs. Long-term goals focus on capacity-building to promote a stable and legitimate state with democratic institutions and a market economy capable of meeting its citizens’ basic needs (that is, water, food, sanitation, public health, and medical care). • Military support to stability, security, transition, and reconstruction operations (SSTRO) includes DOD activities that support U.S. government plans for stabilization, security, reconstruction, and transition operations that lead to sustainable peace while advancing U.S. interests. Although tasks may be best performed by U.S. or foreign civilian professionals, DOD is instructed to be prepared to perform all tasks necessary to establish or maintain order when the civilian community cannot do so. 4 2 U.S. Department of Defense, Military Support to Stabilization, Security, Transition, and Reconstruction Operations Joint Operating Concept, Version 2.0, December 2006, www.dtic.mil/futurejointwarfare/concepts/sstro_joc_v20.doc (accessed November 12, 2009), p. i. 3 U.S. Department of Defense, “Directive 3000.05: Military Support for Stability, Security, Transition, and Reconstruction (SSTR) Operations,” November 28, 2005, www.dtic.mil/doctrine/training/sstr.pdf (accessed November 12, 2009). See also U.S. Department of Defense, “Instruction: Stability Operations” September 16, 2009, www.dtic.mil/whs/ directives/corres/pdf/300005p.pdf (accessed May 29, 2009). 4 U.S. Department of Defense, “Directive 3000.05,” p. 2 A Guide to NGOs for the Military n Chapter 1. Policies and Definitions 13
Page 1 and 2: edited by Lynn Lawry MD, MSPH, MSc
Page 3 and 4: Copyright restrictions pertain to c
Page 5 and 6: About CDHAM: Advancing medicine in
Page 7 and 8: Introduction This book is about non
Page 9 and 10: DLA Defense Logistics Agency DODD U
Page 11: SecDef Secretary of Defense SHAPE S
Page 15 and 16: The U.S. Agency for International D
Page 17 and 18: The Paris Declaration on Aid Effect
Page 19 and 20: organizational integrity, finances,
Page 21 and 22: • Food security declines, possibl
Page 23 and 24: of medical materiel and medical and
Page 25 and 26: Chapter 2. Introduction to NGOs Non
Page 27 and 28: • In the United States, legal cha
Page 29 and 30: international governments, military
Page 31 and 32: international, domestic, or host co
Page 33 and 34: • The onset of the emergency (acu
Page 35 and 36: first stages of an emergency are co
Page 37 and 38: sometimes an organization will spec
Page 39 and 40: • It has a comparative advantage
Page 41 and 42: • Empowering orientation incorpor
Page 43 and 44: An NGO’s board is legally liable
Page 45 and 46: The Sphere Project The aim of Spher
Page 47 and 48: • obstetrics in remote settings,
Page 49 and 50: Chapter 5. NGO Personnel and Polici
Page 51 and 52: Table 5.1. Mid-Level NGO Job Requir
Page 53 and 54: Many of these personnel have at lea
Page 55 and 56: often bringing a unique blend of ou
Page 57 and 58: of the executive director’s plann
Page 59 and 60: An anonymous World Vision Australia
Page 61 and 62: of professionalism and expertise. P
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Conclusion: NGO Staff Are Good to G
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while catering specifically to need
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Many times these frustrated goods e
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Assistance Committee (DAC), could s
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Perhaps one of the best-known NGOs
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NGOs, InterAction sought to leverag
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strategic access to Muslim populati
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Source: Organisation for Economic C
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was a recognition of the changing f
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Table 6.2 Total Giving by Donor Typ
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Bhutan, Maldives, Guyana, Antigua a
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Education, Design (TED) forums are
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Chapter 7. NGO Coordination Coordin
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If NGO B coordinates with other NGO
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which can include (but may not be l
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• InterAction (www.interaction.or
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Chapter 8. NGO Identification and P
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NGOs use many of the same types of
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Part 2. NGO Capacities and Services
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• developing public health infras
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Early Warning System (FEWS) Forum o
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NGOs are effective at rapid assessm
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More clearly, in gradual onset emer
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an obvious advantage to having a sm
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Regional know-how and connections m
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Conclusion: NGOs Lead the Way NGOs,
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To get an idea of the variety of si
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Obtaining Equipment and Tools NGOs
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Chapter 11. NGOs and Health Service
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Generally, four indicators are cent
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Most NGOs hire local health workers
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NGOs, in almost all cases, rely ext
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The process often looks like the fl
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Strengths NGOs provide medical serv
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most food aid distribution around t
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Figure 12.2 Sample of NGO Food Oper
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project is to develop a tool to bet
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• hand washing with soap can redu
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• Providing a minimum survival le
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system,” while urging use of the
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Another set of NGOs who recognize p
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events, allowing aid agencies and a
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part because of liability (personne
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Part 3. NGO Operations Executive Su
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Many NGOs have developed in-house l
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International procurement is also n
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Figure 15.1 Procurement Process Fie
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Figure 15.3 Transportation Process
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that the supplies or materials are
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Distribution Once relief material o
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Figure 15.6 HQ-Field Relationship U
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COTS technology is cheap and effici
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Conclusion: Differing Logistical Sy
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Chapter 16. NGO Use of Information
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civil society organizations (CSOs),
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During rapid onset emergencies and
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Over the past several years, humani
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NGOs. Intense development is ongoin
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Over the past decade use of solar p
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Chapter 17. NGOs and Security Gregg
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• uncertain environments, in whic
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• Do you have a clear sense of yo
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assessing the potential threat huma
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Interior • Is there a lockable, s
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Transportation Reliable transportat
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specific targeting of NGO staff for
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Chapter 18. NGOs and the Military N
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management team. Furthermore, DOD i
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have been successful at developing
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Afghanistan, and Albania are exampl
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Almost all these points are false.
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center, run by the U.S. military, w
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Conclusion: Who Leads the Way in Hu
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� www.js.pentagon.mil/doctrine/je
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Joint Chiefs of Staff. Joint Doctri
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Annex 1. Selected NGOs Academy for
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Budget Annual revenue (FY 2007): $4
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Functions/Sectors Education and nut
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Aid to Artisans 1030 New Britain Av
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Alliance to End Hunger 50 F Street
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Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Tajikistan
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Net gain from sales of assets: $7,7
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Regions Latin America and Caribbean
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Regions Angola, Argentina, Armenia,
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Conferences and special events: $25
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f: 623-321-7076 e: info@civicworldw
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Total allocations: $149,638,780 Sum
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Interest on savings and temporary c
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Trinidad & Tobago, Turkmenistan, Ug
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Regions Africa, Asia and Pacific, E
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Functions/Sectors Agriculture, educ
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Regions Armenia, Australia, Azerbai
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Educational Concerns for Hunger Org
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programs in the immigrant and refug
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Investment income: $2,427 Honorariu
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Grants & cooperative agreements: $4
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Revenue source breakdown Grant inco
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Regions Russian Federation (incl. N
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Regions Albania, Argentina, Armenia
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Revenue source breakdown Individual
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Humane Society International 2100 L
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Summary The Hunger Project is a str
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Other income: $14,445 Expenses $10,
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Functions/Sectors Disaster and emer
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Functions/Sectors Serves as a bridg
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Non-federal awards and private gran
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Summary IIRR’s mission is to: wor
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International Reading Association 4
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Regions Africa, Asia, Caucasus, Mid
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Total expenses: $22,170,313 Summary
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Total expenses: $2,262,705 Summary
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Latter Day Saint Charities 50 East
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w: www.msh.org Regions North Americ
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Medical Teams International 14150 S
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Summary Mercy-USA for Aid and Devel
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Regions North America, Africa Funct
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Summary Conflict, poverty and clima
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Direct public support: $58,761,307
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PATH 1455 NW Leary Way, Seattle, WA
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Net assets released from restrictio
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see the complex web of causes and e
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Special missionary support: $353,29
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Refugees International 2001 S Stree
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t: 202-783-7100 f: 202-783-2818 e:
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Contributions: $3,987,337 (74 perce
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Other: $8,977 Interest: $3,233 Summ
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U.S. Institute for Peace 1200 17th
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UNHCR helps refugees and other disp
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e: info@vabonline.org w: www.vabonl
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f: 202-884-8366 w: www.womenthrive.
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with others. Empowering women with
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Government grants: $3,550 Investmen
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Neighbors takes a big-picture, inte
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e: wspa@wspausa.org w: www.wspa-usa
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Annex 2. Selected Humanitarian Reso
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developing and supporting data stan
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Consortium of U.S.-based humanitari
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• Humanitarian Review www.ngovoic
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• World Food Program (WFP) www.wf
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NGO Security • Security manuals h
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Annex 3. Selected Humanitarian Publ
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Weiss, Thomas, and Cindy Collins. H
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use the assistance we receive to re
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Annex 5. How the U.S. Government Pr
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y aiding in the demobilization of c
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ICRC: International Committee of th
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• taking the lead in creating and
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The American Red Cross’s annual b
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did not strictly adhere to its conf
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Annex 7. Key United Nations Agencie
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EHA to find ways to ensure surveill
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In fact, most of the work of UNHCR
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Médecins sans Frontières delivers
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perception of these principles. Her
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instance when your armed teams prov
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Finally, I’d like to read you a p
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International Federation of the Red
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Guide to Nongovernmental Organizations for the Military

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