+ljwfg;ef, /fHosf]k'g

k|fSsygg]kfnL hgtfn] nfdf] ;do b]lv ub}{ cfPsf cg]sf}+ ;+3if{, ;z:q qmflGt, zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ng,hgo'4 / !( lbg] hgcfGbf]ng, dw]z cfGbf]ng nufot ljleGg ju{, hflt / ;d'bfon] rnfPsf ljleGgGofok"0f{ cfGbf]ngsf] kmn:j¿k k|fKt P]ltxfl;s ;+ljwfg;efn] cfˆgf sfdsf/afOnfO{ lg/Gt/ ?kdfcufl8 a9fpb} cfPsf] 5 .;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL, @)^% sf] lgod ^^ df /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf / /fHozltmsf] jfF8kmfF8;ldltsf] sfo{If]q tf]s]sf] 5 . /fHosf] ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds :j¿kdf x'g] ;+/rgf, ;+3Lo PsfOx?sf] If]q lgwf{/0f ug]{ l;4fGt / cfwf/x?, k|To]s ;+3Lo PsfOsf] If]q lgwf{/0f / tLgsf] gfds/0f, ljleGg txsf ;+3Lo PsfOsf ;/sf/ jLr ljwflosL, sfo{sfl/0fL / Goflos clwsf/sf]aFf8kmfF8, ljleGg txsf ;+3Lo PsfOsf] clwsf/ If]q ;DjGwL ljifo ;"rL / ;femf ljifo;"rLsf] lgwf{/0f, ;+3Lo PsfO jLr Joj:yflksLo, sfo{sfl/0fL / Goflos clwsf/sf] cGt/ ;DjGw lgwf{/0f, ;+3Lo PsfOx? jLr pTkGg x'g ;Sg] ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg ;DaGwL ;+oGq, / ;ldltsf] sfo{If]q;+u ;DjlGwt cGo cfjZos s'/fx? .;ldltsf] sfd st{Jo / clwsf/ ;d]t Joj:yf u/] cg'?k cfˆgf] sfo{If]qsf ljifodf ;b:ox?aLr 5nkmn u/L cfkmgf] sfo{tflnsf / sfo{ljj/0f, ljz]if1 cfjZos kg]{ If]q, ljz]if1sf] gfdfjnL;+sng ug'{sf ;fy} ljleGg uf]i7L , sfo{zfnf, cGt/ls|of, 5nkmn sfo{s|ddf ;ls|o ;xefuL eO{ sfo{kqk|:tf]tf / l6Kk0fLstf{;Fu :ki6Ls/0f, hfgsf/L dfUg'sf ;fy} cfKfmgf b[li6sf]0f, wf/0ff / ;f]rfOx? cleJotmu/L ljifoj:t'nfO{ lgrf]8 / ;xdltdf Nofpg df) ;b:ox? nufot ;a}n] v]Ng' ePsf] e"ldsf k|z+;gLo/x\of] .Joltmut jf ;+:yfut ¿kdf ljleGg dfWodjf6 ;ldltnfO{ lnlvt / df}lvs ;'emfjx? k|fKtePkl5 k|To]s ;'emfjsf] cWoog ljZn]if0f u/L To;jf6 lgsflnPsf] lgrf]8nfO{ cjwf/0ffkqdf ;dfj]zul/Psf] 5 . k|fKt ;'emfjx? dWo] s]xL ;ldlt;Fu k|ToIf ;/f]sf/ /fVg] vfnsf lYfP eg] sltko P]gsfg"gdf /fVbf x'g], sltko rflx sfof{Gjog ul/lbP k'Ug] / sltko rflx gLltdf ;dfj]z ubf{ x'g] vfnsf;'emfjx? cWoog ljZn]if0f ubf{ e]l6P .Hfgtfsf] /fo ;'emfj lngsf nflu ;ldltn] !! j6f j:t'ut / ! j6f ljifout u/L hDdf !@j6f k|ZgfjnL tof/ u/]sf] / ;ldltsf $# ;b:ox? dWo] ljleGg 6f]nLdf hgdt ;+sngsf nflu hfg'ePsf] / hgtf;Fu k|ToIf ;Dk{s u/L pxfFx?sf egfO, /f]hfO, rfxgf / cfsf+Iffsf af/]df lnlvt / df]}lvs¿kdf a'´\g'sf ;fy} k|ZgfjnLsf] pQ/ ;d]t Nofpg' eof] . To; If]qsf] ef}uf]lns cj:yfsf] hfgsf/L lnO{ljleGg hflt, efiff, ;+:s[ltsf] klxrfg;+u kl/lrt x'gfsf ;fy} pgLx?sf dfu, cfjZostf /k|fyldstf;Fu ;+jfb ub}{ ;+3Lo PsfOsf] If]q lgwf{/0f, ;/sf/sf] tx / clwsf/sf] afF8kmfF8 ;DaGwdfJofjxfl/s / pkof]uL /fo ;'emfj k|fKt x'g ;Sof] . k|To]s k|ZgfjnLsf] pQ/x? dfggLo ;b:ox?af6cWoog Pj+ ljZn]if0f u/L To;sf] k|ltj]bg ;ldltdf k|:t't eO{ lj:t[t ¿kdf 5nkmn u/L cjwf/0ffkqtof/ ug]{ ;Gbe{df cfwf/zLnfsf] ¿kdf lnOPsf] 5 .cjwf/0ffkq tof/ ubf{ k|fKt ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|LnfO{ cWoogsf ljleGg ljlwx?sf] dfWodJff6ljZn]if0f u/L lgis{ifdf k'luPsf] 5 . cjwf/0ffkq tof/ ubf{ ljleGg ljifosf ljz]if1x?;+u cGt/ls|of,ljz]if1sf] /fo ;'emfj, ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf nflu k|sflzt /fhg}lts kf6L{sf] 3f]if0ffkq jfk|lta4tfkq, ;ldltdf k]z ul/Psf] bnLo cjwf/0ff, cGt/f{li6«o cEof; / k|rng, ljutdf g]kfndful/Psf] cEof; / Jojxf/, :jb]zL / ljb]zL ljåfg\n] Jotm ug'{ePsf wf/0ff, dfggLo ;b:ox?n] cleJotmug'{ ePsf ljrf/x?nfO{ ;d]l6Psf] 5 ./fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf / /fHozltmsf] afF8kmfF8 ug'{ Pp6f r'gf}tLk"0f sfo{ xf] . o; sfo{ ;Dkgugf{sf nflu ;}4flGts cjwf/0ff :ki6 kfg{ ljz]if1 / k|fljlws ;xof]u / ;'emfj ljgf ;Dej lyPg .;jf{lws rf;f] /x]sf] ljifo ePsf]n] ;+ljwfg;efn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf sfo{tflnsf cg'¿ksf] cfˆgf]cjwf/0ffkq / d:of}b k]z ug{ g;Sbf sof}+k6s ;+ljwf;efn] cfˆgf] sfo{tflnsf x]/km]/ ug'{ k/]sf] ljifo;~rf/sf ljleGg dfWodaf6 hg;dIf k|jflxt eO/x]s} xf] . ;ldltn] cfkm"nfO{ k|fKt ePsf] ;do ;Ldfleq

k=;+=Mr=g+=M;+ljwfg;ef/fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf / /fHozlQmsf] afF8kmfF8 ;ldlt;+;bejg, l;+xb/af/sf7df8f}+kmf]g g+=M $@))!($$@)))($ldltM @)^^.!).)&;DdfggLo cWoIfHo",;+ljwfg ;ef .ljifoM ;ldltsf] cjwf/0ffkq ;lxtsf] k|f/lDes d:of}bf ;DaGwL k|ltj]bg k]z ul/Psf] .;+ljwf;ef, /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf / /fHozlQmsf] afF8kmfF8 ;ldltsf] ldlt @)^^.!).)^ ut] a;]sf]a}7sn] ;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL, @)^% sf] lgod &# -!_ -3_ tyf lgod *@ -!_ cg';f/ ;ldltn] k]zug'{kg]{ cjwf/0ffkq ;lxtsf] k|f/lDes d:of}bf ;DaGwL k|ltj]bg ;+ljwfg;efdf k|:t't ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu;DdfggLo cWoIfHo" ;dIf k]z ug]{ lg0f{o cg'¿k of] k|ltj]bg k]z u/]sf 5f}+ .cjwf/0fkq ;lxtsf] k|f/lDes d:of}bf ;DaGwL k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ ;ldltsf ;b:ox?M—l;+=g+= ;ef;b\Ho"sf] gfd y/ x:tfIf/1= df= >L nf]s]Gb« lji6 du/ -;efklt_2= df=>L clgns'df/ emf3= df=>L cd/axfb'/ u'?Ë td'4= df=>L cf/h' /f0ff b]pjf5= df=>L OGb|hLt yf?6= df=>L pdfsfGt rf}w/L7= df=>L cf]g;/L 3lt{ du/8= df=>L uf]kfn ls/f+tL9= df=>L uf]kfn dfg >]i710= df=>L rGbf b]jL11= df=>L rGb|b]j hf]zL12= df=>L l5dL nfdf13= df=>L hok|sfz k|;fb u'Ktf14=df=>L bfdfs'df/L zdf{

15=df=>L w'|j cfªbDa]16= df=>L g/xl/ cfrfo{17= df=>L gljGb«/fh hf]zL18= df=>L gf/fo0fdfg ljh'S5]19= df=>L lgnd s]=;L= -v8\sf_20= df=>L k"0f{k|;fb /fhj+zL21= df=>L k|ltef /f0ff22= df=>L k|]djxfb'/ tfdfª23= df=>L a'4/Tg dfgGw/24= df=>L e/t k|;fb zfx25= df=>L dx]Gb|k|;fb ofbj26= df=>L dx]z rf}w/L27= df=>L df]=ckmtfa cfnd28= df=>L d+unl;l4 dfgGw/29= df=>L /fds'df/ zdf{30= df=>L /fdrGb| emf31= df=>L /fdhgd rf}w/L32= df=>L nSsL z]kf{33= df=>L ljZjeQm b'nfn34= df=>L z/bl;+x e08f/L35= df=>L zflGtb]jL rdf/36= df=>L z+s/ kf]v/]n37= df=>L ;Gtjxfb'/ g]kfnL38= df=>L ;Gtf]ifL lj=s=39= df=>L ;j{b]jk|;fb cf]emf40= df=>L ;fljqf u'?Ë b'/f41= df=>L l;tfs'df/L kf}8]n42= df=>L ;"o{dfg u'?ª43=df=>L lxtdfg zfSo

fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf / /fHozlQmsf] afF8kmfF8 ;ldltsf] sfo{If]q;Fu ;DalGwt k|f/lDes d:of}bfwf/f ljifo j:t' ;+ljwfgdf /fVg] k|:tfljt Joj:yf;+ljwfgdf /xg] k|:tfljt Joj:yf ug'{ kgf{sf] sf/0f jf:yfgsf] cg'dfgJofVofTds l6Kk0fL1.k|:tfjgf =======b]zdf ljBdfg juL{o, hftLo, eflifs, If]qLo,n}lËs tyf ;d'bfout ;d:ofx?nfO{ ;dfwfg ug{k|:tfjgfdf /xg] /fHo ;+rfng / /fHosf] ;|f]tsf] jf+8kmf+8 tyfpkof]udf ;j} ju{, ;d'bfo, hflt, If]q, ln+u, cltg]kfnsf] PsfTds tyf s]Gb|Ls[t :j?knfO{ cGTo ub}{cNk;+Vos tyf lk5l8Psf ju{sf] ;dfj]zL ;lxtsf]g]kfnnfO{ k"0f{ nf]stflGqs ;dfj]zL ;lxtsf];dfg'kflts ;xeflutf u/fO{ g]kfnnfO{ ljleGg;dfg'kflts ;+3Lo u0ftGqfTds zf;g k|0ffnL :yfkgfug{ cu|ufdL k'g;{+/rgf ug'{ kg]{ ePsf]n],g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, :jflwgtf, :jtGqtf,Pstf / cv08tfnfO{ cIf'0f /fVb} /fhgLlts, cfly{s,;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts, eflifs tyf ef}lts ljsf; ug{;+ljwfgåf/f k|bQ cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ ;lxtsf]klxrfg / ;fdYo{df cfwfl/t :jfoQ, :jzfl;t tyf;+3Lo PsfO{df ljefhg u/L /fHosf] cu|ufdLk'g;{+/rgfsf] ;Gbe{df g]kfnnfO{ k"0f{ nf]stflGqs,;+3Lo, u0ftGqfTds zf;g k|0ffnLdf ¿kfGt/0f ug{cu|ufdL k'g;{+/rgf ug'{ kg]{ ePsf]n] ;+ljwfg;ef4f/f lgdf{0f x'g] ;+ljwfgsf] k|:tfjgfdf /fHosf]k'g;{+/rgf / /fHozlQmsf] afF8kmfF8 ;DaGwdf pNn]vug'{ cfjZos ePsf]n] .clwsf/ ;DkGg k|b]z, :yfgLo tx tyf ljz]if ;+/rgfklg lgdf{0f u/L s]Gb|df lglxt zf;g zlQmnfO{ ;+3,k|b]z, :yfgLo tx / ljz]if ;+/rgf;Dd afF8kmfF8 u/LzflGtk"0f{, :jflwg, wd{ lg/k]If, ;dtfd"ns / ;+j[4g]kfnsf] lgdf{0f ug{' kg]{ ePsf]n], ;a} hflt, If]q, lnËPj+ ;d'bfosf] /fHozlQmsf] kl/rfng ug]{ c+ux?df;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj Pj+ clwsf/ kfpg] Joj:yf ug{jf~5gLo ePsf]n],2.kl/efiff ljifo jf k|;+un] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; ;+ljwfgdf,–-s_ '';+3'' eGgfn] ;+3Lo ;+/rgfsf] ;aeGbf dflyNnf]txsf] ?kdf /xg] ;+3Lo tx ;Demg' k5{ . o;zAbn] ;+3Lo g]kfnsf] ljleGg k|b]zx?, :yfgLotx / ljz]if ;+/rgfsf] ;dli6ut :j?knfO{ ;d]thgfpF5 .-v_ ''k|b]z'' eGgfn] ;+3Lo PsfO{df ljefhg ul/Psf]g]kfnsf] ;+3Lo PsfO{sf] If]q / :j¿k ;Demg' k5{.-u_ '':yfgLo tx'' eGgfn] k|b]z cGtu{t :yfkgf x'g]ufpFkflnsf tyf gu/kflnsfnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .Ikl/efiff eGg] efudf/xg] .g]kfnsf] ljBdfg /fhg}lts ;+/rgf kl/jt{g eO{/fHosf] zf;g zlQm, ;+3, k|b]z, :yfgLo tx /ljz]if ;+/rgfdf ;d]t hfg] ePsf]n] g]kfnsf];Gbe{df ;+3fTds zf;g k|0ffnLdf k|o'Qm ;+3, k|b]z,:yfgLo tx, ljz]if ;+/rgf cGtu{t :yfkgf x'g]:jfoQ If]q, ljz]if If]q, ;+/lIft If]q, /fHozlQm,clwsf/sf] ;"rL h:tf zAbfjnLx? ;+ljwfgsf]ljleGg wf/f, pkwf/fx?df af/Daf/ k|of]udf cfpg]x'bfF :ki6?kdf j'‰g / To;sf] cy{df Ps?ktfNofpgsf] nflu kl/efiff ul/Psf] 5 .

3./fHosf]k'g;+/rgf //fHozlQmsf]:j?kM-3_ ''ljz]if ;+/rgf'' eGgfn] k|b]z leq :yfkgf ul/g]:jfoQ If]q, ljz]if If]q / ;+/lIft If]q ;Demg' k5{ .-ª_ æ:jfoQ If]q'' eGgfn] k|b]z leq :yfkgf ul/g]Ps hflt÷;d'bfo jf efiffsf] afx'No ePsf] jf;3g pkl:yltsf] cj:yf /x]sf] If]qnfO{ ;Demg'k5{ .-r_ æ;+/lIft If]qÆ eGgfn] k|b]z leq :yfkgf ul/g]clt cNk;+Vos, nf]kf]Gd'v / clt ;LdfGts[t¿kdf /x]sf hflt, ;d'bfo / ;f+:s[lts If]qsf];+/If0f / ;+j4{g ug{ :yfkgf ul/g] If]qnfO{ ;Demg'k5{ .-5_ æljz]if If]qÆ eGgfn] :jfoQ If]q / ;+/lIft If]qn]g;d]6]sf], ;DalGwt k|b]z leq lk5l8Psf,] cfly{s/ ;fdflhs cj:yfaf6 k5fl8 kfl/Psf] If]q jfljifout If]qsf] ljsf; ug{ :yfkgf ul/g]ef}uf]lns PsfOnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .-h_ ''/fHozlQm'' eGgfn] /fHosf] sfo{kflnsf,Joj:yflksf / Gofokflnsf ;DjGwL clwsf/;Demg' k5{ .-em_ '';"rL'' eGgfn] ;+3, k|b]z, :yfgLo tx tyf ljz]if;+/rgf cGtu{t :yfkgf x'g] :jfoQ If]qnfO{ of];+ljwfg jdf]lhd k|bfg ul/Psf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{kfpg] ljifosf] ;"rL ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zJbn];+ljwfgdf pNn]lvt ;femf ;"rL ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5.-!_ g]kfnsf] /fHozlQmsf] k|of]u ;+3, k|b]z, :yfgLotx / ljz]if ;+/rgfn] o; ;+ljwfgdf pNn]v ul/Pjdf]lhd ug{]5g\ .-@_ ;+3, k|b]z, :yfgLo tx / ljz]if ;+/rgfn]g]kfnsf] Pstf, cv08tf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf tyfd'n'ssf] bL3{sflng lxt, ;jf{ËL0f ljsf;, dfgjII/fHozlQmsf] k|of]u /:j?k ;DaGwL efudf/xg];+3Lo ;+/rgfdf /fHozlQmsf] k|of]u ;+3, k|b]z,:yfgLo tx / ljz]if ;+/rgfx?n] ;+ljwfgåf/f;"lrs[t clwsf/ adf]lhdsf] ;Ldf leq /xL k|rlntsfg"g adf]lhd k|of]u ug'{ kg]{ x'bfF of] Joj:yful/Psf] 5 .;+3, k|b]z, :yfgLo tx / ljz]if ;+/rgfx?n]/fHozlQmsf] k|of]u ubf{ ;+3Lo Joj:yf tyfnf]stflGqs zf;g Joj:yfsf cfwf/e"t d"No

4.;+3Lo g]kfnsf]txut ;+/rgfclwsf/ tyf df}lns xs, sfg"gL /fHo, zlQmsf]k[ysLs/0f / lgoGq0f tyf ;Gt'ng, hftLo;dfgtfdf cfwfl/t ;dtf d"ns tyf ax'ntfdfcfwfl/t ;dfh, ax'bnLo k|lt:kwf{Tdsnf]stflGqs k|0ffnL, ;dfg'kflts / ;dfj]zLk|ltlglwTjsf] clwsf/ / klxrfgsf] ;+/If0f ug]{5g\ .-#_ k|b]z, :yfgLo tx / ljz]if ;+/rgf cGtu{tsf:jfoQ If]qdf a;f]af; ug]{ cflbjf;L, cflbjf;Lhghfltsf] klxrfg, :jzf;g / :jfoQtfsf]k|Tofe'lt x'g]5 .-!_ ;+3Lo g]kfnsf] d'n ;+/rgf ;+3, k|b]z tyf:yfgLo u/L tLg txsf] x'g]5 .;+3Lo g]kfnsf] txut;+/rgf ;DaGwL efujf wf/fdf /xg] .dfGotfsf cnfjf b]zsf] Pstf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf,bL3{sflng lxt tyf g]kfnL hgtfsf] klxrfg,:jzf;g / :jfoQtfnfO{ cfTd;fy ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 .o;sf] k|of]uaf6 hgtf jLrsf] efjgfTds Pj+dha't Pstf ePsf] g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;+3Lonf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds :jflwg zflGtk"0f{ / ;+a[4/fi6«sf] lgdf{0f x'g] ljZjf; ug{ ;lsG5 . To;sfnflu nf]stflGqs d"No tyf dfGotfx?nfO{ ;+3,k|b]z, :yfgLo tx / ljz]if ;+/rgfx?n] zf;g;+rfngdf kfngf / k|Tofe"lt ug'{ kg]{ / tL If]qx?dfa;f]af; ug]{ ;a} g]kfnL hgtfx?sf] klxrfg,:jzf;g, :jfoQtf tyf ;xcl:tTjsf] k|Tofe"lt ug'{kg]{ x'bfF of] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .k|b]z, :yfgLo tx / ljz]if ;+/rgf cGtu{tsf:jfoQ If]qdf a;f]af; ug]{ cflbjf;L, cflbjf;Lhghfltsf] klxrfg, :jzf;g / :jfoQtfsf]k|Tofe"lt ug{ of] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .;a} k|sf/sf lje]bsf lj?4 p7]sf juL{o, hftLo,If]qLo, eflifs, n}lËs / dw]z cfGbf]ngsfcfjfhnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ / /fHozlQmsf] kl/rfngug]{ c+ux?df hg;+Vof / ef}uf]lns ljlzi6tfnfO{Vofn ub}{ ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj / clwsf/ kfpg]Joj:yf ug{, s]Gb|Ls[t / PsfTds :j?ksf];+/rgfnfO{ ;+3Lo /fHodf ?kfGt/0f u/L o:tf] ;+3Lo;+/rgfdf ljleGg tx, If]q / lje]bdf k/]sf hgtfsf];d:of ;+af]wg ug{ ;Sg] lsl;dsf] ;+3Lo ;+/rgf /txsf] Joj:yf ug{ tyf hgtfsf] ;lx k|ltlglwTj /kx'FrnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{ kl5Nnf lbgx?df ;+3Lozf;g Joj:yfdf :yfgLo txnfO{ klg ;+3Lo;+/rgfsf] txsf] ?kdf /fVg] cEof; / k|rng z'?ePsf] ;Gb{edf g]kfnsf] ;+3Lo, nf]stflGqsu0ftGqfTds :j?kdf x'g] ;+/rgf ;+3, k|b]z /:yfgLo tx u/L d"nt # tx x'g] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5III

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf ;+3 tyf k|b]zdfJoj:yflksf, Gofokflnsf / sfo{kflnsf /xg] 5 .-#_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] :yfgLo txdf ;+ljwfgsf]cg';"rL ^ df pNn]lvt clwsf/ k|of]u ug]{ u/Lk|fb]lzs sfg"g cGtu{t ljwflosL, sfo{sfl/0fL /Goflos clwsf/ /x]sf] Ps lgjf{lrt kl/ifb /xg]5 .-$_ pkwf/f -!_ jdf]lhdsf] d"n ;+/rgfsf] cltl/Qmljz]if ;+/rgfsf] ?kdf ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f * dfJoj:yf eP adf]lhd k|b]z cGtu{t :jfoQ If]q,ljz]if If]q / ;+/lIft If]q /xg ;Sg]5g\ .-%_ pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd :yfkgf x'g] :jfoQ If]qdf;+ljwfgsf] cg';"rL & df pNn]lvt clwsf/ k|of]uug]{ u/L k|fb]lzs sfg"g cGtu{t ljwflosL,sfo{sfl/0fL / Goflos clwsf/ /x]sf] Pslgjf{lrt kl/ifb /xg] 5 ..;+3 tyf k|b]zn] ;+ljwfgåf/f ;"rLs[t clwsf/ If]qleqsf] ljifodf ljwflosL, sfo{sfl/0fL / Goflosclwsf/sf] k|of]u ub{5g\ . To;sf nflu ;+3 tyfk|b]zdf ;/sf/sf cËx?sf] ?kdf Joj:yflksf,sfo{kflnsf / Gofokflnsf /xg' kg]{ x'bfF of] Joj:yful/Psf] 5 .:yfgLo tx cGtu{t /xg] ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsf;+rfng ug{ hgtfåf/f lgjf{lrt kl/ifb /xg] tyfTo:tf] kl/ifbn] k|fb]lzs sfg"g cGtu{t ;+ljwfgåf/f;"rLs[t clwsf/ leq /xL ljwflosL, sfo{sfl/0fL /Goflos clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ of] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .tLg txsf] d"n ;+/rgfn] sltko If]q, hflt, efiff /;d'bfosf cfs+fIffx?nfO{ ;d]6\g g;Sg] ePsf]n]k|b]z cGtu{t To:tf If]qx?sf] klxrfg u/L ljz]if;+/rgf cGtu{t :jfoQ If]q :yfkgf ubf{ To:tfIf]qsf hgtfn] klg ;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnL cg';f/sf]:jzf;g / :jfoQtfsf] pkef]u u/L cfˆgf] klxrfg;lxt /fHo ;+rfngdf ;xefuL x'g kfpg eGg]p2]Zon] k|b]z leq :jfoQ If]q / k|b]z leq cltcNk;+Vos, nf]kf]Gd'v / clt ;LdfGts[t ¿kdf/x]sf hflt, ;d'bfosf] ;+/If0f / ;+j4{g ug{ ;+/lIftIf]q tyf :jfoQ If]q / ;+/lIft If]qn] g;d]6]sf],;DalGwt k|b]z leq lk5l8Psf,] cfly{s / ;fdflhscj:yfaf6 k5fl8 kfl/Psf] If]q, ;f+:s[lts If]q jfljifout If]qsf] ljsf; ug{ :yfkgf ul/g] ef}uf]lnsPsfOnfO{ ljz]if If]qsf] ?kdf :yfkgf ug{ of]Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .ljz]if ;+/rgf cGtu{tsf] :jfoQ If]qdf hgtfåf/flgjf{lrt lgsfo /xg] Joj:yf nf]stflGqs x'g] /To:tf] lgjf{lrt ;+:yfsf] ?kdf kl/ifb /xg] tyfTo:tf] kl/ifbn] k|fb]lzs sfg"g cGtu{t ;+ljwfgåf/f;'rLs[t clwsf/ leq /xL ljwflosL, sfo{sfl/0fL /IV

5.k|b]zsf] lgdf{0f -!_ g]kfnsf] PsfTds /fHosf] :j?knfO{ k'g;{+/rgfu/L ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq g]kfnnfO{ rf}w:jfoQ k|b]zdf ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 .-@_ pkwf/f -!_ jdf]lhd lgdf{0f ul/Psf k|b]zsf] gfd/ If]q cg';"rL ! df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .-#_ pkwf/f -@_ jdf]lhd ljeflht k|b]zsf] gfdx]/k]m/ ug{' k/]df ;DalGwt k|b]zsf] k|fb]lzsJoj:yflksfsf] b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtsf] lg0f{o eO{k|fb]lzs ;/sf/sf] l;kmfl/;df ;+3LoGoflos clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ of] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .k|b]z lgdf{0fsf] cfwf/x?df klxrfg / ;fdYo{nfO{lnPsf] 5 . k|fylds cfwf/sf] ?kdf klxrfgnfO{lnOPsf] 5 . klxrfgsf] cfwf/ cGtu{thftLo÷;d'bfo, eflifs, ;fF:s[lts,ef}uf]lns÷If]qut lg/Gt/tf Pj+ P]ltxfl;s lg/Gt/tf/x]sf 5g\ . ;fdYo{sf] cfwf/ cGtu{t cfly{scGt/;DjGw / ;fdYo{tf, k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf] cj:yf /;Defjgf, k|fs[lts ;fwg / ;|f]tsf] pknJwtf /Kf|zf;lgs ;'udtfnfO{ lnOPsf] 5 . g]kfn ax'hftLo,ax'eflifs, ax';f“:s[lts, ax'wfld{s / ef}uf]lnsljljwtfo'Qm d'n's ePsf] / pb\udsf] lx;fjn] cfo{,d+uf]n, cfli6«s / b|lj8 u/L rf/ gZn ;d'xsfhftLo ;d'xx¿ /x]sf] kfO{G5 eg] efiffut lx;fjn]ef/f]k]nL, ef]6 jd]{nL, cfli6«s / b«lj8 u/L rf/efiffkl/jf/sf ljleGg efiffsf] klxrfg ul/Psf] 5 .wfld{s lx;fjn] lxGb', af}4, O:nfd, ls/ft, h}g, lzvnufot ljleGg wd{, e"agf}6sf lx;fjn] lxdfn,kxf8, pkTosf, / t/fO{–dw]zdf ljeQm ePsf] 5 .k|b]zsf] /rgf ubf{ lglZrt l;2fGt / cfwf/x?dfklxrfg / ;fdYo{nfO{ lng'kg]{ x'G5 . oL cfwf/dflgdf{0f ePsf k|b]zx?n] :jfoQtf / :jzf;gsf]k|of]u ug{ ;Sg] u/L g]kfnsf] PsfTds :j?knfO{k'g;{+/rgf u/L ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq g]kfnnfO{rf}w :jfoQ k|b]zdf ljefhg ul/Psf] x'bfF of]Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .klxrfg / ;fdYo{tfsf] cfwf/df lgdf{0f ul/Psfk|b]zsf] gfd, To;sf] ef}uf]lns If]q / l;df lglZrtul/g' kg]{ x'bfF of] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .k|b]zx?sf] gfd x]/km]/ ug{] ljifo k|fb]lzsJoj:yflksfsf] ljifo ePsf] / ;+3Lo Joj:yflksfn];+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ug'{kg]{ ePsf] x'bFf ;+ljwfgdfgfdfs/0f ul/Psf] k|b]zsf] gfd x]/km]/ ug]{ Joj:yfV

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8.ljz]if ;+/rgf;DjGwLJoj:yfJoj:yf k|fb]lzs sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhdx'g] 5 .-!_ ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f $ jdf]lhdsf] d"n ;+/rgfsf]cltl/Qm s'g} k|b]z leq Ps hflt÷;'dbfo jfeflifs ;d'bfosf] jfx'No ePsf] jf ;3gpkl:ylt /x]sf] If]qnfO{ :jfoQ If]q sfod ug{;lsg]5 .-@_ pkwf/f -!_ sf] cltl/Qm clt cNk;+Vos?kdf/x]sf hflt÷;d'bfo, ;f+:s[lts If]q, nf]kf]Gd'v /l;dfGts[t hfltx?sf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{g ug{ s'g}If]qnfO{ ;+/lIft If]q sfod ug{ ;lsg]5 .-#_ pkwf/f -!_ / -@_ jdf]lhdsf] If]qn] g;d]6]sf;DjlGwt k|b]z leq lk5l8Psf tyf cfly{s /;fdflhs cj:yfaf6 k5fl8 kfl/Psf] If]q jfljifout If]qsf] ljsf; ug{ s'g} vf; ef}uf]lnsIf]qnfO{ ljz]if If]q sfod ug{ ;lsg]5 .ljz]if ;+/rgf ;DaGwLefu jf wf/fdf /xg];+/rgf ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf k|fb]lzs sfg"gn]Jojl:yt ug]{ x'bfF of] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .tLg txsf] d"n ;+/rgf x'g] ePsf] t/ To;n]ljz]ifu/L sltko cflbjf;L hghflt, pTkLl8t;d'bfo / eflifs ;d'bfosf ljifox?nfO{ ;d]6\gg;Sg] ePsf]n] k|b]z cGtu{t To:tf If]qx?sf]klxrfg u/L ljz]if ;+/rgf cGtu{t lgdf{0f x'g]:jfoQ If]qsf hgtfn] klg ;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnLcg';f/sf] :jzf;g / :jfoQtfsf] pkef]u u/Lcfˆgf] klxrfg ;lxt /fHo ;+rfngdf ;xeflu x'gkfpg eGg] p2]Zon] :jfoQ If]q sfod ug{ ;lsg]x'bfF of] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .k|b]z cGtu{t clt cNk;+Vos?kdf /x]sf hflt÷;d'bfo, ;f+:s[lts If]q, nf]kf]Gd'v / l;dfGts[thfltx?sf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{g ug{ s'g} If]qnfO{;+/lIft If]q sfod ug{ ;lsg] x'bfF of] Joj:yful/Psf] 5 .k|b]z cGtu{t :jfoQ If]q / ;+/lIft If]qn] g;d]6]sf;DjlGwt k|b]z leq lk5l8Psf tyf cfly{s /;fdflhs cj:yfaf6 k5fl8 kfl/Psf] If]q jfljifout If]qsf] ljsf; ug{ s'g} vf; ef}uf]lnsIf]qnfO{ ljz]if If]q sfod ug{ ;lsg] x'bfF of] Joj:yful/Psf] 5 .-$_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd k|b]z cGtu{t lgdf{0f x'g]:jfoQ If]qx? cg';"rL @ df pNn]v eP adf]lhdx'g]5g\ . cg';"rLdf pNn]lvt :jfoQ If]qx?sf]cltl/Qm yk gofF lgdf{0fsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ug{k|fb]lzs ;/sf/n] Ps clwsf/ ;DkGg cfof]uu7g ug]{5 . :jfoQ If]qsf] lgdf{0f klxnf]k6sk|fb]lzs ;/sf/ u7g ePsf] Ps jif{ lequl/;Sg' kg]{5 .-%_ pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhdsf :jfoQ If]qx?sf] gfdIXk|b]z cGtu{t lgdf{0f x'g] :jfoQ If]qx?sf] ;"rL;+ljwfgdf ;"rLs[t ug{ tyf To:tf If]qx? k|b]zcGtu{t klxrfg u/L cfjZostf cg';f/ yk:yfkgf u/L Joj:yf ug{ k|fb]lzs ;/sf/n] cfof]uu7g u/L ;f] sfo{ ug{ of] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy}:jfoQ If]qsf] lgdf{0f k|fb]lzs ;/sf/ u7g ePsf]lglZrt ;do leq ul/ ;Sg' kg]{ x'bfF of] Joj:yful/Psf] 5 .;+ljwfgdf ;"rLs[t :jfoQ If]qx?sf] gfd x]/km]/,

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;+3Lo Joj:yflksfn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] ljwfogsf]cfwf/e"t l;4fGt, dfGotf / 9frfFsf] cfwf/dfk|fb]lzs Joj:yflksfn] cfjZos sfg"g lgdf{0f ug{;Sg]5 .-$_ pkwf/f -!_ / -@_ df pNn]lvt ljwflosLclwsf/sf ;fy} o; ;+ljwfg jdf]lhd ;+3 tyfk|b]znfO{ sfo{sfl/0fL / Goflos clwsf/ x'g]5 .-%_ :yfgLo txsf] clwsf/ ;+ljwfgsf] cg';"rL ^ dfpNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g] 5 . cg';"rL ^ dfpNn]lvt ljifodf :yfgLo txn] cfjZos sfg"gagfpg ;Sg]5 . o;/L agfPsf] sfg"g k|fb]lzssfg"g;Fu afFlemPdf afFlemPsf] xb;Dd :jtMlglis|o x'g]5 .-^_ pkwf/f -%_ sf] ljwflosL clwsf/ ;lxt :yfgLotxdf Joj:yf ePsf] lgjf{lrt kl/ifbnfO{sfo{sfl/0fL / Goflos clwsf/ x'g]5.-&_ ljz]if ;+/rgf cGtu{tsf] :jfoQ If]qsf] clwsf/;+ljwfgsf] cg';"rL & df pNn]v eP adf]lhd;f] clwsf/sf] k|of]u / kfngfsf] nflu ;+3 / k|b]zb'j} txsf] ;xof]u cfjZos x'G5 . t;y{ To:tfljifo ;femf ;"rLdf ;dfj]z ug{] cEof; /x]sf] 5 .;femf ;'rLsf] k|of]usf] nflu ;+3 tyf k|b]z b'j}txn] sfg"g lgdf{0f ug{ ;S5g\ . o;/L sfg"glgdf{0f ubf{ ;+3 / k|b]zsf] sfg"g afFlemg ;Sg]ePsf]n] ;+3Lo Joj:yflksfn] ;femf ;"rLsf] ljifodflglZrt dfu{bz{g jf ljwfogsf] cfwf/e"t l;4fGt,dfGotf / 9frfFsf] lgdf{0f ug{] / ;f] cfwf/dfk|fb]lzs Joj:yflksfn] cfjZos sfg"g lgdf{0f ug{;Sg] u/L of] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .;+3 tyf k|b]znfO{ ;+ljwfgn] ;"rLs[t u/]sf]clwsf/sf] ljifodf ljwflosL, sfo{sfl/0fL / Goflosclwsf/ cfjZos x'g] / o;af6 :jzf;g /:jfoQtfsf] k|Tofe"lt lbg of] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .:yfgLo tx ;+3Lo ;+/rgfsf] tNnf] txsf] ?kdf/xg] / o;df hgtfsf] ;a} eGbf klxn] kx'Fr x'g] x'bfFhgtfsf] ;/f]sf/sf ljifox? / :yfgLo txn];+rfng ubf{ k|efjsf/L, pkof]uL / Jojxfl/s x'g];Sg] ljifox? :yfgLo txnfO{ clwsf/sf] ?kdf;+ljwfgdf ;"rLs[t ug{ pko'Qm x'g] / ;"rLs[tljifodf :yfgLo txnfO{ sfg"g lgdf{0f ug]{ clwsf/k|bfg u/L :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g ;+rfng ug{ /:jzf;gsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ of] Joj:yf ul/Psf]5 . ;fy} :yfgLo txn] k|fb]lzs sfg"g;Fu gafFlemg]u/L sfg"g lgdf{0f ug'{ kg]{ / afFlemPdf :yfgLotxsf] sfg"g lglis|o x'g] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .:yfgLo txnfO{ ljwflosL clwsf/sf cnfjfsfo{sfl/0fL / Goflos clwsf/ ;d]t /xg] Joj:yfug{ ;f] txdf Joj:yf x'g] lgjf{lrt kl/ifbnfO{ ;f]clwsf/ x'g] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .ljz]if ;+/rgf cGtu{t /xg] :jfoQ If]qx?sf]:jzf;g / :jfoQtfsf nflu ;+ljwfgåf/f clwsf/XI

10.;+3Lo PsfOx?jLr cGt/;DjGwx'g]5 . cg';"rL & df pNn]lvt ljifodf :jfoQIf]qn] cfˆgf] If]q leq nfu' x'g] u/L sfg"g agfpg;Sg]5 . o;/L agfPsf] sfg"g k|fb]lzs sfg"g;FuafFlemPdf afFlemPsf] xb;Dd :jtM lglis|o x'g]5 .-*_ pkwf/f -&_ sf] ljwflosL clwsf/ ;lxt :jfoQIf]qdf Joj:yf ePsf] lgjf{lrt kl/ifbnfO{sfo{sfl/0fL / Goflos clwsf/ /xg]5 .-(_ o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd :yfkgf ul/g] ljz]if ;+/rgfcGtu{tsf ljz]if If]q / ;+/lIft If]qsf] clwsf/k|fb]lzs sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .-!)_ pkwf/f -%_ / -&_ df pNn]lvt s'/fn] k|fb]lzs;/sf/nfO{ cfˆgf] ;"rLdf k/]sf] ljifodf sfg"gåf/f:yfgLo tx / ljz]if ;+/rgfnfO{ yk clwsf/ k|bfgug{ afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .-!!_ ;+3, k|b]z, :yfgLo tx tyf ljz]if ;+/rgfcGtu{tsf] :jfoQ If]qsf] clwsf/sf] ;'rLdf jf;femf ;'rLdf pNn]v gePsf] s'g} ljifodf tyf of];+ljwfg tyf ;+ljwfg cGt/utsf sfg"gdfgtf]lsPsf] ljifodf sfg"g jgfpg] clwsf/ ;+3LoJoj:yflksfdf lglxt x'g]5 .-!_ ;+3, k|b]z, :yfgLo tx tyf ljz]if ;+/rgfjLrsf] ;DaGw ;xsfl/tf, ;xcl:tTj /;dGjosf] l;4fGtdf cfwfl/t x'g]5 .XII;+3Lo PsfOx? jLrcGt/ ;DaGw ;DaGwLefudf /xg];"rLs[t ug{ cfjZos kg]{ / ;f] ;"rLsf] cfwf/df:jfoQ If]qn] cfˆgf] If]q leq nfu' x'g] u/L sfg"gagfO{ lgoldt ug{ of] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . :jfoQIf]qn] agfpg] sfg"g k|fb]lzs sfg"g;Fu afFlemg ;Sg]x'bfF afFlemPsf] cj:yfdf :jfoQ If]qsf] sfg"g :jtMlglis|o x'g] x'bFf of] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .:jfoQ If]qsf] :jzf;g / :jfoQtfsf nflu ;f]If]qdf Joj:yf ePsf] lgjf{lrt kl/ifbnfO{ ljwflosLclwsf/sf cnfjf sfo{sfl/0fL / Goflos clwsf//xg cfjZos x'g] ePsf]n] of] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5.ljz]if ;+/rgf cGtu{t :yfkgf x'g] ljz]if If]q /;+/lIft If]qsf] :yfkgf k|b]zn] ug]{ x'bfF To:tf If]qsf]clwsf/sf] ljifo klg k|b]zn] g} Jojl:yt ug'{ kg]{x'bfF of] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .:yfgLo tx / ljz]if ;+/rgfnfO{ k|b]zn] cfˆgf]clwsf/ If]q leq kg]{ ljifodf sfg"gåf/f ykclwsf/ k|bfg ug{ ;Sg] x'bFf of] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .;+ljwfgdf s'g} klg txsf] clwsf/sf] ;"rLdf gk/]sf]ljifodf s'g txn] sfg"g lgdf{0f ul/ lgoldt ug]{eGg] ljifo :ki6 g/flvPdf ;d:of kg{ ;Sg] /o:tf] ljifo ;+3n] lgoldt ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf ubf{Ps?ktf / k|efjsf/L x'g] ePsf]n] s'g} klg txsf];"rLdf gk/]sf ljifo / ;femf ;"rLdf gk/]sfljifodf sfg"g agfpg] clwsf/ ;+3LoJoj:yflksfnfO{ x'g] u/L of] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .;+3Lo ;+/rgfdf /xg] ;/sf/sf txx? jLrclwsf/sf] k|of]u jf ;femf rf;f] jf ;/f]sf/sfljifodf ljjfb x'g glbO{ cfk;df ;xof]u ;dGjolj:tf/ ug'{ kg]{ x'bfF ;xof]ufTds, ;xsfl/,;xcl:tTj, cfk;L ;xdlt / ;dGjosf] l;4fGtsfcfwf/df ;DaGw /xg' kg]{ ePsf]n] of] Joj:yf

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-(_ k|b]z / :yfgLo tx jf k|b]z / ljz]if ;+/rgfx? jf:yfgLo txx? jf :yfgLo tx / ljz]if ;+/rgfx?jf ljz]if ;+/rgf cGtu{tsf If]qx? jLr ljjfbpTkGg ePdf ;DalGwt k|b]zsf] Joj:yflksfn]5nkmn u/L ;dfwfg ug{ ;Sg] 5 .-!)_ pkwf/f -(_ cg';f/ ljjfb ;dfwfg ug]{ k|lqmof /sfo{ljlw k|fb]lzs Joj:yflksfn] sfg"gåf/flgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g] 5 .-!!_ ;+3 / k|b]z, k|b]z / k|b]z, k|b]z / :yfgLo tx,k|b]z / ljz]if ;+/rgf / :yfgLo tx / ljz]if;+/rgfsf If]qx? jLr ;+ljwfgåf/f ;"rLs[tclwsf/sf] ljifodf jf ;+j}wflgs JofVofsf]ljifodf s'g} ljjfb pTkGg ePdf To:tf] ljjfbsf]z'? sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug]{ clwsf/ ;+j}wflgscbfntnfO{ x'g]5 .-!@_ ;+j}wflgs cbfntdf Ps hgf cWoIf ;lxt kfFrhgf ;b:ox? /xg] 5g\ .-!#_ ;+j}wflgs cbfntsf cWoIf / ;b:ox?sf]XVII.;+3Lo ;+/rgf cGtu{t lgdf{0f x'g] k|b]z / ;f]cGtu{tsf :yfgLo tx Pj+ ljz]if ;+/rgfcGtu{tsf If]qx? jLr ljjfbx?sf] l;h{gf x'g;Sb5 . To:tf ljjfbx? /fhgLlts txdf 5nkmnu/L ;dfwfg ul/g' k|efjsf/L x'g ;S5 . To;sfnflu k|fb]lzs Joj:yflksf pko'Qm ;+oGq x'g ;Sg]ePsf]n] of] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .k|fb]lzs Joj:yflksfn] ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg ug]{ k|lqmof/ sfo{ljlw sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f ug]{ Joj:yf /xg' kg]{x'bfF of] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .;+3Lo k|0ffnLdf ;/sf/sf txx? jLr clwsf/sf]k|of]u / kfngfsf] ljifodf ;+j}wflgs / sfg"gLljjfbx? pTkGg x'G5g\ . To:tf ljjfbx?nfO{;+j}wflgs / sfg"gL cfwf/df ;dfwfg ul/g' kb{5 .To;sf nflu Goflos ;+oGqsf] cEof; ;+3Lod"n'sx?df /x]sf] kfOG5 . Goflos ;+oGq cGtu{t;+j}wflgs cbfnt, ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, pRr cbfnt,Gofoflws/0f h:tf lgsfox? kb{5g\ . ;+3 / k|b]zjLr, k|b]z k|b]z jLr, k|b]z / :yfgLo tx jLr /k|b]z / ljz]if ;+/rgfsf If]qx? jLr ;+ljwfg /;+ljwfgåf/f k|4t clwsf/sf] k|of]u / kfngf ug]{ljifodf jf ;+j}wflgs JofVofsf] ljifodf ljjfbx?x'g ;Sb5g\ . ;+j}wflgs ljjfbx? cGo sfg"gL ljjfbeGbf km/s k|s[ltsf x'G5g\ . To;sf/0f o:tfljjfbsf] lg?k0fsf nflu Goflos k|s[of ;d]t km/sx'G5 . To;}n] ;+j}wflgs cbfntnfO{ ;+3Lo PsfOx?jLrsf] ;+j}wflgs ljjfb dfq x]g]{ If]qflwsf/n] ljjfb;dfwfg l56f]5l/tf] / k|efjsf/L x'g ;Sg] ePsf]n];+j}wflgs cbfntsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .o:tf] ;+j}wflgs cbfntdf cWoIf ;lxt % hgf;b:o /xg] / To;df /xg] cWoIf / ;b:ox?sf]lgo'lQm, k|ls|of, of]Uotf / ;]jfsf zt{ ;+3Lo ;jf]{Rr

lgo'lQm k|lqmof / of]Uotf qmdzM ;+3Lo ;jf]{Rrcbfntsf] k|wfg GofofwLz / cGo GofofwLz ;/xx'g] 5 .-!$_ ;+j}wflgs cbfntsf cWoIf tyf ;b:ox?sf]kfl/>lds, ;]jfsf] zt{ / cGo ;'ljwf qmdzM;+3Lo ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] k|wfg GofofwLz /GofofwLz ;/x x'g]5 .-!%_ ;+j}wflgs cbfntn] ljjfb lg?k0f ug]{ sfo{ljlw/ k|lqmof sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g] 5 .-!^_ pkwf/f -!!_ df Joj:yf eP adf]lhdsf ljifodf;+j}wflgs cbfntn] u/]sf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 .-!&_ :yfgLo tx / ljz]if ;+/rgf cGtu{t :yfkgf x'g]If]qx?, :yfgLo txx?, ljz]if ;+/rgf cGtu{t:yfkgf x'g] If]qx? jLr pTkGg x'g] sfg"gLljjfbsf] z'? sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug]{ clwsf/;DalGwt k|fb]lzs pRr cbfntnfO{ x'g] 5 .-!*_ k|fb]lzs pRr cbfntn] u/]sf] lg0f{o pk/;+j}wflgs ljifodf ;+j}wflgs cbfntdf k'g/fj]bgXVIIIcbfntsf] k|wfg GofofwLz / cGo GofofwLzsf]Joj:yf;+u ldNg] u/L /fVg ;Sg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5. ;+3Lo ;+j}wflgs cbfntdf /xg] cWoIf tyf;b:ox?sf] lgo'lQm ubf{ ;dfj]zL / ;dfg'kfltsl;4fGtsf] cfwf/df lgo'Qm x'g] 5g\ .;+j}wflgs cbfntn] ljjfb lg?k0f ug]{ k|ls|of /sfo{ljlw sfg"g adf]lhd lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{ x'bFf of]Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .;+j}wflgs cbfntn] ;+3Lo PsfO{x? jLrsf] clwsf// ;+j}wflgs JofVofsf] ljifodf pTkGg ljjfbsf] z'?sf/afxL / lsgf/f ub{5 . o:tf] cbfnt ;+ljwfgåf/f:yflkt x'g] pRr txsf] cbfnt x'g] / o:tf]cbfntn] ;+ljwfgåf/f k|bQ clwsf/sf] k|of]u u/Lljjfbsf] lg?k0f ug]{ x'bfF ;+j}wflgs ljifodf pQmcbfntn] u/]sf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g] Joj:yf ul/Psf]5 .k|b]z cGtu{t lgdf{0f x'g] :yfgLo tx / ljz]if;+/rgfsf] clwsf/ ;+ljwfgdf ;"rLs[t eP cg';f/tL lgsfon] k|of]u ub{5g\ . k|b]zn] ;+ljwfgdf;"rLs[t ePsf ljifosf cnfjf k|fb]lzs ;"rLdfk/]sf ljifodf ;d]t :yfgLo tx / ljz]if;+/rgfnfO{ sfg"gåf/f clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sb5. To:tf] cj:yfdf :yfgLo txx? jLr, ljz]if;+/rgfx? jLr / :yfgLo tx / ljz]if ;+/rgf jLrsfg"gL ljjfbx? pTkGg x'g ;Sb5g\ . To:tf sfg"gLljjfb l56f] 5l/tf] ?kdf ;dfwfg ug{ / ef}uf]lns;'udtfsf] b[li6n] k|fb]lzs pRr cbfntaf6 z'?sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug{ pko'Qm x'g] x'bFf of] Joj:yful/Psf] 5 .k|fb]lzs pRr cbfntn] u/]sf] lg0f{o ;+j}wflgscbfntaf6 kl/If0f ug{ ;Sg] u/L ;f] cbfntdf

12.cfTdlg0f{osf]clwsf/ug{ ;lsg] 5 . k'g/fj]bg ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .-!(_ k|fb]lzs pRr cbfntn] pkwf/f -!&_ dfk|fb]lzs pRr cbfntn] ljjfb lg?k0f ug{ lglZrtpNn]lvt ljjfbsf] lg/f]k0f ug]{ sfo{ljlwsfo{ljlw canDag ug'{ kg]{ / ;f] sfo{ljlw k|fb]lzssfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g] 5 .sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f ug{ of] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .-@)_ pkwf/f -!_ b]lv pkwf/f -!(_ ;Dd h'g;'s} s'/fn]lvPsf] ePtf klg ;+3 / k|b]z, k|b]z / k|b]z,k|b]z / :yfgLo tx, k|b]z / ljz]if ;+/rgf, ljz]if;+/rgfx? / :yfgLo txx? jLr pTkGgljjfbx?sf] ;dfwfgsf nflu b'O{ kIfLo Pj+ax'kIfLo jftf{, d]nldnfk, ;dGjo Pj+ dWo:ytfh:tf ljjfb ;dfwfgsf j}slNks k|lqmofx?canDag ug{ ;lsg] 5 .-@!_ pkwf/f -@)_ adf]lhdsf k|lqmof cGtu{t ljjfb;dfwfg ug]{ sfo{ljlw nufotsf ljifo ;+3Losfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .-!_ cflbjf;L, cflbjf;L hghftL, dw]zLnfO{ cfGtl/s/ :yfgLo ?kdf /fhgLlt, ;+:s[lt, wd{, efiff,lzIff, ;"rgf, ;+rf/, :jf:Yo, a;f]af;, /f]huf/,;fdflhs ;'/Iff, cfly{s lqmofsnfk, jfl0fHo, e"ld,;|f]t;fwgsf] kl/rfng tyf jftfj/0f ;DaGwLclwsf/sf ?kdf cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ /xg] 5 .oL ljifox?df sfg"g agfO{ lglZrt ul/g] 5 .df}lns xs ;DaGwLefudf /xg] .;+3Lo PsfO? jLr pTkGg x'g] ;Dk"0f{ ljjfbx?sf];dfwfg cbfntL k4ltaf6 dfq} k|efjsf/L x'g;Sb}g sltko sfg"gL ljjfb jf c;dembf/L ljjfb;dfwfgsf j}slNks k|s[ofsf] dfWodaf6 ;dfwfgug'{ k|efjsf/L x'g ;Sb5 . o:tf] k|s[ofn] ;+3LoPsfOx? jLr cfk;L ;dembf/L / ;xof]unfO{ a[l4u/L cGttM ;+3LotfnfO{ g} ;kmn agfpg d2tub{5 . o; cGtu{t låkIfLo Pj+ ax'kIfLo jftf{,d]nldnfk, ;dGjo Pj+ dWo:ytf h:tf k|s[ofcanDag ug{ ;lsg] x'bfF of] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .o:tf k|s[of cGtu{t ljjfb ;dfwfg ug{] sfo{ljlwnufotsf ljifo ;+3Lo sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f ul/g'pko'Qm x'g] x'bfF of] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .cflbjf;L, cflbjf;L hghftLnfO{ cfGtl/s/ :yfgLo ?kdf cfˆgf] If]qdf :jtGq ?kdf sfo{ ug{;Sg] clwsf/ /xg' kg]{ x'G5 . o; ;DaGwdf ;+o'Qm/fi6« ;+3sf] gful/s tyf /fhg}lts clwsf/ ;DalGwk|lt1fkq, !(^^, ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] ;fdflhs,cfly{s tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/ ;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«ok|lt1fkq, !(^^, cflbjf;L hghfltsf ;DaGwdf;+o'Qm /fi6« dxf;efsf] 3f]if0ff, @))& tyf cflbjf;Lhghfltsf] clwsf/ ;DaGwL cfOPncf] dxf;GwL!^( n] cflbjf;L, cflbjf;L hghfltnfO{ /fhgLlts,cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts ljsf; tyf cfˆgf]If]qsf] ljsf;sf nflu ;fwg ;|f]tdf kl/rfngsf]clwsf/ x'g] u/L cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/sf] Joj:yfu/]sf] 5 . To;}u/L To:tf] If]qsf cflbjf;L,cflbjf;L hghfltnfO{ /fhgLlts, cfly{s,;f+:s[lts, ;fdflhs If]qsf] ljsf;sf nflu :jtGqXIX

13./fhg}ltscu|flwsf/;DaGwLJoj:yf-@_ pkwf/f -!_ jdf]lhd cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/sf]k|of]u ubf{ b]zsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, :jtGqtf, Pstf /If]qLo cv08tfdf vnn gkg]{ u/L ul/g] 5 .-!_ d"n ;+/rgf cGtu{t hftLo÷;d'bfosf cfwf/dflgdf{0f x'g] k|b]zx?sf] xsdf /fhg}lts bnx?n]lgjf{rgsf] ;dodf / k|fb]lzs ;/sf/ lgdf{0fsf]qmddf ;DalGwt k|b]zdf afx'No /x]sf]hflt÷;d'bfosf] ;b:onfO{ d"Vo g]t[Tj txdfk|fyldstf lbg' kg]{5 . t/ o:tf] /fhg}ltscu|flwsf/sf] Joj:yf b'O{ sfo{sfn kl5 :jtMlglis|o x'g]5 .-@_ ljz]if ;+/rgf cGtu{t lgdf{0f x'g] :jfoQ If]qdfafx"No /x]sf] hflt÷;d'bfosf] To:tf] :jfoQ If]qsf]k|d"v g]t[Tj txdf /fhg}lts cu|flwsf/ x'g]5 .t/ o:tf] /fhg}lts cu|flwsf/sf] Joj:yf b'O{sfo{sfn kl5 :jtM lglis|o x'g]5 .XX?kdf sfo{ ug{ cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ ;d]t /xg'kg]{ x'bfF of] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .k|fuP]ltxfl;s, P]ltxfl;s, j}lbssfnv08x?df ;d]t /x]sf] ljb]x, lj/f6, ;nx]z,l;d|f}gu9, zfSo nufotsf u0f/fHox?sf afl;Gbfx?sfnfGt/df dw]zL eg]/ Pp6f ljz]if klxrfg //fli6«otfsf ?kdf Pstfa4 e} /x]sf] / zx>fJbLof}+b]lv lje]bLs/0f, j+lrlts/0f, jlxis/0f, zf]if0f ul/k5f8L kfl/Psf dw]zL ;d'bfonfO{ /fli6«o, cfGtl/s/ :yfgLo ?kdf /fhgLlt, wd{, ;+:s[lt, efiff, lzIff,;fdflhs ;'/Iff, cfly{s lqmofsnfk, jfl0fHo, e"ld,k|fs[lts >f]t / ;fwgsf] kl/rfng tyf jftfj/0f;DaGwL clwsf/ lbO{ /fli6«o ?kdf pgLx?sf]klxrfg, kx'+r, k|ltlglwTj, k|b]z / k|fs[lts >f]t /;fwgdf ljz]ifflwsf/sf] ?kdf dw]zL ;d'bfonfO{cfTd lg0f{osf] clwsf/ /xg]5 .cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/sf] k|of]u ubf{ b]zsf];fj{ef}d;Qf, :jtGqtf, Pstf / If]qLo cv08tfdfvnn gkg]{ u/L cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{'kg]{ x'bfF of] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .xfn;Dd /fHo;Qfdf hflt÷;d'bfo, plTkl8t ePsfju{sf] pTyfg / klxrfgsf] lgldQ hflt÷;d'bfosf]afx'Notfsf cfwf/df lgdf{0f ePsf k|b]zdf b'O{sfo{sfnsf nflu o:tf] Joj:yf ug]{ / To;kl5 pQmJoj:yf :jtM lglis|o x'g] Joj:yf ug{ of] Joj:yful/Psf] 5 .:jfoQ If]q k|b]z leq /x]sf] Ps hflt÷;d'bfo jfeflifs afx"Notf ePsf] jf ;3g pkl:ylt /x]sf]If]q x'g] x'bfF To:tf] If]qdf afx"No /x]sf]hflt÷;d'bfo jf eflifs ;d'bfosf] /fhg}ltscu|flwsf/ /xg of] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

14.dlxnfsf]clwsf/-!_ dlxnfx?df b]xfo jdf]lhdsf ;dfg clwsf/ /xg]5g\ .-s_ k}t[s ;DklQ, gful/stf, j+zh tyf kfl/jfl/sdfldnfdf k'?if ;/x ;dfg clwsf/-v_ sfg"gsf] b[li6df ;dfg ;+/If0f / nfe k|fKtug]{ clwsf/-u_ ;dfg sfdsf nflu ;dfg kfl/>lds kfpg]clwsf/ .-3_ ;DaGw ljR5]bsf] clwsf/-@_ pkwf/f -!_ df pNn]lvt clwsf/sf cnfjfdlxnfx?df b]xfosf clwsf/x? ;'/lIft /xg] 5g\ .s_ k|hgg :jf:Yo tyf k|hgg ;DaGwL clwsf/v_ ;'/lIft dft[Tjsf] clwsf/-#_ pkwf/f -@_sf] v08 -s_ / -v_sf] Joj:yfsf nflug]kfn ;/sf/n] sfg"g agfO{ cfjZos kg]{ ;|f]ttyf ;fwg Joj:yf ug]{ 5 .df}lns xs ;DaGwLefudf /xg] .g]kfnL ;dfhdf dlxnfsf] /fhg}lts, cfly{s,;fdflhs cj:yf Hofb} k5fl8 k/]sf] tyf dlxnfx?cj;/af6 jl~rt /x]sf 5g\ . To;df klg dw]zLdlxnf / blnt dlxnfsf] cj:yf emg} bogLo /x]sf]5 . dlxnfx? k'?ifsf] t'ngfdf Hofb} c;dfgl:yltdf /x]sf x'bfF k'?if ;/x ;dfg clwsf/ /xg'kg]{ ePsf]n] k}t[s ;DklQ, gful/stf, j+zh tyfkfl/jfl/s dfldnfdf k'?if ;/x ;dfg clwsf/,sfg"gsf] b[li6df ;dfg ;+/If0f / nfe k|fKt ug]{clwsf/, ;dfg sfdsf nflu ;dfg kfl/>ldskfpg] clwsf/ / ;DaGw ljR5]bsf] clwsf/;'lglZrt ug{ of] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .dlxnfx?sf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s, /fhgLlts cj:yfk'?ifsf] t'ngfdf c;dfg /xg'sf ;fy} dlxnfdf dfq;'/lIft /x]sf sltko ljifox?df klg pgLx?nfO{ljz]if clwsf/ /x]sf] kfOb}g . k|hgg\ ;DjGwL ljifodlxnfsf] k|fs[lts / h}ljs clwsf/ Pj+ bfloTjleq kb{5 . o; cGt{ut k|hgg\ ;DaGwL clwsf/,ljjfx ug]{ clwsf/, ;Gtfg slt / slxn] hGdfpg]jf ghGdfpg] eGg] s'/f lgwf{/0f ug{ kfpg] clwsf/,;'/lIft ue{ktgsf] clwsf/, kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf]clwsf/,clglR5t of}g ;DaGw lj?2sf]clwsf/,clglR5t ue{wf/0f lj?2sf] clwsf/,;'/lIft dft[Tjsf] clwsf/, ue{jtL / k|;'tLkZrft\sf] ;dodf / :tgkfgsf] ;dodf cfjZos;]jf / kof{Kt kf]if0f kfpg] clwsf/ /xg] / ltclwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug{ dlxnfx?df k|hgg :jf:Yo/ k|hgg xs ;DaGwL clwsf/ / ;'/lIft dft[Tjsf]clwsf/ /xg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .dlxnfdf /xg] k|hgg ;DaGwL / ;'/lIft dft[Tjsf]clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrt Joj:yf / ;f]sf] nflucfjZos kg]{ ;|f]t ;fwgsf] Joj:yf ;d]t ug'{ kg]{x'bfF g]kfn ;/sf/n] To:tf] ;|f]t ;fwgsf] Joj:yfXXI

15.blntsf]clwsf/-$_ pkwf/f -!_ / -@_ df pNn]lvt clwsf/sf cnfjfdlxnfx?nfO{ b]xfosf If]qdf lgDg lnlvt ljz]ifclwsf/ / cj;/sf] ;'lglZrttf ul/g] 5 .-s_ /fHosf ;Dk"0f{ tx / ;+/rgfdf hg;+Vofsf]cfwf/df ;dfj]zL ;lxtsf] ;dfg'kfltsk|ltlglwTjsf] clwsf/ x'g]5 .-v_ lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/L / ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf]If]qdf ljz]if clwsf/ x'g] 5 .-u_ gLlt lgdf{0fsf] txdf /xg] g]t[TjbfoL kbdfdlxnfsf] ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj /;xeflutfsf] ljz]if Joj:yf ul/g] 5 .-%_ dlxnfn] k|fKt ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/df dw]zL dlxnf,cflbjf;L hghflt dlxnf, cNk;+Vos / blntdlxnfsf] ;d]t ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj u/fOg] 5.-!_ blnt ;d'bfosf] cfly{s, /fhgLlts, ;f+:s[lts,z}lIfs Pj+ ;fdflhs If]qdf lgDgfg';f/ ljz]ifdf}lns xs ;DaGwLefudf /xg] .ug]{ sfg"g agfpg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .dlxnfx? clxn] ;Dd gLlt lgdf{0f txdf k|foM k'Ugg;s]sf]n] To:tf lgsfodf pgLx?sf] ;dfj]zL;lxtsf] ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjsf] Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5 eGg] dfGotf /x]sf] / /fhgLlts tyf gLltlgdf{0f ug]{ txdf dlxnfnfO{ g]t[Tj ug]{ cj;/ k|fKtx'g g;s]sf] x'bfF /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf ubf{ juL{o,hftLo, n}lËs lje]bsf] cGTo ub}{ dlxnfx?sf];d:ofnfO{ ;Daf]wg u/L /fHo ;+/rgfsf ;a}c+ux?df dlxnfsf] ;dfj]zL ;lxtsf] ;dfg'kfltsk|ltlglwTjsf] cfwf/df ;xefuL u/fpg] tyfdlxnfx?sf] ;d:ofnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ ljBdfge]befjsf] cGTo u/L ;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnL ;lxtsf]cu|ufdL k'g;{+/rgf ug]{ ;Gbe{df ;+3Lo ;+/rgfdfdlxnfsf] xs clwsf/sf] ;DaGwdf ljz]if Joj:yfx'g' kg]{ b]lvG5 . h;af6 dlxnf ;d'bfosf] pTyfgeO{ ljut b]lv ljBdfg lje]bx?sf] cGTo x'g'sf;fy} k'?if ;/xsf] ;dfg :t/df k'¥ofpg d2t ub{5. To;sf nflu /fHosf ;Dk"0f{ tx / ;+/rgfdfhg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df ;dfj]zL ;lxtsf];dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjsf] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ul/g'kg]{ cfjZostf /x]sf]n] of] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/L, ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] If]qdftyf /fHosf] gLlt lgdf{0fsf] txdf /xg] g]t[TjbfoLkbdf dlxnfsf] ;dfj]zL ;lxtsf] ;dfg'kfltsk|ltlglwTj / ;xeflutfsf] ljz]if Joj:yf ul/g' kg]{cfjZostf /x]sf]n] of] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .dlxnfnfO{ k|fKt x'g] clwsf/x?df ;a} If]q,;d'bfosf dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTjsf nflu of] Joj:yful/Psf] 5 .g]kfnL ;dfhdf blnt ;d'bfo o'uf} b]lv ljleGgpTkL8gdf /xb} cfPsf] / hftLo lje]b / 5'jf5'tXXII

clwsf/ /xg] 5g\ .-s_ hft, ;d'bfo, j+z jf k]zfsf cfwf/df s'g}klg JolQmnfO{ s'g} klg :yfgdf s'g}lsl;dsf] 5'jf5't / e]befj ul/g] 5}g .o:tf] Jojxf/ dfgjtf lj?4sf] ulDe/ b08lgo;fdflhs ck/fw dflgg] 5 . kLl8t JolQmn]sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ kfpg]5 .-v_ ;/sf/L, cw{–;/sf/L pBf]u / cf}3f]lusk|lti7fgx?df ;dfg'kflts 9+un] /f]huf/Lsf]k|Tofe"lt ul/g] 5 .u_ blntsf k/Dk/fut k]zf;+u ;DalGwtcfw'lgs Joj;fodf blntnfO{ k|fyldstf lbOtbg';f/ ;Lk / ;|f]t pknAw u/fpg] 5 .u_ /fHon] e"ldxLg blntnfO{ Ps k6s hldgpknAw u/fpg] 5 . / a;f]af;sf] ;d]tJoj:yf ug]{5 .3_ blnt ljBfyL{nfO{ k|fylds b]lv pRr lzIff;Dd 5fqj[lQ ;lxt lgz'Ns lzIffsf] Joj:yful/g] 5 . k|fljlws pRr lzIffdf blntsf]nflu sfg"gåf/f ljz]if Joj:yf ul/g] 5 .ª_ blntx?sf] ;fdflhs k|ultsf] nflu lzIff,:jf:Yo / /f]huf/Ldf ljz]if Joj:yf ul/g] 5 .;fy} clfy{s pkf{hg ug]{ ;Lk / ;|f]t pknAwu/fpg] Joj:yf ul/g] 5 .h:tf] s'/Lltsf sf/0f blnt ;d'bfo ckx]lnthLjg afFRg ljjz /x]sf] 5 . blntx?sf]/fhgLlts, clfy{s, ;fdflhs / z}lIfs cj:yfcToGt} k5fl8 /x]sf] 5 eg] dw]zL blntsf] cj:yfemg} bogLo 5 . of] ;d'bfosf] pTkL8gnfO{ cGTou/L /fHosf] ;dfj]zL / cu|ufdL k'g;{+/rgf ug]{tyf d'n'ssf] ;+3Lo, k|fb]lzs tyf :yfgLo txsf;+/rgfsf ;a} c+ux?df blnt ;d'bfonfO{ ljz]ifclwsf/sf] Joj:yf ul/g' kg]{ cfjZostf /x]sf]n] of]Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .;dfhsf] snÍsf] ?kdf /x]sf] dfgjtf lj?4sf]ulDe/ ;fdflhs ck/fwsf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5'jf5't /e]befj cGTo ug{sf] nflu o;nfO{ ulDe/ ;fdflhsck/fwsf ?kdf b08gLo agfO{ sfg"gåf/f ;hfo /lkl8t JolQmnfO{ If]ltk"tL{sf] Joj:yf ug{ of]Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .blnt ;d'bfosf k/Dk/fut k]zfnfO{ cw'lgsLs/0fu/L To:tf Joj;fo;Fu ;DalGwt cfw'lgsJoj;fodf blnt ;d'bfonfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ ;f]cg';f/sf] ;|ft] / ;fwg pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yfx'g' kb{5 .e"ldlxg blntx?sf] e"ld dflysf] :jfldTjdf kx'Frk'¥ofpg cfjZos ePsf]n] of] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .;fy} blntx?sf] a;f]af;sf] Joj:yfkg ug{ ;d]tcfjZos ePsf]n] of] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .blnt ;d'bfo lzIffsf] If]qdf k5fl8 /x]sfn]pgLx?nfO{ /fHon] k|fylds tx b]lv pRr tx ;Dd5fqj[lQ ;lxtsf] lgz'Ns Joj:yf ug]{ / k|fljlwspRr lzIffdf sfg"gåf/f ljz]if Joj:yf ug'{ kb{5 .XXIII

16.cfof]u ;DaGwLJoj:yf-@_ ;+3Lo k|fb]lzs / :yfgLo txsf ;a} /fhg}lts;+/rgfdf hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df blntsf];dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjsf] Joj:yf u/L ;+3Lo /k|fb]lzs ;+/rgfdf qmdzM tLg / kfFr k|ltzt ykk|ltlglwTjsf] Joj:yf sfg"gåf/f Jojl:yt ul/g]5 .-#_ lghfdtL ;]jf, k|x/L / ;]gf nufotsf /f]huf/LsfcGo If]qdf blntsf] ;zlQms/0f, k|ltlglwTj /;xeflutfsf nflu ;dfj]zL / ;dfg'kfltscfwf/df sfg"gåf/f ljz]if Joj:yf ul/g] 5 .-$_ blnt ;d'bfon] k|fKt ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/df kxf8Lblnt, dw]zL blnt / blnt dlxnfsf] ;dfg'kfltsk|ltlglwTj u/fOg] 5 .-!_ g]kfndf Ps ;+3Lo dlxnf cfof]u /xg] 5 . To:tf]cfof]u k|b]zdf klg u7g ul/g]5 .-@_ g]kfndf ;+3Lo blnt clwsf/ cfof]u /xg]5 .To:tf] cfof]u k|b]zdf klg u7g ul/g]5 .XXIV;+ljwfgsf] 5'§} efudf/xg] .blntx?sf] ;fdflhs k|ultsf] nflu lzIff, :jf:Yo,/f]huf/L, clfy{s pkf{hg ug]{ ;Lk / ;|f]t cfjZoskg]{ x'bfF of] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .;+3Lo, k|fb]lzs / :yfgLo txsf ;a} /fhg}lts;+/rgfdf blntsf] k|ltlglwTjnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjsf]Joj:yf ug{ / blnt ;d'bfosf] /fHo;Qfdfkx'FrxLgtfsf] P]ltxfl;s >[ª\vnfnfO{ tf]8]/ cGo;d'bfo ;/x k'¥ofpg s]xL cjlwsf lglDt;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjdf yk Ifltk"lt{ ;d]tpknAw u/fpg' kg]{ cj:yf /x]sf]n] ;+3Lo /k|fb]lzs ;+/rgfdf qmdzM #Ü / %Ü ykk|ltlglwTjsf] Joj:yf ul/ pgLx?nfO{ gLltlgdf{0fdf ;xefuL u/fpg o:tf] Joj:yf ;+ljwfgdfk|Tofe"t u/L sfg"gåf/f Jojl:yt ul/g' kg]{ x'bFf of]Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .lghfdtL ;]jf, k|x/L / ;]gf nufotsf cGo/f]huf/Lsf If]qdf blnt ;d'bfosf] ;xeflutfnfO{;'lglZrt ug{ ;sf/fTds lje]bsf] l;4fGtdfcfwfl/t /lx k|ltlglwTjsf] Joj:yf canDag ug'{kb{5 . o:tf] Joj:yf sfg"gåf/f ;'lglZrt ul/g'pko'Qm x'g] x'bfF of] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .blnt ;d'bfonfO{ k|fKt x'g] ;Dk'0f{ clwsf/x?df;a} If]qsf blnt tyf blnt dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTjsfnflu of] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .dlxnfsf] xs lxt ;+/If0f / ;Da4{g u/L dlxnfsf];+du| ljsf; / n}lËs ;dfgtf sfod ug{ o:tf];+j}wflgs cfof]u /xg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 / To:tf]cfof]u k|b]z :t/df klg cfjZos x'g] x'bfF k|b]zdf;d]t u7g ul/g] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .blnt ;d'bfosf] xs lxt ;+/If0f Pj+ ;Da4{g u/Lblnt ;d'bfosf] ;du| ljsf; u/L Gofo sfod ug{

17.dw]zLsf]clwsf/18.nf]kf]Gd'vhflt÷;d'bfosf] clwsf/-#_ g]kfndf Ps ;+3Lo dw]zL cfof]u /xg]5 . To:tf]cfof]u cfjZostf cg';f/ k|b]zdf klg u7g ug{;lsg]5 .-!_ dw]zL ;d'bfonfO{ /fHosf] gLlt lgdf{0f, zf;g,k|zf;g, h+uL, k|x/L, ;+:yfg, ljsf; ;ldlt,k|lti7fg nufotsf ;Dk'0f{ tx / ;+/rgfdfg]t[TjbfoL kb ;d]tdf hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/dfsfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd ;dfj]zL ;lxtsf];dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjsf] clwsf/ x'g]5 .-!_ /fHon] ;+3Lo ;+/rgfsf ;a} txx?df sfg"gåf/flgwf{l/t nf]kf]Gd'v hflt÷;d'bfosf] k|ltlglwTj,;xeflutf / ljsf;nfO{ sfg"g agfO{ ljz]if ;+/If0fug]{ gLlt canDag ug{]5 .-@_ cfly{s / ;fdflhs ?kn] ljkGg, clt cNk;+Vos/ l;dfGts[t ;d'bfosf] k|ltlglwTj, ;xeflutf,;+/If0f / ljsf;sf lglDt /fHon] sfg"gåf/f ljz]ifJoj:yf ug]{5 .df}lns xs ;DaGwLefudf /xg] .df}lns xs ;DaGwLefudf /xg] .;+3Lo blnt cfof]u x'g] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . o:tf]blnt cfof]u k|b]z :t/df klg cfjZos x'g] x'bfFk|b]zdf klg u7g x'g] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .dw]zL ;d'bfonfO{ ;+3Lo ;+/rgf cGtu{t gLltlgdf{0f zf;g–k|zf;g nufot ;]gf k|x/L tyf;/sf/L k|lti7fg / ;ldltx?df hg;+Vofsf]cfwf/df ;dfj]zL ;lxtsf] ;dfg'kfltsk|ltlglwTjsf nflu ;+j}wflgs tyf cGo sfg"gLJoj:yf cg';f/ k|ltlglwTj / ;xeflutfsf]Joj:yfkg, sfof{Gjog eP gePsf] cg'udg tyftbf?stf k"j{s sfof{Gjog ug{ u/fpg /fHosflgsfonfO{ ;ls|o agfpg ;+3Lo txdf clwsf/;DkGg dw]zL cfof]u u7g ug{ / cfjZostfcg';f/ k|b]zdf klg To:tf] cfof]u u7g ug{ of]Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .dw]zL ;d'bfonfO{ /fHosf] gLlt lgdf{0f, zf;g,k|zf;g, h+uL, k|x/L, ;+:yfg, ljsf; ;ldlt,k|lti7fg nufotsf ;Dk'0f{ tx / ;+/rgfdfg]t[TjbfoL kb ;d]tdf hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/dfsfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd ;dfj]zL ;lxtsf];dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjsf] clwsf/ sfg"gåf/f;'lglZrt ug{ of] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 ./fHoaf6 pTkLl8t, pk]lIft, /fHo;Qfsf] kx'Fraf66f9f k/]sf / alxis/0fdf kfl/Psf nf]kf]Gd'vhflt÷;d'bfosf] k|ltlglwTj, ;xeflutf /ljsf;nfO{ ljz]if ;+/If0f ug'{ kg]{ cfjZostf /xG5. To;sf nflu /fHon] ;+3Lo ;+/rgfsf ;a}txx?df k|ltlglwTj / ;xeflutf tyf To:tf;d'bfosf] ljsf;nfO{ sfg"g agfO{ ljz]if ;+/If0fug]{ gLlt canDag ug'{ kg]{ x'bfF of] Joj:yful/Psf] 5 . nf]kf]Gd'v cNk;+Vossf] hftLsf];GttL, ;+:s[lt / efiffsf] ;+/If0f / ;+j4{gsf nflu/fHon] sfg"g agfO{ ljz]if Joj:yf ug]{5 .XXV

19.ljz]ifclwsf/sf];dLIff tyfk'g/fjnf]sgdlxnf tyf blnt ;d'bfosf] ljz]if clwsf/sf]Joj:yfsf] sfo{fGjog / To;sf] k|efj ;DaGwdf dfgjljsf; ;"rÍfssf] cfwf/df k|To]s !) jif{df ul/g]/fli6«o hgu0fgf;Fu} g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;dLIff tyfk'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ 5 .;+ljwfgsf] ljz]ifefudf /xg] .dlxnf tyf blnt ;d'bfonfO{ k|bfg ul/Psf ljz]ifclwsf/sf] Joj:yfsf] sfo{fGjog / To;sf] k|efj;DaGwdf dfgj ljsf; ;"rÍfssf] cfwf/dfcfjlws ?kdf ;dLIff tyf k'g/fjnf]sg ul/g'pko'Qm x'G5 . To;sf nflu k|To]s !) jif{df ul/g]/fli6«o hgu0fgf;+u} g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;dLIff tyfk'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ Joj:yf ;+ljwfgdf /flvg' pko'Qmx'g] ePsf]n] of] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .XXVI

cg';"rL — !k|b]zsf] ;+Vof, l;dfgf / If]q-;+ljwfgsf] wf/f % ;Fu ;DalGwt_XXVI

k|b]zsf] gfd uf=lj=;= lhNnf;'gsf]zL afa/] bf]nvf;'gsf]zL e]8k' bf]nvf;'gsf]zL led]Zj/ g=kf= bf]nvf;'gsf]zL eL/sf]6 bf]nvf;'gsf]zL af]r bf]nvf;'gsf]zL rªv' bf]nvf;'gsf]zL 5]qkf bf]nvf;'gsf]zL Rofdf bf]nvf;'gsf]zL 8fF8fvs{ bf]nvf;'gsf]zL km:s' bf]nvf;'gsf]zL u}/fd'8L bf]nvf;'gsf]zL 3\ofª;'sfyf]s/ bf]nvf;'gsf]zL xfjf bf]nvf;'gsf]zL hfkm] bf]nvf;'gsf]zL e'mnL bf]nvf;'gsf]zL ‰ofs' bf]nvf;'gsf]zL lh/L bf]nvf;'gsf]zL h'u' bf]nvf;'gsf]zL sfa|] bf]nvf;'gsf]zL sflnGrf]s bf]nvf;'gsf]zL sf6fs'6L bf]nvf;'gsf]zL vf]kfrfu' bf]nvf;'gsf]zL nf8's bf]nvf;'gsf]zL nfs'/L8fF8f bf]nvf;'gsf]zL nfdL8fF8f bf]nvf;'gsf]zL nflknfª bf]nvf;'gsf]zL dfufkf}jf bf]nvf;'gsf]zL dfnL bf]nvf;'gsf]zL dfn' bf]nvfXXVII;'gsf]zL d]n'ª bf]nvf;'gsf]zL d[u] bf]nvf;'gsf]zL gfDb' bf]nvf;'gsf]zL kf]j6L bf]nvf;'gsf]zL zx/] bf]nvf;'gsf]zL z}n'Ë]Zj/ bf]nvf;'gsf]zL ;'gvfgL bf]nvf;'gsf]zL ;'Gbf|jtL bf]nvf;'gsf]zL ;'/L bf]nvf;'gsf]zL ;':kf IfdfjtL bf]nvf;'gsf]zL :ofdf bf]nvf;'gsf]zL 7'nf]kftfn bf]nvf;'gsf]zL anfv' cf]vn9'Ëf;'gsf]zL j?0f]Zj/ cf]vn9'Ëf;'gsf]zL j]l6gL cf]vn9'Ëf;'gsf]zL ljnGb' cf]vn9'Ëf;'gsf]zL Rofgfd cf]vn9'Ëf;'gsf]zL km]bLu'y cf]vn9'Ëf;'gsf]zL km'njf/L cf]vn9'Ëf;'gsf]zL ufDgfª6f/ cf]vn9'Ëf;'gsf]zL xs{k'/ cf]vn9'Ëf;'gsf]zL HofdL/] cf]vn9'Ëf;'gsf]zL sflnsfb]jL cf]vn9'Ëf;'gsf]zL sfKtLufpF cf]vn9'Ëf;'gsf]zL s6'~h] cf]vn9'Ëf;'gsf]zL s]6's] cf]vn9'Ëf;'gsf]zL lvhL rG8]Zj/L cf]vn9'Ëf;'gsf]zL lvhLkmnfF6] cf]vn9'Ëf;'gsf]zL s'Gtfb'jL cf]vn9'Ëf;'gsf]zL dfwjk'/ cf]vn9'Ëf

;'gsf]zL d'nfvs{ cf]vn9'Ëf;'gsf]zL gd{b]Zj/ cf]vn9'Ëf;'gsf]zL cf]vn9'Ëf cf]vn9'Ëf;'gsf]zL kfnfk' cf]vn9'Ëf;'gsf]zL kf]sfnL cf]vn9'Ëf;'gsf]zL krf{ cf]vn9'Ëf;'gsf]zL /3'bLk cf]vn9'Ëf;'gsf]zL /ugL cf]vn9'Ëf;'gsf]zL /fgLjg cf]vn9'Ëf;'gsf]zL ;Nn]/L cf]vn9'Ëf;'gsf]zL >Lrf}/ cf]vn9'Ëf;'gsf]zL l;+3fb]jL cf]vn9'Ëf;'gsf]zL l;:g]/l dxfb]j:yfg cf]vn9'Ëf;'gsf]zL tf/s]/fjf/L cf]vn9'Ëf;'gsf]zL yf]S;]n cf]vn9'Ëf;'gsf]zL of;fd cf]vn9'Ëf;'gsf]zL jfDtLe08f/ /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL a]tfnL /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL ebf}/] /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL e6f}nL /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL eL/kfgL /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL e'hL /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL lahnLsf]6 /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL rgfv' /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL lr;fkfgL /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL r'r'/] /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL b'w'jf /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL b]p/fnL /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL bf]/Daf /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL b'/fufFp /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL kmfk'{ /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL u]n' /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL uf]7ufpF /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL y'Db]n /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL u'Kt]Zj/ /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL lxdu+uf /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL s7hf]/ /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL v8\ub]jL /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL lvDtL /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL s'e+sf:ynL /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL de'mjf /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL dsb'd /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL dfn'jfhf/ /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL dGynL /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL gfubx /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL gfd8L /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL cf]v|]gL /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL ks/af; /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL km'nf;L /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL lkËv'/L /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL lk|tL /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL k'/fgfufpF /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL /fsfy'd /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL /fd]5fk /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL /fdk'/ /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL /;gf'n' /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL ;}k' /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL ;fn' /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL ;f+3f'6f/ /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL ;'sfhf]/ /fd]5fkXXVIII

;'gsf]zL ;'g/fkfgL /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL 7f];] /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL ltnk'Ë /fd]5fk;'gsf]zL c?0f 7fs'/ l;Gw'nL;'gsf]zL afx'g ltnk'ª l;Gw'nL;'gsf]zL afnfhf]/ l;Gw'nL;'gsf]zL af;]Zj/ l;Gw'nL;'gsf]zL a]n3f/L l;Gw'nL;'gsf]zL led]Zj/ l;Gw'nL;'gsf]zL led:yfg l;Gw'nL;'gsf]zL e'jg]Zj/L Ujfn6f/ l;Gw'nL;'gsf]zL ljlthf]/ au}rf l;Gw'nL;'gsf]zL b"we~HofË l;Gw'nL;'gsf]zL b"wf}nL l;Gw'nL;'gsf]zL x;f{xL l;Gw'nL;'gsf]zL xtkt] l;Gw'nL;'gsf]zL hnsGof rkf}nL l;Gw'nL;'gsf]zL h/fof]6f/ l;Gw'nL;'gsf]zL emFufemf]nL /ftfdf6f l;Gw'nL;'gsf]zL lhgfv' l;Gw'nL;'gsf]zL sfs'/ 7fs'/ l;Gw'nL;'gsf]zL sdnfdfO{ l;Gw'nL;'gsf]zL vfª;fª l;Gw'nL;'gsf]zL vf]nfufpF l;Gw'nL;'gsf]zL dx]Gb| l;Gw'nL;'gsf]zL nDkg6f/ l;Gw'nL;'gsf]zL dxfb]j8fF8f l;Gw'nL;'gsf]zL dem'jf l;Gw'nL;'gsf]zL lgkfg] l;Gw'nL;'gsf]zL k'/fgf] emFfufem]fnL l;Gw'nL;'gsf]zL /fgLaf; l;Gw'nL;'gsf]zL /fgLr'/L l;Gw'nL;'gsf]zL /tgr'/f l;Gw'nL;'gsf]zL /TgfjtL l;Gw'nL;'gsf]zL l;yf]{nL l;Gw'nL;'gsf]zL l;tnkf6L l;Gw'nL;'gsf]zL ;'gfdkf]v/L l;Gw'nL;'gsf]zL :jfNkfyfgf l;Gw'nL;'gsf]zL 6fF8L l;Gw'nL;'gsf]zL ltgsGof l;Gw'nL;'gsf]zL tf];dvf]nf l;Gw'nL;'gsf]zL lqe'jg cfdaf]6] l;Gw'nL;'gsf]zL a/fO pbok'/;'gsf]zL 8'd|] pbok'/;'gsf]zL xb]{gL pbok'/;'gsf]zL s6f/L pbok'/;'gsf]zL n]vfgL pbok'/;'gsf]zL lnDk6f/ pbok'/;'gsf]zL k~rjtL pbok'/;'gsf]zL l/:s' pbok'/;'gsf]zL ;f]?Ërf}lj;] pbok'/;'gsf]zL l;;]{ pbok'/;'gsf]zL tfjf>L pbok'/;'gsf]zL j]nfof8fF8f pbok'/;'gsf]zL ofof+v' pbok'/du/ft c8u'/L c3f{vfFrLdu/ft c3f{ c3f{vfFrLdu/ft c3f{tf]; c3f{vfFrLdu/ft c;'/sf]6 c3f{vfFrLdu/ft ansf]6 c3f{vfFrLXXIX

du/ft afFuL c3f{vfFrLdu/ft jfUnf c3f{vfFrLdu/ft eujtL c3f{vfFrLdu/ft 5qu~h c3f{vfFrLdu/ft lrlbsf c3f{vfFrLdu/ft 9fsfjfË c3f{vfFrLdu/ft wgrf}/ c3f{vfFrLdu/ft wf/fkfgL c3f{vfFrLdu/ft wfltfjfË c3f{vfFrLdu/ft l9s'/f c3f{vfFrLdu/ft l8jgf{ c3f{vfFrLdu/ft uf]v'Ëf c3f{vfFrLdu/ft x+;k'/ c3f{vfFrLdu/ft h's]gf c3f{vfFrLdu/ft hn's] c3f{vfFrLdu/ft lsd8fF8f c3f{vfFrLdu/ft s]?Ëf c3f{vfFrLdu/ft vg c3f{vfFrLdu/ft vfFrLsf]6 c3f{vfFrLdu/ft vgbx c3f{vfFrLdu/ft lvlbd c3f{vfFrLdu/ft lvNhL c3f{vfFrLdu/ft d}bfg c3f{vfFrLdu/ft d/]Ë c3f{vfFrLdu/ft g/kfgL c3f{vfFrLdu/ft g'jfsf]6 c3f{vfFrLdu/ft kfnL c3f{vfFrLdu/ft k6f}6L c3f{vfFrLdu/ft k0f]gf c3f{vfFrLdu/ft kf]v/fyf]s c3f{vfFrLdu/ft ;lGwvs{ c3f{vfFrLdu/ft l;4wf/f c3f{vfFrLdu/ft l;dnkfgL c3f{vfFrLdu/ft l;tfk'/ c3f{vfFrLdu/ft ;'j0f{vfn c3f{vfFrLdu/ft 7f8f c3f{vfFrLdu/ft 7'nfkf]v/f c3f{vfFrLdu/ft clwsf/Lrf}/ afUn'Ëdu/ft cdnfrf}/ afUn'Ëdu/ft cd/e"ld afUn'Ëdu/ft cu{n afUn'Ëdu/ft ch]{jf afUn'Ëdu/ft af6sfrf}/ afUn'Ëdu/ft es'08] afUn'Ëdu/ft ledkf]v/f afUn'Ëdu/ft leËL7] afUn'Ëdu/ft lax'sf]6 afUn'Ëdu/ft lagfdf/] afUn'Ëdu/ft af]x/fufpF afUn'Ëdu/ft a'+ufbf]efg afUn'Ëdu/ft af]afË afUn'Ëdu/ft a'lt{afª afUn'Ëdu/ft l5:tL afUn'Ëdu/ft bufGt'8fF8f afUn'Ëdu/ft bd]s afUn'Ëdu/ft bln{Ë afUn'Ëdu/ft b]jL:yfg afUn'Ëdu/ft wDhf afUn'Ëdu/ft b'wLnfaf6L afUn'Ëdu/ft b'Nn'u9L afUn'ËXXX

du/ft w'Nn'afF;sf]6 afUn'Ëdu/ft UjfnLrf}/ afUn'Ëdu/ft x/Lrf}/ afUn'Ëdu/ft xl6of afUn'Ëdu/ft lxn afUn'Ëdu/ft x'UbLlz/ afUn'Ëdu/ft hnhnf afUn'Ëdu/ft sflnsf g=kf= afUn'Ëdu/ft s+8]af; afUn'Ëdu/ft v'+uf afUn'Ëdu/ft s':dL;]/f afUn'Ëdu/ft n]vfgL afUn'Ëdu/ft dflnsfyf]6f afUn'Ëdu/ft dfNdf afUn'Ëdu/ft gf/fo0f:yfg afUn'Ëdu/ft g/]7fF6L afUn'Ëdu/ft lg;L afUn'Ëdu/ft k}o'kf6f afUn'Ëdu/ft k}o'yGyfk afUn'Ëdu/ft kfnsf]6 afUn'Ëdu/ft kf08jvfgL afUn'Ëdu/ft /fhs'6 afUn'Ëdu/ft /0fl;ªsL6]gL afUn'Ëdu/ft /fªvfgL afUn'Ëdu/ft /fo8fF8f afUn'Ëdu/ft /]z afUn'Ëdu/ft l/3f afUn'Ëdu/ft ;Nofg afUn'Ëdu/ft ;/s'jf afUn'Ëdu/ft l;ufgf afUn'Ëdu/ft l;vf;fgL afUn'Ëdu/ft ;'vf}/f afUn'Ëdu/ft ;'gvfgL afUn'Ëdu/ft tdfg afUn'Ëdu/ft tª\u|fd afUn'Ëdu/ft tf/f afUn'Ëdu/ft ltTofª afUn'Ëdu/ft cUn'ª u'NdLdu/ft cd/cjf{yf]s u'NdLdu/ft cd/k'/ u'NdLdu/ft cfFkrf}/ u'NdLdu/ft cj]{gL u'NdLdu/ft ch]{ u'NdLdu/ft cv{n] u'NdLdu/ft cv{jfË u'NdLdu/ft cnf{ªsf]6 u'NdLdu/ft c:n]jf u'NdLdu/ft a8fufpF u'NdLdu/ft afFems6]/L u'NdLdu/ft an]6S;f/ u'NdLdu/ft alny'd u'NdLdu/ft aD3f u'NdLdu/ft ef;]{ u'NdLdu/ft e't'{Ë u'NdLdu/ft lj/jf; u'NdLdu/ft lj;'vs{ u'NdLdu/ft 5fklxn] u'NdLdu/ft bnf{drf}/ u'NdLdu/ft b/jf/b]lj:yfg u'NdLdu/ft bln{Ë u'NdLXXXI

du/ft bf}jf u'NdLdu/ft 3ld/ u'NdLdu/ft w'sf]{6 j:t' u'NdLdu/ft w'sf]{6 egeg] u'NdLdu/ft w'sf]{6 gofFufFp u'NdLdu/ft w'sf]{6 /h:yn u'NdLdu/ft lbufd u'NdLdu/ft l8a|'Ë u'NdLdu/ft bf]xnL u'NdLdu/ft b'jLrf}/ u'NdLdu/ft kmlS;Ë u'NdLdu/ft uf}8fsf]6 u'NdLdu/ft 1jf u'NdLdu/ft UjfbL u'NdLdu/ft xf8xf8] u'NdLdu/ft x+:jf/f u'NdLdu/ft xlb{g]6f u'NdLdu/ft x/]jf u'NdLdu/ft xld{rf}/ u'NdLdu/ft x/f{rf}/ u'NdLdu/ft xl:trf}/ u'NdLdu/ft XjfFUbL u'NdLdu/ft x'Fuf u'NdLdu/ft O:df/h:yn u'NdLdu/ft h}zLyf]s u'NdLdu/ft hovfgL u'NdLdu/ft h'xfË u'NdLdu/ft h'lgof u'NdLdu/ft h'e'Ë u'NdLdu/ft v8\usf]6 u'NdLdu/ft vHof{Ë u'NdLdu/ft s'3f{ u'NdLdu/ft lnD3f u'NdLdu/ft dfnlu/L u'NdLdu/ft d/e'Ë u'NdLdu/ft d';Lsf]6vnË u'NdLdu/ft Dofnkf]v/L u'NdLdu/ft g]6f u'NdLdu/ft kNnLsf]6 u'NdLdu/ft k/fNdL u'NdLdu/ft kf}bL cd/fO{ u'NdLdu/ft lkkng]6f u'NdLdu/ft k'sf]{6bx u'NdLdu/ft k'lt{3f6 u'NdLdu/ft l/d'jf u'NdLdu/ft ?kfsf]6 u'NdLdu/ft ?? u'NdLdu/ft zflGtk'/ u'NdLdu/ft ;LdLrf}/ u'NdLdu/ft l;;]{gL u'NdLdu/ft tD3f; u'NdLdu/ft yfgklt u'NdLdu/ft 7'nf]n'Dk] u'NdLdu/ft t'/fË u'NdLdu/ft jfUnf u'NdLdu/ft jfdL6S;f/ u'NdLdu/ft bfªl;+ª sf:sLdu/ft cd{g DofUbLdu/ft cy"{Ë] DofUbLdu/ft jfljofrf}/ DofUbLXXXII

du/ft ju/vf]nf DofUbLdu/ft j/Ghf DofUbLdu/ft elsDnL DofUbLdu/ft ljd DofUbLdu/ft lrdvf]nf DofUbLdu/ft bUgfd DofUbLdu/ft bfgf DofUbLdu/ft b/jfª DofUbLdu/ft b]jL:yfg DofUbLdu/ft 3tfg DofUbLdu/ft bf]jf DofUbLdu/ft u'hf{vfgL DofUbLdu/ft lx:tfgd08nL DofUbLdu/ft lem+ DofUbLdu/ft Hofd'/sf]6 DofUbLdu/ft s'Fx'F DofUbLdu/ft s'Og]dËn] DofUbLdu/ft n'nfª DofUbLdu/ft dNsjfª DofUbLdu/ft d/fª DofUbLdu/ft d'bL DofUbLdu/ft d'gf DofUbLdu/ft gf/Rofª DofUbLdu/ft lg:sf]6 DofUbLdu/ft cf]v/jf]6 DofUbLdu/ft kfvfkfgL DofUbLdu/ft kftn]v]t DofUbLdu/ft k'nfrf}/ DofUbLdu/ft eujtL DofUbLdu/ft /fv'lkkn DofUbLdu/ft /fDr] DofUbLdu/ft /Tg]rf}/ DofUbLdu/ft ?d DofUbLdu/ft l;v DofUbLdu/ft l;ªf DofUbLdu/ft tsfd DofUbLdu/ft tftf]kfgL DofUbLdu/ft a]0fLdl0fk'/ gjnk/f;Ldu/ft ef/tLk'/ gjnk/f;Ldu/ft a'lnË6f/ gjnk/f;Ldu/ft 8fF8fem]/L6f/L gjnk/f;Ldu/ft 8]8ufpF gjnk/f;Ldu/ft b]p/fnL gjnk/f;Ldu/ft wf}afbL gjnk/f;Ldu/ft w'sf]{6 gjnk/f;Ldu/ft b'DsLjf; gjnk/f;Ldu/ft x'K;]sf]6 gjnk/f;Ldu/ft hf}af/L gjnk/f;Ldu/ft sf]6y/ gjnk/f;Ldu/ft d}gf3f6 gjnk/f;Ldu/ft ldy's/d gjnk/f;Ldu/ft g/d gjnk/f;Ldu/ft gofa]nxfgL gjnk/f;Ldu/ft k;f]{gL gjnk/f;Ldu/ft /fsfr'nL gjnk/f;Ldu/ft /s'jf gjnk/f;Ldu/ft ?rfª gjnk/f;Ldu/ft tD;l/of gjnk/f;Ldu/ft pkNnf] cv{n] gjnk/f;Ldu/ft cr{n] kfNkfXXXIII

du/ft c3]{nL kfNkfdu/ft jxfb'/k'/ kfNkfdu/ft jN8]ªu9L kfNkfdu/ft jGbLkf]v/f kfNkfdu/ft j/fªbL kfNkfdu/ft e}/j:yfg kfNkfdu/ft e'jgkf]v/L kfNkfdu/ft ljsf]{6 kfNkfdu/ft kf]v/fyf]s kfNkfdu/ft jf}3fkf]v/fyf]s kfNkfdu/ft jf}3fkf]v/fyf]s kfNkfdu/ft 5x/f kfNkfdu/ft lrlbkfgL kfNkfdu/ft lrt'{ªwf/f kfNkfdu/ft b5f{ kfNkfdu/ft bnf{d8fF8f kfNkfdu/ft b]p/fnL kfNkfdu/ft b]jLgu/ kfNkfdu/ft bf]efg kfNkfdu/ft k]ms kfNkfdu/ft kmf]lS;Ësf]6 kfNkfdu/ft uf8fsf]6 kfNkfdu/ft uNwf kfNkfdu/ft u]emf kfNkfdu/ft uf]yf8L kfNkfdu/ft x]snfª kfNkfdu/ft x'ldg kfNkfdu/ft x'FuL kfNkfdu/ft hNkf kfNkfdu/ft em8]jf kfNkfdu/ft lem/jf; kfNkfdu/ft h'7fkf}jf kfNkfdu/ft Hofld/] kfNkfdu/ft srn kfNkfdu/ft s;gL kfNkfdu/ft vn]jfË kfNkfdu/ft vfgL5fk kfNkfdu/ft vfgLufpF kfNkfdu/ft v:of}nL kfNkfdu/ft Vofx kfNkfdu/ft sf]n8fF8f kfNkfdu/ft s'z'dvf]nf kfNkfdu/ft dbgkf]v/f kfNkfdu/ft d:ofd kfNkfdu/ft ldTofn kfNkfdu/ft d'em'Ë kfNkfdu/ft gfo/ gdtn]; kfNkfdu/ft kfn'Ëdf8L kfNkfdu/ft lkkn8fF8f kfNkfdu/ft kf]v/fyf]s kfNkfdu/ft /xjf; kfNkfdu/ft /fdk'/ kfNkfdu/ft l/Ug]/x kfNkfdu/ft ?K;] kfNkfdu/ft ;xnsf]6 kfNkfdu/ft ;TojtL kfNkfdu/ft l;4]Zj/ kfNkfdu/ft l;n'jf kfNkfdu/ft ;f]dfbL kfNkfdu/ft tfxF' kfNkfXXXIV

du/ft tfg;g]g g=kf= kfNkfdu/ft t]N3f kfNkfdu/ft l6d'/] kfNkfdu/ft jfsfdnfË kfNkfdu/ft oD3f kfNkfdu/ft jfh'ª kj{tdu/ft jgf} kj{tdu/ft afF;vs{ kj{tdu/ft e'Qfªn] kj{tdu/ft lrjf kj{tdu/ft b]pk/fsf]6 kj{tdu/ft b]p/fnL kj{tdu/ft wfOl/ª kj{tdu/ft b'n'{ª kj{tdu/ft s'sf]{6 kj{tdu/ft Sofª kj{tdu/ft n]vkmfF6 kj{tdu/ft dfemfkmfF6 kj{tdu/ft gfUn]jfª kj{tdu/ft kfª kj{tdu/ft ;flnhf kj{tdu/ft lzjfno kj{tdu/ft cvf{ Ko'7fgdu/ft afbLsf]6 Ko'7fgdu/ft afË];fn Ko'7fgdu/ft anf}/f Ko'7fgdu/ft alh{afË Ko'7fgdu/ft a]njf;k'/ Ko'7fgdu/ft le+u|L Ko'7fgdu/ft lahogu/ Ko'7fgdu/ft lah'jf/ Ko'7fgdu/ft lah'nL Ko'7fgdu/ft r'hf Ko'7fgdu/ft bfvfSjfbL Ko'7fgdu/ft 8fd|L Ko'7fgdu/ft bfªjfª Ko'7fgdu/ft w/dkfgL Ko'7fgdu/ft wdf{jtL Ko'7fgdu/ft 9f]jL3f6 Ko'7fgdu/ft w'jfË Ko'7fgdu/ft 9'Ëfu9L Ko'7fgdu/ft uf]7Lafª Ko'7fgdu/ft x+;fk'/ Ko'7fgdu/ft h'ld|sfF8f Ko'7fgdu/ft v}/f Ko'7fgdu/ft vafª Ko'7fgdu/ft v'ª Ko'7fgdu/ft sf]hLafª Ko'7fgdu/ft ln3f Ko'7fgdu/ft lnafª Ko'7fgdu/ft n'ª Ko'7fgdu/ft dfemsf]6 Ko'7fgdu/ft d/gyfgf Ko'7fgdu/ft dsf{afª Ko'7fgdu/ft gf/Lsf]6 Ko'7fgdu/ft gofFufpF Ko'7fgdu/ft cf]v/sf]6 Ko'7fgdu/ft ksnf Ko'7fgdu/ft kmf]KnL Ko'7fgdu/ft k'hf Ko'7fgXXXV

du/ft Ko"7fg vn+uf Ko'7fgdu/ft /fhaf/f Ko'7fgdu/ft /fDbL Ko'7fgdu/ft /;k'/sf]6 Ko'7fgdu/ft ;f/L Ko'7fgdu/ft :ju{4f/L Ko'7fgdu/ft :ofnLafª Ko'7fgdu/ft lt/fd Ko'7fgdu/ft tf]/afª Ko'7fgdu/ft t'iff/f Ko'7fgdu/ft jfUg]df/f]6 Ko'7fgdu/ft cf/]z /f]Nkfdu/ft ejfË /f]Nkfdu/ft le/f}n /f]Nkfdu/ft a'9fufpF /f]Nkfdu/ft wjfË /f]Nkfdu/ft 8'la|ª /f]Nkfdu/ft b'aL8fF8f /f]Nkfdu/ft Ol/jfË /f]Nkfdu/ft kmfud /f]Nkfdu/ft ufd /f]Nkfdu/ft u}/LufpF /f]Nkfdu/ft uh'n /f]Nkfdu/ft 3lt{ufpF /f]Nkfdu/ft 3f]8fufpF /f]Nkfdu/ft u'Drfn /f]Nkfdu/ft xhf{ª /f]Nkfdu/ft h]njfª /f]Nkfdu/ft h}dfS;nf /f]Nkfdu/ft h+sf]6 /f]Nkfdu/ft hfpn] kf]v/L /f]Nkfdu/ft h]bafª /f]Nkfdu/ft em]gfd /f]Nkfdu/ft lhgfjfª /f]Nkfdu/ft h'uf/ /f]Nkfdu/ft s/]tL /f]Nkfdu/ft v'd]n /f]Nkfdu/ft v'+u|L /f]Nkfdu/ft sf]rf{jfª /f]Nkfdu/ft sf]6ufpF /f]Nkfdu/ft s'/]nL /f]Nkfdu/ft lnafª /f]Nkfdu/ft dl;gf /f]Nkfdu/ft ldlemª /f]Nkfdu/ft g'jfufpF /f]Nkfdu/ft kf5fjfª /f]Nkfdu/ft kfvfkfgL /f]Nkfdu/ft kfË /f]Nkfdu/ft /fªsf]6 /f]Nkfdu/ft /fª;L /f]Nkfdu/ft /fGs /f]Nkfdu/ft ;fsL /f]Nkfdu/ft z]df{ /f]Nkfdu/ft l;kf{ /f]Nkfdu/ft l;p/L /f]Nkfdu/ft tfnfafª] /f]Nkfdu/ft t]jfª /f]Nkfdu/ft yafª /f]Nkfdu/ft pjf /f]Nkfdu/ft j8frf}/ /f]NkfXXXVI

du/ft jfdf /f]Nkfdu/ft jf]6 /f]Nkfdu/ft r'gafª ?s'ddu/ft x'sfd ?s'ddu/ft sfF8f ?s'ddu/ft sfFqmL ?s'ddu/ft sf]n ?s'ddu/ft dxt ?s'ddu/ft d/afª ?s'ddu/ft /fË;L ?s'ddu/ft /Gdfd}sf]6 ?s'ddu/ft zf]ef ?s'ddu/ft 6s;]/f ?s'ddu/ft afkm'vf]nf ;Nofgdu/ft ;k{gL ukf{ ;Nofgdu/ft cfndb]jL :ofªhfdu/ft jfg]yf]s b]p/fnL :ofªhfdu/ft ljuf{cr{n] :ofªhfdu/ft lj?jf cr{n] :ofªhfdu/ft rG8Le~HofË :ofªhfdu/ft rfkfsf]6 :ofªhfdu/ft rLGg]jf; :ofªhfdu/ft lr;fkfgL :ofªhfdu/ft lrq]e~HofË :ofªhfdu/ft hute~HofË :ofªhfdu/ft huqb]jL :ofªhfdu/ft s]j/]e~HofË :ofªhfdu/ft lsrgf; :ofªhfdu/ft s'jfsf]6 :ofªhfdu/ft SofSdL :ofªhfdu/ft dfemsf]6 lzjfno :ofªhfdu/ft dfn'Ëf :ofªhfdu/ft dNofËsf]6 :ofªhfdu/ft dgsfdgf :ofªhfdu/ft cf]/:6] :ofªhfdu/ft kSjfbL :ofªhfdu/ft k]Nsfrf}/ :ofªhfdu/ft /fªefª :ofªhfdu/ft /Tgk'/ :ofªhfdu/ft ;fFv/ :ofªhfdu/ft ;]vfd :ofªhfdu/ft >Ls[i0f u08sL :ofªhfdu/ft t'N;Le~HofË :ofªhfdu/ft onfbL :ofªhfdu/ft c?0ff]bo tgx'Fdu/ft a}bL tgx'Fdu/ft le/sf]6 tgx'Fdu/ft ufh/sf]6 tgx'Fdu/ft sfx'F lzjk'/ tgx'Fdu/ft lsx'F tgx'Fdu/ft sf]6b/af/ tgx'Fdu/ft dfemsf]6 tgx'Fdu/ft /fDhfsf]6 tgx'Fdu/ft /fgLkf]v/L tgx'Fdu/ft ;fd' eujtLk'/ tgx'Fdu/ft ;'Gwf/f l3l/Ë tgx'Fg]jf jfu]Zj/L eQmk'/g]jf afnsf]6 eQmk'/g]jf eQmk'/ g=kf= eQmk'/g]jf rfFu'gf/fo0f eQmk'/XXXVII

g]jf 5flnË eQmk'/g]jf lrQkf]n eQmk'/g]jf blwsf]6 eQmk'/g]jf b'jfsf]6 eQmk'/g]jf u'08' eQmk'/g]jf emf}+v]n eQmk'/g]jf s6'~h] eQmk'/g]jf dWok'/ lydL eQmk'/g]jf gu/sf]6 eQmk'/g]jf gªv]n eQmk'/g]jf l;kf8f]n eQmk'/g]jf l;?6f/ eQmk'/g]jf ;'8fn eQmk'/g]jf tfynL eQmk'/g]jf cfnfkf]6 sf7df8f}+g]jf afF8 e~HofË sf7df8f}+g]jf ah|of]uLgL sf7df8f}+g]jf anDa' sf7df8f}+g]jf jfn'jf sf7df8f}+g]jf eb|jf; sf7df8f}+g]jf led9'Ë sf7df8f}+g]jf a'9flgns07 sf7df8f}+g]jf rfNgfv]n sf7df8f}+g]jf 5knLeb|sfnL sf7df8f}+g]jf 5}dn] sf7df8f}+g]jf rf}s6f/ bxrf]s sf7df8f}+g]jf r'gLv]n sf7df8f}+g]jf 8fF5L sf7df8f}+g]jf blIf0fsfnL sf7df8f}+g]jf wfkf;L sf7df8f}+g]jf wd{:ynL sf7df8f}+g]jf km'6'Ë sf7df8f}+g]jf ufunkm]bL sf7df8f}+g]jf uf]s0f]{Zj/ sf7df8f}+g]jf u'f]n9'Ë sf7df8f}+g]jf uf]+ua' sf7df8f}+g]jf uf]7f6f/ sf7df8f}+g]jf O+ru'gf/fo0f sf7df8f}+g]jf Ogb|fo0fL sf7df8f}+g]jf emf]/dxf+sfn sf7df8f}+g]jf hLtk'/kmbL sf7df8f}+g]jf hf]/kf6L sf7df8f}+g]jf sfe|]:ynL sf7df8f}+g]jf skg sf7df8f}+g]jf sf7df08f} g=kf= sf7df8f}+g]jf v8\ueb|sfnL sf7df8f}+g]jf lslt{k'/ g=kf= sf7df8f}+g]jf nK;Lkm]bL sf7df8f}+g]jf dR5]ufpF sf7df8f}+g]jf dxfb]jyfg sf7df8f}+g]jf dxf+sfn sf7df8f}+g]jf dgd}h' sf7df8f}+g]jf dftftLy{ sf7df8f}+g]jf d'nkfgL sf7df8f}+g]jf gfUnef/] sf7df8f}+g]jf g}sfk gofFe~HofË sf7df8f}+g]jf g}sfk k'/fgf]e~HofË sf7df8f}+g]jf gofFkf6L sf7df8f}+g]jf k'v'nf5L sf7df8f}+g]jf /fdsf]6 sf7df8f}+XXXVIII

g]jf ;fËnf sf7df8f}+g]jf ;tLv]n sf7df8f}+g]jf ;t'Ën sf7df8f}+g]jf :o"rf6f/ sf7df8f}+g]jf z]ifgf/fo0f sf7df8f}+g]jf l;tfkfOnf sf7df8f}+g]jf ;'Gb/Lhn sf7df8f}+g]jf ;'g6f]n sf7df8f}+g]jf 6Ns'8'F8]rf}/ sf7df8f}+g]jf yfgsf]6 sf7df8f}+g]jf ltgyfgf sf7df8f}+g]jf 6f]vf r08]Zj/L sf7df8f}+g]jf 6f]vf ;/:jtL sf7df8f}+g]jf ag]kf g=kf= sfe|]knf~rf]sg]jf w'ln]v]n g=kf= sfe|]knf~rf]sg]jf sfnf sfe|]knf~rf]sg]jf s'zfb]jL sfe|]knf~rf]sg]jf dx]Gb|Hof]lt sfe|]knf~rf]sg]jf gfnf sfe|]knf~rf]sg]jf gfl;sf:yfg ;fFuf sfe|]knf~rf]sg]jf kgf}tL g=kf= sfe|]knf~rf]sg]jf ¥ofn]ljxf/ sfe|]knf~rf]sg]jf zf/bf atf;] sfe|]knf~rf]sg]jf 6's'rf gfnf sfe|]knf~rf]sg]jf pu|r08L gfnf sfe|]knf~rf]sg]jf al8v]n nlntk'/g]jf ljz+v'gf/fo0f nlntk'/g]jf a'+udtL nlntk'/g]jf rfFkfufpF nlntk'/g]jf 5KkL nlntk'/g]jf b]jLrf}/ nlntk'/g]jf wfkfv]n nlntk'/g]jf w';]n nlntk'/g]jf 8's'5fk nlntk'/g]jf uf]bfdrf}/ nlntk'/g]jf uf]bfj/L nlntk'/g]jf xl/l;l4 nlntk'/g]jf Odf8f]n nlntk'/g]jf em?jfjf;L nlntk'/g]jf vf]sgf nlntk'/g]jf nlntk'/ g=kf= nlntk'/g]jf nfdf6f/ nlntk'/g]jf n]n] nlntk'/g]jf n'Fe' nlntk'/g]jf ;}+j' nlntk'/g]jf l;l4k'/ nlntk'/g]jf ;'gfsf]7L nlntk'/g]jf 7}j nlntk'/g]jf 7]+rf] nlntk'/g]jf l6sfynL nlntk'/g]jf ah|af/fxL dsjfgk'/g]jf lrtnfË dsjfgk'/gf/fo0fL lrtjg /f=lg= lrtjggf/fo0fL cof]Wofk'/L lrtjggf/fo0fL a5f}nL lrtjggf/fo0fL a3f}8f lrtjggf/fo0fL e08f/f lrtjggf/fo0fL e/tk'/ g=kf= lrtjggf/fo0fL lj/]Gb|gu/ lrtjggf/fo0fL r}gk'/ lrtjgXXXIX

gf/fo0fL r08L e~HofË lrtjggf/fo0fL bxvfgL lrtjggf/fo0fL bf/]rf]s lrtjggf/fo0fL lbJogu/ lrtjggf/fo0fL km'naf/L lrtjggf/fo0fL ubL{ lrtjggf/fo0fL lutfgu/ lrtjggf/fo0fL u'Ghgu/ lrtjggf/fo0fL hutk'/ lrtjggf/fo0fL h'6kfgL lrtjggf/fo0fL slanf; lrtjggf/fo0fL s7f/ lrtjggf/fo0fL sfpn] lrtjggf/fo0fL v}/xgL lrtjggf/fo0fL sf]/fs lrtjggf/fo0fL s'd/f]h lrtjggf/fo0fL nf]y/ lrtjggf/fo0fL dfbL sNof0fk'/ lrtjggf/fo0fL d+unfk'/ lrtjggf/fo0fL d]3f{nL lrtjggf/fo0fL kbdk'/ lrtjggf/fo0fL kfj{tLk'/ lrtjggf/fo0fL kl6xfgL lrtjggf/fo0fL lkKn] lrtjggf/fo0fL lk7'jf lrtjggf/fo0fL /Tggu/ lrtjggf/fo0fL zf/bfgu/ lrtjggf/fo0fL zlQmvf]/ lrtjggf/fo0fL lzjgu/ lrtjggf/fo0fL l;l4 lrtjggf/fo0fL ;'qmgu/ lrtjggf/fo0fL clUgrf]s wflbËgf/fo0fL j}/]gL wflbËgf/fo0fL a]gL3f6 wflbËgf/fo0fL e"ld:yfg wflbËgf/fo0fL r}gk'/ wflbËgf/fo0fL 5q]b]p/fnL wflbËgf/fo0fL 9f]n wflbËgf/fo0fL w';f wflbËgf/fo0fL w'jfsf]6 wflbËgf/fo0fL uh'/L wflbËgf/fo0fL uf]ugkfgL wflbËgf/fo0fL hLjfk'/ wflbËgf/fo0fL hf]uLdf/f wflbËgf/fo0fL Hofd?Ë wflbËgf/fo0fL sNn]/L wflbËgf/fo0fL s]jnk'/ wflbËgf/fo0fL vfN6] wflbËgf/fo0fL vf/L wflbËgf/fo0fL ls/fGrf]s wflbËgf/fo0fL s'Dk'/ wflbËgf/fo0fL dxfb]j:yfg wflbËgf/fo0fL d]bL wflbËgf/fo0fL d'/nLe~HofË wflbËgf/fo0fL gfnfª wflbËgf/fo0fL gf}lj;] wflbËgf/fo0fL lgns07 wflbËgf/fo0fL lk8f wflbËgf/fo0fL ;nfË wflbËgf/fo0fL ;Nofgsf]6 wflbËXL

gf/fo0fL ;Nofg6f/ wflbËgf/fo0fL ;fªsf]; wflbËgf/fo0fL ;'gf{nfahf/ wflbËgf/fo0fL t;k'{ wflbËgf/fo0fL yfs|] wflbËgf/fo0fL lqk'/]Zj/ wflbËgf/fo0fL cfFklkkn uf]vf{gf/fo0fL cf;|fª uf]vf{gf/fo0fL au'jf uf]vf{gf/fo0fL aqmfª uf]vf{gf/fo0fL eL/sf]6 uf]vf{gf/fo0fL e"lDnrf]s uf]vf{gf/fo0fL af]nf{ª uf]vf{gf/fo0fL a'+sf]6 uf]vf{gf/fo0fL 5f]k|fs uf]vf{gf/fo0fL RofËlnª uf]vf{gf/fo0fL b/a'ª uf]vf{gf/fo0fL b]p/fnL uf]vf{gf/fo0fL wfjf uf]vf{gf/fo0fL w'jfsf]6 uf]vf{gf/fo0fL lkmgdf uf]vf{gf/fo0fL km'hn uf]vf{gf/fo0fL ufOv'/ uf]vf{gf/fo0fL 3}?ª uf]vf{gf/fo0fL £ofnrf]s uf]vf{gf/fo0fL xdL{ uf]vf{gf/fo0fL vf]Knfª uf]vf{gf/fo0fL ds}l;+ uf]vf{gf/fo0fL dgsfdgf uf]vf{gf/fo0fL d;]n uf]vf{gf/fo0fL gfDh'Ë uf]vf{gf/fo0fL gf/]Zj/ uf]vf{gf/fo0fL kfn'ª6f/ uf]vf{gf/fo0fL k[YjL gf=g=kf= uf]vf{gf/fo0fL tfSn'ª uf]vf{gf/fo0fL tfGb|fª uf]vf{gf/fo0fL tfªnLrf]s uf]vf{gf/fo0fL tfKn] uf]vf{gf/fo0fL ebf}/} tfdfuL sf:sLgf/fo0fL e/tkf]v/L sf:sLgf/fo0fL rfkfsf]6 sf:sLgf/fo0fL b]p/fnL sf:sLgf/fo0fL l9s'/kf]v/L sf:sLgf/fo0fL sf:sLsf]6 sf:sLgf/fo0fL lqmli6gfRg]rf}/ sf:sLgf/fo0fL lgd{nkf]v/L sf:sLgf/fo0fL k'DbLe'DbL sf:sLgf/fo0fL ?kfsf]6 sf:sLgf/fo0fL ;Nofg sf:sLgf/fo0fL ;/fËsf]6 sf:sLgf/fo0fL l;4 sf:sLgf/fo0fL y'DsL sf:sLgf/fo0fL af+u|] ndh'Ëgf/fo0fL enfofvs{ ndh'Ëgf/fo0fL ef]n]{6f/ ndh'Ëgf/fo0fL rqmlty{ ndh'Ëgf/fo0fL rGb|]Zj/ ndh'Ëgf/fo0fL wldlns'jf ndh'Ëgf/fo0fL w';]gL ndh'Ëgf/fo0fL w'/f8fF8f ndh'ËXLI

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ldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z kG;f/fldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z ky/jfldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z kf6f]ldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z kTy/uf9fldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z lkk/fldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z lkk/f klZrdldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z kf]tf{xfldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z k;f{jgLldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z /fhlj/fh g=kf=ldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z /fdgu/ldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z /fdk'/dnxlgofldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z /fdk'/hd'jfldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z /f}tx6ldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z /fok'/ldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z ?kgu/ldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z ;+e'gfyldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z ;+s/k'/fldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z ;;{jf/ldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z l;d|fxfl;Uof}gldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z l;:jfj}xLldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z l;tfk'/ldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z tf/fxLldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z t]/fxf]tfldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z yn}ofldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z l6s'lnofldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z l6nfyLldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z lqsf]nfldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z crnu9ldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z cgf{xfldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z cqf}nL;Kt/L;Kt/L;Kt/L;Kt/L;Kt/L;Kt/L;Kt/L;Kt/L;Kt/L;Kt/L;Kt/L;Kt/L;Kt/L;Kt/L;Kt/L;Kt/L;Kt/L;Kt/L;Kt/L;Kt/L;Kt/L;Kt/L;Kt/L;Kt/L;Kt/L;Kt/L;Kt/L;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xLldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z cf}/xLldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z afa/u~hldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z aUbfxfldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z axfb'/k'/ldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z an/fldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z af/fpwf]/gldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z a/xyjfldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z a;Gtk'/ldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z aqf}nldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z a]nfldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z a]NxLldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z a]Njf hlAbldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z ef+8;f/ldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z eujtLk'/ldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z elQmk'/ldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z ejfgLk'/ldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z a|Dxk'/Lldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z rGb|gu/ldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z 56f}nldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z 56f]gfldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z wgv]nldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z wgv]n k'j{ldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z wgu9fldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z 9'ªu'/]vf]nfldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z 3'/sf}nLldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z 8'd/Lofldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z km/]xfbfjfldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z km'nk;f{oLldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z u8lxofaf/Lldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z uDxl/of;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xLLVI

ldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z uf]8]6f;nf{xLldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z uf}/Lz+s/ ;nf{xLldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z xhfl/of;nf{xLldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z x/s7jf;nf{xLldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z xl/k'/;nf{xLldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z xl/k'/f;nf{xLldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z xl/of]g;nf{xLldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z xlyof{}n ;nf{xLldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z x]dk'/;nf{xLldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z OZj/k'/;nf{xLldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z hAbL;nf{xLldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z hd'lgof;nf{xLldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z hfgsLgu/ ;nf{xLldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z lhªbjf;nf{xLldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z sljnf;L ;nf{xLldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z sflnGhf]/ ;nf{xLldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z sd}{of ;nf{xLldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z v}/jf;nf{xLldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z vf]l/of;nf{xLldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z v'tf}gf;nf{xLldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z ls;gk'/ ;nf{xLldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z sf}8]gf;nf{xLldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z nfnjGbL ;nf{xLldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z nf{}s6 ;nf{xLldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z nIdLk'/ -sf]8«fxf_ ;nf{xLldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z nIdLk'/;nf{xLldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z dw'jguf]7 ;nf{xLldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z dw'jgL;nf{xLldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z dlxgfyk'/ ;nf{xLldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z a]xnL;nf{xLldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z dn+ujf g=kf=ldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z dfgk'/ldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z ldhf{k'/ldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z df]xgk'/ldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z df]tLk'/ldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z d'lt{ofldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z d';}nLldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z gf/fo0fvf]nfldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z gf/fo0fk'/ldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z g]qu+hldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z gf}s}njfldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z k;f{ldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z k/jfgLk'/ldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z kTy/sf]6ldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z lk8f/Lldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z lk8l/ofldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z lkkl/ofldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z /fh3f6ldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z /fdagldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z /fdgu/ ax'cjf{ldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z /fgLu+hldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z /f]x'jfldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z ;s/f}nldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z ;n]dk'/ldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z ;+u|fdk'/ldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z z+s/k'/ldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z ;f;fk'/ldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z >Lk'/ldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z l;vfg'jfldlynf–ef]hk'/f–sf]r–dw]z l;d/f;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xL;nf{xLLVII

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n'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg gf}jf:tf afFs]n'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg g]kfnu~h g=kf= afFs]n'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg k/;k'/ afFs]n'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg kf7]k'/ afFs]n'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg lkk/jf afFs]n'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg k'/]gf afFs]n'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg k/}gf afFs]n'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg /fwfk'/ afFs]n'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg /em]gf afFs]n'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg /lgofk'/ afFs]n'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg ;fOufFp afFs]n'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg ;D;]/u~h afFs]n'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg l;tfk'/ afFs]n'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg ;f]gfk'/ afFs]n'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg l6l6lxl/of afFs]n'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg pbok'/ afFs]n'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg pbok'/ afFs]n'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg alb{of g]=kf= alb{ofn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg afbnk'/ alb{ofn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg aUgfxf alb{ofn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg jlgofef/ alb{ofn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg j]njf alb{ofn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg ledk'/ alb{ofn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg bf}ntk'/ alb{ofn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg 8]p8fsnf alb{ofn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg wwjf/ alb{ofn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg wf]wf/L alb{ofn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg uf]nf alb{ofn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg u'nl/of g=kf= alb{ofn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg hd'gL alb{ofn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg sflnsf alb{ofn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg v}/L rGbgk'/ alb{ofn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg u/fu9L alb{ofn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg dxfdbk'/ alb{ofn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg dgfp alb{ofn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg dfgk'/ dfgLkf]v/L alb{ofn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg dfgk'/ 6k/f alb{ofn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg df]tLk'/ alb{ofn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg gofFufpF alb{ofn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg g]pnfk'/ alb{ofn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg kbgfx alb{ofn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg kz'kltgu/ alb{ofn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg kftfef/ alb{ofn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg /fhk'/ alb{ofn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg ;fgf]>L alb{ofn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg lzjk'/ alb{ofn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg ;f]/fjf alb{ofn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg ;'o{k6jf alb{ofn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg tf/ftfn alb{ofn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg 7fs'/4f/f alb{ofn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg af3df/] bfËn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg a]nf bfËn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg lahf}/L bfËn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg rf}nfxL bfËn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg wgf}/L bfËn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg wgf{ bfËn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg l9sk'/ bfËn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg b'?jf bfËn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg u8jf bfËn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg g+ufk/:k'/ bfËLXXII

n'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg uf]a/l8xf bfËn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg uf]N6fs'/L bfËn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg xn'jf/ bfËn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg x+;Lk'/ bfËn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg xfk'/ bfËn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg x]s'nL bfËn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg sfe|] bfËn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg sf]Onfaf; bfËn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg nfndl6of bfËn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg nIfdLk'/ bfËn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg nf]x/kfgL bfËn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg dfgk'/ bfËn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg gf/fo0fk'/ bfËn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg k+rs'n] bfËn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg kjggu/ bfËn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg km'njf/L bfËn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg k'/gwf/f bfËn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg /fhk'/ bfËn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg /fdk'/ bfËn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg ;}3f bfËn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg ;Toal/of bfËn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg ;f}l8of/ bfËn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg zflGtgu/ bfËn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg >LufpF bfËn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg l;;xlgof bfËn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg ;f]gk'/ bfËn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg :o'hf bfËn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg 6/LufFp bfËn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg lqe'jg gu/ g=kf= bfËn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg t'N;Lk'/ g=kf= bfËn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg p/x/L bfËn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg alnof s}nfnLn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg a;f}6L s}nfnLn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg j]nfb]jLk'/ s}nfnLn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg ehgL s}nfnLn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg af}lgof s}nfnLn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg r'xf s}nfnLn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg rf}dfnf s}nfnLn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg wgl;+xk'/ s}nfnLn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg b/v s}nfnLn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg wgu9L g=kf= s}nfnLn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg bfwf/f s}nfnLn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg b'uf]}nL s}nfnLn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg ub/Lof s}nfnLn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg u]6f s}nfnLn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg ufbfj/L s}nfnLn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg xF;'lnof s}nfnLn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg hfgsLgu/ s}nfnLn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg hfzLk'/ s}nfnLn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg v}nf8 s}nfnLn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg v}/fnf s}nfnLn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg sf]6ft'N;Lk'/ s}nfnLn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg nfnaf]emL s}nfnLn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg dfnfv]tL s}nfnLn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg d;'l/of s}nfnLn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg df]xGofn s}nfnLn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg d'g'jf s}nfnLn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg gf/fo0fk'/ s}nfnLn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg lgufnL s}nfnLn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg kxndfgk'/ s}nfnLLXXIII

n'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg k08f}g s}nfnLn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg ky/}of s}nfnLn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg kj]/f s}nfnLn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg km'njf/L s}nfnLn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg k|tfkk'/ s}nfnLn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg /fdlzv/emfnf s}nfnLn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg /tgk'/ s}nfnLn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg ;fF8]kfgL s}nfnLn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg ;xhk'/ s}nfnLn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg >Lk'/ s}nfnLn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg ;'u/vfn s}nfnLn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg yfkfk'/ s}nfnLn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg l6sfk'/ g=kf= s}nfnLn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg pbf;Lk'/ s}nfnLn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg pdf{ s}nfnLn'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg z'SnfkFmf6 s~rgk'/n'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg jfO;Lljr'jf s~rgk'/n'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg j]n8fF8L s~rgk'/n'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg rfFbgL s~rgk'/n'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg b}hL s~rgk'/n'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg b]vte'nL s~rgk'/n'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg bf]wf/f s~rgk'/n'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg emnf/L s~rgk'/n'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg sflnsf s~rgk'/n'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg s[i0fk'/ s~rgk'/n'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg nIdLk'/ s~rgk'/n'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg dx]Gb|gu/ g=kf= s~rgk'/n'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg kf/;fg s~rgk'/n'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg lkkfnf8L s~rgk'/n'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg ljr'jf s~rgk'/n'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg ljnf;k'/ s~rgk'/n'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg /f}t[nL ljr'jf s~rgk'/n'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg z+s/k'/ s~rgk'/n'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg >Lk'/ s~rgk'/n'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg ;'8f s~rgk'/n'lDagL–cjw–yf?jfg lqe'jg j:tL s~rgk'/s0ff{nL afFb' afh'/fs0ff{nL jfO{ afh'/fs0ff{nL ljR5]of afh'/fs0ff{nL uf]qL afh'/fs0ff{nL huGgfy afh'/fs0ff{nL h'sf]6 afh'/fs0ff{nL sf]N6L afh'/fs0ff{nL sf]l6nf afh'/fs0ff{nL kf08';}g afh'/fs0ff{nL ?lug afh'/fs0ff{nL ;fkf6f afh'/fs0ff{nL cjnk/fh'n b}n]vs0ff{nL a8f vf]nf b}n]vs0ff{nL a8fe}/j b}n]vs0ff{nL a8nDhL b}n]vs0ff{nL afn'jf6f/ b}n]vs0ff{nL af+l; b}n]vs0ff{nL a/fxf b}n]vs0ff{nL a]nkf6f b}n]vs0ff{nL ejfgL b}n]vs0ff{nL ljGWojfl;gL b}n]vs0ff{nL la;Nnf b}n]vs0ff{nL rfd'08f b}n]vs0ff{nL rf}/f7f b}n]vLXXIV

s0ff{nL 8fF8fk/fh'n b}n]vs0ff{nL b'Nn' b}n]vs0ff{nL udf}8L b}n]vs0ff{nL uf}/L b}n]vs0ff{nL uf]ugkfgL b}n]vs0ff{nL hugfy b}n]vs0ff{nL had'sfFw b}n]vs0ff{nL sfne}/j b}n]vs0ff{nL sflnsf b}n]vs0ff{nL sf;Lsfw b}n]vs0ff{nL s§L b}n]vs0ff{nL v8ufaf8f b}n]vs0ff{nL s/Lu}/f b}n]vs0ff{nL s';fkfgL b}n]vs0ff{nL nsfGb|f b}n]vs0ff{nL nfs'/L b}n]vs0ff{nL nfnLsfF8f b}n]vs0ff{nL NofF6L laGb|;}gL b}n]vs0ff{nL d}/Lsflnsfy'd b}n]vs0ff{nL dflnsf b}n]vs0ff{nL d]xg6f]nL b}n]vs0ff{nL gf/fo0f g=kf= b}n]vs0ff{nL gfpn] s6'jfn b}n]vs0ff{nL g]kf b}n]vs0ff{nL gf}d'n] b}n]vs0ff{nL cf]bf/L b}n]vs0ff{nL kfb'sf:yfg b}n]vs0ff{nL kugfy b}n]vs0ff{nL lknf8L b}n]vs0ff{nL lkknsf]6 b}n]vs0ff{nL k':sf]6 lr+9L b}n]vs0ff{nL /fgLjg b}n]vs0ff{nL /fjtsf]6 b}n]vs0ff{nL ?d b}n]vs0ff{nL ;Nn]/L b}n]vs0ff{nL ;fGtnf b}n]vs0ff{nL ;]/L b}n]vs0ff{nL l;uf}8L b}n]vs0ff{nL l;+uf;}g b}n]vs0ff{nL ltn]kf6f b}n]vs0ff{nL 6f]nL b}n]vs0ff{nL tf]nLh};L b}n]vs0ff{nL b'g} 8f]Nkfs0ff{nL h'kmfn 8f]Nkfs0ff{nL sflnsf 8f]Nkfs0ff{nL NxfF 8f]Nkfs0ff{nL lns' 8f]Nkfs0ff{nL dfemkmn 8f]Nkfs0ff{nL gfs'{ 8f]Nkfs0ff{nL kxf8f 8f]Nkfs0ff{nL l/dL 8f]Nkfs0ff{nL zx/tf/f 8f]Nkfs0ff{nL ;dL{ 8f]Nkfs0ff{nL ;'x' 8f]Nkfs0ff{nL h}/ x'Dnfs0ff{nL sflnsf x'Dnfs0ff{nL dbgf x'Dnfs0ff{nL d}nf x'Dnfs0ff{nL >Lgu/ x'Dnfs0ff{nL c5f{gL hfh/sf]6LXXV

s0ff{nL eujtL6f]n hfh/sf]6s0ff{nL e'/ hfh/sf]6s0ff{nL bfxf hfh/sf]6s0ff{nL 8fF8fufFp hfh/sf]6s0ff{nL bz]/f hfh/sf]6s0ff{nL l9d] hfh/sf]6s0ff{nL uvf{sf]6 hfh/sf]6s0ff{nL hutLk'/ hfh/sf]6s0ff{nL emfk|f hfh/sf]6s0ff{nL h'Fuf yfkfrf}/ hfh/sf]6s0ff{nL sfsL{ufpF hfh/sf]6s0ff{nL vu]gsf]6 hfh/sf]6s0ff{nL vn+uf hfh/sf]6s0ff{nL sf]tf{ª hfh/sf]6s0ff{nL nx hfh/sf]6s0ff{nL dfemsf]6 hfh/sf]6s0ff{nL gofFs'jf hfh/sf]6s0ff{nL k}+s hfh/sf]6s0ff{nL kbf? hfh/sf]6s0ff{nL k'gdf hfh/sf]6s0ff{nL /Ubf hfh/sf]6s0ff{nL /fdL8fF8f hfh/sf]6s0ff{nL /f]sfofufpF hfh/sf]6s0ff{nL ;snf hfh/sf]6s0ff{nL ;fNdf hfh/sf]6s0ff{nL l;df hfh/sf]6s0ff{nL ;'jfgfpnL hfh/sf]6s0ff{nL 6fn]ufpF hfh/sf]6s0ff{nL ynf/]s/ hfh/sf]6s0ff{nL a8sL h'Dnfs0ff{nL lj/f6 h'Dnfs0ff{nL a'd|fdfl8rf}/ h'Dnfs0ff{nL rGbggfy h'Dnfs0ff{nL l5dLrf}/ h'Dnfs0ff{nL b]kfnufpF h'Dnfs0ff{nL wfk h'Dnfs0ff{nL l8NnLrf}/ h'Dnfs0ff{nL uHofªsf]6 h'Dnfs0ff{nL dxfb]j h'Dnfs0ff{nL u'7Lrf}/ h'Dnfs0ff{nL xfs' h'Dnfs0ff{nL sflnsf h'Dnfs0ff{nL sgs;'Gb/L h'Dnfs0ff{nL sflt{s:jfdL h'Dnfs0ff{nL s'F8f/L h'Dnfs0ff{nL nfe|f h'Dnfs0ff{nL lnxL h'Dnfs0ff{nL dx]jLkfyLvf]nf h'Dnfs0ff{nL dxtufpF h'Dnfs0ff{nL dflnsfaf6f h'Dnfs0ff{nL dflnsfyf]6f h'Dnfs0ff{nL gf/sf]6 h'Dnfs0ff{nL kf08fu'kmf h'Dnfs0ff{nL kt/f;L h'Dnfs0ff{nL k6df/f h'Dnfs0ff{nL ;fgfufpF h'Dnfs0ff{nL y}n'd h'Dnfs0ff{nL yDtL h'Dnfs0ff{nL tftf]kfgL h'Dnfs0ff{nL abfnsf]6 sflnsf]6LXXVI

s0ff{nL 5fk|] sflnsf]6s0ff{nL lrnvfof sflnsf]6s0ff{nL bfx sflnsf]6s0ff{nL wf}nfuf]x sflnsf]6s0ff{nL u]nf sflnsf]6s0ff{nL h'ljsf sflnsf]6s0ff{nL lvg sflnsf]6s0ff{nL sf]6jf8f sflnsf]6s0ff{nL s'dfnufpF sflnsf]6s0ff{nL nfn' sflnsf]6s0ff{nL dfNsf]6 sflnsf]6s0ff{nL dfGdf sflnsf]6s0ff{nL dftf{ sflnsf]6s0ff{nL d]xnd'l8 sflnsf]6s0ff{nL d'u|fxf sflnsf]6s0ff{nL d'd|f sflnsf]6s0ff{nL gfgLsf]6 sflnsf]6s0ff{nL cf]bfgs' sflnsf]6s0ff{nL kfvf sflnsf]6s0ff{nL kmf]Odxfb]j sflnsf]6s0ff{nL km'sf]6 sflnsf]6s0ff{nL /fDgfsf]6 sflnsf]6s0ff{nL /fFr'nL sflnsf]6s0ff{nL /fs' sflnsf]6s0ff{nL ?K;f sflnsf]6s0ff{nL l;Kvfgf sflnsf]6s0ff{nL ;'sfl6of sflnsf]6s0ff{nL :o"gf sflnsf]6s0ff{nL lyk'{ sflnsf]6s0ff{nL lexL d'u's0ff{nL w{gsf]6 d'u's0ff{nL u'Dyf d'u's0ff{nL Xofª\n' d'u's0ff{nL lh+d d'u's0ff{nL sfsL{jf8f d'u's0ff{nL vdfn] d'u's0ff{nL gfyk'{ d'u's0ff{nL kmf]t' d'u's0ff{nL lkgf d'u's0ff{nL /f/f d'u's0ff{nL /f/fsfnL d'u's0ff{nL /f]jf d'u's0ff{nL sf]68fF8f d'u's0ff{nL l;/L d'u's0ff{nL >Lsf]6 d'u's0ff{nL >Lgu/ d'u's0ff{nL ;'vfl9s d'u's0ff{nL cf7lj;8fF8f ?s'ds0ff{nL cf7la;sf]6 ?s'ds0ff{nL cdf{ ?s'ds0ff{nL afkmLsf]6 ?s'ds0ff{nL enfSrf ?s'ds0ff{nL ljhoZ/L ?s'ds0ff{nL l5jfª ?s'ds0ff{nL rf]vafª ?s'ds0ff{nL b'nL ?s'ds0ff{nL u/fonf ?s'ds0ff{nL uf}tdsf]6 ?s'ds0ff{nL 3]Tdf ?s'ds0ff{nL hfª ?s'dLXXVII

s0ff{nL em'nf ?s'ds0ff{nL vf/f ?s'ds0ff{nL vf]nfufpF ?s'ds0ff{nL sf]6hxf/L ?s'ds0ff{nL dUdf ?s'ds0ff{nL d'? ?s'ds0ff{nL d'l;sf]6 ?s'ds0ff{nL g'jfsf]6 ?s'ds0ff{nL lkkng]6f ?s'ds0ff{nL kf]v/f ?s'ds0ff{nL k'Lt{dsfF8f ?s'ds0ff{nL Kjfª ?s'ds0ff{nL k]p3f ?s'ds0ff{nL ?3f ?s'ds0ff{nL ;fFv ?s'ds0ff{nL l;DnL ?s'ds0ff{nL l;:g] ?s'ds0ff{nL :ofnvf8L ?s'ds0ff{nL :ofnkfvf ?s'ds0ff{nL a8fufpF ;Nofgs0ff{nL afFemsfF8f ;Nofgs0ff{nL afd] ;Nofgs0ff{nL eNrf}/ ;Nofgs0ff{nL r8]/s/]gL ;Nofgs0ff{nL 5fofIf]q ;Nofgs0ff{nL bfdfrf}/ ;Nofgs0ff{nL 8fF8fufpF ;Nofgs0ff{nL bfdf{sf]6 ;Nofgs0ff{nL b]j:yn] ;Nofgs0ff{nL 9fsf8d ;Nofgs0ff{nL wfFh/Llkkn ;Nofgs0ff{nL wgjfË ;Nofgs0ff{nL lxjNrf ;Nofgs0ff{nL lhdfnL ;Nofgs0ff{nL sfe|]rf}/ ;Nofgs0ff{nL sh]/L ;Nofgs0ff{nL sfnfufpF ;Nofgs0ff{nL sfnLdf6L sfNr] ;Nofgs0ff{nL sfnLdf6L /fdk'/ ;Nofgs0ff{nL sf/lu7L ;Nofgs0ff{nL sfe|f ;Nofgs0ff{nL vn+uf ;Nofgs0ff{nL sf]jf{ªlemDk] ;Nofgs0ff{nL sf]6af/f ;Nofgs0ff{nL sf]6df]nf ;Nofgs0ff{nL s'le08]bx ;Nofgs0ff{nL nIdLk'/ ;Nofgs0ff{nL n]skf]v/f ;Nofgs0ff{nL dfemsfF8f ;Nofgs0ff{nL dfs]{ ;Nofgs0ff{nL dd{k/LsfF8f ;Nofgs0ff{nL d"nvf]nf ;Nofgs0ff{nL lgufnr'nL ;Nofgs0ff{nL kmnfafË ;Nofgs0ff{nL lkkng]6f ;Nofgs0ff{nL l/d ;Nofgs0ff{nL ;]h'jfn 6fs'/f ;Nofgs0ff{nL lzj/y ;Nofgs0ff{nL lz4]Zj/L ;Nofgs0ff{nL l;gafª ;NofgLXXVIII

s0ff{nL ;"Osf]6 ;Nofgs0ff{nL :ofgLvfn ;Nofgs0ff{nL yf/df/] ;Nofgs0ff{nL lqj]0fL ;Nofgs0ff{nL cfu|LufpF ;'v]{ts0ff{nL cjnlrª ;'v]{ts0ff{nL jfljofrf}/ ;'v]{ts0ff{nL jh]8Lrf}/ ;'v]{ts0ff{nL j]tfd ;'v]{ts0ff{nL ljBfk'/ ;'v]{ts0ff{nL ljhf}/f ;'v]{ts0ff{nL lj/]Gb|gu/ g=kf= ;'v]{ts0ff{nL 5fk|] ;'v]{ts0ff{nL l5~r' ;'v]{ts0ff{nL bfxfrf}/ ;'v]{ts0ff{nL 8fF8Lvf]nL ;'v]{ts0ff{nL bz/yk'/ ;'v]{ts0ff{nL wf/fkfgL ;'v]{ts0ff{nL ;'v]{ts0ff{nL u/kg ;'v]{ts0ff{nL 3f6ufpF ;'v]{ts0ff{nL 3f]/]6f ;'v]{ts0ff{nL 3'dvx/] ;'v]{ts0ff{nL u'dL ;'v]{ts0ff{nL u'7' ;'v]{ts0ff{nL xl/x/k'/ ;'v]{ts0ff{nL h/a'6f ;'v]{ts0ff{nL sfkmnsf]6 ;'v]{ts0ff{nL sNof0f ;'v]{ts0ff{nL sfkL{rf}/ ;'v]{ts0ff{nL vfgLvf]nf ;'v]{ts0ff{nL s'gfyf/L ;'v]{ts0ff{nL nufd ;'v]{ts0ff{nL nf6Lsf]OnL ;'v]{ts0ff{nL n]skm;f{ ;'v]{ts0ff{nL n]vufpF ;'v]{ts0ff{nL n]sk/fh'n ;'v]{ts0ff{nL d}gtf/f ;'v]{ts0ff{nL dfnf/fgL ;'v]{ts0ff{nL d6]nf ;'v]{ts0ff{nL d]xns'gf ;'v]{ts0ff{nL g]6f ;'v]{ts0ff{nL kfDsf ;'v]{ts0ff{nL kf]v/LsfF8f ;'v]{ts0ff{nL /lhgf ;'v]{ts0ff{nL /fsd ;'v]{ts0ff{nL /fd3f6 ;'v]{ts0ff{nL /fgLjf; ;'v]{ts0ff{nL /ft' ;'v]{ts0ff{nL ;x/] ;'v]{ts0ff{nL ;fnsf]6 ;'v]{ts0ff{nL ;f6fvfgL ;'v]{ts0ff{nL t/+u ;'v]{ts0ff{nL tftf]kfgL ;'v]{ts0ff{nL pQ/u+uf ;'v]{ttd'jfg a;]/L wflbËtd'jfg a'wy'd wflbËtd'jfg d'nkfgL wflbËtd'jfg cf? caf{ª uf]vf{td'jfg cf?rgf}6] uf]vf{LXXIX

td'jfg cf?kf]v/L uf]vf{td'jfg laxL uf]vf{td'jfg 5]sDkf/ uf]vf{td'jfg r'+r]t uf]vf{td'jfg uf+v' uf]vf{td'jfg £ofrf]s uf]vf{td'jfg u'Dbf uf]vf{td'jfg x+;fk'/ uf]vf{td'jfg hf}af/L uf]vf{td'jfg sfzLufpF uf]vf{td'jfg s]/faf/L uf]vf{td'jfg s]/f}hf uf]vf{td'jfg v/Laf]6 uf]vf{td'jfg nfk|fs uf]vf{td'jfg nfk' uf]vf{td'jfg Nxf] uf]vf{td'jfg dfGa' uf]vf{td'jfg d'FRr]f]s uf]vf{td'jfg kf+rv'jf b]p/fnL uf]vf{td'jfg kGb|'ª uf]vf{td'jfg k|f]s uf]vf{td'jfg ;fdfufpF uf]vf{td'jfg ;f}/kfgL uf]vf{td'jfg >Lgfysf]6 uf]vf{td'jfg l;Dh'ª uf]vf{td'jfg l;lb{jf; uf]vf{td'jfg :jf/f uf]vf{td'jfg tfs'sf]6 uf]vf{td'jfg tfs'dfemnfs'/Laf]6 uf]vf{td'jfg yfnfh'ª uf]vf{td'jfg y'dL uf]vf{td'jfg pOof uf]vf{td'jfg jf/kfs uf]vf{td'jfg cfj{ljhok'/ sf:sLtd'jfg cd{nf sf:sLtd'jfg efrf]s sf:sLtd'jfg wDk'; sf:sLtd'jfg lwtfn sf:sLtd'jfg 3frf]s sf:sLtd'jfg wfGb|]s sf:sLtd'jfg x+;k'/ sf:sLtd'jfg x]Dhf sf:sLtd'jfg sfx'F sf:sLtd'jfg sflnsf sf:sLtd'jfg nfxfrf]s sf:sLtd'jfg nfdfrf}/ sf:sLtd'jfg n]vgfy g=kf= sf:sLtd'jfg n'Dn] sf:sLtd'jfg Njfª3n]n sf:sLtd'jfg df5fk'R5|] sf:sLtd'jfg dfemfyfgf sf:sLtd'jfg df}hf sf:sLtd'jfg ldh'/]8fF8f sf:sLtd'jfg gfdfh'{ª sf:sLtd'jfg kfr]{ sf:sLtd'jfg kf]v/f p= g=kf= sf:sLtd'jfg k'/grf}/ sf:sLtd'jfg l/efg sf:sLtd'jfg ;]Df/fË sf:sLtd'jfg ;fbL{ vf]nf sf:sLLXXX

td'jfg l;Nb'lh/] sf:sLtd'jfg y'dfsf]8fF8f sf:sLtd'jfg enfd sf:sLtd'jfg cr{naf]6 ndh'Ëtd'jfg afUn'ªkfgL ndh'Ëtd'jfg afx'g8fF8f ndh'Ëtd'jfg afemfv]t ndh'Ëtd'jfg aG;f/ ndh'Ëtd'jfg a]zLzx/ ndh'Ëtd'jfg eft{ ndh'Ëtd'jfg ef]h] ndh'Ëtd'jfg ef]6]cf]8f/ ndh'Ëtd'jfg e'h'ª ndh'Ëtd'jfg e'na'n] ndh'Ëtd'jfg larf}/ ndh'Ëtd'jfg r08L:yfg ndh'Ëtd'jfg lrtL ndh'Ëtd'jfg 9f]8]gL ndh'Ëtd'jfg b'wkf]v/L ndh'Ëtd'jfg kmn]gL ndh'Ëtd'jfg uf}8f ndh'Ëtd'jfg ufpFzx/ ndh'Ëtd'jfg 3fgfkf]v/f ndh'Ëtd'jfg 3]d'{ ndh'Ëtd'jfg lun'ª ndh'Ëtd'jfg lxn]6S;f/ ndh'Ëtd'jfg Onfdkf]v/L ndh'Ëtd'jfg O;fg]Zj/ ndh'Ëtd'jfg s/k' ndh'Ëtd'jfg v'bL ndh'Ëtd'jfg sf]NsL ndh'Ëtd'jfg dflnª ndh'Ëtd'jfg df]xl/ofsf]6 ndh'Ëtd'jfg gfNdf ndh'Ëtd'jfg gf}y/ ndh'Ëtd'jfg kfrf]s ndh'Ëtd'jfg k;ufpF ndh'Ëtd'jfg k'/fgsf]6 ndh'Ëtd'jfg Kof'h{Ë ndh'Ëtd'jfg >Le~HofË ndh'Ëtd'jfg l;dkfgL ndh'Ëtd'jfg tflw|ª ndh'Ëtd'jfg pbLk'/ ndh'Ëtd'jfg pQ/sGof ndh'Ëtd'jfg e|fs|f dgfËtd'jfg rfd] dgfËtd'jfg wf/fkfgL dgfËtd'jfg km' dgfËtd'jfg Wof? dgfËtd'jfg vfª;f/ dgfËtd'jfg dgfË dgfËtd'jfg gf/ dgfËtd'jfg ªfjfn dgfËtd'jfg lk;fË dgfËtd'jfg au/5fk dgfËtd'jfg 6+sLdgfË dgfËtd'jfg yf]r] dgfËtd'jfg r/fª d':tfËtd'jfg 5f]G8'k d':tfËtd'jfg 5f];]/ d':tfËLXXXI

td'jfg 5';fË d':tfËtd'jfg wdL d':tfËtd'jfg emf]ª d':tfËtd'jfg hf]d;f]d d':tfËtd'jfg sfuj]gL d':tfËtd'jfg sf]jfª d':tfËtd'jfg s'~hf] d':tfËtd'jfg n]t] d':tfËtd'jfg nf]dfGyfª d':tfËtd'jfg dfkmf{ d':tfËtd'jfg d'lQmgfy d':tfËtd'jfg ;'/vfª d':tfËtd'jfg 6's'r] d':tfËtfD;flnª bfvf{ wflbËtfD;flnª u'DbL wflbËtfD;flnª emfnf{Ë wflbËtfD;flnª s6'~h] wflbËtfD;flnª nfkf wflbËtfD;flnª df/kfs wflbËtfD;flnª km'nvs{ wflbËtfD;flnª l/ufFp wflbËtfD;flnª ;Tob]jL wflbËtfD;flnª ;]dh'ª wflbËtfD;flnª ;]t'{ª wflbËtfD;flnª ltlKnª wflbËtfD;flnª e";fkm]bL bf]nvftfD;flnª b'xfkf]v/L bf]nvftfD;flnª cg]sf]6 sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª aNynL sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª agv' sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª afn'jfkfyLb]pk'/ sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª afgfv]rf}/ sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª a]vl;Dn] sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª ledkf]v/L sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª eDn'6f/ sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª ljtf{b]p/fnL sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª af]nb] km]lbr] sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª a'9fvfgL sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª rnfn u0f]Zyfg sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª rG8]gL d08g sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª rf}jf; sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª Rofd|fªa];L sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª Rofªl;vs{ sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª 8fF8fufpF sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª 5q]e~HofË sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª 8/fpg] kf]v/L sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª b]pe"ld jfn'jf sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª b]jL6f/ sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª 9'ªvs{ sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª w';]gL lzjfno sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª bf]nfn3f6 sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª kmnf6] sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª kmfn]ld6/ sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª kmf]lS;ª6f/ sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª u}/Llj;f}gfpb]k'/ sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª 3tL{5fk sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª uf]s'n] sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª uf]7fkfgL sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª xf]S;]ahf/ sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª h};Lyf]s dG8g sfe|]knf~rf]sLXXXII

tfD;flnª HofDbL dG8g sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª sfgk'/sfnfkfgL sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª sflt{s]b]p/fnL sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª s6'~h]j];L sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª sfe|]gfyrGb|]Zj/ sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª sfe|]kfFu' sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª vgfnyf]s sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª v/]nyf]s sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª vfkf{rf]s sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª sf]nftLe'dn' sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª sf]lzb]vf sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª s'?jf;rkfsf]/L sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª dR5LufpF sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª dfbg s'F8f/L sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª dfb]j:yfg sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª dxfb]j6f/ sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª dxf+sfnrf}/ sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª dfemLkm]jf sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª d+un6f/ sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª d'y'/fkf6L km'njf/L sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª d]tLgsf]6 sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª ldNr] sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª gf+u|+ uur]{ sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª gofFufpF b]pk'/ sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª kfFrvfn sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª kfTn]v]t sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª kf]v/L rf]/L sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª kf]v/L gf/fof0f:yfg sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª k'/fgf]ufpF sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª /ljcf]kL sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª ;fnwf/f sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª ;fn]a'x'n' sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª ;fNd] sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª ;+v'kf6Lr}f}{}/ sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª ;fg'jfªynL sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª ;flkª sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª ;d/ynL sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª ;Do'{vs{ sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª ;f7L3/ eujtL sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª lzv/ cfDjf]6] sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª l;dnrf}/ sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª l;dynL sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª l;kfnL lrnfpg] sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª l;;fvfgL sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª 7'nf] k;]{n sfe|]knf~rf]stfD;flnª c;|fª nlntk'/tfD;flnª ef/b]j nlntk'/tfD;flnª e§]8fF8f nlntk'/tfD;flnª a'v]n nlntk'/tfD;flnª rGbgk'/ nlntk'/tfD;flnª rf}3/] nlntk'/tfD;flnª bxrf]s nlntk'/tfD;flnª luDbL nlntk'/tfD;flnª uf]6Lv]n nlntk'/tfD;flnª Os'8f]n nlntk'/tfD;flnª sfn]Zj/ nlntk'/tfD;flnª dfN6f nlntk'/tfD;flnª dlgv]n nlntk'/tfD;flnª gfn' nlntk'/tfD;flnª Ko"6f/ nlntk'/LXXXIII

tfD;flnª z+v' nlntk'/tfD;flnª 7"nfb'n"{ª nlntk'/tfD;flnª cfde~Hofª dsjfgk'/tfD;flnª a;fdf8L dsjfgk'/tfD;flnª a]ltgL dsjfgk'/tfD;flnª e};}+ dsjfgk'/tfD;flnª eft{f dsjfgk'/tfD;flnª ledkm]bL dsjfgk'/tfD;flnª a9Lrf}/ dsjfgk'/tfD;flnª r'/LofdfO{ dsjfgk'/tfD;flnª bfdg dsjfgk'/tfD;flnª 8fF8fvs{ dsjfgk'/tfD;flnª lwdfn dsjfgk'/tfD;flnª kms]n dsjfgk'/tfD;flnª kmfk/af/L dsjfgk'/tfD;flnª uf]ug] dsjfgk'/tfD;flnª xG8Lvf]nf dsjfgk'/tfD;flnª xl6of dsjfgk'/tfD;flnª x]6f{}8f g=kf= dsjfgk'/tfD;flnª xgf{df8L dsjfgk'/tfD;flnª Okf k~rsGof dsjfgk'/tfD;flnª sflnsf6f/ dsjfgk'/tfD;flnª v}/fª dsjfgk'/tfD;flnª sfu6] dsjfgk'/tfD;flnª s'n]vfgL dsjfgk'/tfD;flnª dsjfgk'/u9L dsjfgk'/tfD;flnª dgx/L dsjfgk'/tfD;flnª dGynL dsjfgk'/tfD;flnª dfv'{ dsjfgk'/tfD;flnª gfd6f/ dsjfgk'/tfD;flnª lga'jf6f/ dsjfgk'/tfD;flnª kbdkf]v/L dsjfgk'/tfD;flnª kfn'Ë dsjfgk'/tfD;flnª /fO{ufpF dsjfgk'/tfD;flnª /fS;LË dsjfgk'/tfD;flnª ;l/v]t knf;] dsjfgk'/tfD;flnª lzv/k'/ dsjfgk'/tfD;flnª >Lk'/ 5ltjg dsjfgk'/tfD;flnª l;:g]/L dxfb]j:yfg dsjfgk'/tfD;flnª ;'sf}/f dsjfgk'/tfD;flnª l7+ug dsjfgk'/tfD;flnª jfu]Zj/L g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª afns'df/L g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª a;'{gr]t g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª an]sf]6 g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª a]tLgL g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª eb|6f/ g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª jfNr] g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª ljb/ g=kf= g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª j'wl;Ë g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª a'ªtfª g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª rf/3/] g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª rt'/fn] g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª rf}uf9f g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª 5fk g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª bfªl;ª g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª b]p/fnL g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª lkms'/L g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª u0f]Zyfg g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª u'g'vs{ g'jfsf]6LXXXIV

tfD;flnª u]v'{ g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª Wofªkm]bL g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª uf]:of{ª g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª lhlnª g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª sljnf; g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª ssgL g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª sflnsfxNb] g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª sNof0fk'/ g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª sfpn] g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª v8\ue~Hofª g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª v}/]gL6f/ g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª vf]n]ufpFvfgLufpF g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª lsGtfª g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª n5\ofª g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª lnv' g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª dbgk'/ g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª dxfsfnL g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª dgsfdgf g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª gh{d08k g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª k~rsGof g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª /fn'sfb]jL g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª /fptj];L g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª ;fNd] g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª ;df/L g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª ;d'Gb|b]jL g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª ;d'Gb|6f/ g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª lzv/j];L g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª l;qm] g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª ;'Gb/b]jL g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª ;'gvfgL g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª ;'o{dtL g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª tfnfv' g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª yfgklt g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª yfªl;ª g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª yk|]s g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª t'Kr] g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª pn]{gL g'jfsf]6tfD;flnª a]yfg /fd]5fktfD;flnª lbdLkf]v/L /fd]5fktfD;flnª uf]Zjf/f /fd]5fktfD;flnª u'G;L ebf}/ /fd]5fktfD;flnª lxnb]jL /fd]5fktfD;flnª vlgofkfgL /fd]5fktfD;flnª nvgk'/ /fd]5fktfD;flnª 7f]s/k'/ /fd]5fktfD;flnª ef]n]{ /;'jftfD;flnª j[l4d /;'jftfD;flnª lrlnd] /;'jftfD;flnª 8fF8fufpF /;'jftfD;flnª w'Gr] /;'jftfD;flnª utnfª /;'jftfD;flnª uf]nh'ª /;'jftfD;flnª xfs' /;'jftfD;flnª lhjlha] /;'jftfD;flnª nx/]kf}jf /;'jftfD;flnª nfª6fª /;'jftfD;flnª /fDr] /;'jftfD;flnª ;d/ynL /;'jftfD;flnª :ofk|m' /;'jftfD;flnª 7"nf] ufpF /;'jfLXXXV

tfD;flnª y'dg /;'jftfD;flnª l6d'/] /;'jftfD;flnª of;f{ /;'jftfD;flnª cdfn] l;Gw'nLtfD;flnª a:tLk'/ l;Gw'nLtfD;flnª eb|sfnL l;Gw'nLtfD;flnª 8fF8Lu'/f+;] l;Gw'nLtfD;flnª xl/x/k'/ u9L l;Gw'nLtfD;flnª sNkj[If l;Gw'nLtfD;flnª slknfjf]6 l;Gw'nLtfD;flnª s'z]Zj/ -b'Dhf) l;Gw'nLtfD;flnª Sofg]Zj/ l;Gw'nLtfD;flnª dxfb]j:yfg l;Gw'nLtfD;flnª dx]Gb| ‰ofbL l;Gw'nLtfD;flnª g]qsfnL l;Gw'nLtfD;flnª lkkndf8L l;Gw'nLtfD;flnª zfGt]Zj/L /fdk'/ l;Gw'nLtfD;flnª tfdfhf]/ l;Gw'nLtfD;flnª cQ/k'/ l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª afF8]ufpF l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª af;af/L l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª af;vs{ l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª a/fDrL l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª afx|lj;] l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª a?jf l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª atf;] l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª led6f/ l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª ef]6fË l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª ef]6gfdnfª l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª ef]6]rf}/ l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª rf}s'6L l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª rf}tf/f l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª w'ofª l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª b'jfrf}/ l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª kmf6fsl;nf l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª km'n l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª km'nlkªsf]6 l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª uf6L l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª 3';s'g l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª uf]N5] l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª u'G;fsf]6 l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª xufd l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª x}a'ª l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª x]nDa' l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª Orf]s l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª Ov'{ l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª hnla/] l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª h]yn l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª Hofld/] l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª sbdaf; l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª sflnsf l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª sy{nL l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª lspn l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª s'le08] l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª s'Grf]s l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª nfur]{ l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª ln;+v l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª dxf+sfn l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª dfg]:jf/f l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª dfªvf l;Gw'kfNrf]sLXXXVI

tfD;flnª df/ldª l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª d]nDrL l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª df]6fª l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª gjnk'/ l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª kf+u|]6f/ l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª kfNrf]s l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª kfË6fË l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª k]8s' l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª lkkn8fF8f l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª lk:s/ l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª /fDr] l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª ;fFufrf]s l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª ;fgf]l;?jf/L l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª ;]nfª l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª lzv/k'/ l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª l;Dkfnsfe|] l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª l;kfkf]v/L l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª l;kfnsfe|] l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª ;'gvfgL l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª :ofpnahf/ l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª tfndf/fª l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª tf}ynL l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª 6]sgk'/ l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª ysgL l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª yfknf5fk l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª yfgkfnsf]6 l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª 7f]skf{ l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª 7"nf]wflbË l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª 7'nf]kfv/ l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª 7'nf]l;?jf/L l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª y'dkfv/ l;Gw'kfNrf]stfD;flnª od'gf8fF8f l;Gw'kfNrf]svKt8 vKt8 g]=kf= c5fdvKt8 afjnf c5fdvKt8 j}hgfy c5fdvKt8 jGgftf]nL c5fdvKt8 jf/bfb]jL c5fdvKt8 j:tL c5fdvKt8 jf6'n;]g c5fdvKt8 jofnf c5fdvKt8 jfu]Zj/L c5fdvKt8 e}/j:yfg c5fdvKt8 ef6fsltof c5fdvKt8 e'nL c5fdvKt8 ljgfos c5fdvKt8 ljGbojf;LgL c5fdvKt8 jL/ky c5fdvKt8 a'9fsf]6 c5fdvKt8 rN;f c5fdvKt8 rl08sf c5fdvKt8 5fkfd08' c5fdvKt8 b/fg c5fdvKt8 b]j:yfg c5fdvKt8 9sf/L c5fdvKt8 9fs' c5fdvKt8 wdfnL c5fdvKt8 8f]8f;]g c5fdvKt8 b'wf/fsf]6 c5fdvKt8 9'ËrfNgf c5fdvKt8 b'gL c5fdLXXXVII

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z]kf{ agf{n' cf]vn9'Ëfz]kf{ e'l;Ëf cf]vn9'Ëfz]kf{ lju'tf/ cf]vn9'Ëfz]kf{ emGtf/vfgL cf]vn9'Ëfz]kf{ kfN6 cf]vn9'Ëfz]kf{ /fjfbf]n' cf]vn9'Ëfz]kf{ dsfn' ;+v'jf;efz]kf{ km'nlks§L l;Gw'kfNrf]sz]kf{ 3f]/ynL l;Gw'kfNrf]sz]kf{ u'Daf l;Gw'kfNrf]sz]kf{ lnl:tsf]6 l;Gw'kfNrf]sz]kf{ tftf]kfgL l;Gw'kfNrf]sz]kf{ j]gL ;f]n'v'Da'z]kf{ esf~h] ;f]n'v'Da'z]kf{ rf}nfvs{ ;f]n'v'Da'z]kf{ rf}/Lvs{ ;f]n'v'Da'z]kf{ udf{ ;f]n'v'Da'z]kf{ 6]lK6Ë ;f]n'v'Da'z]kf{ uf]vf{gL ;f]n'v'Da'z]kf{ h'ljË ;f]n'v'Da'z]kf{ v'Dh'Ë ;f]n'v'Da'z]kf{ s'/]Ë ;f]n'v'Da'z]kf{ tfdfvfgL ;f]n'v'Da'z]kf{ gfDr] ;f]n'v'Da'z]kf{ ;Nn]/L ;f]n'v'Da'z]kf{ tf\lS;Gb' ;f]n'v'Da'z]kf{ uf]nL ;f]n'v'Da'XCIII

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qm=;+1. k|fb]lzs d"n sfg"gcg';"rL — $k|b]zsf] clwsf/sf] ;"rL-;+ljwfgsf] wf/f ( -@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_2. k|x/L, k|zf;g / zflGt ;'/Iffljifox?3.a}+s tyf ljlQo ;+:yf, ;xsf/L ;+:yf , s]Gb«sf] ;xdltdf j}b]lzscg'bfg / ;xof]u4. /]l8of], Pkm= Pd, 6]lnlehg5.JolQmut cfos/, ;DklQ s/, Jofj;flos s/, dfnkf]t,kf/>lds s/, 3/ hUuf /lhi6«]zg z'Ns, ;jf/L ;fwg s/,dgf]/~hg s/, lj1fkg s/, ko{6g, s[lif cfodf s/, ;]jf z'Nsb:t'/6. k|fs[lts >f]taf6 k|fKt /f]oflN67. k|fb]lzs lghfdtL ;]jfsf] Joj:yfkg8. k|fb]lzs tYofÍ9.k|fb]lzs :t/sf ljB't, l;+rfO{ cfof]hgf Pj+ cGo cfof]hgf tyfkl/of]hgfx?10. ljZjljBfno, pRr lzIff, k':tsfno, ;+u|xfno11. :jf:Yo ;]jf12.k|fb]lzs Joj:yflksf, :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;DaGwL / ljz]if ;+/rgf;DaGwL13. cGt/ k|fb]lzs Jofkf/14. k|fb]lzs xjfO{ ;]jf15. k|fb]lzs /]Nj] / k|fb]lzs nf]sdfu{16. k|fb]lzs cg';Gwfg Jo'/f]17. ljB't cfof]hgf, l;+rfO{ cfof]hgf18. k|fb]lzs cbfnt, kfl/jfl/s cbfnt, afn cbfnt19. gful/stf / /fxbfgL Joj:yfkg20. k|fb]lzs :t/sf cfof]ux?21. e"ld Joj:yfkg, hUufsf] clen]v / dfnkf]t lgwf{/0f22. vfgL cGj]if0f / Joj:yfkg23. jLdf Joj:yfkg / ;+rfng24. efiff, ;+:s[lt, lnkL / wd{sf] ;+/If0f / k|of]u25. k|b]z leqsf] jg hËn,hn pkof]u26.s[lif tyf kz' ljsf;, snsf/vfgf, cf}Bf]lus/0f, Jofkf/ Joj;fo,oftfoft, cNsf]xlns kbfy{ pTkfbg, lgdf{0f vl/b ljlqm27. k':ts tyf 5fkfvfgf28. u'7L Joj:yfkgXCVI

qm=;_=cg';"rL — %;femf clwsf/sf] ;"rL-;+ljwfgsf] wf/f ( -#_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_ljifox?1.kmf}hbf/L / b]jfgL sfo{ljlw / k|df0f / zky -sfg"gL dfGotf,;fj{hlgs sfo{ / clen]v / Goflos k|lqmof_2.cfjZos j:t'sf] cfk"lt{, ljt/0f, d"No lgoGq0f, u'0f:t/ /cg'udg3./fHosf] ;'/Iff;Fu ;DalGwt ljifodf lgjf/s gh/ aGb, sf/fuf/tyf lx/f;t Joj:yfkg / zflGt ;'/Iffsf] Joj:yf4. Ps k|b]zaf6 csf]{ k|b]zdf cleo'Qm, y'g'jf / s}bLsf] :yfgfGt/0f5.kfl/jfl/s dfdnf -ljjfx, ;DklQ x:tfGt/0f, ;DaGw ljR5]b,nf]kf]Gd'v, 6'x'/f, wd{k'q, pQ/flwsf/ / ;+o'Qm kl/jf/ _ ;DaGwLsfg"g6. ;DklQ k|flKt, clwu|x0f / clwsf/sf] ;[hgf7. s/f/, ;fem]bf/L / Ph]G;L ;DaGwL8. 6f6kN6]sf] / bfdf;fxL ;DaGwL (Bankruptcy and insolvency)9. cf}iflw / ljifflw10. cfly{s / ;fdflhs of]hgf, kl/jf/ lgof]hg / hg;+Vof lgoGq0f11.;fdflhs ;'/Iff / /f]huf/L, 6«]8 o'lgog, cf}Bf]lus / dhb'/sfxs clwsf/ / ljjfb ;DaGwL sfo{12. lrlsT;f, sfg"gL / cGo k]zfx?13. 36gf tYofË hGd d[To' btf{14. hndfu{15. ;+rf/ dfWod ;DaGwL16. k"/ftTj, k|flrg :df/s / ;+u|xfno ;+/If0f ;DaGwLXCVII17. pBf]u tyf vlgh / ef}lts k"jf{wf/18. Sofl;gf], lr7\7f, ;jf/L ;fwg cg'dlt19. clUg tyf k|flslts k|sf]k lgoGq0f / /fxt tyf k"glg{df{0f20. ko{6g, vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{21. rnlrq, l;g]df xn ;DaGwL22. jLdf23. ul/aL lgjf/0f / cf}Bf]lus/0f24. j}1flgs cg';Gwfg, lj1fg k|ljlw / dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf;25.cGt/k|fb]lzs ¿kdf km}lnPsf] hËn, hËnL hgfj/, r/r'?ËL,lxdfn, /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf hn pkof]u26. /fli6«o tyf cGt/k|fb]lzs kof{j/0f Joj:yfkg27. e"ld gLlt

qm=;+cg';"rL — ^:yfgLo txsf] clwsf/sf] ;"rL-;+ljwfgsf] wf/f ( -%_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_1. gu/ k|x/L, ;fd'bflos k|x/L2. ;xsf/L ;+:yf3. Pkm= Pd ;+rfngljifox?4. :yfgLo s/ -;DkQL, 3/ axfn, ;jf/L ;fwg s/ cflb_, ;]jfz'Ns b:t'/, ko{6g z'Ns, lj1fkg s/, dfnkf]t lt/f]5. k|fs[lts >f]taf6 k|fKt /f]oflN66. :yfgLo ;]jfsf] Joj:yfkg7. :yfgLo tYofÍ / clen]v ;+sng8. :yfgLo :t/sf ljsf; cfof]hgf tyf kl/of]hgfx?9. k|fylds / dfWoflds lzIff10. cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo / ;/;kmfO{11. :yfgLo ahf/ Joj:yfkg12. :yfgLo ;8s÷u|fdL0f ;8s÷s[lif ;8s13. :yfgLo cbfnt, d]nldnfk / dWo:ytf14. gful/stf, /fxbfgL ljt/0f / clen]v Joj:yfkg15. 3/ hUuf wgL k"hf{ ljt/0f16. s[lif tyf kz'kfng17. a[4, a[4f, ckfË, dlxnf, Psn dlxnf / czQmx?sf] Joj:yfkg18. a]/f]huf/sf] tYofÍ ;+sng19. s[lif k|;f/sf] Joj:yfkg, ;+rfng / lgoGq0f20. hGd d[To' nufotsf JolQmut 36gf btf{qm=;+=cg';"rL — &ljz]if ;+/rgf cGtu{t :yfkgf x'g] :jfotm If]qsf] clwsf/sf] ;'rL-;+ljwfgsf] wf/f ( -&_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_1. k|x/L2. ;xsf/L ;+:yfljifox?3. Pkm=Pd /]l8of] Joj:yfkg, ;+rfng / 6]lnlehg4. k|fylds, dfWolds lzIff, k':tsfno / ;+u|xfno5. :jf:Yo ;]jf6. :jfoQ lgjf{lrt kl/ifb7.;DklQ s/, Jofj;flos s/, 3/ hUuf /lhi6«]zg s/, ;jf/L;fwg s/, dgf]/~hg s/, ko{6g ;]jf z'Ns, dfnkf]t, kfl/>lds/ s[lif cfos/8. k|fs[lts >f]taft k|fKt /f]oN6L9. ;8s10. ljB't cfof]hgf, l;+rfO{ cfof]hgf / cGo ljsf; of]hgfx?11. gful/stf÷ /fxbfgL Joj:yfkg12. hUuf clen]v÷3/ hUuf wgL k"hf{13. vfgL cGj]if0f / Joj:yfkg14. efiff, ;+:s[lt, lnkL / wd{sf] ;+/If0f15. k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwg / ltgsf] pkof]u16. s[lif, kz' ljsf;, Jofkf/ Joj;fo17. ;]jf Joj:yfkg18. tYofÍ / clen]v ;+sng19. cbfnt20. k|fb]lzs ;/sf/n] tf]s] adf]lhdsf cGo clwsf/x?XCVIII

!= ;fdfGo kl/rokl/R5]b – Ps!=!= ;+ljwfgsf] lgdf{0f k|ls|of / g]kfnsf] ;+j}wflgs ljsf;qmdljZjsf clwsf+z b]zsf] zf;g ;~rfng ;+ljwfgåf/f lgb]{lzt ePsf] kfOG5 . /fHosf] zf;gk4lt / zf;sLo :j?ksf] lgwf{/0f ;+ljwfgn] g} to ug]{ ePsf]n] ;+ljwfgnfO{ /fHosf] d"n sfg"g klgdflgG5 . ;/sf/ ;~rfngsf tLg dxTjk"0f{ c+u Joj:yflksf, sfo{kflnsf / Gofokflnsfsf] clwsf/If]q lgwf{/0f / oL lgsfox? jLrsf] zlQm ;Gt'ng / lgoGq0f ug]{ sfo{ klg ;+ljwfgn] g} Jojl:ytu/]sf] x'G5 . o;y{ ;+ljwfgnfO{ /fHo ;~rfngsf] dfu{bz{g ug]{ d"n b:tfj]hsf] ¿kdf dfGg] ul/Psf]5, h;n] hgtfsf] xs lxt clwsf/ ;+/If0f / ;/sf/ ;~rfngsf ;DjGwdf clwsf/ / lhDd]jf/LpNn]v u/]sf] x'G5 . o:tf] ;+ljwfg lnlvt tyf clnlvt b'j} k|sf/sf] x'g] ub{5 . lnlvt ;+ljwfgsf]Oltxf;df cd]l/sfn] ;g !&*( df hf/L u/]sf] ;+ljwfgnfO{ klxnf] lnlvt ;+ljwfg dflgG5 . t/j]nfotdf zf;g ;~rfngsf] nflu lnlvt ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ePsf] kfO{b}g .;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] nflu ;+ljwfg ;efsf] u7g, hgdt ;+u|x, ;+j}wflgs cfof]u, ;+j}wflgs;Dd]ng, Joj:yflksfaf6 cg'df]bg / /fHo k|d'vsf] 3f]if0ff h:tf k|ls|of cjnDjg ug]{ k|rng /x]sf]kfOG5 . oL dWo] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] k|ls|ofdf hgtfsf] a9L ;xeflutf / ;dfj]zLtf x'g] ePsf]n];+ljwfg k|lt hgtfsf] ljZjf; / :jfldTj /xG5 eGg] dfGotf cg'?k ;+ljwfg ;ef dfk{mt ;+ljwfglgdf{0f ug]{ k|rng /x]sf] 5 . ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfdf ;+j}wflgs ;Dd]ngsf] k|ls|ofaf6,:jL6h/Nof08df hgdt ;+u|x / ef/t, O6nL, blIf0f clk|msf, e]g]h'onfdf ;+ljwfg ;efaf6 ;+ljwfglgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfndf ljutsf ;+ljwfgx? /fi6«k|d'vsf] 3f]if0ffaf6 hf/L ePsf lyP eg]g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# tTsfnLg ;ft /fhg}lts bn -g]kfnL sf+u|];, g]skf Pdfn], g]kfnLsf+u|]; -k|hftflGqs_, hgdf]rf{ g]kfn, g]kfn dhb'/ ls;fg kf6L{, g]kfn ;befjgf kf6L{ -cfgGbLb]jL_ /afd df]rf{ g]kfn_ / g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] ;xdltdf tTsfnLg k|ltlglw;efaf6 hf/L u/L cGtl/dJoj:yflksf ;+;b\af6 cg'df]bg eO nfu' ul/Psf] xf] .g]kfnsf] ;+j}wflgs Oltxf;sf] cWoog ubf{ tTsfnLg >L # kb\d ;dz]/ h=j=/f=sf] zf;gsfndf hf/L ePsf] g]kfn ;/sf/ j}wflgs sfg"g, @))$ nfO{ klxnf] lnlvt ;+ljwfg dflgG5 . o;;+ljwfgdf d"ntM ;fj{ef}d;Qf >L # df /xg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] / /fHosf] ;Dk"0f{ sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf//f0ff k|wfgdGqLdf /xg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] lyof] . t/ pQm ;+ljwfg adf]lhd Ps k6s lgjf{rg ePklgvf;} Jojxf/df sfof{Gjog geO{ lstfjdf dfq ;Lldt x'g k'Uof] .!)$ jif{ b]lv sfod /x]sf] lg/s'+z, hxflgof, PstGqLo /f0ff zf;gsf] lj?4df lj=;+= @))&;fndf g]kfnL s+fu|];sf] g]t[Tjdf ePsf] qmflGtn] /f0ff zf;gsf] cGTo eO{ g]kfndf k|hftGqsf]:yfkgf u¥of] . pQm /fhg}lts kl/jt{gsf] kl/0ffd :j?k b]zsf] zf;g ;~rfngsf] nflu g]kfnsf]cGtl/d zf;g ljwfg, @))& hf/L ul/of] . of] ljwfg hf/L ePkl5 /f0ffx?sf] ljz]ifflwsf/ ;dfKteO{ sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ /fhf / dlGqkl/ifbdf /xg] -King in Council_ Joj:yf ul/of] ] . o;;+ljwfgn] gful/ssf] df}lns xsnfO{ /fHo gLltsf] lgb]{zs l;4fGt cGt/ut /fv]sf] lyof] . lj=;+@))& ;fnsf] qmflGt kl5 g]kfnL hgtf k|hftflGqs ;+ljwfgaf6 zfl;t x'g] / Tof] ;+ljwfg hgtfaf6lgjf{lrt ;+ljwfg ;efn] d:of}bf ug]{ 3f]if0ff ul/Psf]] ePtfklg @)!$ ;fndf ul/Psf] cGtl/d zf;gljwfgsf] rf}yf] ;+zf]wgn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] ;6[fdf ;+;bsf] lgjf{rg ug]{ Joj:yf u/L @)!% ;fndfg]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg hf/L u/L nfu' ul/of] .g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)!% ax'bnLo ;+;bLo k|0ffnLdf cfwfl/t klxnf] ;+ljwfg lyof]h;n] jflnu dtflwsf/sf] cfwf/df ;+;bsf] lgjf{rg u/L lgjf{lrt ;+;b\af6 pQ/bfoL ;/sf/sf]u7g ug]{, sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ /fhf / dlGqkl/ifbdf lglxt /xg], /fhf klg ;+;bsf] c+u x'g] -Kingin Parliament_ h:tf ljz]iftfx? jf]s]sf] lyof] . t/ pQm ;+ljwfgnfO{ tTsfnLg /fhf dx]Gb|n] ;f]xL;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %% åf/f k|bQ clwsf/ k|of]u u/L ;+;bLo Joj:yfs} cGTo u/L @)!( ;fndfbnlalxg k+rfotL Joj:yf ;lxtsf] g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg hf/L u/] . o; ;+ljwfgn] g]kfnsf /fhg}ltsbnx? dfly k|ltaGw nufO{ /fHo ;~rfngsf ;j} clwsf/x? /fhfdf lglxt /xg] / /fhfaf6} lg;[tx'g] Joj:yf u¥of] . pQm ;+ljwfgnfO{ tLgk6s;Dd ;+zf]wg ul/Ptfklg o;n] lbuf]?k lng ;s]g /cGttM @)$^ ;fndf g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] cfJxfg / ;+o'Qm afd df]rf{ ;lxtsf] ;xeflutfdf ;DkGg;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ng dfk{mt\ g]kfndf ljut #) jif{ b]lv sfod /x]sf] k~rfotL Joj:yfsf] cGTo x'g1

uO{ /fhg}lts bnx?sf] ;xeflutfdf tTsfnLg zlQm ;Gt'ngnfO{ sfod ug]{ u/L lqkIfLo /fhgLlts;xdltsf] cfwf/df g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& hf/L ul/of] .g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& n] jx'bnLo ;+;bLo Joj:yf, ;+j}wflgs /fhtGq, :jtGqGofokflnsf, sfg"gL /fHo, df}lns tyf dfgj clwsf/sf] Joj:yf ug'{sf ;fy} g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qfg]kfnL hgtfdf lglxt x'g] / To;sf] k|of]u ;+ljwfgdf Joj:yf ul/P adf]lhd x'g] k|fjwfg /fv]sf]lyof] . pQm ;+ljwfgnfO{ @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngsf] P]ltxfl;s pknlAwsf] ¿kdf lnOPsf] lyof] .pQm ;+ljwfg /fhg}lts bnx?sf] ;xdltdf lgdf{0f ul/Psf] lyof] eg] g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;+ljwfgsf]lgdf{0f k|lqmofdf k|ToIf ;xeflutf x'g ;s]sf] lyPg . hgtfsf rfxgf, efjgf / cfsf+Iff cg'?k;+ljwfgnfO{ ;dofg's'n kl/jt{g jf ;+zf]wg ug]{ dfu eO/x]sf] lyof] t/ ;+zf]wg x'g ;s]g .s]Gb«Ls[t PsfTds zf;g k4ltsf] sf/0fn] hgtfsf dfu Pj+ ;d:ofnfO{ ;Djf]wg ug{ ;lsPg . o;}jLr @)%@ ;fndf ;+o'Qm hgdf]rf{ g]kfnn] /fv]sf ljleGg $) ;"qLo /fhg}lts dfux?nfO{ cfwf/agfO g]=s=kf= dfcf]jfbLsf] hgo'4 k|f/De eof] . s/Lj bz jif{ kl5 @)^@ ;fnsf] d+l;/df ;ft/fhg}lts bn / g]skf dfcf]jfbL jLr afx| a'Fb] ;Demf}tf eO{ @)^@.)^# sf] cGTolt/ tTsflng;ft bn -g]kfnL sf+u|];, g]skf Pdfn], g]kfnL sf+u|]; -k|hftflGqs_, hgdf]rf{ g]kfn, g]kfn dhb'/ls;fg kf6L{, g]kfn ;befjgf kf6L{ -cfgGbLb]jL_ / jfd df]rf{ g]kfn_ / g]=s=kf= dfcf]jfbL, cGo/fhgLlts bn, gful/s ;dfh / ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yf ;d]tsf] ;+nUgtfdf ePsf] !( lbg] j[xt\ bf];|f]hgcfGbf]ngsf] kl/0ffd :j?k lj3l6t k|ltlglw ;efsf] k'gM:yfkgfsf] af6f] x'Fb} g]kfnsf] cGtl/d;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] 3f]if0ff ;d]t eof] .!=@= k|ltlglw;efsf] 3f]if0ffk|ltlglw;efsf] k'g:yf{kgf ePkl5 ldlt @)^#.@.$ df k|ltlglw ;efn] ;+j}wflgs dxTjsf]3f]if0ff u¥of] . h;n] ;+ljwfg ;ef dfk{mt gof ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f u/L nf]stGq, /fHosf] k'g;+/rgf;lxt ;dfj]zL /fHo Joj:yf / lbuf] zflGt :yfkgf ug]{ ;+sNk u¥of] .!=#= g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] Joj:yfg]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f ^# df g]kfnL hgtf cfk}mn] gof ;+ljwfgsf]lgdf{0f ug{ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] u7g x'g] ;+j}wflgs k|fjwfgsf] Joj:yf /flvof] . ;+ljwfg ;efdf klxnf]x'g] lgjf{lrt x'g] lgjf{rg k|0ffnL cg';f/ @$) hgf, ;Dk"0f{ d'n'snfO{ Ps lgjf{rg If]q dfgL/fhg}lts bnnfO{ dt lbg] ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg k|0ffnL cg';f/ lgjf{lrt x'g] ##% hgf / /fli6«ohLjgdf dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf ljlzi6 JolQmx? / lgjf{rgaf6 k|ltlglwTj x'g g;s]sfcflbjf;L–hghftL dWo]af6 ;xdltsf cfwf/df dlGqkl/ifbaf6 dgf]lgt x'g] @^ hgf ;b:o /x]sf]^)! ;b:oLo ;+ljwfg ;efsf] u7g x'g] / ;+ljwfg ;ef ;b:osf] lgjf{rg g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf]ldltdf x'g] ;+j}wflgs k|fjwfg /x] cg'?k ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg eof] .!=$= ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgM;+jt\ @)^$ ;fn r}q dlxgfsf] @* ut] g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df klxnf] k6s ;+ljwfg;efsf]lgjf{rg ;DkGg ePsf] / lgjf{rgsf] kl/0ffd cg';f/ ;+ljwfg ;efdf klxnf] x'g] lgjf{lrt x'g] k|0ffnLcg';f/ ( j6f /fhg}lts bn / ;dfg'kflts k4ltaf6 yk !^ u/L hDdf @% /fhg}lts bnx?sf]k|ltlglwTj /xg'sf ;fy} s]xL :jtGq k|ltlglwTj ;d]t /x]sf] 5 .!=%= ;+ljwfg;efsf] sfo{sfn;+ljwfg ;efn] k|:tfj kfl/t u/L cufj} lj36g u/]sf]df jfx]s ;+ljwfg ;efsf] sfo{sfn;+ljwfg ;efsf] klxnf] j}7s j;]sf] ldltn] @ jif{sf] x'g]5 eGg] Joj:yf g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg,@)^# sf] wf/f ^$ df /x]sf] / ;+ljwfg ;efsf] klxnf] j}7s ldlt @)^%.@.!% ut] j;]sf] x'gfn] ;f]ldltaf6 @ jif{ leq ;+ljwfgsf] lgdf{0f u/L ;Sg' kg]{ ;+j}wflgs bfloTj /x]sf] 5 .!=^= ;+ljwfg;efsf] klxnf] a}7ssf] 3f]if0ff;+ljwfg;efsf] ldlt @)^% ;fn h]i7 !% ut] a;]sf] klxnf] a}7sn] g]kfnsf] cGtl/d;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !%( -@_ adf]lhd u0ftGq sfof{Gjogsf] k|:tfj kfl/t ug'{sf ;fy} g]kfn Ps;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqdf ljlwjt kl/0ft ePsf] 3f]if0ff u¥of] .2

!=&= ;+ljwfg ;ef lgodfjnL, @)^% / ;+ljwfg ;efsf] sfo{tflnsf;+ljwfg ;efn] g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f &* jdf]lhd cfkmgf] sfd sf/jfxLnfO{Jojl:yt / ;~rfng ug{ ldlt @)^%.&.@( df ;+ljwfg ;ef lgodfjnL, @)^% / ldlt @)^%.*.! df;+ljwfg ;efsf] sfo{tflnsf kfl/t u/L pQm sfo{tflnsfdf kl/jt{g ub}{ ;f] sfo{tflnsf cg'?kcfˆgf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .!=*= ;+ljwfg;efsf ;ldltx?;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] nflu bz j6f ljleGg ljifout ;ldltx?, Ps ;+j}wflgs ;ldlt / tLgj6f k|lqmofut ;ldltsf] u7g ePsf] 5 .!=(= /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf / /fHozlQmsf] afF8kmfF8 ;ldlt;+ljwfg ;ef lgodfjnL, @)^% sf] lgod %( jdf]lhd ;+ljwfg ;efsf] cWoIfn] ;efsf];xdlt lnO{ j9Ldf $# hgf ;b:ox? dgf]lgt ug]{ / To;/L ;b:o dgf]gog ubf{ ;+ljwfg ;efdf/x]sf] bnLo ;+/rgf, dlxnf, cflbjf;L, hghftL, dw]zL, blnt, lkl58Psf] If]q, d'lZnd nufotcNk;+Vos ;j} kIfsf] ;efdf /x]sf] pkl:yltsf] cfwf/df ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zLs/0f ul/g] k|fjwfg/x] cg'?k To:tf ljifout ;ldltx? dWo] /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf / /fHo zlQmsf] jfF8kmfF8 ;ldltsf]u7g ubf{ dfly pNn]v ul/Psf] k|fjwfg cg'?k u7g ePsf] 5 . ;+ljwfg ;ef lgodfjnLsf] lgod ^^cg';f/ o; ;ldltnfO{ /fHosf] ;+3Lo ;+/rgf, ;+3Lo PsfOsf] If]q lgwf{/0f / gfds/0f tyf /fHozlQmsf] jfF8kmfF8 ug]{ nufotsf ljifodf cjwf/0ffkq ;lxtsf] k|f/lDes d:of}bf tof/ u/L ;f];DjGwL k|ltj]bg ;+ljwfg ;efdf k]z ug'{ kg]{ lhDd]jf/L /x]sf] 5 .!=!)= /fHo k'g;{+/rgf cfof]ug]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !#* sf] pkwf/f -@_ df /fHosf] k'g;+{/rgf ug{sf]nflu ;'emfa lbg g]kfn ;/sf/n] Ps pRr:t/Lo cfof]usf] u7g ul/g] k|fjwfg /x]sf] 5 . t/;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] Ps jif{ kl5 dfq g]kfn ;/sf/n] ldlt @)^^.!.$ df 8f= u0f]zdfgu'?ªsf] cWoIftfdf /fHosf] k'g;+/rgf cfof]u u7g u/]sf] t/ pQm cfof]usf] sfo{If]q, sfo{ljlw,cfof]usf ;b:osf] k|ltlglwTj / k"0f{tfsf af/]df s'g} pNn]v ePsf] kfOb}g .!=!!= ;ldltsf] u7g;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL, @)^% sf] lgod ^^ jdf]lhd ldlt @)^%.*.#) df $# ;b:oLo/fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf / /fHo zlQmsf] aFf8kmFf8 ;ldltsf] u7g ul/Psf] 5 . ;ldltdf /xg' ePsf df);b:ox?sf] ljj/0f cg';"rL - 1 df pNn]vsf] ul/Psf] 5 .!=!@= ;efkltsf] lgjf{rg;ldltn] ;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL, @)^% sf] lgod &) -$_ df Joj:yf eP jdf]lhd dfggLo;b:o >L nf]s]Gb| lji6 du/nfO{ ;ldltsf] ;efkltsf] kbdf ldlt @)^%.(.@( df lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrtu¥of] . ;efkltsf] lgjf{rg gx'bfF ;Dd h]i7 ;b:osf] x}l;otn] ;ldltsf] ;efkltTj dfggLo ;b:o>L gf/fo0fdfg ljh'S5+]n] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .!=!#= ;ldltsf] sfo{If]qg]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !#* -!_ df juL{o, hflto, eflifs, n}lus,;f+:s[lts, wfld{s / If]qLo e]befjsf] cGTo ug{ /fHosf] s]Gb|Ls[t / PsfTds 9fFrfsf] cGTo u/L/fHosf] ;dfj]zL, nf]stflGqs ;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnL ;lxtsf] cu|ufdL k'g;{+/rgf u/Lg]5 eGg] pNn]vx'gfsf ;fy} wf/f !#* -!s_ df /fHosf] k'g;+/rgf ubf{ dw]zL hgtf nufot cflbjf;L hghflt /lkl58Psf tyf cGo If]qsf hgtfsf] :jfoQ k|b]zsf] rfxgfnfO{ :jLsf/ u/L g]kfn ;+3Lonf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds /fHo x'g]5, k|b]zx? :jfoQ / clwsf/ ;DkGg x'g]5g . g]kfnsf];fj{ef}ldstf Pstf / cv08tfnfO{ cIf'0f /fVb} :jfoQ k|b]zx?s]f ;Ldfgf, ;+Vof, gfd / ;+/rgf /clwsf/sf] afF8kmfF8 ;+ljwfg;efaf6 lgwf{/0f ul/g] 5 eGg] pNn]v ePsf] ;Gbe{df ;+ljwfg;efn]pQm ;+j}wflgs st{Jo k"/f ug'{ kg]{ ePsf] 5 . o;sf] nflu ;+ljwfg ;ef lgodfjnL, @)^% sf] lgod^$ jdf]lhd u7g ePsf] /fHosf] k'g;+/rgf tyf /fHo zlQmsf] af+8kmf8 ;ldltsf] sfo{If]q ;f]lgodfjnLsf] lgod ^^ n] b]xfo jdf]lhd tf]s]sf] 5M–3

fHosf] ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds :j¿kdf x'g] ;+/rgf,;+3Lo PsfOx?sf] If]q lgwf{/0f ug]{ l;4fGt / cfwf/x?,k|To]s ;+3Lo PsfOsf] If]q lgwf{/0f / tLgsf] gfds/0f,ljleGg txsf ;+3Lo PsfOsf ;/sf/ jLr ljwflosL, sfo{sfl/0fL / Goflos clwsf/sf]aFf8kmfF8,ljleGg txsf ;+3Lo PsfOsf] clwsf/ If]q ;DjGwL ljifo ;"rL / ;femf ljifo;"rLsf] lgwf{/0f,;+3Lo PsfO jLr Joj:yflksLo, sfo{sfl/0fL / Goflos clwsf/sf] cGt/ ;DjGw lgwf{/0f,;+3Lo PsfOx? jLr pTkGg x'g ;Sg] ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg ;DjGwL ;+oGq, /;ldltsf] sfo{If]q;+u ;DjlGwt cGo cfjZos s'/fx? .!=!$= ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ljifout ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/sf] jf/]df ;+ljwfg ;ef lgodfjnL, @)^% sf]lgod &# sf] cWoog ubf{ o; ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ lgDg jd]flhd /x]sf] 5M–s_ cfkmgf] sfo{ If]q leq kg]{ ljifodf ug'{ kg]{ sfdsf] ljj/0f -sfo{;"rL_ tof/ kfg]{ / ;f] sfo{;DkGg ug{ sfo{tfnLsf lgdf{0f ug]{,v_ cfkmgf] sfo{ ;"rL leq kg]{ ljifodf ePsf ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|Lx? ;+sng u/L 5nkmn tyf cWoogug]{,u_ cfkmgf] sfo{ If]q leq kg]{ ljifodf ljz]if1sf] /fo lng], ;fj{hlgs jx; u/fpg], :jb]z /ljb]zdf j:g] g]kfnL gful/sx?af6 ljleGg dfWodaf6 ;'emfj ;+sng ug]{, uf]i7L ;]ldgf/ ug]{ /cfjZostfg';f/ cWoIfsf] :jLs[lt lnO{ :ynut e|d0f ug]{,3_ cfˆgf] sfo{ If]q leq kg]{ ljifodf v08 -u_ adf]lhd ;+slnt /fo ;'emfjsf] cfwf/dfcjwf/0ffkq ;lxtsf] k|f/lDes d:of}bf tof/ kfg]{ / ;f] ;DjGwL k|ltj]bg ;+ljwfg ;efdf k]zug]{,ª_ cfkmgf] sfo{ If]q leq kg]{ ljifoj:t'df cWoog, cg';Gwfg tyf cGo sfd ug{ cfjZostfg';f/pk;ldltx? u7g u/L ltgLx?sf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ ;d]t tf]Sg] .;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnLsf] pNn]lvt k|fjwfg jdf]lhd o; ;ldltn] sfo{;"rLsf] ljj/0f tof/kf/L ;f] sfo{;"rL ;DkGg ug{ sfo{tflnsf agfO{ ;ldltsf] j}7saf6 ;j{;Ddt¿kdf :jLs[t ePsf] 5. pQm sfo{tflnsf cg';"rL - 2 df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .!=!%= cjwf/0ffkqsf] p2]Zo;+ljwfg /fHosf] d"n sfg\'g xf] h;n] zf;g ;~rfngsf] nflu dfu{bz{g k|bfg ug]{ ub{5 ./fHosf c+ux? jLr zlQmsf] afF8kmfF8 tyf lgoGq0f / ;Gt'ngsf] Joj:yfsf cnfjf gful/ssfd"ne"t clwsf/sf] Joj:yf ug]{ /fhgLlts / sfg"gL b:tfj]h g} ;+ljwfg xf] . ;+ljwfg d"n sfg"gdfq ge} cGo sfg"gsf] ;|f]t ;d]t ePsf]n] o;sf] lgdf{0f k|ls|of cGo ;fwf/0f sfg"g lgdf{0f ug]{k|ls|of eGbf km/s x'g] ub{5 .;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] k|ls|ofx?sf] cWoog ubf{ ;j}eGbf k|hftflGqs / pQd k|ls|of ;+ljwfg;efdfk{mt ;+ljwfgsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ sfo{nfO{ dflgG5 . o; k4ltaf6 lgld{t ;+ljwfgdf /fHosf ;Dk"0f{hflt, hghflt, wd{, ;Dk|bfo, ju{, If]q, ln+u / ;d'bfosf] efjgf d'vl/t x'g] / hgtfsf] To:tf]efjgf hgtfaf6 r'lgPsf ;ef;bx?af6 k|ltljlDjt x'g] ub{5 . o;/L lgdf{0f x'g] ;+ljwfgnfO{nf]stflGqs ;+ljwfg dflgG5 . o;} ;Gbe{df g]kfndf ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgåf/f u7g ePsf];+ljwfg;efn] g} ;ljwfg lgdf{0f u/L nfu' ug]{ ePsf]n] ;DalGwt ljifo If]qsf] d'n cfwf/sf] ¿kdfk|:t't cjwf/0ff tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 .4

s'g} ljifodf s]xL sfd ug'{ cl3 s] ug,]{ lsg ug]{, slxn] ug]{ / s;/L ug]{ eGg] jf/]dfk|f/lDes ?k/]vf tof/ kfg'{ g} pQm ljifosf] cjwf/0ff xf] . k|:t't cjwf/0ffkq ;+ljwfg n]vgsf]l;nl;nfdf tof/ ug'{kg]{ ePsf]n] To:tf] cjwf/0ffkqdf ;+ljwfgsf] ;}4flGts cfwf/ / j}rfl/sw/ftn, ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] j:t'ut cfwf/ k|bfg ug'{sf ;fy} ;+ljwfgdf pNn]lvt ljifoj:t'sf] ?k/]vfs;/L tof/ ul/of] eGg] s'/f :ki6 kfl/Psf] x'G5 .k|:t't cjwf/0ffkqnfO{ ;+ljwfg n]vgsf] cfwf/ tyf dfu{bz{gsf] ¿kdf lng' kg]{ s'/f;+ljwfg ;ef lgodfjnL, @)^% sf] lgod ^% sf] k|fjwfgn] :ki6 kf/]sf] kfOG5 . ;+ljwfg;eflgodfjnL, @)^% n] cfˆgf] sfo{ If]q leqsf ljifodf cjwf/0ffkq ;lxtsf] k|f/lDes d:of}bf tof/kf/L ;+ljwfg;efdf k]z ug'{ kg]{ ;DjlGwt ljifout ;ldltsf] st{Jo x'g] eGg] pNn]v u/]sf] x'gfn]k|:t't cjwf/0ffkq ;+ljwfgsf] d:of}bfsf] nflu cfwf/lznfsf] ¿kdf /xg] b]lvG5 .!=!^= cjwf/0ffkqsf cfwf/x?;+ljwfg;efsf ljleGg ;ldltx? dWo] /fHosf] k'g{;+/rgf / /fHo zlQms]f jfF8kmfF8 PsdxTjk"0f{ ;ldltsf] ¿kdf /x]sf]n] /fHosf] k'g;+{/rgf Pj+ /fHo zlQmsf] afF8kmfF8 ;DjGwdf o;;ldltn] cjwf/0ff kq tof/ ubf{ lnPsf d"n cfwf/ / ;xfos cfwf/ lgDg 5g\M–d"n cfwf/M;+ljwfg ;efsf] klxnf] j}7ssf] 3f]if0ff, @)^%;+ljwfg ;ef lgodfjnL, @)^%g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] Joj:yf,k|ltlglw ;efsf 3f]if0ffx?, @)^#g]kfn ;/sf/n] ljleGg ldltdf ljleGg /fhg}lts bn Pj+ ;+3;+:yf / ;d"x ;+u u/]sf;+Demf}tfx?,g]kfn ;/sf/ kIf ePsf cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw ;Demf}tfx?,ljleGg ljifosf ljz]if1x?n] ;ldltdf JoQm u/]sf ljrf/ tyf ;'emfjx?,hgdt ;+sngsf] qmddf hgtfaf6 k|fKt /fo ;'emfj tyf wf/0ffx?,;ldltdf ljleGg /fhg}lts bn tyf ;b:osf] x}l;otaf6 k|ltlglwTj ug'{ ePsf ;ef;bx?n]/fHosf] k'g;+/rgfsf] cfjZostf, To;sf] :j?k, cfwf/ Pj+ k|ls|of tyf /fHo zlQmsf] afF8kmFf8jf/]df cleJoQm wf/0ff,ljleGg dfWodaf6 ;ldltdf k|fKt /fo ;'emfjx?, ;/f]sf/ jfnfx?n] p7fPsf ;jfnx?,/fhg}lts bnn] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] ;dodf hf/L u/]sf 3f]if0ffkq / ;+ljwfg ;efsf];+j}wflgs ;ldltdf k]z u/]sf bnLo cjwf/0ffx?,s]Gb|Lo tYof+s ljefuåf/f k|sflzt hgu0fgf k':ts, @))!;xfos cfwf/x?Mg]kfnsf] ;+j}wflgs ljsf;qmd,;+3Lo k|0ffnL ckgfPsf d'n'sx?sf] cWoog,/fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf Pj+ ;+3Lo k|0ffnLsf] ;DjGwdf :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL ljåfg\x?n] JoQm u/]sfljrf/ tyf n]vx?,;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?af6 k|fKt ;'emfjx?,;]ldgf/, uf]i7L tyf cGt/lqmofaf6 k|fKt lgisif{,j}b]lzs cWoog e|d0f 6f]nLsf k|ltj]bgx?,ljifo;+u ;DjlGwt k':ts, n]v Pj+ cWoog k|ltj]bgx? .5

pNn]lvt cfwf/df tof/ kfl/Psf] k|:t't cjwf/0ff kqn] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf dxTjk"0f{b:tfj]hsf] :yfg lng] tyf ;+ljwfgsf] JofVofdf ;xof]u k'Ug ;Sg] ck]Iff /flvPsf] 5 .!=!&= ;ldltsf] j}7s / lg0f{o k|ls|of/fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf tyf /fHozlQmsf] afF8kmfF8 ;ldltsf] u7g ePkl5 ;ldltn] cfkmgf] sfo{If]q cg';f/ sfo{;Dkfbg ug'{ kg]{ ljj/0f / sfo{;"rL tof/ ug'{sf ;fy} ;f] sfo{;"rL sfof{Gjog ug]{sfo{tflnsf lgdf{0f, ljz]if1sf] If]q klxrfg, ljz]if1af6 lnO{g] ;]jf, ljz]if1sf] gfd ;+sngnufotsf ljifodf 5nkmn u/L ;+ljwfg ;efsf ;efkltx?sf] j}7saf6 cg'df]bg eO{ ;f] sfo{tflnsfcg'?k ;ldltn] cfkmgf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ;ldltsf] j}7sdf ;ef;bx?af6 JoQmwf/0ffnfO{ ;f/f+zsf] ¿kdf lnlkj4 ul/Psf] 5 . ;ldltn] sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ !@& k6s a}7s a;]sf]lyof] . a}7ssf] sfo{;"rL / lg0f{o cg';"rL - 3 df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . ;ldltsf] ;lrjfnodfsfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?sf] gfdfjnL cg';"rL - 4 df lbOPsf] 5 .;+ljwfg ;ef lgodfjnL, @)^% sf] lgod &# -@_ df ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bgdf ;ldltsf ;Dk"0f{;b:ox?n] x:tfIf/ ug'{ kg]{, ;+o'Qm x:tfIf/ x'g g;s]df slDtdf ;ldltsf jx'dt ;b:ox?n]x:tfIf/ u/]sf] x'g'kg]{ / s'g} ;b:on] cfkmgf] km/s dt ;lxtsf] x:tfIf/ ug{ rfx]df ;f] km/s dt;lxtsf] x:tfIf/ ug{ ;ldltsf] ;efkltn] cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfpg] k|fjwfg /x]sf] 5 .!=!&=!= pk–;ldlt÷sfo{bn u7gM;ldltn] cfkmgf] sfo{ If]q leq kg]{ ljifoj:t'df cWoog, cg';Gwfg tyf cGo sfo{ ug{cfjZostfg';f/ pk;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf eP cg';f/ ;ldltn] ljleGg ldltdf ljleGgsfo{x? ;Dkfbg ug{ pk ;ldlt tyf sfo{bn u7g u/]sf] 5 . pk ;ldlt tyf sfo{bnsf] sfo{If]q,sfo{ljlw, To;df /xg' ePsf df) ;b:ox?sf] gfdfjnL / pk;ldltsf k|ltj]bgx? cg';"rL - 5df ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .!=!&=@= ljz]if1;Fu hfgsf/L lnO{ 5nkmnM;ldltn] cfkmgf] sfo{ ;"rL leq kg]{ ljifodf ljz]if1sf] /fo ;'emfj lng ;Sg] Joj:yfeP cg';f/ ljleGg ldltdf ljz]if1x?nfO{ ;ldltsf] a}7sdf cfdGq0f u/L 5nkmn, k/fdz{ Pj+cGt/lqmof ul/Psf] lyof] . ;ldltdf cfdlGqt ljz]if1x?sf] gfdfjnL tyf lghx?;Fu 5nkmnul/Psf] ljifo cg';"rL - 6 df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .To;}u/L sfg"g, Gofo tyf ;+ljwfg;ef dGqfnon] ldlt @)^%.(.!* df ;ldltsf;b:ox?sf] nflu cfof]hgf u/]sf] Ps lbg] 5nkmn sfo{qmd / /fli6«o zflGt cleofgn] ldlt@)^%.!).@) / @! ut] cfof]hgf u/]sf] cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf ;ldltsf df) ;b:ox?n] efulng' ePsf] lyof] . o;}u/L ;+ljwfg;ef, Ifdtf clea[l4 tyf ;|f]t Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] cGt/f{li6«o;Dd]ng s]Gb|, afg]Zj/df ldlt @)^%.!).@# ut] cjwf/0ffkq tyf d:of}bf tof/ ug]{ l;nl;nfdf;ldltn] ckgfpg' kg]{ ljlwsf] af/]df sfo{qmd cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] . To;}u/L hfkfg cGt/f{li6«o;xof]u ;+:yf (JICA) n] ldlt @)^%.!!.!@ df cfof]hgf u/]sf] cGt/lqmofTds uf]i7Ldf ;ldltsfdfggLo ;b:ox? ;xefuL x'g' ePsf] lyof] . pQm sfo{qmdx?sf] ljj/0f6

cg';"rL - 7 df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .!=!*= cWoog ljlw, ;Ldf / cGo ;ldlt ;Fu ;dGjo!=!*=!= cWoog ljlwMk|:t't cjwf/0ff kq tof/ kfg]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu ;ldltn] cfkmgf] sfo{ If]qdf pNn]lvtljifosf] jf/]df b]xfosf] cWoog ljlw ckgfPsf] lyof] .k|fKt ;fdfu|Lx?sf] ;fd"lxs tyf JolQmut cWoog,;fd"lxs 5nkmn,ljz]if1x? ;+u k/fdz{ tyf cGtls{|of,hgtfsf] ;'emfj ;+sng ug{ :ynut cWoog,;'emfjsf] nflu ;fj{hlgs cfJxfg,sfo{zfnf, ;]ldgf/ Pj+ uf]i7Ldf ;xeflutfljleGg pk;ldlt tyf sfo{bnsf] u7g,:jb]z / ljb]zdf j:g] g]kfnL gfu/Lsx?af6 ljleGg dfWodaf6 ;+slnt /fo ;'emfj tyfljleGg ;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yf, gful/s ;dfh, a'l4hLjLx?sf] ;'emfjx?sf]cWoog, ljZn]if0f .!=!*=@= cWoogsf] ;LdfMcjwf/0ffkq tof/ kfg]{ l;nl;nfdf ;+ljwfg ;ef lgodfjnL, @)^% sf] lgod !$(jdf]lhd ;+ljwfg ;efn] ldlt @)^%.*.! df kfl/t u/]sf] sfo{tflnsf, ;ldltsf] ldlt @)^%.(.!#ut]sf] j}7saf6 kfl/t sfo{ ljj/0f / sfo{tflnsf / ;+ljwfg ;ef cGt/ut ul7t ljifout;ldltsf ;efkltx?sf] j}7saf6 kfl/t sfo{tflnsfdf pNn]lvt ljlw / ;do ;LdfnfO{ cjnDjgul/Psf] 5 . ;'emfj ;+sngsf] qmddf cTofjZos k|ljlwsf] cefjdf hgtfsf df}lvs;'emfjx?nfO{ /]s8{ ug{ g;lsg'sf ;fy} hgdt ;+sngsf] nflu :yfgLo txdf ljtl/tk|ZgfjnLx?sf] kof{Kt ljt/0f ug{ g;lsPsf] tyf ljtl/t k|ZgfjnLsf] ;+Vofdf ;'emfjx? ;d]tk|fKt x'g ;s]g .cjwf/0ffkq ;lxtsf] d:of}bf ldlt @)^^.!.!) ut] ;Dddf ;+ljwfg;efdf k]z ug'{ kg]{k|fjwfg /x]sf]df ljleGg ldltdf x]/km]/ ePsf] sfo{tflnsf cg';f/ ldlt @)^^.%.@! x'b}@)^^.!).)* ut] ;Dddf ;+ljwfg;efdf k]z ug'{ kg]{ ;do ;Ldf tf]lsPsf] 5 .;ldltsf] sfo{If]qsf] ljifodf cfdGq0f ul/Psf ljz]if1;Fu ;do l;dfsf sf/0fn] lj:t[t¿kdf 5nkmn ug{ g;lsPsf], gful/s;Fu ;'emfj cfjxfg ug{ ;+rf/ dfWodsf] kx'Frcfdhgtf;Fu k'Ug g;s]sf], k|fljlws / ef}lts ;'ljwf kof{Kt ¿kdf pknAw gx'g' ;|f]t / ;Gbe{;fdfu|Lsf] pknAwtf ;d]t ;dodf x'g g;s]sf]n] k|ltj]bg n]vg sfo{df s]xL ;d:of pTkGgePsf] cg'e"lt ul/Psf] 5 .cjwf/0ffkq tof/ kfg{sf] nflu kof{Kt ;do / u[xsfo{sf] cefj x'g'sf ;fy} ;+3fTdszf;g k|0ffnL ckgfPsf d'n'sx?sf] :ynut cWoog cjnf]sg u/L cg'ej xfl;n ug{gkfOPtfklg To:tf d'n'sx?sf] t'ngfTds cWoog ug]{ sfo{df k':tsfno ljlw cjnDjg ub}{;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL, @)^% sf] lgod ^^ n] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] /fHosf] k'g;+/rgf / /fHozlQmsf]afF8kmfF8 ;ldltsf] sfo{If]q leq ;Lldt /xL k|:t't cjwf/0ffkq tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 .!=!*=#= cGo ;ldlt;+u ;dGjoMk|:t't cjwf/0ffkq / o; cjwf/0ffkqsf] cfwf/df tof/ ug'{ kg]{ ljifodf ;+ljwfg ;efsf]cGo ljifout ;ldltx?;Fu ;dGjo u/]/ cfˆgf] sfd sf/jfxL cuf8L a9fpg' k5{ eGg] ljifonfO{;ldltsf] sfo{ ljj/0f / sfo{ tflnsfdf pNn]v eP cg'?k ;ldltn] cfˆgf ultljlwx? cufl8a9fPsf] 5 . ;f]xL qmddf o; ;ldltn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] /fHosf] zf;lso :j?k lgwf{/0f ;ldlt /k|fs[lts ;|f]t, cfly{s clwsf/ tyf /fhZj afF8kmfF8 ;ldltx?;Fu ;Fu} j}7s u/L Ps csf{sf]ljifodf hfgsf/L lnO{ cGt/ ;DalGwt ljifodf ;dGjo ug]{ k|of; ul/Psf] 5 .7

Joj:yflksLo c+usf] :j?k lgwf{/0f ;ldlt, Gofo k|0ffnL ;DaGwL ;ldlt, dlxnf, blnt,cNk;+Vos, hflt jf ;d'bfosf] xs clwsf/sf] ;DaGwdf df}lns xs ;DaGwL ;ldlt /cNk;+Vos / l;dfGts[t ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg ;d]t cWoog ul/Psf] 5 .!=!(= ;ldltdf k|fKt ;'emfjx?;ldltdf JolQmut / ;+:yfut ¿kdf lnlvt / df}lvs ¿kdf ljleGg dfWodx?af6 k|fKt;'emfjx? ;ldltn] ljZn]if0f u/L cjwf/0ffkqdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . ;'emfj lbg] ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf]gfd / ;'emfjsf] ;f/;+If]k cg';"rL - 8 df lbOPsf] 5 .!=@)= k|ZgfjnL cWoog Pj+ ljZn]if0f;ldltn] hgtfsf] ;'emfjsf] nflu tof/ u/]sf] k|ZgfjnL dfkm{t k|fKt ;'emfj cWoog u/LTo;af6 k|fKt hjfkmsf] cfwf/x? ljZn]if0f u/L k|fKt glthfnfO{ ;ldltn] 5nkmn u/L cjwf/0ffkqtof/ ug]{ k|d'v cfwf/sf] ¿kdf lnPsf] 5 . k|ZgfjnL, k|ZgfjnLsf] cWoog Pj+ ljZn]if0f tflnsf /hgdt ;+sng 6f]nLaf6 o; ;ldltnfO{ k|fKt ePsf ;'emfjx? cg';"rL - 9 cGtu{t qmdzM s, v/ u df lbOPsf] 5 .8

kl/R5]b — b'O{@= /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf, /fHozlStsf] afF8kmfF8 / ;+3Lotf@=!= /fHosf] k'g;+ {/rgf / /fHozlStsf] afF8kmfF8 M cy{ / ;Ldf@=!=!= /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf / /fHozlStsf] afF8kmfF8sf] cy{ / kl/efiffb]z jf d'n'ssf] ;+/rgf k|foM ckl/jt{gzLn x'G5 . t/ /fHosf] ;+/rgf zf;s jf /fHosf]cfjZostf jf hgrfxgf cg';f/ abNg ;lsg] jf ablng] u/]sf] 5 . zf;sLo ;+oGq / ;+/rgfsf]txut tndflysf] 9fFrf / t];f]{ ¿kdf /xg] ;dfgfGt/ k|s[ltsf /fHo ;+oGq cGtu{tsf ;+:yfx?sf];+/rgf / e"ldsf dfly gofF ljrf/ ug'{ k'g;+{/rgfs} ljifo dflgG5 . g]kfnsf] /fHo;Qfsf] jt{dfgrl/q PsfTds / zf;g ;Qfsf] :j?k s]Gb|Ls[t /x]sf] 5 . g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ljz]iftf /ljlzi6tfsf cfwf/df hgcfGbf]ngsf qmddf JoQm efjgf / kl5 k/]sf÷kfl/Psf ;d'bfosf]cfsf+Iff ;d]tsf] lx;fjn] g]kfnsf] /fHosf] rl/q ;+3fTdstfdf cfwfl/t x'g] / zf;g k|0ffnLljleGg txsf ;/sf/ jLrdf clwsf/ / st{Jo :ki6 jf+8kmf+8 ul/Psf] :jzf;gsf 9f+rfdfcfwfl/t x'g]5 . o; cGtu{t g]kfn ef}uf]lns, hftLo, eflifs, ;f+:s[lts / k|fb]lzs :jfoQtfdfcfwfl/t cv08, cljefHo / ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg /fi6«sf ?kdf gofF ;+/rgfx?sf] lgdf{0fk'gM;+/rgfs} cy{df lnOG5 . /fHosf] k'g;+{/rgf eg]sf] s'g} gjLg /fHosf] ;[hgf ug]{ geO{ eO{/x]sf] /fHo ;+/rgfnfO{ cfGtl/s ¿kdf kl/jt{g jf km]/jbn ug]{ k|ls|of xf] . t;y{ jt{dfg;Gbe{df g]kfnsf] xfn ljBdfg cGt/f{li6«o ;Ldf leqsf ljleGg ;+/rgfsf cfGtl/s ;Ldfx? k'gM-ljsf; If]q, lhNnf, ufpF jf gu/x?_ lgdf{0f / /]vfÍg u/L gofF ;+/rgfx?sf] lgdf{0f k'g;{+/rgfs}cy{df lnOG5 .g]kfnsf] ljBdfg /fHo ;+/rgfdf /x]sf juL{o, hftLo, eflifs, If]qLo, n}lËs, ;fdflhs,;f+:s[lts, /fhgLlts nufot ljleGg lje]b / c;dfgtfx?nfO{ ;dfKt ub}{ eljiosf ;+efjgf /;+efljt hgcfsfª\Iff cg';f/ gofF agfpg] sfd klg k'g;{+/rgf g} xf] . dfgj ;dfhsf] nfdf] /hl6n ljsf; qmdsf] ofqf ljleGg k|sf/sf åGå / ;+3if{af6 u'h|b} tbg'?k /fHo ;+rfng k|0ffnLdfklg ljsf;, kl/jt{g / ?kfGt/0f x'Fb} cfPsfn] k'/fgf] /fhgLlts ;fdflhs ;Gt'ng kl/jlt{tcj:yfdf l:y/ / kof{Kt /xg ;St}g . t;y{ o; qmddf ljleGg txsf ;/sf/ / To; cGtu{tsf;+:yfx?sf] cfGtl/s ;+/rgf tyf zf;g k|0ffnLdf ul/g] km]/jbn klg /fHok'gM;+/rgfs} ljifodflgG5 . o; afx]s /fHo;+/rgf / zf;sLo tx cGtu{tsf ;a} ;+:yf / lgsfox?sf] /fhgLlts,cfly{s tyf k|zf;lgs clwsf/sf] ljt/0f jf /fHozlStsf] gofF 9+un] afF8kmfF8 ug]{ sfo{ klg/fHok'g;{+/rgf g} xf] .PsfTds / s]Gb|Ls[t /fHonfO{ ;+3fTds agfpg] jf ;+3fTds /fHonfO{ s]Gb|Ls[t agfpg]sfo{ klg k'g;{+/rgf g} xf] . g]kfnsf] ljleGg kl/l:yltdf s]Gb|Ls[t / PsfTds /fHosf sf/0fljBdfg ;a} k|sf/sf c;dfg / lje]bsf/L zf;sLo Jojxf/df kl/jt{g, ;'wf/ jf km]/jbn ug]{k|lqmofnfO{ klg xfdLn] /fHok'gM;+/rgf leq /fVg vf]h]sf 5f}+ . lgisif{df s]Gb|Ls[t k|0ffnLn];dfwfg ug{ g;s]sf ;d:ofx?sf] ;+af]wg u/L ef}lts k"jf{wf/x?sf] lgdf{0f tyf k'glgdf{0f,cfGtl/s / afx\o ;fwg ;|f]tx?sf] gofF lsl;dn] kl/rfng ug]{ sfo{ klg /fHok'g;{+/rgf leqs}ljifo xf] . ;fy} /fHosf ;+:yfx?nfO{ hgd}qL / k|efjsf/L agfpg] tyf cfd gful/s / ljz]if u/Lcfh;Dd /fHosf Jojxf/ / ;+/rgfn] k5fl8 kfl/Psf jf k/]sf ju{, hflt–;d'bfo jf ;fF:s[lts;d"x jf If]qsf] /fHosf ;a} k|lqmofdf clwstd kx'Fr a9fpg] / ;xefuL agfpg] tyf o; lglDtpko'St / ;xh jftfj/0f ;[hgf ug]{ sfd g} g]kfnsf ;Gbe{df /fHok'g;{+/rgf dfGg ;lsG5 .;+3Lotfsf] d"ne"t kIf eg]sf] ;+3 -s]Gb|_ / k|b]z jf ;+3Lo PsfOx? jLr clwsf/sf]ljefhg g} xf] . ;+3Lo ;+/rgfdf /fHozlQmsf] afF8kmfF8 ubf{ d"nt bf]xf]/f] k4lt -Dualist model_/ PsLs[t k4lt -Integrated model_ u/L b'O{ k|sf/sf k4lt ckgfpg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . t/ sltko/fi6«df oL b'j} k4ltnfO{ klg cjnDjg u/]sf] b]lvG5 . bf]xf]/f] k4ltn] s]Gb| / k|b]z ;/sf/sf nfluljleGg clwsf/x? k|bfg ub{5 . h; cGt/ut s]Gb| Pj+ k|b]z b'j}sf] nflu s]xL clwsf/x? ;femfjf ;dfg clwsf/sf] ¿kdf /x]sf] x'G5 . Sofg8f, j|flhn / ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfdf of] k4ltsfod /x]sf] b]lvG5 .9

;fdfGotof Plss[t k4ltdf s]xL ljifox? k"0f{¿kdf s]Gb|Lo txsf ;/sf/nfO{ k|bfgul/Psf] x'G5 t/ sltko ljifox?df s]Gb| / k|b]z b'j}sf] ;dfg clwsf/ /x]sf] x'G5 . s]Gb|Lo;/sf/n] agfPsf] sfg"gnfO{ ;+3Lo PsfOn] To;sf] ljkl/t gx'g] u/L sfg"g lgdf{0f u/L Jojl:ytug{ ;Sb5 . hd{gL, cli6«of, :k]g / blIf0f clk|msfn] PsLs[t jf cGt/ ;DjlGwt k4lt ckgfPsf5g\ eg] ef/t / :jL6h/Nof08df b'j} k4ltsf ljz]iftf /x]sf] kfOG5 .;+3 -s]Gb_| / k|b]z jLr /fHozlQmsf] afF8kmfF8 cleJoQm -Enurmerated_ / cjlzi6 -Residuary_ clwsf/sf] l;4fGt adf]lhd ug]{ ul/G5 . zlQmsf] afF8kmfF8sf] qmddf ;fdfGotof;fj{ef}d ;Qfsf] k|of]u s]Gb|Lo, k|fb]lzs ;/sf/ dfkm{t\ s]Gb|Lo / k|fb]lzs ;/sf/x?af6 k|of]uul/G5 . o;/L s]Gb|Lo / k|fb]lzs ;/sf/ jLr zlQmnfO{ :ki6¿kdf ljeQm u/L afF8kmfF8 ul/g]l;4fGtnfO{ cleJoQm afF8kmfF8 elgG5 . ;+ljwfgdf s'g} Ps txsf] ;/sf/sf] clwsf/ ls6fg u/LpNn]v gePsf clwsf/x? csf]{ txsf] ;/sf/df lglxt /fVg] k4ltnfO{ cjlzi6 clwsf/sf]l;4fGt elgG5 . of] l;4fGt cg';f/ s]Gb|n] ;+3Lo PsfOnfO{ lglZrt clwsf/ lbO{ jfFsL clwsf/cfk"mdf /fVg] jf s]Gb|sf] clwsf/ ls6fg u/L afFsL clwsf/ k|b]z jf ;+3Lo PsfOdf /flvG5 .cd]l/sf / :jL6h/Nof08n] s]Gb|sf] clwsf/ ls6fg u/L cjlzi6 clwsf/ k|b]z jf /fHodf lglxtx'g] Joj:yf u/]sf] b]lvG5 eg] ef/tn] s]Gb| / k|b]z jf /fHo b'j}sf] clwsf/ lgwf{/0f u/L cjlzi6clwsf/ ;+3 jf s]Gb|df /xg] Joj:yf u/]sf] b]lvG5 .g]kfnn] ;+3Lo k|0ffnL ckgfPkl5 ;+3Lo PsfOx? jLr /fHozlQmsf tLg c+udf lglxtclwsf/sf] s;/L afF8kmfF8 ug]{ eGg] g} d"n k|Zgsf] ¿kdf /xg cfpFb5 . ;+3Lotfdf ;f/e"t zlQms]Gb| / k|b]zsf jLrdf ljefhg x'g] x'bfF Joj:yflksLo, sfo{sfl/0fL / Goflos clwsf/sf] ljefhgHofb} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . To;sf nflu ljleGg txsf jLr ;"rL k|0ffnLsf] cfwf/df zlQmsf] ljefhgul/G5 .@=!=@= /fHok'g;{+/rgfsf] ;Ldf/fHok'gM;+/rgfdf /fHo ;+/rgf / ;+rfngsf ofjt\ kIfx? ;d]l6P klg ;+ljwfg;eflgodfjnL -@)^%_n] /fHok'g;{+/rgf / /fHozlStsf] afF8kmfF8 ;ldltnfO{ tf]s]sf] sfo{If]qnfO{ x]bf{o;sf] ;Ldf k|fb]lzs txut -;+3Lo–k|fb]lzs–:yfgLo cflb_ /, ljz]if, ;+/rgf ;DaGwL Joj:yfsf]cfwf/df /fHosf ;+/rgf jf 9fFrfx?sf] lgdf{0f ug'{nfO{ g} dflgPsf] 5 . To;}n] k|b]z / To;cGtu{tsf :yfgLo ;+/rgfx?sf] 9fFrf / k4ltsf] lgdf{0f tyf ltgLx?sf aLr /fHozlStsf]afF8kmfF8 g} /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgfsf] d"n ljifo If]q agfOPsf] 5 .g]kfnsf] ljBdfg cGt/f{li6«o ;Ldf leq /x]sf ljljw ;Ldf -xfn ljsf; If]q, lhNnf /ufpF jf gu/x?sf] ;Ldf_x?sf] km]/jbn jf k'gMlgdf{0f jf k'gM;+/rgf ug]{sfd o;sf] d'VolhDd]jf/L leq k5{ . o;f] ubf{ k|fb]lzs tyf To; cGtu{tsf txdf pknAw ;fwg;|f]t Pj+zlStsf] plrt Pj+ Gofok"0f{ afF8kmfF8 / gful/s ;fdYo{+sf] clwstd kl/rfngsf lglDt pko'St;+/rgf / /fHo k4ltsf] lgdf{0f ug{ ;xh x'g] 5 .@=@= g]kfn /fHo lgdf{0fsf] P]ltxfl;s k[i7e"ld@=@=!= k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx k"j{sf] /fHolj:tf/ / lj36gsf] P]ltxfl;s >[ª\vnfjt{dfg g]kfnsf] lgdf{0f uf]vf{sf /fhf k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf] /fHo lj:tf/af6 k|f/De ePsf]PsLs[t ;+/rgfsf] kl/0ffd xf] . t/ k|frLg g]kfndf klg o; d'n'ssf] k6s k6s lj:tf/ /PsLs/0f x'Fb} / lj36g x'Fb} u/]sf P]ltxfl;s ;"rgfx? pknAw 5g\ . k|fs\ P]ltxfl;s ;dosf¿kdf rrf{ ul/Psf] g]kfnsf] ls/fFtsfnLg /fHo;+/rgfsf] s]Gb| klg sf7df8f}+ pkTosf g} /x]sf]cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . km'6\s/ k|df0fx?sf cfwf/df ls/fFtsfnLg /fHo jt{dfg g]kfnsf] ;Ldf eGbfcem lj:tfl/t 9fFrfdf /x]sf] pNn]v ;d]t sltko Oltxf;sf/x?n] u/]sf 5g\ .lnR5jLsfnnfO{ y'k|} P]ltxfl;s ;fdu|L / ;"rgfx?n] ;DkGg sfn dflgPsf] 5 . clen]v,d"lt{, j+zfjnL / cGo lnvtx?sf cfwf/df klg o;sf] P]ltxfl;stf k|dfl0ft ul/Psf] 5 .lnR5jLsfnsf] /fhwfgL klg jt{dfg sf7df8f}+ pkTosf g} /x]sf] tyf of] clxn]sf] ef/tLoIf]qx?;Dd lj:tfl/t /x]sf] /fHo dflgPsf] 5 . ;fy} ls/fFtsfnLg / lnR5jLsfnLg zf;gnf]stflGqs u0f/fHosf ¿kdf /x]sf] k|df0f klg Oltxf;sf/x?n] k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ .10

jt{dfg s0ff{nL If]qaf6 k|f/De ePsf] v; /fHo k"j{df uf]vf{x'Fb} sf7df8f}+;Dd cfOk'u]sf] /pQ/df jt{dfg rLgsf] :jfoQ If]q ltAatsf sltko e"efu;Dd km}lnPsf] tyf klZrddf ef/tsf]s'dfp–u8jfn;Dd k'u]sf k|;Ëx? Oltxf;df ;d]l6Psf 5g\ . To;} u/L ;]g /fhfx?sf] /fHoclxn]sf] tgx'F, dsjfgk'/x'Fb} k"j{sf] ljhok'/;Dd k'u]sf] dfq xf]Og jt{dfg ef/tsf] pQ/ k|b]zdfkg]{ /fdgu/;Dd km}lnPsf] P]ltxfl;s ljj/0fx? klg pknAw 5g\ . o:t} d"ntM sf7df8f}+pkTosfdf s]Gb|Lt ePklg dNn /fhfx?n] cfkm\gf] /fHonfO{ clxn]sf] sfe|], l;Gw'kfNrf]s, g'jfsf]6,/;'jf, wflbª / dsjfgk'/sf sltko If]qdf ;d]t km}nfPsf] Oltxf; kfOG5 .o;af6 k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx eGbf k"j{ klg sljnfO{ u0f/fHo k5fl8 jf ljljw /fhj+zx?n]lj:tfl/t / PsLs[t g]kfn lgdf{0f u/]s} b]lvG5 . g]kfn zAbsf] k|of]usf af/]klg dxfef/t tyfsf}l6Nosf] cy{zf:q ;d]tdf pNn]v ePsf sf/0f o;sf] k|frLgtf / g]kfn gfdsf] k|of]u ;'b'/Oltxf;b]lv x'Fb} cfPsf] lj1x?n] pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . h] eP klg /fHox? ljho ug]{ / To;nfO{JolStut ;DklQsf ¿kdf efO / 5f]/fx?sf aLr c+z–j08f ug]{ rng /fHonfO{ ;d]t lghL;DklQsf ¿kdf 7fGg] ;fdlGt dgf]j[lQs} kl/0ffd lyof] . kl5Nnf] k6s g]kfns} Oltxf;df v;,;]g / dNn /fhfx?n] oxL efuj08fsf] kl/kf6LnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbP . h;sf] kl/0ffd pgLx?n]PsLs[t agfPsf] /fHon] lg/Gt/tf kfpg ;s]g . k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn] u/]sf] /fHo lj:tf/ / lgdf{0fkl5 klg pgsf efOx?sf aLrdf efuj08fsf] ljifo p7]sf] / o;n] pgLx?sf aLr 7"nf] dtfGt/ePsf k|;Ëx? Oltxf;df 5g\ . t/ k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn] jf/Djf/ /fHox? PsLs[t x'g] / lj36gdfkg]{ o; k/Dk/fnfO{ /f]s] . kl/0ffdtM PsLs[t g]kfnsf] jt{dfg 9fFrf sfod /x]sf] P]ltxfl;s oyfy{xf] .@=@=@= k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf] /fHo lgdf{0f cleofg/fi6« alg;s]sf jf aGb} u/]sf ef}uf]lns If]q -sljnf jf 7s'/fO{_x?sf] ;lDdng,;dfof]hg jf /fHox? dflysf] ljho–lj:tf/n] g} d"ntM g]kfnsf] PsLs[t / lj:tfl/t :j?k ag]sf]xf] . To;}n] g]kfn /fHosf] rl/q k"0f{tM /fi6«x? ldn]/ /fHo ag]sf] cj:yf geO s]xL /fi6« / w]/}/hf}6fx?sf] ;lDdngaf6 /fHonfO{ g} /fi6«sf] ?k lbOPsf] ljz]iftfsf ¿kdf dfGg ;lsG5 .cfw'lgs g]kfnsf] lgdf{0f k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf] /fHo lgdf{0fsf] cleofgb]lv ;'uf}nL ;lGwx'Fb}h+uaxfb'/sf ;dodf ePsf] gofF d'n's lkmtf{;Dd cfOk'Ubf :yL/ ePsf] b]lvG5 .s]Gb|Ls[t /fHosf ¿kdf g]kfn /fHosf] lgdf{0f h+uaxfb'/n] k|f/De u/]sf] /fHo;+/rgf /!)$ jif{sf] /f0ff zf;gs} ;dodf a9L ;'b[9 aGg k'u]sf] xf] . ;ft ;fnsf] hgqmflGt kl5nf]stflGqs d"Nosf cfwf/df /fHo lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmof k|f/De eP klg s]Gb|Ls[t /fHon] g} lg/Gt/tfk|fKt u¥of] . /fHonfO{ nf]stflGqs 9fFrfdf cufl8 a9fpg] sfd g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)!%cGtu{t lgjf{lrt klxnf] ;+;b\ -@)!^_ n] s]xL dfqfdf yfngL u/] klg @)!& ;fn k'; ! ut]k|f/De ePsf] zfxj+zLo /fhfsf] lg/+s'z / k|ToIf zf;gn] k+rfotsf] cfj/0fdf s]Gb|Ls[t /PsfTds /fHonfO{ g} yk alnof] agfpg] sfd u¥of] . @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ng kl5 ck]Iffs[tv'nf nf]stflGqs jftfj/0fdf k|f/De ePsf] zf;sLo ofqfn] PsfTds / s]Gb|Ls[t ;+/rgf leq}ljs]Gb|Ls/0f / :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;gsf] Joj:yf u/] klg of] Tolt k|efjsf/L / sfo{d"ns aGg;s]g . kmn:j?k ;+3Lotf d'n'ssf] /fhgLlts cfjZostf aGg k'Uof] .@=#= ;+3Lo wf/0ff / ;+3Lotfsf] lgdf{0f@=#=!= ;+3Lotfsf] cGt/f{li6«o ;Gbe{cfw'lgs ljZjdf /fHosf] :j?k / 9fFrf ;dfg lsl;dsf] b]lvb}g . To;}u/L ;+3Lo 9fFrfklg leGg leGg b]lvG5g\ . ;+3Lotf lgdf{0fsf] p2]Zo / s:tf] ef}uf]lns cjl:yltdf ;DalGwtd'n's /x]sf] 5, To;n] klg w]/} km/s kfg]{ ub{5 . ljleGg :jtGq / ;+k|e' /fHox?n] cfk;L ;xdlt/ ;+emf}tfåf/f ;femf cle?lrsf ljifox? ;+3af6 ;+rfng ug]{ clek|fon] cd]l/sf ;+3Lo /fHoag]sf] xf] . vf;u/L jfl0fHo Jofkf/nfO{ k|a4{g ug{ / /fli6«o ;'/Iffsf] hu]gf{ ug]{ p2]Zosf ;fy:jtGq /fHox?sf] ;+o'St ;+/rgfsf ¿kdf ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf ag]sf] xf] . o:t} l:ylt:jL6\h/Nof08sf] klg b]lvG5 . cf–cfkm\gf SofG6gx?sf] :jfoQtf / ;f+:s[lts ljljwtfnfO{ ;+/If0f/ ;+j4{g ug]{ p2]\Zosf ;fy z'?df kl/;+3Lo ;+/rgf / kl5 ;+3Lotfsf] cEof;df :jL6\h/Nof08cu|;/ ePsf] xf] . hd{gL klg Nof08/x?sf] :jtGq lg0f{o / kf/:kl/s ;+emf}tfåf/f ;+3Lo /fHoag]sf] xf] . bf];|f] ljZjo'4s} qmddf ljeflht ePsf] hd{gLsf] k"jL{efu sDo'lgi6 zf;g kl511

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o;}aLr ;+ljwfg -@)$&_ sf] ;+zf]wgåf/f k|fb]lzs ;+/rgfsf] ;+j}wflgs Joj:yfsf nfluljleGg If]qaf6 cjwf/0ffsf] k|:t'lt / cfjfh p7\g] sfd tLj| dfqfdf ePsf] b]lvG5 . o; kl5d'n'ssf] cfly{s ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0fsf nflu yk k|ltlglwTjk"0f{ / ;xeflutfd"ns /fHo;+/rgfsf]lgdf{0f ub}{ /fhgLlts, cfly{s Pj+ ;fF:s[lts clwsf/ ;lxtsf] If]qLo ;+/rgfsf] kIfdf g]kfnLsf+u|];n] cfkm\gf] k|:tfj -@)^)_ cl3 ;f/]sf] b]lvG5 . o; k|:tfjn] ;f]em} ;+3Lotfsf] ljifo gp7fPklg /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf Pj+ If]qLo ;/sf/ / To; cGtu{t :jfoQzfnL ;+:yfsf ¿kdf :yfgLotxsf] gofF 9+un] Joj:yf ug]{ ljifo cl3 ;f/]sf] 5 .t];|f] ;+;bLo lgjf{rg -@)%^_ kl5 g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_åf/f ;z:q ;+3if{s} qmddf :jfoQ/fHo / ;dfgfGt/ ;/sf/sf] k|f/lDes cEof; -@)^)_ u/]sf] kfOG5 . o; cEof;n]/fHok'g;{+/rgf ;lxt ;+3Lo dfGotfsf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ j}rfl/s /fhgLlts ?kn] cl3 a9fpg d2tk'¥ofPsf] b]lvG5 .lg/Í'z /fhtGqsf] cGTo ub}{ k"0f{nf]stGqsf kIfdf /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf / zflGtk"0f{hgcfGbf]ng cl3 a9fpg] k|lta4tf ;lxt To;avt ;+;bLo cEof; leq /x]sf ;ft bn /;+ljwfg;efsf] /fhgLlts dfusf ;fy ;z:q ljb|f]xdf /x]sf] g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ aLr ;DkGg !@a'Fb] ;dembf/Ln] /fhgLlts lgsf;sf] dxTjk"0f{ af6f] ;+ljwfg;ef dfkm{t\ /fHo k'g;{+/rgf xf] eGg]lgisif{df k'u]sf] b]lvG5 . o;df k|ToIf ?kn] ;+3Lotfsf] ljifo ;dfj]z ePsf] gb]lvP klg;+ljwfg;ef dfkm{t /fHosf] k'gM;+/rgf ug]{ c7f]6n] ;+3Lotf;Dd k'Ug] dfu{nfO{ ck]Iffs[tkm/flsnf] kf/]sf] xf] .;dfgtfsf kIfdf Pj+ s]Gb|Ls[t ;fdGtL /fHo;Qfaf6 ePsf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s,/fhgLlts, eflifs, ;f+:s[lts lje]b, cGofo / zf]if0f lj?4 p7]sf] dw]z–cfGbf]ngsf] /fhgLltslgsf; lbg] qmddf g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# df t];|f] ;+zf]wg u/L ;+3Lo nf]stGqsf];+j}wflgs k|fjwfg ylkPsf] xf] . o;n] g]kfnnfO{ ;+3Lo /fHo agfpg] sfo{df lg0ff{os e"ldsflgjf{x u/]sf] b]lvG5 .o;} aLr ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg -@)^$_ sf qmddf d'n'sdf k|foM ;a} kf6L{x?n]cfkm"nfO{ ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqk|lt k"0f{ k|lta4tf k|s6 ub}{ cf–cfkm\gf 3f]if0ffkq hf/L u/]sf5g\ . o;af6 ;+ljwfg;efn] agfpg] ;+ljwfgdf ;+3Lo ;+/rgf dxTjk"0f{ kIfsf ¿kdf /xG5 eGg]kf6L{sf tkm{af6 cfdgful/snfO{ e/f];f ug{sf lglDt cfZjf;g ;d]t xf] eg]/ a'em\g'k5{ .;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg kZrft\ a;]sf] ;efsf] klxnf] a}7sn] ljlwjt ;+3Lo nf]stflGqsu0ftGqsf] 3f]if0ff / o;sf] ;d'lrt lqmofGjogsf nflu k|lta4tf k|s6 u/]sf] kfOG5 .@=#=#= ;+3Lotfsf] cfwf/e"t l;4fGt;+3Lotfsf] cfwf/e"t l;4fGt eg]sf] /fHosf] zlSt / clwsf/ Pp6} s]Gb|df g/xg] dfGotfxf] . To;}n] o;nfO{ ljs]Gb|Ls/0f eGbf cs]Gb|Ls/0fsf ?kdf a'‰g a9L pko'Qm b]lvG5 .ljs]Gb|Ls/0f s]Gb|n] k|bfg u/]sf clwsf/x?nfO{ cEof; ug]{ k|lqmof xf] eg] ;+3Lotf Pp6} s]Gb|dfzlSt g/xg] jf /fHo zlQmsf] afF8kmfF8 Pj+ Joj:yfkgsf] cj:yf xf] . s]Gb|df /xg] clwsf/ s]Gb|,k|b]z / To; cGtu{tsf cGo txdf ;d]t ljtl/t x'g] kl/l:yltn] ;+3LotfnfO{ /fHozlQmsf]afF8kmfF8 Pj+ ljt/0f klg eGg] ul/G5 .;+3Lotfn] /fHo;Qf / zlStsf] ljt/0f tyf clwsf/sf] afF8kmfF8 ub{5 . ;fy} k|fb]lzsk|fyldstf / ljz]iftfsf] ;+/If0f ug]{ sfddf klg ;+3Lo ;+/rgfn] a9L hf]8 lbG5 . o; afx]scfly{s ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0fåf/f lje]b / c;dfgtfsf] ;dflKtnfO{ ;+3Lo ;+/rgfn] kof{Kt d2tk'¥ofpF5 . oyfy{df ljleGg txsf ;/sf/x?sf aLrsf] ;xsfo{ jf /fHozlStdf lx:;]bf/Lsf];+ld>0f ug'{ g} ;+3Lotfsf] d"n rl/q xf] . t;y{ ;+3Lotf s]jn :jfoQ zf;g dfq xf]Og, of];femf zf;g klg xf] . lsg eg] ;+3Lo -s]Gb|Lo_ ;+/rgf klg ;a} k|b]zx?sf] k|foM ;dfg'kflts jf;dfg k|ltlglwTjdf g} lgdf{0f x'g] ub{5 . To;}n] ;+3LotfnfO{ :jfoQtf / :jtGqtf ;lxtsf]Pstf klg eGg] ul/G5 .@=#=$= nf]stGqdf ;+3Lotf;a} nf]stflGqs b]zx?df ;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnL /x]sf] kfOb}g . t/ ;+3Lo zf;gnf]stflGqs b]zx?df g} ;kmn ePsf] 5 . To;}n] nf]stflGqs d"No / dfGotfk|ltsf] ;femf13

k|lta4tf ;+3Lo k|0ffnL cGtu{tsf ;a} PsfOx?sf] ;dfg ljz]iftf / k|fyldstfsf] ljifo aGg' kg]{x'G5 .j}olSts :jtGqtf / ;fd"lxs klxrfgsf] ;'/IffnfO{ ;+3Lotfn] ;dGjo ug]{ ;fdYo{ /fVb5. t;y{ ;dfg'kflts Pj+ ;dfj]zL k|ltlglwTj / Gofok"0f{ ;xeflutf ;+3Lotfsf] sfo{d"nsJoj:yfkgsf lglDt cfjZos 5 . :jtGqtf, ;dfgtf, ;DkGgtf / dfgjclwsf/sf] Uof/]06L ;lxtc;dfgtf / c;Gt'ng x6fpg] k4ltsf ¿kdf klg ;+3Lotfsf] cEof; x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . ax'ntf /ljljwtfsf] ;+of]hg nf]stGqsf] cfwf/e"t ljz]iftf xf] eGg] ;+3Lotfsf] klg d"nr'/f] xf] .@=#=%= ;+3Los/0fsf k|rlnt 9fFrf / xfd|f] cj:yfljZjdf b'O{ k|sf/sf ;+3Lo /fHox?sf] k|rng b]lvPsf] 5 M:jtGq /fHox? ldn]/ Pp6} ;+3Lo /fHo aGg] k|lqmofs]Gb|Ls[t / PsfTds /fHosf] k|fb]lzs 9fFrfdf ?kfGt/0f jf /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgfåf/f k|b]zx?sf]lgdf{0f;+3Lotfsf ;DjGwdf ljZjsf cEof;x?nfO{ cWoog ubf{ @* /fi6«x?n] ;+3Lo k|0ffnLcjnDjg u/]sf] kfOG5 . tL b]zx?sf] cEof;nfO{ x]bf{ d"ne't?kdf ;+3Lotfsf] :j?k b]xfocg';f/sf] kfOG5 .-!_ bf]xf]/f] ;+3Lotf -Duel or two tier federalism_Mbf]xf]/f] ;+3Lotfdf k|To]s ;+3Lo PsfO Ps csf{sf] clwgdf g/xL k"0f{?kdf :jtGqx'G5g . o; k|0ffnLdf tNnf txsf ;/sf/sf] ;+:yfut :jfoQtfdf hf]8 lbOPsf] x'G5 //fHozlQmsf] ljefhg :ki6?kdf ul/Psf] x'G5 . bf]xf]/f] ;+3Lo k|0ffnLdf s]Gb| ;/sf/ / /fHosf]cf–cfkmg} ;+ljwfg x'g] ub{5 / k|To]s txdf Joj:yflksf / sfo{kflnsf /x]sf] x'G5 . t/s]Gb|Lo Joj:yflksfdf sdhf]/ k|sf/sf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] ub{5 . bf]xf]/f] ;+3Lotfdf /fHo / s]Gb|:jfoQ x'g] x'gfn] sltko sfdx?df bf]xf]/f]kg klg cfpg ;St5 . o;nfO{ k|lt:kwL{;+3Lotf (Competitive Federalism) klg elgG5 .;3Lo cjwf/0ffsf] k|f/Dedf cd]l/sf, Sofg8f / ci6«lnofdf k|lt:kwL{ ;+3Lotf -Competitive federalism_ sf] cjwf/0ff k|d'v?kdf /x]sf] lyof] . h;df s]Gb| / k|b]z jLrk|lt:kwf{sf] efjgf /xg] ub{Yof] . t/ ;dosf] cGt/fndf k|lt:kwL{ ;+3Lotfsf] wf/0ffdfkl/jt{g eO{ ;xof]uL ;+3Lotfdf kl/0ft x'g yfNof] .-@_ ;xof]uL ;+3Lotf -Co-operative or inter–locking federalism_Ms]Gb| / k|fGt tyf k|fGt k|fGt Ps csf{df cGt/ lge{/ eO{ ;xof]uLsf] ?kdf sfd ug]{ k|s[ltsf];+3Lo 9frfnfO{ ;xof]ufTds -Cooperative or inter–locking_ ;+3Lotf elgG5 . o; cGt/uts]Gb| / k|b]zsf] jLrdf k|ToIf ;DjGw /xG5 . ;fdfGotof s]Gb|sf] clwgdf ;+3Lo PsfOx?/xg] ub{5g .;xof]uL ;+3Lotfdf /fHo jf k|b]zx?sf] s]Gb|df jlnof] k|ltlglwTj x'g' kb{5 . To;f]gePdf /fHo jf k|b]zx? k|zf;lgs PsfOsf ?kdf ljsl;t x'g k'Ub5 . ;xsf/L ;+3Lotfk|0ffnL cGtu{t ;+3Lo Joj:yflksfdf hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df k|ltlglwTj ePsf] x'G5 / s'g} klggLlt kf; ug{ Joj:yflksfsf] b'j} ;bgaf6 cg'df]bg x'g' kb{5 / To;nfO{ k|b]zx?n] klgcg'df]bg u/]sf] x'g'kb{5 . ;+3Lo PsfO tyf k|b]zx? jLr cfly{s c;dfgtf gxf]; eGg]clek|fon] s]Gb|n] s]xL /sd /fHo jf k|b]znfO{ lbg] klg ub{5 . hd{gL, Olyof]lkof, blIf0fclk|msf, Sofg8f h:tf b]zx? ;xsfof{Tds ;+3fTds ;+/rgf cGt/ut kg{ cfpb5g .;xof]uL ;+3Lotfsf] wf/0ff vf;u/L o'4, lj1fg tyf k|ljlwsf] If]qdf ePsf] ljsf; /nf]s sNof0fsf/L /fHosf] wf/0ffsf] pbo h:tf sf/0fn] ljsl;t ePsf] b]lvG5 . ef/t, hd{gLnufot sltko d'n'sx?sf] ;+3Lo :j?knfO{ ;xof]ufTds ;+3Lotfsf] ?kdf lng] u/]sf]kfOG5 .14

-#_ ;dfg clwsf/ ljefhg ePsf ;+3Lo ;+/rgf -Symmetric Federalism_Mo; cGt/ut ;j} /fHo jf k|fGtnfO{ clwsf/sf] afF8kmfF8 ;dfg?kn] ul/Psf] x'G5 . cyjfljleGg ;+3Lo PsfOx?nfO{ Ps} k|sf/sf] clwsf/ k|bfg ul/Psf] x'G5 . ci6«]lnof / cd]l/sfn]o;} k4ltnfO{ ckgfPsf] kfOG5 .-$_ leGg leGg clwsf/sf] jfF8kmfF8 ul/Psf ;+3Lo ;+/rgf -Asymmetric Federalism_Mo; cGt/ut clwsf/sf] jfF8kmfF8 k|b]zn] ;dfg¿kn] k|fKt ug]{ ge} 36La9L k|of]u ug]{cjwf/0ff kg{ cfp5g\ . ;+3Lo PsfOx? jLr ;dfg clwsf/ k|bfg gu/L c;dfg jf leGgleGg clwsf/ lbOg] ;+3Lotf Asymmetric Federalism xf] . ;+3Lo PsfOx? /fhgLlts,hg;f+lVos, eflifs, ;|f]tsf] pknJwtf / ef}uf]lns cj:yfsf sf/0fn] c;dfg / ljljwtfo'Qmx'g] x'bf ;dfg clwsf/sf] ljefhg ;b}j Jofjxfl/s x'b}g . To;sf/0f clwsf/sf] afF8kmfF8c;dfgtfsf] l;4fGt cjnDjg u/L s'g} ;+3Lo PsfOnfO{ ljz]if clwsf/ k|bfg ug]{ ul/G5 .ljZjdf k|rlnt ;+3Lo 9fFrfx?sf] cWoog ljZn]if0f ubf{ g]kfnsf] jt{dfg kl/k|Iodf/fhg}lts kf6L{, lj4fg\, hgefjgf ;d]tsf] cfwf/df g]kfndf ;xof]uL ;+3Lotfsf] 9fFrfJojxf/df sfof{Gjog ubf{ ;a}sf] dgf]efjgf { k|ltljDjt x'g ;S5 .g]kfn PsfTds tyf s]Gb|Ls[t /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgfåf/f k|fb]lzs 9fFrfdf ¿kfGt/0f x'g]k|lqmofdf 5 . o:tf] k|lqmofdf ;fdfGotof b'O{ k|sf/sf ljz]iftfx? b]vf k5{g\ MPsn ;fF:s[lts klxrfg ;lxtsf] :jfoQ k|b]zax' eflifs tyf ax' hftLo ;d'bfox?sf] ax' ;fF:s[lts k|b]zg]kfnsf] a;f]jf;sf] ljBdfg 9fFrf / ;fdflhs–;fF:s[lts ;+/rgfnfO{ x]bf{ eflifsPs?ktf / ;3gtfsf b[li6n] k|foM Psn ;fF:s[lts klxrfg ;lxtsf] If]q s0ff{nL / kNnf] -;'b'/_ klZrd kxf8 Pj+ k"jL{ t/fO{ -d}lynL, / ef]hk'/L efifL If]q_ dfq} b]lvG5g\ . sf7df8f}+pkTosf g]jf/ ax'n If]q eP klg ;fF:s[lts ld>0fsf] dfqf a9\b} uPsf] 5 . cGoq ;a} lt/s]xL ljz]iftfx? ;lxt eflifs–;fF:s[lts ld>0f afSnf] ¿kdf b]lvG5 .@=#=^= PsfTds /fHonfO{ ;+3fTds agfpg' kg]{ sf/0f;+;f/df PsfTds /fHonfO{ ;+3fTds agfpg' kg]{ d"n sf/0f hgtfsf] /fhgLltscfsfª\Iff g} xf] . t/ /fhgLlts cfsfª\Iff lgdf{0fsf k5fl8 s]xL yk sf/0f /x]sf x'G5g\ . g]kfnsf;Gbe{df /fHonfO{ ;+3fTds agfpg' kg]{ yk sf/0f o; k|sf/ 5g\ Mg]kfnsf] ljljwtfM eflifs, hftLotf, ;fd'bflos, wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts, ef}uf]lns, If]qLo /n}lËs pTkL8g;xL cy{df zlQm ljs]Gb|Ls/0f ug{ grfxg] ljutsf] zf;sLo dfgl;stf/fHo;Fu ;a} If]qsf hgtfsf] ckgTj / :jfldTj tyf ;fldKo :yflkt ug{k|ltlglwTj / ;xeflutfsf j[l4sf lglDt sdhf]/ /fHo ;+/rgfnfO{ abNg' kg]{ cfjZostf;dfgtfsf kIfdf Pj+ s]Gb|Ls[t ;fdGtL /fHo;Qfaf6 ePsf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s, /fhgLlts,eflifs, ;f+:s[lts lje]b, cGofo / zf]if0fsf lj?4 p7]sf] dw]z cfGbf]ng -@)^#_ sf] d"nPh]08f;dfhsf] nf]stGqLs/0f ub}{ ;dtfd"ns tyf ;dfj]zL nf]stGqsf] vf]hLPsfTds /fHon] ;Daf]wg ug{ g;s]sf ljifonfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ rfxgfhftLo, eflifs / ;f+:s[lts klxrfgsf] dfu;dfg clwsf/sf] dfu / cfly{s cj;/df ;dfg kx'Frsf] dfu;a} k|sf/sf lje]bsf lj?4 p7]sf juL{o, hftLo, dlxnf / n}lËs cfGbf]ngsf cfjfhnfO{;Daf]wg ug{/fHoaf6 k|bfg ul/g] ;]jf ;'ljwfdf ;dfg ljt/0f / ljsf; lgdf0f{sf] k|ltkmndf ;dfglx:;]bf/L :yflkt ug{15

kl/R5]b — tLg#= /fHosf] ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds :j¿kdf x'g] ;+/rgfhgtfdf lglxt ;fj{ef}d;Qf, dfgj clwsf/ tyf df}lns xs, sfg"gL /fHo, :jtGq / ;IfdGofo kflnsf, k|]; :jtGqttf, ax'bnLo k|lt:kwf{Tds zf;g k|0ffnL, ;/sf/sf cËx? jLr clwsf/sf]k[ysLs/0f tyf lgoGq0f / ;Gt'ng, :jfoQ zf;g, cfjlws lgjf{rg, pQ/bfoL / ;Lldt ;/sf/sf]cjwf/0ff, ;'zf;g / kf/blz{tf, hftLo 5'jf5't, n}lËs lje]b /lxt tyf ax'ntfdf cfwfl/t ;dfh,/fHoaf6 k|bfg ug]{ ;]jf ;'ljwfdf ;dfg cj;/ / clwsf/, ;dfj]zL / ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjsf]lgjf{rg k|0ffnL nf]stflGqs zf;g k|0ffnLsf cfwf/e"t l;4fGt / d"ne"t dfGotfx? x'g\ . g]kfnsf];+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds :j¿kdf log} cfwf/e"t l;4fGt / dfGotfnfO{ /fHosf ;a} tx /cËx?df cjnDag ul/g] 5 . o;af6 g]kfnL hgtf jLrsf] dha't Pstf ePsf] ;+3Lo nf]stflGqsu0ftGqfTds :jfwLg zflGtk"0f{ / ;+j[4 /fi6«sf] lgdf{0f x'g] ljZjf; ul/Psf] 5 . k|b]z, :yfgLo tx /ljz]if ;+/rgf cGtu{tsf :jfoQ If]qdf a;f]af; ug]{ cflbjf;L, cflbjf;L hghfltsf] klxrfg,:jzf;g / :jfoQtfsf] k|Tofe"lt x'g]5 .#=! cGt/f{li6«o cEof;;+3Lotf ckgfPsf b]zx?n] ;/sf/sf txx? ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] rf;f] / ;DalGwt b]zsf]cfjZostf ;d]tnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL cf–cfˆgf lsl;dn] ljefhg u/]sf] kfOG5 . blIf0f clk|msfsf];+ljwfgdf /fli6«o, k|fGtLo / :yfgLo (National, Provinceal and Local) u/L tLg txsf] ;/sf/ /xg]Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . tLg txs} ;/sf/sf] clwsf/ ;+ljwfgdf Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .ef/tsf] ;+ljwfgdf ;+3 (Union) / /fHo (State) sf cnfjf :yfgLo txsf ?kdfk+rfot÷gu/kflnsfsf] ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf / clwsf/sf] ;"rL ;d]t pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .:jL6h/Nof08sf] ;+ljwfgdf ;+3 (Federation), SofG6f]g;\ (Cantons) / gu/kflnsf -sDo'g_(Municipalites) /xg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] kfOG5 . gu/kflnsfx?sf] :jfoQtf SofG6f]g;\sf] sfg"gcGtu{t k|Tofe"t ul/g] pNn]v 5 .c:6]«lnofdf s]Gb| (Executive Government) / /fHox? (States) u/L @ tx /xg] Joj:yf;+ljwfgdf ul/Psf] 5 . To;}u/L hd{gLdf ;+3 (Federation) / Nof08/ /xg] ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf 5 .a]lNhoddf ;+3Lo ;/sf/ (Federal Government, If]qLo / ;fd'bflos ;/sf/ (Regional andCommunity Government), k|flGto / ;fd'bflos ;+:yf (Provincial and Communial Institution) / zx/Llgsfo (Urban Entities/Federations of Communes) u/L $ txsf] ;+/rgf ;+ljwfgdf Joj:yf ul/Psf]5 .hd{gLsf] ;+ljwfgdf ;+3Lo, Nof08/ -k|b]z_ sfp06L / sDo'g; u/L $ txsf] ;/sf/sf]Joj:yf 5 .a|flhnsf] ;+ljwfgdf s]Gb|, /fHo / gu/kflnsf u/L # txsf] ;+/rgfsf] Joj:yf 5 .#=@= /fhg}lts bnx?sf] cjwf/0ff/fHosf] ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds :j¿kdf x'g] ;+/rgfsf] tx ;DaGwdf ;+ljwfg;ef/ ;DalGwt ;ldltdf k]z u/]sf] /fhgLlts bnx?sf] cjwf/0ffkq / ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg 3f]if0ffkqdf pNn]v ul/Psf tx cg';"rL - 10 df lbOPsf] 5 .#=#= tLg txsf] d"n ;+/rgf;ldltnfO{ k|fKt ;'emfj, k|ZgfjnL cWoog Pj+ ljZn]if0f, kf6L{sf] bnLo wf/0ff /3f]if0ffkq÷k|ltj4tf kq, ljz]if1sf] /fo ;'emfj, cGt/f{li6«o cEof; / k|rng, ljleGg ljåfgsfb[li6sf]0f, g]kfndf ljutdf ul/Psf cEof;, ;ldltdf o;sf ;b:ox?n] JoQm ug'{ ePsf] wf/0ffnfO{;d]t Wofgdf /fvL /fHosf] ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds :j¿kdf x'g] ;+/rgf # tx k|:tfljtul/Psf] 5 .16

g]kfn /fHosf] /fhgLlts ;+/rgf d"ntM tLg txdf /xg] 5 . cfjZostf / cf}lrTonfO{Wofgdf /flv ljz]if Joj:yf klg ug{ ;lsg] ;+j}wflgs k|fjwfg /flvg] 5 . txx? lgDgfg';f/ /xg]5g\ .#=#=!= ;+3Lo txg]kfnsf] ;+3Lo ;+/rgfsf] ;a} eGbf dflyNnf] txsf] ?kdf ;+3Lo tx /xg] 5 . ;+3n]g]kfnsf ljleGg k|b]zx?, :yfgLo tx / ljz]if ;+/rgfsf] ;dli6ut :j?knfO{ lgwf{/0f ub{5 .;+3sf] ;+rfng, clwsf/sf] k|of]u, kfngf ug]{ u/fpg] sfo{sf nflu ;+3Lo Joj:yflksf,sfo{kflnsf / Gofokflnsf nufot ;+3Lo ;+j}wflgs cfof]ux? ;d]t /xg' kg]{ x'G5 .#=#=@= k|fb]lzs tx;+3Lo PsfOdf ljefhg ul/Psf] If]q / :j?ksf] ?kdf k|b]z x'g] / k|b]zsf] zf;g ;+rfng/ k|fb]lzs If]qsf] clwsf/sf] k|of]u ug{ k|fb]lzs sfo{kflnsf, Joj:yflksf / Gofokflnsf /xg]Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 .#=#=#= :yfgLo tx;+3Lo ;+/rgfsf] tNnf] txsf] ?kdf :yfgLo tx /xg] / ;f] cGtu{t ufpFkflnsf /gu/kflnsfsf] Joj:yf ul/g] 5 . :yfgLo tx k|b]z cGtu{t /xG5g\ . :yfgLo txsf] ;+rfngsfnflu lgjf{lrt kl/ifb /xg] / ;f] kl/ifbn] :yfgLo txsf] clwsf/ If]q leqsf ljifodf ljwflosL,sfo{sfl/0fL / Goflos clwsf/sf] k|of]u ug]{ k|fjwfg /xg pko'Qm x'g] b]lvG5 .#=$= ljz]if ;+/rgf ;DaGwL Joj:yfcfjZostf k/]sf 7fpFdf hftLo÷eflifs÷;d'bfout ;3g pkl:yltsf] If]q jf ljz]if k|s[ltsf]ef}uf]lns If]qnfO{ ax'n jf Psn ;fF:s[lts ljz]iftf ;lxtsf] :jfoQ If]q÷;+/lIft If]q÷ljz]ifIf]q lgdf{0f ug{ k|b]zsf] l;kmfl/;df ;+3Lo ;/sf/sf] k|:tfj adf]lhd ;+3Lo Joj:yflksfsf]lg0f{oåf/f ug{ ;lsg] ;+j}wflgs k|fjwfg /xg] .dfly pNn]v ul/Psf If]qx?sf] kl/efiff jf ljz]iftfx? lgDgfg';f/ sfod u/L ;+ljwfg /k|fb]lzs sfg"gdf /flvg] 5 .:jfoQ If]q – s'g} k|b]z leq Ps hflt jf eflifs÷;d'bfosf] afx'No ePsf] jf ;3g pkl:yltsf]cj:yf /x]sf] If]qnfO{ :jfoQ If]q 3f]if0ff ug{ ;lsG5 . To:tf] :jfoQ If]qdf Pslgjf{lrt kl/ifb /xg] / ;f] kl/ifbn] ;+ljwfgdf ;"rLs[t clwsf/ leq /xLljwflosL, sfo{sfl/0fL / Goflos clwsf/sf] k|of]u ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf /xg' pko'Qmx'g] b]lvG5 . o;/L 3f]if0ff x'g] :jfoQ If]qsf] gfdfjnL ;+ljwfgsf] cg';"rL @ dfpNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 . cg';"rLdf pNn]lvt :jfoQ If]qsf] cnfjf s'g} k|b]zleq gofF :jfoQ If]q :yfkgf ug'{ kg]{ ePdf jf :yfkgf ePsf :jfoQ If]qx?sf]gfd kl/jt{g ug'{ k/]df ;DalGwt k|fb]lzs Joj:yflksfsf] l;kmfl/;df ;+3LoJoj:yflksfsf] b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtn] cg'df]bg u/fpg' kg]{ Joj:yf /xg' pko'Qmx'G5 .;+/lIft If]q — k|b]z leq clt cNk;+Vos ¿kdf /x]sf hflt, ;d'bfo, ;f+:s[lts If]q, nf]kf]Gd'v /;LdfGts[t hfltx?sf] ;+/If0f / ;+j4{g ug{ :yfkgf ul/g] If]qnfO{ ;+/lIft If]qdfGg] / To:tf] If]qsf] ;LdfÍg gfds/0f / clwsf/ If]q k|fb]lzs ;/sf/n]sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f ug]{ Joj:yf k|:tfljt ul/Psf] 5 .ljz]if If]q — :jfoQ If]q / ;+/lIft If]qn] g;d]6]sf], ;DalGwt k|b]z leq lkl58Psf,] cfly{s /;fdflhs cj:yfaf6 k5fl8 kfl/Psf] If]qsf] ljsf; ug{ :yfkgf ul/g] ef}uf]lnsIf]qnfO{ ljz]if If]q dfGg] To:tf] If]qsf] ;LdfÍg, gfds/0f / clwsf/ If]q k|fb]lzs;/sf/n] sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f ug]{ Joj:yf k|:tfljt ul/Psf] 5 .#=%= cGo Joj:yftLg} txnfO{ ;+ljwfgsf] k|fjwfg cg';f/ ;/sf/sf ¿kdf Joj:yf ug]{ .17

:yfgLo txsf] clwsf/sf] ;"rL ;+ljwfgdf /fVg] t/ ;+Vof / ;+/rgf ef}uf]lns cg's"ntf /cj:yf x]/L ;DalGwt k|fb]lzs sfg"gn] Joj:yf ug]{ .ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsfsf] cfsf/ / clwsf/df j[l4 ub}{ lhNnfn] xfn ub}{ cfPsf sfdufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsfn] ug]{ .ufpF / gu/n] xfn ub}{ cfPsf sfd ltgsf PsfO -gofF gfd k|:tfljt ug{ ;lsg]_ jf j8fn]ug]{ .18

kl/R5]b – rf/$= ;+3Lo PsfOx?sf] If]q lgwf{/0f ug]{ l;4fGt tyf cfwf/x?$=!= If]q lgwf{/0fsf l;4fGt / cfwf/x?$=!=!= l;4fGtx?;+3Lo Joj:yfdf hgtfdf lglxt ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] k|of]u PseGbf a9L lgsfojf6 x'G5 /Tof] k|Tofof]lht clwsf/sf] ¿kdf ge} ;+ljwfgdf ePsf] Joj:yf cg'?k x'g] ub{5 . ;+3LotfnfO{;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] ljeflht :j?ksf ¿kdf lng] ul/G5 .;+3Lo /fHodf ;fj{ef}d;Qf hgtfdf lglxt /x] klg To;sf] k|of]u ;+ljwfgdf ul/Psf]Joj:yf cg'?k JolQm, ;+:yf / ;d'xjf6 x'G5 . ;+3Lo Joj:yfdf gful/sn] cfk"mdf lglxt;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] k|of]u cg]sf} :j¿kdf k|ToIf jf k/f]If ¿kdf ug{ kfp5g\ .;+3Lo /fHo ljleGg k|fb]lzs PsfOdf ljeQm x'G5 . k|To]s k|fb]lzs PsfOx?sf] cfˆg}ljlzi6 klxrfg, :jfoQtf / :jzf;g x'G5 . ;+3Lo /fHodf To:tf k|b]zsf] ;dfg jf ;dfg'kflts;fem]bf/L sfod ul/Psf] x'G5 . o;/L g} k|b]z / :yfgLo lgsfosf jLrdf klg ;+ljwfgtM ;dfgjf ;dfg'kflts ;fem]bf/L sfod x'G5 .cg]stfdf Pstf g]kfnsf] ;+3 /fHosf] ljz]iftf /xg] 5 . cfGtl/s ¿kdf leGg leGgklxrfgn] o'Qm ;d'bfox? ljljwtfdf /fli6«o Pstf sfod x'g] u/L afXo ¿kdf Pp6} ;femfklxrfg xfdL g]kfnLsf ¿kdf lrlGxt x'g]5f}+ . ef}uf]lns ¿kdf Ps /x]sf] g]kfnnfO{ dgf]j}1flgs¿kdf ;d]t Ps agfpg' / ;jn / ;d[4 /fi6«sf ¿kdf g]kfnsf] lgdf{0f ug'{ ;+3Lo Joj:yfsf]p2]Zo x'g]5 .g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df xfdLx? PsfTds /fHosf] k'g;+{/rgf u/L k|b]z jf ;+3Lo PsfOsf]lgdf{0f ug{ nflu /x]sf 5f} . o; ;Gbe{df ;+3Lo k|0ffnL canDag ug]{ b]zx?sf] af/]df pNn]v ug{;fGble{s x'G5 . ljZjdf ;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnL ckgfPsf b]zx? / tL b]zx?sf] ;+3Lo PsfOsf];+Vof o; k|sf/ /x]sf] 5 .;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnL ckgfPsf b]zx?l;=g+= b]zx? ;+3Lo PsfOx?sf] ;Vof ;+3Lotfdf k|j]z u/]sf] ldlt1. ch]{l6gf @# k|fGt / ! :jfoQ zx/2. c:6]«lnof ^ /fHo, @ d'Vo / cGo s]xL e"–If]q3. cl:6«of !) /fHo !(%%4. kk'jf Go"lugL !* k|fGt / ! :jfoQ If]q5. a]lNhod # If]q / # eflifs ;d'bfo !((#6. af]l:gof – xh{uflegf @ d'Vo PsfO / !) SofG6g7. a|flhn @^ /fHo / ! ;+3Lo lhNnf !*(!8. Sofg8f !) k|fGt / # e"–If]q !*^&9. sf]df]/; # /fHo10. Olyof]lkof ( k|b]z / # rf6{8{ zx/ !((%11. hd{gL !^ Nof08/ !($%12. ef/t @* /fHo / & s]Gb|Lo k|b]z !($&13. a]nfp !^ /fHo14. dn]l;of ( ;'N6g]6, @ /fHo / @ ;+3Lo If]q !($*19

15. d]lS;sf] #! /fHo !(%&16. dfOs|f]g]l;of $ /fHo17. gfOh]l/of z'?df # xfn cfP/ #^ hftLo /fHo !(^#18. kfls:tfg $ k|fGt !($&19. ?; @! k|fGt / & If]q !((#20. blIf0f clk|msf ( k|fGt !(()21. :k]g !& k|fGt / @ s]Gb| zfl;t /fHo !(&&22. ;]G6 ls6\; / g]le; !$ /fHo23. ;'8fg @^ k|fGt !((!24. :jL6h/Nof08 @^ SofG6g !@(!25. ;+o'Qm c/j O{ld/]6; & O{ld/]6; !*$*26. ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf %) /fHo !&*&÷!(*(27. e]g]h'onf @# /fHo !&*&28. O/fs !* /fHo;+3Lo /fHoJoj:yf ePsf d'n'sx? dWo] lgDg b]zx?n] ;+3Lo zf;g Joj:yf lbuf]agfpg g;ls PsfTds zf;g k|0ffnL canDag u/]sf] b]lvG5 Ms|=;+= b]zsf] gfd ;+3 ag]sf]20ldlt -;gdf_!= r]sf]:nf]eflsof !(^( !((#@= ;f];ln:6 l/klAns ckm o'uf]:nf]leof !($% !((@#= Sofd?g !(^! !(&@$= o'ufG8f !(^# !(^^PsfTds ePsf]ldlt -;gdf_o;}u/L kl5Nnf] ;dodf PsfTds zf;g k|0ffnLaf6 ;+3Lo k|0ffnL ckgfpg] b]zx?dfcl:6«of -!(%%_, :k]g -!(&&_, ;'8fg -!(&&_, gfOh]l/of -!(^#_, a]lNhod -!((#_, Olyof]lkof -!((%_ /x]sf 5g\ . ;+3fTds ;+/rgfsf jfjh'b klg ;'8fgdf cfGtl/s ;+3if{ hf/L /x]sf] 5 eg]gfOh]l/ofdf $% jif{sf] ;+3Lo Oltxf;df /fHosf] ;+Vof # af6 #^ hftLo /fHo x'g k'u]sf] 5 ./fHosf] ;+Vof hghfltsf] dfu cg';f/ a9\b} uPsf] 5 . ;+ejtM o;}n] ubf{ gfOh]l/ofnfO{ c;kmn;+3Lo b]zsf] ¿kdf lng] ul/G5 . o; k|sf/ ;+3Lo /fHo Joj:yf ePsf d'n'sn] PsfTds /fHosf/ PsfTds /fHo Joj:yf ePsf d'n'sx?n] ;+3Lo /fHosf ljz]iftfnfO{ cfTd;ft ub}{ cl3al9/x]sf] cj:yf 5 . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df ;+3Lo /fHo lgdf{0f ubf{ xfdLn] pk/f]Qm ;a} kIfnfO{ Wofglbg' :jefljs g} x'g]5 .$=!=@= cfwf/x?g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df xfn;Dd sfod /x]sf] PsfTds /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf u/L ;+3Lo zf;gk|0ffnLdf ¿kfGt/0f ug{ nflu /x]sf 5f}+ . g]kfnnfO{ PsfTds /fHojf6 ;+3Lo /fHodf ¿kfGt/0fug]{ ;Gbe{df ;+3Lo PsfO lgdf{0fsf] cfwf/ klxrfg ug]{ jf lgwf{/0f ug]{ eGg] s'/f lgs} dxTjk"0f{ljifo xf] . o; ;Gbe{df rln/x]sf] 5nkmn / ax;df lgs} w]/} ljljwtf kfOG5 . t/ klg To;sfljz]iftfx?nfO{ cfwf/ jgfpbf ;+3Lo PsfOsf] lgdf{0fsf] cfwf/sf ¿kdf klxrfg / ;fdYo{nfO{Wofg lbg' kg]{ x'G5 . To; dWo] klg klxrfgnfO{ k|fylds cfwf/sf ¿kdf lng' pko'Qm x'G5 .

$=!=@=!= klxrfgsf cfwf/;+3Lo PsfO lgdf{0fsf] dxTjk"0f{ cfwf/ klxrfgnfO{ agfO /xbf s'g s'g klxrfgnfO{cfwf/sf ¿kdf lng] eGg] s'/f cfkm}df sl7g ljifo xf] . g]kfnL ;dfhdf klg Pp6} JolQmsfcg]s klxrfgx? 5g\ . juL{o, ;fdflhs, /fhgLlts, ;f+:s[lts, eflifs, ;fd'bflos, k]zfut,n}+lus, If]qut h:tf cg]s klxrfgx? g]kfnL ;dfhdf k|rngdf /x]sf 5g\ . To;dWo] ;+3LoPsfO lgdf{0fsf ;Gbe{df k|d'v k|ltlglw d"ns klxrfg / cj:yfsf ¿kdf lgDg s'/fnfO{ lng;lsG5M .• hftLo÷;d'bfout• eflifs• ;fF:s[lts• ef}uf]lns÷If]qut lg/Gt/tf• P]ltxfl;s lg/Gt/tf$=!=@=@= ;fdYo{sf cfwf/;+3Lo PsfOx? lgdf{0f u/L /xbf To:tf PsfOx?sf] :jfoQtf / :jzf;g, cfly{s–ef}ltsPj+ cGo ;|f]t ;fwgsf b[li6n] ;jn / ;Ifd /xg ;s'g\ eGg] s'/fnfO{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ x'G5 .klxrfgdf cfwfl/t k|To]s ;d'bfox? ;dfg ¿kdf :jfoQtf / :jzf;gsf] k|of]u ug{ ;Sg]cj:yfdf 5}gg\ . o:tf] l:yltdf ;+3Lo PsfO lgdf{0f ubf{ klxrfgsf cltl/Qm cGo cfwf/x?nfO{Tolts} dxTjsf ;fy lng' cfjZos x'g]5 . ;+3Lo PsfOx?nfO{ ;jn / ;Ifd jgfpg] xf] eg]klxrfgsf ;fy} lgDg cfwf/x?df Wofg lbg' h?/L x'g]5M• cfly{s cGt/;DjGw / ;fdYo{• k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf] cj:yf / ;Defjgf• k|fs[lts ;fwg / ;|f]tsf] pknJwtf• Kf|zf;lgs ;'udtf$=@= cfh;Ddsf k|of]u / b[i6fGtx?;+3Lo /fHo lgdf{0fsf] k|ls|of / ;+3Lo zf;gsf] rl/qsf b[li6n] ;+3Lo d'n'sx?nfO{ tLgefudf ljeQm ug{ ;lsG5 .klxnf], ;fj{ef+}d PsfOx¿ :j]lR5s ?kn] ldn]/ ag]sf (Coming together) of hf]l8P/(Aggregation) ag]sf ;+3Lo d'n'sx? . ?;, ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf, :jL6\h/Nof08, / ci6«]lnof cflb;+3Lo d'n'sx? o; sf]6Ldf kb{5g\ . o; k|s[ltsf ;+3Lo /fHosf] PsfOx? klxn] g} lglZrt h:t}x'G5g\ . o:tf ;+3Lo /fHosf] lgdf{0fsf ;Gbe{df ;+wLo PsfOdf ¿kfGtl/t ePsf k"j{ :jtGqb]zx?n] cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ k|foM ;}4flGts ¿kn] :yflkt u/]sf x'G5g\ . o:tf ;+3Lo /fHodf;+3Lo PsfO aGg rfxg] :jtGq /fHox?sf jLrsf] ;Demf}tf cg'¿k ;+3Lo ;/sf/nfO{ clwsf/ k|fKtx'g] x'bfF k|b]zx?nfO{ pRrtxsf] :jzf;g jf :jfoQtfsf] clwsf/ sfod /flvPsf] x'G5 .bf];|f], ljlgdf{0f (De-aggregation) af6 ag]sf ;+3Lo d'n'sx? cyf{t PsfTds /fHosf] 9fFrfnfO{abnL ;+3Lo 9fFrfdf kl/jlt{t ePsf d'n'sx¿ . hd{gL, Olyof]lkof, gfOh]l/of, a]lNhod, :k]g cflbd'n'sx? o; sf]6Ldf kb{5g\ . o;/L jg]sf ;+3Lo /fHodf ;+3Lo PsfOx?sf] lgwf{/0f, ;Ldf+sg /gfdf+sg ;xdlt / ;+emf}tfsf cfwf/df ul/G5 . o;/L jg]sf ;+3/fHonfO{ cfk;df hf]l8P/ jg]sf(Holding together) ;+3Lo /fHo eGg] ul/G5 . o;/L jg]sf] ;+3Lo d'n'sx?df :jfoQtf / :jzf;gsf]d'2f k|d'v ag]sf] kfOG5 .t];|f], ldl>t k|s[ltsf ;+3Lo d'n'sx? . dflysf b'a} ljz]iftfjf6 ag]sf ;+3Lo /fHox¿ h;n]PsfTds /fHosf sltko ljz]iftfnfO{ u|x0f u/]sf x'G5g\ o; sf]6Ldf kb{5g\ . pbfx/0fsf] nfluSofgf8f / ef/t . ldl>t k|s[ltsf] ;+3 /fHodf s]Gb|sf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ /x]sf] x'G5 / cjlzi621

clwsf/ ;d]t s]Gb|df g} lglxt /xG5 . o; sf]6Lsf ;+3Lo /fHox¿ cw{ ;+3Lo of ;+3Lo tTj /lgIf]k0fsf laz]iftfx¿sf] ld>0fjf6 ag]sf x'G5g\ .g]kfndf ;+3Lo /fHosf] :j?k s:tf] x'g] xf] eGg] af/]df lgSof}{n ug'{ kbf{ of] bf];|f] lsl;dsf]x'g] s'/f :jtM l;4 5 . lsgsL xfdL g]kfndf PsfTds /fHosf] ljlgdf{0f jf k'g;+/rgfjf6 ;+3Lo/fHosf] lgdf{0f ug{ uO/x]sf 5f} .$=#= If]q lgwf{/0f ;DjGwdf /fhgLlts bnsf] wf/0ff/fhgLlts bnsf wf/0ffx? cg';"rL - 10 df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .$=$= If]q lgwf{/0fsf ;Gbe{df g]kfnL ljåfg\x?sf] wf/0ffo; ;Gbe{df ljleGg ljåfgx?sf k|ltlglw d"ns ljrf/x?nfO{ cg';"rL - 11 df pNn]v ul/Psf]5 .$=%= ax'ntfM g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ljlzi6 cj:yfg]kfn ax'hflto÷ax'/fli6«o, ax'eflifs, ax';f“:s[lts, ax'wfld{s / ef}uf]lns ljljwtfo'Qmd'n's xf] . oxf“ pb\udsf] lx;fjn] cfo{, d+uf]n, cfli6«s / b|lj8 u/L rf/ gZn ;d'xsf hftLo;d'xx¿ b]zsf ljleGg efudf a;f]af; ub{5g\ . efiffut lx;fjn] oxf“ ef/f]k]nL, ef]6 jd]{nL,cfli6«s / b«lj8 u/L rf/efiff kl/jf/sf (@ j6f efiff / af]nLx¿sf] klxrfg ul/Psf] 5 . wfld{slx;fjn] oxf“ lxGb', af}4, O:nfd, ls/ft, h}g, lzv nufot bz j6f wd{ k|rngdf 5g\ . e"agf}6sflx;fjn] g]kfn lxdfn, kxf8, pkTosf, r'/], lelq dw]z / t/fO{–dw]zdf ljeQm 5 . gbL k|0ffnLsflx;fjn] klg k|d'v tLg gbLsf cltl/Qm cg]sg :jtGq hnfwf/ If]qdf ljeQm 5 . oL ;a}sf] k|efjoxf“sf hft, ;d'bfo, hghfltx¿sf] hLjgz}nL, /xg;xg, e]ife'iff, pTkfbg k4lt, ;f“:s[lts ;Dkbfnufot ljljw kIFx¿df ;d]t k/]sf] 5 . oxf“sf ljleGg hft, hghfltx¿df nfdf] ;dob]lv k/:k/;DjGw / cGt/3'ngsf] k|lqmofn] Ps csf{sf] af]nL, /Llt–l/jfh, wd{ / ;“:s[ltdf pNn]Vo k|efjkf/]sf] 5 . To;sf jfjh'b klg hftLo, eflifs, ;f“:s[lts, wfld{s lx;fjn] ljlwwtfsf] ljlzi6cj:yf 5 . xhf/f}+ jif{sf] ;+3if{ / ;lDdngåf/f lgdf{0f ePsf] o; k|sf/sf] ljlzi6 klxrfg g]kfn /g]kfnL hgtfsf ;DklQ x'g\ . /fHosf] k'g;+/rgf / ;+3Lo Joj:yfsf] lgdf{0fubf{ xfdLn] pk/f]Qmljz]iftfnfO{ ulx/f] u/L cWoog ug' { kg]{ x'G5 .$=%=!= hg;+flVos cj:yf;g\ @))! sf] /fli6«o hgu0fgf cg';f/ oxfsf] s'n hg;+Vof @ s/f]8 #! Nffv / j[l4b/@=% k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . pQm hg;+Vof em08} $@ nfv kl/jf/, !)! hft÷hflt, rf/ k|sf/sfgZn, (@ y/L efiff÷efifL / bz k|sf/sf wdf{jnDaLx?df ljeQm /x]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] hg;fFlVosl:yltnfO{ ljZn]if0f ubf{ lxdfnL If]q / pRr kxf8L If]qsf] hg3gTj sd, t/fO{ dw]; / zx/LIf]qdf hg3gTj Hofbf /x]sf] cj:yf 5 . hg3gTj sd ePsf 7fpFdf lglZrt hfltsf] jr{Zjsf]cj:yf 5 eg] hg3gTj Hofbf ePsf 7fpFdf ldl>t cj:yf 5 .o;/L g} g]kfndf s]xL hfthflt / ;d'bfox? 5l/P/ a;]sf] / s]xL hfthflt / ;d'bfox?lglZrt ef}uf]lns If]qdf s]lGb|t eP/ j;]sf] cj:yf 5 . Zfx/Ls/0f / cfw'lgsLs/0f;+u} lglZrte"efudf s]lGb|t /x]sf] ;d'bfo ;d]t qmdzM d"nynf] eGbf jflx/ lj:tfl/t x'b} uPsf] b]lvG5 .cfd ¿kdf hxfF hghfltx?sf] j;f]jf; jfSnf] 5, Toxf blntx?sf] ;+Vof kftnf] 5 . hxfdw];L ;d'bfosf] jfSnf] pkl:ylt 5, Toxf kxf8L hfltsf] j;fO;/fO klg sd 5 . ;fdGtLpTkfbg ;DjGwsf] ljsf; ePsf 7fpdf hghfltx? ;d]t juL{o ?kn] ljeQm ePsf] kfOG5 .blnt ;d'bfosf] 7"nf] lx:;f ;fdflhs ¿kn] dfq xf]Og juL{o ?kn] ;d]t pTkL8gsf] lzsf/ePsf] b]lvG5 .pk/f]Qm tYosf cfwf/df g]kfndf ljBdfg hftLo e]befj / pTkL8gsf] k|Zg ;txdf;fdflhs lje]bsf] k|Zgsf ¿kdf b]lvP klg Tof] juL{o, If]qLo / ;fd'bflos pTkL8gsf] k|Zg xf] .o;/L ljeQm ;j} hflt, ;d'bfo, ju{ / If]qdf n}Flus lje]bsf] ;d:of /x]sf] / To;jf6 d"ntMdlxnfx? g} kLl8t eO/x]sf] cj:yf 5 .22

$=%=@= hft÷hfltut cj:yfsltko sldsdhf]/Lx? /x]tfklg xfdL;Fu pknAw g]kfnsf] kl5Nnf] hgu0fgf cg';f/g]kfndf klxrfg ul/Psf hfthfltsf] ;+Vof !)! /x]sf] 5 . hftLo klxrfgsf] d'b\bf cl3cfpg]qmd ;+u} g]kfndf hfthfltsf] ;+Vof a9\b} uPsf] 5 . g]kfndf b;nfv eGbf dflysf]hg;+Vof ePsf hfthftLo ;d'xx?sf] ;+Vof ^ /x]sf] 5 / To;n] s'n hg;+Vofsf] %#=% k|ltztefu cf]u6]sf] 5 . Ps k|ltzt eGbf dflysf] hg;+Vof ePsf hfthfltx?sf] ;+Vof !* /x]sf] 5 .Psnfv eGbf dflysf] hg;+Vof ePsf #! hfthfltn] s'n hg;+Vofsf] em08} () k|ltzt efucf]u6]sf 5g\ . afFsL ^( hfthfltn] *=* k|ltzt dfq lx:;f cf]u6]sf] 5 . hfthfltuthg;+Vofsf] l:ylt cg';"rL - 12 df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .$=%=#= eflifs cj:yfg]kfn eflifs b[li6n] lgs} ljljwtf o'Qm /x]sf] 5 . oxf ef/f]k]nL, ef]6jd]{nL,b|lj8 / cfUg]o-cfli6«s_ kl/jf/sf rf/ bh{g eGbf a9L dft[efiffx? /x]sf 5g\ . hfltut;lDdngsf] cj:yf / ef}uf]lns ljlzi6tfsf sf/0fn] ;d]t cg]sf} eflifsfx? k|rngdf /x]sf 5g\ .;g\ @))! sf] hgu0fgfdf g]kfndf (@ j6f efiff / eflifsfx¿ dft[efiffsf ¿kdf klxrfgul/Psf 5g\ . ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] efiffsf ¿kdf k|rngdf /xb} cfPsf] g]kfnL efiffnfO{dft[efiffsf] ¿kdf k|of]u ug]{x¿sf] ;+Vof ;d]t k"0f{ ax'dtdf b]lv+b}g .oBlk g]kfndf eflifs ;d'bfosf] ljt/0fsf] cj:yf hftLo ljt/0fsf] eGbf lgs}km/s 5 . $( lhNnfdf g]kfnL efiffnfO{ dft[efiffsf] ¿kdf k|of]u ug]{x?sf] ax'dt 5 eg] ^lhNnfdf g]kfnL efiffnfO{ dft[efiff dfGg]x?sf] afx'No /x]sf] 5 . k"jL{ t/fO{ dw];sf ^ lhNnfdfd}lynL efiffnfO{ dft[efiffsf] ¿kdf k|of]u ug]{x?sf] afx'No 5 . To;dWo] % lhNnfdf ax'dt /x]sf]cj:yf 5 . ef]hk'/Lsf] # lhNnfdf ax'dt /x]sf] 5 . o;/L g} cjlw, tfdfª / lnDj'sf] @–@lhNnfdf / yf?, g]jf/L, u'?ª, jlHhsf, ef]6] / z]kf{sf] !–! lhNnfdf jfx'No 5 . g]kfnL afx]ssfefiffx?sf] @) lhNnfdf afx'No 5 / !# lhNnfdf k"0f{ afx'No cyf{t\ ax'dt /x]sf] 5 .dft[efiffsf ¿kdf k|rngdf /x]sf cGo efiffx¿df d}lynL, ef]hk'/L, yf¿ -8u'/f÷/fgf_, tfdfª, g]jf/L, du/, cjlw, afGtjf, u'¿ª, jlHhsf, pb'{, /fhj+zL, z]kf{, lnDj" /lxGbL efiff pNn]Vo /x]sf 5g\ . h;nfO{ dft[efiffsf] ¿kdf k|of]u ug]{x¿sf] ;+Vof ! nfv eGbfdfly /x]sf] 5 . eflifs ljsf;sf b[li6n] o; dWo]sf sltko efiffx¿ lgs} ;d[4 ;d]t dflgG5g\ .g]kfnL efiff / g]kfndf k|rlnt cGo ;a} dft[efiffnfO{ /fi6« efiffsf ¿kdf dfGg] ;+j}wflgsJoj:yf /x]sf] 5 . /fli6«o efiffsf] ¿kdf :jLsf/ ul/Psf efiffx¿sf] sfg"gL / Jojxfl/s x}l;ot;d]t clxn];Dd :ki6 x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . Ps k|sf/n] eGg] xf] eg] u}/ g]kfnL efifLx¿n] cfkm\gf]efiffdfly cGofo ePsf] / g]kfnL efiffnfO{ hjh{:tL cfk"mdfly nflbPsf] cg'e'lt ug'{ kl//x]sf] 5 .efiffut l:ylt cg';"rL - 13 df lbOPsf] 5 .$=%=$= wfld{s cj:yflxGb' wdf{jnDaLx?sf] ax';+Vof /x]sf] eP klg g]kfn ax'wfld{s / ax';f+:s[lts d'n's xf] .. ;g\ @))! sf] hgu0fgfsf cfwf/df g]kfndf lxGb' wd{df cf:yf /fVg]x¿ *)=^ k|ltzt, a'4wd{df cf:yf /fVg]x¿ !)=& k|ltzt, O:nfd / ls/ft wd{df cf:yf /fVg] x¿sf] ;+Vof qmdzM $=@/ #=^ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . lxGb' wd{leq /flvPsf sltko ;d"x / tL ;d"xsf sltko JolQmx¿n]cfkm\gf] ;d'bfo k|frLgsfn b]lvg} u}/ lxGb' wd{df cf:yf /fVb} cfPsf] / /fHon] hjh{:tL ¿kdfcfkm\gf] hflt / ;d'bfonfO{ lxGb's/0f ul/Psf] atfpg] u/]sf 5g\ . ljleGg hghfltx¿df lxGb'wd{;+:s[ltsf] eGbf cfˆg} lsl;dsf] k|fs[t wd{sf] k|efj /x]sf] 5 . To;/L g} lxGb', af}4 / cGok|fs[t wd{sf pkf;sx¿df Ps csf]{ wd{k|lt ;sf/fTds ;b\efj /fVg] / ;a} k|sf/sf wfld{slqmofsnfkdf ;+nUg x'g] k|j[lQ ;d]t /x]sf] 5 . k|fs[t wd{sf pkf;s / ax'wd{sf] k|efjdfk/]sfx¿sf] ;xL klxrfg klg ;d:ofs} ljifo /x]sf] x'g' kb{5 . cfk"mnfO{ s'g} klg wd{df g/fVg] jflg/k]If /xg]x¿sf] ;+Vof klg lbg k|ltlbg a9\b} uPsf] 5 .23

$=%=%= ;f+:s[lts klxrfgg]kfn ax';f+:s[lts klxrfg af]s]sf] d'n's xf] . oxfF ljleGg hfthfltsf cfˆg} vfn];f+:s[lts klxrfg / k/Dk/f /x]sf 5g\ . To; cltl/Qm ljleGg ef}uf]lns If]qdf a;f]af; ug]{ljleGg hftLo ;d"xsf] cfk;L ;lDdngjf6 ;femf ;f+:s[lts k/Dk/f / klxrfgsf] ljsf; ePsf]5 . o;/L g]kfndf hftLo cfwf/ dfq xf]Og ef}uf]lns If]qdf cfwfl/t ;f+:s[lts k/Dk/f /klxrfgx? klg ljsf; ePsf 5g\ . ;+3Lo ;+/rgf cg]stfsf jLr Pstfsf] cfwf/ lgdf{0f ug{nflu/x]sf] j]nfdf xfdLn] pk/f]Qm ljz]iftfnfO{ ulx/f] u/L cfTd;ft ug{ ;Sg' kb{5 .Pp6} ;d'bfosf] dflg;x? leGg leGg ef}uf]lns If]qdf cGo ;d'bfosf dflg;x?;+u3'nldn eP/ a:g] cGthf{lto kl/jf/x?sf] lgdf{0f x'g] qmddf cf–cfˆgf ;fF:s[lts d'No /dfGotfdf Jofks ld>0f / tbg'¿k kl/jt{g u/]sf] kfOG5 . s0ff{nLsf] v; ;+:s[lt, sf7df08f}sf]g]jf/ ;+:s[lt, dWo t/fO{sf] ldlynf ;+:s[lt, ;'b'/ klZrdsf] ;+:s[ltsf] k|efj cGo ;d'bfosfdflg;x?df ;d]t ulx/f] u/L lj:tf/ x'Fb} uPsf] kfOG5 . o;/L g]kfnsf] cg]s e"–If]qdf ljleGghfltx¿sf] cfk;L ;lDdngsf cfwf/df leGg ;f+:s[lts ljz]iftf af]s]sf cg]sf}+ ;f+:s[lts ;d"x /If]qx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf ubf{ / ;+3Lo zf;gsf] :j?k / ;+/rgf to ubf{ xfdLn]g]kfnL ;dfhdf ulx/f] k|efj 5f]8\g ;kmn o; k|sf/sf ;f+:s[lts ljz]iftfx?nfO{ cfTd;ft ug{;Sg' kb{5 .$=%=^= ef}uf]lns cj:yfg]kfn e"–cjl:yltsf lx;fjn] lxdfn, kxf8 / t/fO{÷dw]zdf ljeQm 5 . lxdfn, kxf8 /t/fO{÷dw]zsf ¿kdf /x]sf] ef}uf]lns cjl:ylt k"j{ / klZrddf km}lnPsf] 5 . lxdfnL k|b]z klgl;dfjtL{ lxdfn (Trans Himalyan Range), ef]6j]zL (Trans Himalyan Valley) / d'Vo lxdfno (MainHimalya), kxf8L k|b]z klg dWo e"ld, dxfef/t, lelq dw]; / r'/] kj{t tyf t/fO{ k|b]z klgefj/ / t/fO{ d}bfgsf] ¿kdf ljeflht 5 . t/fO{ r'/]kj{t >[+vnfn] lrtjg / bfËdf vl08t u/]sf]5 . o;/L ag]sf] e"–agf]6df lxdfnL If]qn] b]zsf] Ps ltxfO{ e"–efu-#%k|ltzt_ cf]u6]sf] 5 .o;df @ k|ltzt e"–efu dfq v]tL of]Uo /x]sf] 5 . kxf8L If]q g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf km}lnPsf] If]q xf]. o;n] d'n'ssf] $@ k|ltzt e"–efu cf]u6]sf] 5 . o; If]qsf] bz efudf Ps efu hdLg v]tLof]Uo /x]sf] 5 . t/fO{ If]qn] d'n'ssf] @# k|ltzt e"–efu cf]u6]sf] 5 / oxf“sf] s'n hdLgsf] $@k|ltzt efu v]tLof]Uo /x]sf] 5 . !(# lsnf] ld6/sf] pQ/ blIf0fsf] e"–If]qdf cToGt xf]rf] e"–If]qs]rgf b]lv lnP/ ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf cUnf] ;u/dfyf;Dd cjl:yt /x]sf] 5 . o; k|sf/sf] ;fgf] e"–cjl:yltdf oxf“ Ps} ;dodf tLg k|sf/sf] hnjfo' kfOG5 .k[ys\ k[ys\ dfgj ;Eotfsf] ;+udljGb'sf ¿kdf /x]sf sf/0fn] ubf{ g]kfnsf] e"–cjl:yltn] cg]sf+} k|sf/sf ;fdflhs / ;f“:s[lts ljz]iftfnfO{ cfk"mleq ;d]6\g ;s]sf] b]lvG5 .clxn] oftfoft, ;"rgf / ;+rf/sf] ljsf;n] Ps If]q;+u csf]{ If]qnfO{ hf]8\g] cfwf/x¿ tof/ ePklg hg;+Vofsf] lgs} 7"nf] lx:;f cem} klg k/Dk/fut ef}uf]lns If]q;+u cfj4 g} /x]sf] b]lvG5 .g]kfnsf] o; k|sf/sf] ljlzi6 e"–cjl:yltn] oxf“sf] cfly{s–;fdflhs ljsf;sf cg]sf}+ kIfx¿dfulx/f] k|efj kfb}{ cfPsf] 5 / kl5;Dd klg ulx/f] k|efj kfl//xg] 5 .$=%=&= hnfwf/ If]q / hnjfo'g]kfnsf] e"jgf]6sf] sf/0fn] oxfFsf gbLx? k|fo pQ/jf6 blIf0flt/ aUg] ub{5g\ . pQ/–blIf0f eP/ aUg] 7"nf ;fgf gbLx?n] cfkm\g} k|sf/sf] cnu ef}uf]lns If]qsf] lgdf{0f u/]sf 5g\ .g]kfnsf tLg k|d'v gbLx?n] g]kfnnfO{ tLg efudf ljeQm u/]sf 5g\ . k"j{df sf]zL, dWodfu08sL / klZrddf s0ff{nL gbLx?sf km}lnPsf hnfwf/ If]q /x]sf 5g\ . log} gbLx?sf km}lnPsfhnfwf/ If]qsf cfwf/df klg g]kfnnfO{ k"j{, klZrd / dWodf ljeQmug]{ rng lgs} k'/fgf] xf] .o; jfx]s k"j{df d]rL, dWodf jfUdtL / klZrdf /fKtL / dxfsfnLsf klg cfkm\gf] :jtGq hnfwf/If]q/x]sf 5g\ .5g\ .o;}u/L dxfef/t / r'/] /]~hjf6 lg:sg] gbLx?n] klg cfˆg} hnfwf/ If]q sfod u/]sf24

;fgf] e"If]qdf /x]sf] hl6n / ljljwtfk"0f{ e"cjl:ylt / tLj|k|jfx ePsf gbLx?n] g]kfnLa;f]af; k|0ffnLsf] lgdf{0fdf ulx/f] k|efj 5f]8]sf 5g\ . g]kfnsf] Oltxf;, ;Eotf / ;+:s[ltsf]ljsf;;+u g]kfnsf k|d'v gbLx? / gbL k|0ffnLsf] ulx/f] k|efj /x]sf] 5 .xfjfkfgLsf] b[li6n] klg g]kfnsf ltg} If]qdf ljljwtf kfpg ;lsG5 . lxdfnL If]q lr;f],kxf8L If]q Gofgf] / t/fO{–dw]z If]q udL{ k|b]zsf ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 . ef}uf]lns cjl:ylt /xfjfkfgLsf] ljifdtfn] ;fdflhs l/ltl/jfh, e]if–e'iff / /xg ;xgdf ulx/f] k|efj kf/]sf] 5 .$=^= If]q lgwf{/0fsf r'gf}tLx?;+3Lo PsfOsf ¿kdf ljleGg JolQm,;+:yf jf /fhgLlts bnx?sf tkm{jf6 k|:tfljt ul/Psfk|:tfjx?sf] cWoogubf{ If]q lgwf{/0fsf ;Gbe{df u+eL/ k|s[ltsf c;xdltx? /x]sf] kfOG5 . ;+3LoPsfOsf] If]q lgwf{/0fdf ljBdfg /x]sf r'gf}tLx?nfO{ lgDg ¿kdf pNn]v ug{ ;lsG5M$=^=!= s'g} Pp6f k|b]znfO{ csf]{ k|b]zn] 3]g]{ cj:yfMs'g} Pp6f k|b]znfO{ s'g} csf]{ k|b]zn] rf/}lt/jf6 3]/]sf] cj:yf :jfoQtf / :jzf;gsfb[li6n] k|lts"n cj:yf xf] . PsfTds /fHojf6 ;+3Lo /fHosf] ljlgdf{0f ul//x]sf] cj:yfdf To;k|sf/sf] l:ylt cfpg lbg' x'b}g . s'g} klg k|b]zsf] ;Ldfgf PseGbf a9L k|b]z;+u hf]l8Psf]cj:yf /xg' pko'Qm x'g]5 .$=^=@= Pp6} ef}uf]lns If]qnfO{ PseGbf a9L k|b]zn] bfjL u/]sf] cj:yf;+3Lo PsfOsf] If]q lgwf{/0fsf ;Gbe{df o; k|sf/sf] l:ylt lgs} g} r'gf}tLk"0f{ cj:yf xf] .o; k|sf/sf] bfjLnfO{ ;dfwfg u/]/ dfq} ;+3Lo PsfOsf] lgdf{0f k|ls|ofnfO{ clGtd ¿k lbg'kg]{x'G5 . o; ;DjGwL ljjfb jf bfjLsf] lg¿k0fsf nflu ljz]if1 sld6Lsf] /fo / ;/f]sf/jfnfsf]rf;f] ;d]tnfO{ cfwf/ agfpg' pko'Qm x'g]5 .$=^=#= If]qkmn / hg;+Vof aLrsf] ;Gt'ng;+3Lo PsfOsf] lgdf{0fsf ;Gbe{df If]qkmn / hg;+Vofsf] ;Gt'ng ldnfpg] s'/f c;Dejh:t} s'/f xf] . t/ k|foM ldl>t a;f]af; /x]sf] PsfTds b]znfO{ /fhgLlts lg0f{osf cfwf/df;+3fTdstfdf abNg vf]lhPsf sf/0fn] klg o;nfO{ Wofg lbg' pko'Qm g} x'g]5 .$=^=$= P]ltxfl;s lg/Gt/tf, ax'ntf jf ax';fF:s[lts :j¿kg]kfnL ;dfhsf] jx'hftLo, jx'eflifs, ax'wfld{s / jx';f+:s[lts cj:yfdf k|lts'n c;/gkg]{ u/L ljz]if u/L k5f8L kfl/Psf pTkLl8t hftL÷;d'bfosf] ;d:ofnfO{ ;Djf]wg ul/g' kb{5 .g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df ;j} k|b]zx? ;dfg ljz]iftfdf cfwfl/t gx'g] s'/fk|lt :ki6 x'g cfjZos 5 .$=^=%= ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] rf;f]g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df ;+3Lo /fHosf] k}/jL ub}{ cfPsf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] wf/0ffx?nfO{;Daf]wg gu/L cl3 a9\g] s'/f pko'Qm x'b}g . ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] k/:k/ lj/f]wL ljrf/x?sf]j}1flgs 9+un] ;fdfwfg vf]Hg] s'/f klg Tolts} h?/L s'/f xf] . o;sf nflu ;/f]sf/jfnfkIfx?nfO{ ;+jfbsf] k|lqmofdf NofP/ clGtd ;xdlt sfod ug]{ ljlw / k|ls|of ;d]t cjnDjg ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . ;+ejtM o;} sfdsf nflu /fHo k'g;{+/rgf cfof]usf] cfjZostf 7flgPsf] lyof] . t/cfh;Dd o;n] vf;} /fhgLlts k|fylstf kfPg .$=^=^= cfly{s ;fdYo{ / k|zf;lgs ;xhtfcfly{s ;fdYo{ / k|zf;lgs ;xhtf sfod u/L ;+3Lo PsfOsf] If]q lgwf{/0fug]{s'/f lgs} g} sl7g sfo{ xf] . t/ klg ;+3Lo Joj:yfsf] ;kmntfsf nflu o; s'/fdf ljz]if WofglbOg' kb{5 .$=^=&= leGg leGg ef}uf]lns PsfOdf cfwfl/t Pp6} k|b]zg]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df leGg leGg ef}uf]lns PsfOdf cfwfl/t Pp6f k|b]zsf] cjwf/0ffdfhfg' pko'Qm x'b}g .25

$=&= ;+3Lo PsfO lgdf{0fsf] 9fFrf / clwsf/;+3Lo Joj:yfsf nflu ;+3Lo PsfOsf] lgdf{0f ;jf{lws dxTjsf] / r'gf}tLk"0f{ sfo{ xf] . o;;Gbe{df Pp6} 9fFrfsf] agfpg] ls leGg leGg 9fFrfsf] agfpg] eGg] s'/f klg Tolts} dxTjsf] ljifoxf] . ;+3Lo PsfO lgdf{0fsf] cfwf/sf ¿kdf klxrfg / ;fdYo{nfO{ cfwf/ agfpg] s'/f dflyg} pNn]veO;s]sf] kl/k|]Ifdf k|b]zx? km/s km/s jf Ps csf]{;+u ldNbf] h'Nbf] x'g] s'/f :jtM l;4 5 . t/klg o; ;DjGwdf cfof]usf] ;'emfj / ljz]if1x?sf] /fonfO{ ;d]t ;xof]u lng ;lsg]5 . t/ clGtdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ eg] ;+ljwfg;efsf] x'g]5 .$=*= :yfgLo txsf] lgdf{0f / If]q lgwf{/0f:yfgLo txsf] :j?k / ;+/rgf s:tf] x'g] < clxn] g} k|:tfljt ug]{ jf Tof] clwsf/ k|b]znfO{lbg] eGg] ljifo o; ;Gbe{df lng'kg]{ lg0f{osf] s]Gb|Lo ljifo xf] . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df :yfgLolgsfox?sf] nfdf] cEof; ;d]tn] ;+3Lo ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0fdf dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'u]sf] kl/k|]Ifdf:yfgLo lgsfosf] cfjfhnfO{ ;+af]wg u/]/ cl3 a9\g' kg]{ x'G5 .:yfgLo tx k|fb]lzs ;+/rgf cGtu{t /xg] lgsfo xf] . hgtfsf] ;aeGbf l56f] kx'Fr k'Ug]lgsfo :yfgLo tx g} xf] . :yfgLo txsf] ;DaGwdf ;+ljwfgdf pNn]v ul/bfF ;+j}wflgs dfGotf k|fKtu/]sf] dflgg] ePsf]n] kl5Nnf lbgx?df ;+3Lo ;+ljwfgdf :yfgLo txsf] Joj:yf / clwsf/sf] ;"rLlbg] k|rng /x]sf] 5 .g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df :yfgLo txsf] ;+Vof / If]q lgwf{/0f ug{sf] nflu k|fb]lzs ;/sf/nfO{;+3Lo ;/sf/n] lglZrt dfkb08 tf]Sg ;Sg] / o;/L dfkb08 tf]Sbf ;+3Lo ;/sf/n] ;fk]lIfs ?kdf;dfg hg;+Vof, ef}uf]lns tyf k|zf;lgs cg's"ntf, hg;+Vofsf] 3gTj, oftfoftsf] ;'ljwf,k|fs[lts ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] cjl:ylt / ;DalGwt If]qsf afl;Gbfsf] ;f+:s[lts tyf ;fd'bflos kIfnfO{Wofg lbg' kg]{ x'G5 . o;/L ;+3Lo ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] dfkb08sf] cfwf/df ;DalGwt k|fb]lzs ;/sf/n]:yfgLo txsf] gfd, ;+Vof / If]q lgwf{/0f ug{ k|b]z :t/Lo cfof]u u7g ug'{ pko'Qm x'g] b]lvG5 . ;f]cfof]un] :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g ;+rfng ug{ cg's"n x'g] u/L :yfgLo txsf] l;dfÍg / gfdfs/0fubf{ jt{dfg uflj; tyf gu/kflnsfsf] agf}6nfO{ k'g/fjnf]sg u/L clxn]sf] uf=lj=;=x?sf];+VofnfO{ 36fpg] / :yfgLo txsf] u7gdf ;se/ Ps?ktf sfod ug]{ Joj:yf pkof]uL /k|efjsf/L x'G5 . :yfgLo txsf] ;+Vof, l;df / If]q lgwf{/0f ;+ljwfg adf]lhd k|fb]lzs ;/sf/ u7gePsf] ldltn] Ps jif{ leq u/L ;Sg' kg]{ Joj:yf /xg' pko'Qm x'G5 . :yfgLo lgsfosf] u7g geP;Ddsf nflu ljBdfg :yfgLo txnfO{ g} sfod /fVg' kg]{ x'G5 . :yfgLo txsf] u7g, / ;+/rgf;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf k|fb]lzs sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 . t/ :yfgLo txsf] ;+/rgfutJoj:yf / clwsf/sf] ;"rL ;+ljwfgdf g} pNn]v ul/g' kb{5 . :yfgLo tx cGtu{t :yfgLo ;/sf/sf]¿kdf ufpFkflnsf tyf gu/kflnsf sfod ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 .$=(= k|b]zsf] ;+Vof / ;Ldfgf;+3Lo /fHo lgdf{0fsf :jfoQ / :jzflzt Kf|b]zsf] lgdf{0f h?/L ljifo xf] . klxrfg /;fdYo{df cfwfl/t ;+3Lo PsfOsf] lgdf{0fsf nflu lgDg s'/fdf ljz]if Wofg lbg'kg]{ x'G5M• ef}uf]lns lg/Gt/tf / hfltut ;3gtfsf If]qx?nfO{ ldn];Dd Ps} 7fpdf /fVg] .• Efflifs ;3gtfsf If]qx?nfO{ Ps} 7fpdf /fVg] .• ;f+:s[lts ;3gtfsf If]qnfO{ Ps} 7fpFdf /fVg] .• If]qLo pTkL8gnfO{ Vofn u/L If]q lgwf{/0f agfpg] .• P]ltxfl;s tyf ;fd'bflos ljz]iftfdf hf]8 lbg] .o; cltl/Qm cfly{s ;fdYo{ / ;Defjgf, k|fs[lts ;|f]t / ;fwfgsf] pknJwtf, k|zf;glgs;'udtfnfO{ cfwf/sf ¿kdf lng'kg]{ x'G5 . o; ¿kdf cl3 j9\bf g]kfn /fHonfO{ k|d'v hftLo ;d"x/ k|d'v eflifs ;d'x / s'g} g s'g} ;fF:s[lts ;d"xsf] s'g} g s'g} k|b]zdf afx'Notf sfod x'g] u/Lk|b]zsf] lgdf{0f x'g] b]lvG5 . o;/L lgdf{0f ul/Psf k|b]zx?df s'g} Ps efiff If]qLo efiffsf ¿kdf;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] efiffsf ¿kdf k|of]u x'g;Sg] cj:yf ;d]t k|s6 x'g]5 . o;/L aGg] k|b]zax'hftLo, jx'eflifs / ax';fF:s[lts x'g] s'/f :jtM l;4 5 . ;ldltsf ;b:ox? / /fhgLlts26

nx?af6 k|:tfljt ;+3Lo PsfO -k|b]z_ sf] ;+Vof / ;Ldfgf ;DaGwdf ;ldltdf k|fKt gSzf tyfljj/0fx? cg';"rL - 14 lbOPsf] 5 . k|b]zsf] gfd, ;+Vof / l;dfgf cg';"rL — !% df pNn]vul/Psf] 5 .$=!) ldNg ;Sg] / 5'l§g ;Sg] clwsf/;+ljwfgn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] k|ls|of k"/f u/L k|b]zx? cfk;df ldNg ;Sg] / cfk;df cnu x'g];Sg] clwsf/sf] ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf ul/g' kb{5 . k|b]zsf] cfsf/sf ;Gbe{df clxn] rln/x]sf] jx; /eljiodf rNg ;Sg] jx;nfO{ ;d]t Wofgdf /fv]/ To; k|sf/sf] Joj:yf sfod ug'{ h?/L ePsf] 5 .o; ;+ljwfg jdf]lhdsf k|b]zx? Ps cfk;df ufleg tyf yk gofF k|b]zsf] ?kdf lgdf{0f ug{k/]df jf k|fb]lzs l;dfgfnfO{ Ps cfk;df ldnfO{ x]/km]/ ug{ k/]df ;DjlGwt k|fb]lzsJoj:yflksfsf] b'O{ ltxfO{ jx'dtsf] lg0f{o eO{ k|fb]lzs ;/sf/sf] l;kmfl/;nfO{ ;+3LoJoj:yflksfsf] b'O{ ltxfO{ jx'dtn] cg'df]bg ug]{ Joj:yf /xg pko'Qm b]lvG5 . ;+3LoJoj:yflksfdf b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dt gk'uL cg'df]bg ug{ g;s]df ;DalGwt k|b]zx?df hgdt ;+u|x ug{;lsg] k|fjwfg pko'Qm x'g] b]lvG5 . To;/L ePsf] hgdt ;+u|xsf] lg0f{o cg';f/ ;+3LoJoj:yflksfn] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . hgdt ;+u|xsf] lg0f{o cg';f/ # dlxgf leqdf;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ug'{ kb{5 .$=!!= /fhwfgL;+3Lo /fhwfgL ;+3Lo ;/sf/n] lg0f{o u/]sf] :yfgdf /xg] 5 . ;+3Lo /fhwfgL x]/k]m/ ug'{ kg]{ePdf ;+3Lo Joj:yflksfsf] b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtåf/f x]/km]/ ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 .$=!@= k|b]zsf] /fhwfgLk|b]zsf] /fhwfgL ;DalGwt k|b]zn] lgwf{/0f ug'{ pko'Qm x'g] b]lvG5 . To;sf nflu k|b]zleqsf] k|zf;lgs ;'udtf, ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] l:ylt, k|b]z leqsf hgtfsf] ;xh kx'Fr, k|b]zsf/fhgLlts / k|zf;lgs lgsfox? Jojl:yt ug{ ;lsg] Ifdtf, cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ef}uf]lns,k|zf;lgs Pj+ ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf ljsf; / lj:tf/sf] ;DefjgfnfO{ cfwf/ agfpg' kg]{ x'G5 .k|fb]lzs /fhwfgL /xg] :yfg lgwf{/0fsf] ljifo ;DalGwt k|b]zsf] If]q leq kg]{ ljifo ePklg k|fb]lzs Joj:yflksfsf] u7g geP ;Dd k|fb]lzs /fhwfgL lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{ x'Fbf;+s|d0fsflng Joj:yfsf nflu k|:tfljt k|b]zsf] k|:tfljt /fhwfgL cg';"rL — !% df pNn]vul/Psf] 5 . o;/L lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] /fhwfgL /xg] :yfg ;DalGwt k|b]zsf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs,ef}uf]lns, k|zf;lgs Pj ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf ljsf; / lj:tf/sf ;+efjgfnfO{ Wofgdf /flvx]/km]/ tyf kl/jt{g ug{ ;Sg] / k|fb]lzs /fhwfgLsf] :yfg x]/km]/ ug]{ sfo{ljlw / k|ls|ofaf/]df k|fb]lzs Joj:yflksfn] lgwf{/0f ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 .27

%= ;+3Lo PsfOsf] gfds/0fsf cfwf/%=!= gfd 5gf}6sf cfwf/x?kl/R5]b – kfFrg]kfn PsfTds Pj+ s]Gb«Ls[t zf;g k|0ffnLaf6 ;+3Lotfdf ?kfGt/0f x'Fbf To:tf] ;+3Lo PsfOsf]gfd s] /fVg], gfds/0fsf] cfwf/ s] nfO{ dfGg] eGg] d"n k|Zgsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 . t;y{ gfd 5gf}6sf]nflu b]xfosf s'/fx?nfO{ cfwf/ lng ;lsg] b]lvG5 .%=!=!= hftLo, ;fd'bflos, eflifs, P]ltxfl;s k[i7e"ld / ;f+:s[lts klxrfghflt÷;d'bfo / ;+:s[ltn] h'g If]qsf] klxrfg lbb} cfPsf] 5 / zlbof}+ b]lvlg/Gt/ a;f]af; ub}{ cfO{ xfn;Dd klg ;3g ¿kdf afx"No sfod /fVb} cfPsf]k|b]zx?sf] gfds/0f ubf{ klxrfgsf] dfunfO{ ;Daf]wg ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . efiffsf] ax'dt x'g]:yfgdf eflifs cfwf/df ;+3Lo PsfOsf] gfds/0f ug{ ;lsG5 . To;}u/L hflto / eflifsafx'No gePsf] ax' ;f+:s[lts, ax' eflifs P]ltxfl;s Pj+ ;f+:s[lts dxTjsf :yfgsf]cfwf/df gfds/0f ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf /xG5 .%=!=@= ef}uf]lns / k|fs[lts ljz]iftfg]kfn ax'eflifs, ax';f+:s[lts, ax'hftLo b]z ePsf]n] s'g} Ps efiff, jf;+:s[ltsf] ax'dt /x]sf] kfOb}g . t;y{ ;+3Lo PsfOsf] gfds/0fsf] nflu s'g} Ps efiff jfPp6f dfq cfwf/ x'g ;Sg] cj:yf b]lvb}g . hxfF To:tf] l:ytL b]lvG5 To:tf ;+3LoPsfOx?sf] gfdfs/0f ef}uf]lns jf k|fs[lts ljz]iftfsf] cfwf/df ug{ ;lsg] b]lvG5 .%=!=#= ;j}nfO{ dgkg]{ jf s;}nfO{ lrQ gb'Vg] 5gf}6Pp6f ;+3Lo PsfOdf a;f]af; ug]{ hg;d'bfonfO{ :jLsfo{ jf ;femf gfdgfds/0f ug{ klxnf] k|fyldstf lbg' kg]{ x'G5 . Pp6} gfd ;a}nfO{ :jLsf/ gx'g] cj:yfdfs;}nfO{ lrQ gb'Vg] gfdsf] ljsNk vf]Hg ;lsg] cj:yf x'G5 . ;fy} pTkLl8t hfltsf]efiffnfO{ ;d]t cfwf/ lng ;lsG5 .hgtfsf] ;'emfj ;+sng ug]{ qmddf ;ldltn] tof/ u/]sf] k|ZgfjnLdf pNn]lvt lgDg lnlvtcfwf/x?nfO{ ;d]t ;+3Lo PsfOsf] gfds/0fsf cfwf/sf] ¿kdf k|:tfljt ul/Psf]n] k|fKt ;'emfjsfcfwf/df gfds/0fsf] cfwf/ lgwf{/0f ug{ ;lsG5 .hflt wfld{s :yn ;f+:s[lts klxrfg/fli6«o lje"lt efiff e"uf]nlxdfnL r'r'/f gbL gfnf P]ltxfl;s :ynIf]qLo klxrfgTo;}u/L k/Dk/fut ¿kdf canDag ul/Psf gfd, If]q / /fi6«nfO{ PsfTds efjgfhufpg] gfd, If]qsf hgtfsf] klxrfg / :jfldTjnfO{ hgfpg] gfd tyf ljlzi6 :yfgnfO{ ;d]tgfds/0fsf] cfwf/ agfpg ;lsG5 .%=@=cGt/f{li6«o k|rng / cEof;;+3Lo PsfOx?sf] gfds/0fsf] nflu ljleGg d'n'sx?n] s'g} lglZrt cfwf/ ckgfPsfkfOb}g . ;+3Lo PsfOx?sf] gfds/0fsf] nflu k|fs[lts ;Dkbf, efiff, wd{, cflbnfO{ cfwf/ lng] u/]sf]kfOG5 .:jL6h/Nof08 rf/j6f efiff, b'O{j6f wd{ / Pp6f kj{tLo If]qsf] cfwf/df @) j6f k"0f{SofG6f]g / ^ j6f cw{SofG6f]gx?df ljeflht ePsf] 5 . tL dWo] w]/} h;f] Ps eflifs tyf k|f]6]:6]G6tyf Sofyf]lns wdf{jnDjL hgtfx?sf] ax'dtsf] cfwf/df ljeQm ePsf 5g .j]lNhod ;f+:s[lts cfwf/df ljleGg ;+3df ljeflht ePsf] kfOG5 . oBlk j|;]N; jfx]scGo /fHox?sf] ljefhgdf eflifs k[ystfnfO{ klg cfwf/ lnPsf] kfOG5 . j]lNhoddf tLg j6f If]q28

-Regions_ /x]sf 5g\ . h;df Walloon, Flemish / Brussels kb{5g\ . Brussels Region df rf/j6feflifs /fHo /x]sf 5g\ . h;df French Speaking, Dutch Speaking, Bilingual Region of Brussels/ German Speaking Region kb{5g\ .Olyof]lkofn] k"0f{¿kdf hfltut cfwf/df gfds/0f u/]sf] b]lvG5 .gfO{h]l/ofn] hfltut, wfld{s / eflifs cfwf/df #^ j6f ;+3Lo PsfOsf] gfds/0f u/]sf]kfOG5 .blIf0f clk|msfdf ( j6f k|fGtsf] gfd Eastern Cape, Free state, Gauteng, Kwajalu-Natal, Mpumalanga, Northern Cape, Northen Province, North west / Weastern cape/x]sf] 5 .ef/tdf /fHox?sf] gfd cfGw« k|b]z, c;fd, ljxf/, 5lQ;u9, uf]jf, u'h/ft, xl/of0ff,s]/nf, dWo k|b]z, tldngfb', sgf{6s, pl8;f, kGhfa, /fh:yfg, emf/v08, pQ/ k|b]z, klZrda+ufn, hDa' slZd/, gfufNof08, lxdfrn k|b]z, dl0fk'/, ldhf]/d, d]3fno, lqk'/f, l;lSsd,c?0ff~rn k|b]z, lbNnL, pQ/f~rn, kf08]r/L gfds/0f ul/Psf] 5 .hd{gLdf ;+3Lo PsfOx?nfO{ Nof08/ elgG5 . h;df Baden, Wurttemberg, Bavaria,Berlin, Brandenbug, Bremen, Hamburg, Hesse, Lower Saxony, Mecklenburg-Western,Pomerania, North Rhine-Westphalia, Rhineland-Palatinate, Saarland, Saxony, Saxon-Anahalt,Schleswig-Holstein and Thuringa /x]sf] 5g\ .%=#= /fhgLlts bnaf6 k|:tfljt gfdx?;+3Lo PsfOsf] gfds/0fsf ;DjGwdf /fhg}lts bnsf] 3f]if0ffkq / bnx?n] ;+ljwfg;efsf],;+j}wflgs ;ldltdf k]z u/]sf] cjwf/0ffkq cWoog ubf{ ;j} /fhg}lts bnx?n] o; ljifodfcfkmgf] :ki6 wf/0ff phfu/ u/]sf] b]lvb}g . s]xL bnx?sf] 3f]if0ff kq / k|ltj4tf kq tyf;+j}wflgs ;ldltdf k]z u/]sf] blno cjwf/0ffsf] cfwf/df k|:tfj u/]sf] ;+3Lo PsfOx?sf] gfdcg';"rL - 10 pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .%=$= ljåfgx?÷n]vsx?åf/f k|:tfljt gfdcg';"rL - 11 df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .%=%= gfds/0fsf ;DaGwdf ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] rf;f];+3Lo PsfO jf k|b]zsf] gfds/0fsf ;DjGwdf ljleGg k|:tfjx? k]z ePsf] kfOG5 . tLdWo] sltkon] k|b]zsf] gfds/0f hftLo, eflifs / ;f+:s[lts lx;fjn] vf; ;d'bfonfO{ nlIft u/]//fVg' kg]{ dfGotf cl3 ;f/]sf 5g eg] sltkon] k|b]zsf] lgdf{0fdf pk/f]Qm kIfsf] k|efj /xg]ePtfklg gfds/0fdf ;fd'lxstf x'g' kg]{ wf/0ff /fv]sf] kfOG5 . hftLo, eflifs / ;f+:s[ltslx;fjn] gfds/0f ug]{ k|:tfljt gfdx?df k"j{sf] kxfl8 e]sdf j;f]jf; ug]{ /fO{ / lnDj' hfltnfO{nlIft u/]/ lnDj'jfg, vDj'jfg, ls/ft, ofSy'd, tfdfªsf] jfx'No ePsf] k|b]zdf tfD;flnª, ;];fGt,g]jf/sf] afx'No ePsf] k|b]znfO{ g]jfM k|b]z, g]kfn d08n, t/fO{sf ;Gbe{df dw];, ef]hk'/L, ldlynf,sf]lrnf cjlw, yf?, y?jfg / y?x6, u'?ª hfltsf] afx'Notf ePsf] 7fpnfO{ td'jfg, td'u08s,du/x?sf] afx'Notf /x]sf] k|b]znfO{ du/ u08s / du/ft k|b]z gfds/0f ul/Psf] kfOG5 . t/ s]lxn] eg] du/ / u'?Ësf] jfx'Notfsf] If]qnfO{ Ps} 7fpdf /fv]/ td' du/ft pNn]v u/]sf] kfOG5 . e]/L,;]tL, dxfsfnL / s0ff{nL If]qdf v;x?sf] afx'No /x]sf] x'Fbf ;f] If]qsf nflu sltkon] v;fg /h8fg h:tf zJbx?sf] ;d]t k|of]u u/]sf] kfOG5 eg] s0ff{nL If]qnfO{ :jfoQ s0ff{nL k|b]zgfdfs/0f u/]sf] kfOG5 .To;}u/L gful/s ;dfhsf] tkm{af6 k|fKt ;'emfjdf ;+3Lo PsfOsf] gfds/0fsf] nfluk|fs[lts ;Dkbf, efiff, wd{ / hfltnfO{ cfwf/ lng' kg]{ pNn]v ePsf] kfOG5 .;+3Lo PsfOsf] gfds/0fsf] ;DjGwdf ljleGg /fhg}lts bn tyf JolQmx?n] h] h:tf]k|:tfj u/]sf] ePtfklg o;af6 s'g} klg ju{, hft, wd{, ;+:s[lt jf s'g} vf; hflt ljz]ifsf]efjgfTds ;DaGwdf c;/ kfg'{ x'Gg eGg] s'/fdf ;j}sf] Psdt /x]sf] kfOG5 . k|b]zsf] gfds/0fubf{ To; If]qdf j;f]jf; ug]{ hflt, hghflt, ;d'bfo, efiff, ;+:s[ltsf] ;Ddfg ub}{ pgLx?sf]cfsf+Iff cg'?k dfGo x'g] u/L gfds/0f ug{ pko'Qm x'g] b]lvG5 .29

%=^= gfds/0fsf ;DaGwdf g]kfnsf] ljutsf] cg'ejg]kfnsf] jt{dfg :j?k cg';f/sf] !$ c~rnsf] gfds/0fsf] cfwf/ k|fs[lts Pj+ P]ltxfl;s:yndf cfwfl/t ePsf] kfOG5 . !$ c~rnx? dWo] !) j6f gbLsf] gfd, @ j6f lxdfnsf] gfd / @j6f P]ltxfl;s tyf wfld{s :ynsf] gfdaf6 gfds/0f ePsf] kfOG5 . To;}u/L b]znfO{ % ljsf;If]qdf ljefhg u/L ltgLx?sf] gfds/0f eg] b]zsf] cjl:yltsf] cfwf/ lnO{ k"jf{~rn, dWodf~rn,klZrdf~rn, dWo klZrdf~rn / ;'b'/ klZrdf~rn /flvPsf] 5 . xfn lhNnf, g=kf=, uf=lj=;= sfgfdx? klg s'g} Pp6f cfwf/df gfds/0f gePsf], tL gfdx?n] hgdfg;df Pp6f efjgfTds;DaGw ;d]t ufF;L ;s]sf] cj:yf 5 .%=&= gfds/0f ubf{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ cfwf/x?g]kfnsf] ef}uf]lns / hg;+Vofsf] ljt/0fnfO{ x]bf{ s]xL If]qdf s'g} hfltsf] a;f]af; ;3g /afx'Nosf] cj:yfdf /x]sf] 5 eg] sltko If]qdf /x]sf] kfOb}g . o;}u/L sltko If]qdf hftLoa;f]af;sf] l:yltdf s'g} klg hfltsf] afx'Notf geO{ ldl>t Pj+ ljljwtf /x]sf] 5 . t;y{ hftLo jf;d'bfosf] a;f]af;sf] ;3gtf / afx'Notf /x]sf] If]qdf ;+3Lo PsfOsf] gfds/0f ubf{ klxrfgsf]dfunfO{ Wofg lbg' kg]{ b]lvG5 . s'g} Pp6f efiffsf] afx'No /x]sf] If]qdf eflifs cfwf/df tyf s'g}klg hflt / efiffsf] afx'Notf gePsf] If]qdf w]/} ljsNkx? /xg] b]lvG5 / s;}nfO{ dg gb'Vg] gfd/fVg] ;Defjgf w]/} /xG5 . ;+/rgfut lje]bdf kfl/Psf blnt, hghflt, cNk;+Vos, d'l:ndnufot ;femf hLjg k4ltsf] ¿kdf ljsl;t ePsf] klxrfgo'Qm ;d'bfonfO{ klg Wofg lbg' kg]{b]lvG5 .%=*= gfd kl/jt{g ug{ ;lsg] ;+j}wflgs k|fjwfgk|b]zsf] gfd x]/km]/ ug]{ ljifo k|b]zsf] ljifo x'g] ePtf klg k|b]zsf] gfd / l;dfgf;+ljwfgdf g} pNn]v x'g] ePsf]n] ;+ljwfgdf ;+zf]wg u/L gfdfs/0f ul/Psf] k|b]zsf] gfd x]/km]/ ug{;lsG5 . o;/L k|b]zsf] gfd x]/k]m/ ug{' k/]df ;DalGwt k|b]zsf] k|fb]lzs Joj:yflksfsf] b'O{ ltxfO{jx'dtsf] lg0f{o eO{ k|fb]lzs ;/sf/sf] l;kmfl/;df ;+3Lo Joj:yflksfsf] b'O{ ltxfO{ jx'dtn]cg'df]bg ug'{ kg]{ Joj:yf /xg pko'Qm x'g] b]lvG5 .k|b]zsf] gfd x]/k]m/ ug{] ljifodf ;+3Lo Joj:yflksfsf] b'O{ ltxfO{ jx'dt sfod x'gg;s]df ;DalGwt k|b]zsf] Joj:yflksfn] cfjZos 7fg]df hgdt ;+u|x ug{ ;Sg] k|fjwfg /xg'pko'Qm x'G5 . o;af6 hgtfsf] ljrf/ / dtsf] sb/ x'g] b]lvG5 . o;/L ePsf] hgdt ;+u|xsf]lg0f{o cg';f/ ;+3Lo Joj:yflksfn] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ug{' kg]{ x'G5 .;+3Lo Joj:yflksfsf] b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtn] cg'df]bg ug]{ / hgdt ;+u|x ug]{ nufot cGoJoj:yf sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f ug{ pko'Qm x'g] x'bfF o;sf nflu ;+3Lo Joj:yflksfn] sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0fu/] adf]lhd x'g] Joj:yf /xg' kg]{ cfjZostf x'G5 .30

kl/R5]b – 5^= ;+3Lo PsfOsf ;/sf/ jLr clwsf/sf] afF8kmfF8^=!= ljleGg txsf ;+3Lo PsfOsf ;/sf/ jLr ljwflosL, sfo{sfl/0fL / Goflos clwsf/sf] afF8kmfF8;+ljwfgdf /xg] txut ;/sf/sf -;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo tx_ jLr clwsf/sf] afF8kmfF8:ki6 ?kdf ul/G5 . o;/L clwsf/sf] afF8kmfF8 ug'{sf] d'Vo p2]Zo ljleGg txsf ;/sf/n] cf–cfˆgf] e"ldsf / lhDd]jf/L ;xh lsl;dn] jxg ug{ ;s'g\ eGg] xf] . To:tf clwsf/x?df d"ntMljwflosL, sfo{sfl/0fL / Goflos clwsf/x? kb{5g\ . ;+3Lo ;+/rgfdf clwsf/sf] ;"rL dfkm{t\/fHo zlQmsf] afF8kmfF8 ug]{ cEof; /x]sf] kfOG5 .^=!=!= ljwflosL clwsf/sf] afF8kmfF8M;+3Lo ;+/rgfdf ;/sf/sf txx?nfO{ sfg"g agfpg] ljwflosL clwsf/ ;+ljwfgdf g}/flvg' clgjfo{ dflgG5 . o;n] txut ;/sf/sf] :jfoQtfnfO{ k|Tofe"t ub{5 . s] s:tf] ljifodfs"g txn] sfg"g agfpg kfpg] eGg] s"/fsf] afF8kmfF8sf] nflu clwsf/sf] ;"rL ;+ljwfgdf /fVg] /;f] ;"rLdf /x]sf ljifodf tt\tt\ txnfO{ ljwflosL clwsf/ /xG5 . ljwflosL clwsf/ cGtu{tgofF sfg"g lgdf{0f ug]{, e} /x]sf] sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{, vf/]h ug]{ nufotsf ljifox? kb{5g\ . ;+3Lo-s]Gb|Lo_ ;"rLdf kg]{ ljifox?df ;+3Lo Joj:yflksfnfO{, k|fb]lzs ;"rLdf kg]{ ljifox?df k|b]zsf]Joj:yflksfnfO{, ;femf ;"rLdf k/]sf] ljifodf b'j} txsf] Joj:yflksfnfO{ sfg"g agfpg] clwsf//xG5 . :yfgLo tx / ljz]if ;+/rgf cGtu{t lgdf{0f x'g] If]qx?nfO{ klg ;+ljwfgn] lglZrt u/]sf];Ldf tyf k|fb]lzs txsf] sfg"gsf cwLgdf /xL lgod jf ljlgod agfpg] clwsf/ /xG5 .ljwflosL clwsf/sf] k|of]u tyf sfo{ljlw ;DaGwL ljifo ;+ljwfg;efsf] Joj:yflksLo c+usf]:j¿k lgwf{/0f ;ldltsf] sfo{If]q leq kb{5 .^=!=@= sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/sf] afF8kmfF8;+3Lo ;+/rgfdf sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/sf] afF8kmfF8 dxTjk"0f{ ljifo dflgG5 / o;sf]p2]Zo hjfkmb]xL ;/sf/sf] lgdf{0f ug'{ xf] . sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/sf] ;DaGw clwsf/sf] ;"rLdf g}j9L dfqfdf ;DalGwt x'G5 . h'g ljifo ;DalGwt PsfOsf] clwsf/ If]qleq kb{5 Tof] ;Fu;DalGwt ljifodf ;DalGwt PsfOnfO{ sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ /xG5 . ;+3Lo ;"rLdf kg]{ ljifodf;+3nfO{, k|b]zsf] ;"rLdf kg]{ ljifodf k|b]znfO{, ljz]if ;+/rgf cGtu{tsf If]qx? / :yfgLo txnfO{;+ljwfgdf ;"rLs[t ul/Psf ljifodf k|fb]lzs sfg"gn] Jojl:yt u/] cg';f/ sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf//xG5 . o; cGtu{t ;fdfGotof zf;g Joj:yfsf] ;fdfGo lgb]{zg, lgoGq0f / ;+rfng ug]{, sfg"gJoj:yf sfod ug]{, k|zf;lgs ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug]{, To;sf nflu cfly{s, dfgjLo ;|f]tsf]Joj:yfkg ug]{, ;'zf;g sfod ug{], sfg"gsf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ h:tf ljifox? kb{5g\ . ljleGgtxdf sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/sf] afF8kmfF8sf] ljifo ;+ljwfg;efsf] zf;sLo :j?k lgwf{/0f ;ldltsf]sfo{ If]q leq ;d]t kg]{ b]lvG5 .^=!=#= Goflos clwsf/sf] afF8kmfF8;+3Lo k|0ffnLdf ljleGg txsf ;/sf/ jLr Goflos clwsf/sf] afF8kmFf8 dxTjk"0f{ dflgG5. Goflos clwsf/sf] afF8kmfF8 d"ntM ;+3Lo k|0ffnL leq lgdf{0f x'g] Goflos lgsfosf] ;+/rgfsf]agf]6;+u ;DalGwt x'G5 . Goflos clwsf/ d"ntM Goflos lgsfo cyf{t\ cbfntdf /xg] x'G5 .cbfntsf] If]qflwsf/ / txut ;+/rgfsf] cfwf/df Goflos zlQmsf] k|of]u ul/G5 . Goflosclwsf/ cGtu{t sfg"g / Gofo;+u ;DalGwt ljifo tyf ljjfbx?sf] lg/f]k0f u/L Gofo k|bfg ug]{sfo{ kb{5 .;+3 -s]Gb«_ / k|b]z -;+3Lo PsfO_ jLr, k|b]z k|b]z jLr, k|b]z / ljz]if ;+/rgf cGtu{tsfIf]qx? jLr / k|b]z / :yfgLo tx jLr ;+ljwfg / ;+ljwfgåf/f k|4t clwsf/sf] k|of]u / kfngfug]{ ljifodf jf ;+j}wflgs JofVofsf] ljifodf s'g} ljjfb pTkGg ePdf To:tf] ljjfbsf] Goflos;dfwfgsf] nflu 5'§} ;+j}wflgs cbfntsf] :yfkgf ul/g' pko'Qm x'g] k|:tfj ul/Psf] ;Gbe{dfTo:tf ljjfb x]g]{ Goflos clwsf/ ;+j}wflgs cbfntdf lglxt /xG5 . o;sf ;fy} ;+3, k|b]z,ljz]if ;+/rgf / :yfgLo tx sf] clwsf/sf] ;"rL leq kg]{ ljifox?df tt\tt\ txnfO{ sfg"g lgdf{0fug]{ If]qdf clwsf/ /xg] x'bfF sfg"gn] clwsf/ lbPsf] ljifodf ;DalGwt txnfO{ Gofo ;DaGwLclwsf/ /xg] x'G5 . ;+3Lo ;"rLdf ;"rLs[t ul/Psf ljifodf ;+3Lo txsf] GofokflnsfnfO{ Goflos31

clwsf/ lglxt /x]sf] dflgG5 eg] k|fb]lzs ;"rLdf kg]{ ljifodf k|b]znfO{ Goflos clwsf/ lglxt/x]sf] dflgG5 . ljz]if ;+/rgf cGtu{t :yfkgf x'g] If]qx? / :yfgLo txnfO{ ;+ljwfgn] pNn]vu/]sf] ;"rLsf] cfwf/df k|fb]lzs sfg"gn] clwsf/ k|bfg u/]sf] ljifodf Goflos clwsf/ /xg] x'G5. Gofokflnsfsf] ;+/rgf / If]qflwsf/sf] ljifo ;+ljwfg;efsf] Gofok|0ffnL ;DaGwL ;ldltsf]sfo{If]q leq kg]{ ePsf]n] o; ;DaGwdf ;f] ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bgdf lj:t[t pNn]v x'g] b]lvG5 .^=@= ljleGg txsf ;+3Lo PsfOsf] clwsf/ If]q ;DaGwL ljifo ;"rL / ;femf ljifo ;"rLsf] lgwf{/0f;+3Lo ;+ljwfgn] ;/sf/sf txx? jLr sfo{sfl/0fL, ljwflosL / Goflos clwsf/sf] :ki6ljefhg ub{5 . ;+3Lo ;/sf/nfO{ s'g s'g clwsf/ lbg] / ;+3Lo PsfOx?n] s'g s'g clwsf/kfpg] eGg] s'/f g} clwsf/sf] afF8kmfF8 leq kb{5 . clwsf/sf] afF+8kmf+8 ;+3Lotfsf] ;+/rgf s:tf]k|s[ltsf] cjnDjg ug]{ eGg] s'/fdf w]/} xb;Dd lge{/ x'G5 . ;+3Lotf ckgfPsf b]zx?sf]cEof;nfO{ x]bf{ clwsf/sf] afF8kmfF8 ;"rL k|0ffnLsf] cfwf/df ug]{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . sltko b]zx?dfs]Gb| / k|b]z b'j}sf] ;"rL / b'j}sf] ;femf ;"rLsf] cfwf/df jf+8kmf+8 ug]{ u/]sf] kfOG5 eg] sltkob]zx?df s]xL lglZrt clwsf/x? ;"rLsf] cfwf/df s]Gb| jf k|b]zdf /xg] Joj:yf u/L ;"rLs[tgePsf afFsL clwsf/ s]Gb| jf k|b]z dWo] s'g} Psdf /xg] Joj:yf u/]sf] kfOG5 .;+3Lo PsfOx? jLr /fHozlQmsf] afF8kmfF8 ubf{ ;dfg cfwf/ sfod ug{ g;lsg] cj:yfklg x'g ;St5 . lsgsL Pp6f ;+3df ;+3Lo PsfOx? :ki6¿kdf ;dfg x'g g;Sg], ltgLx?sf];Dklt / cfsf/ km/s km/s x'g], PsfOsf] ljefhg k|fljlws ¿kdf geP/ /fhg}lts ;xdltsf]cfwf/af6 sfod ul/g' kg]{ h:tf sf/0fn] PsfOx? jLrsf] clwsf/sf] afF8kmfF8 c;dfg x'g hfg]cj:yf /xg ;St5 . t/ k//fi6« gLlt, /fli6«o ;'/Iff, d'b|f, cGt/f{li6«o Jofkf/ h:tf s]xL lglZrtclwsf/x? ;w}h;f] s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/df /xG5g\ . s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/;+u o:tf clwsf/ /xg'sf] k5fl8cGt/f{li6«o :t/df cGo /fi6« / cGt/f{li6«o ;+u7gx?;+u ;DjGw /fVg' kg]{, /fli6«o dxTjsfljifodf ;j} PsfOx?nfO{ ;dGjo ug'{kg]{, /fli6«o ;'/IffnfO{ k|jn agfO{ /fli6«o cv08tf sfod/fVg' kg]{ h:tf sf/0fx? kg{ cfp5g\ .jf:tjdf s]Gb| / k|b]z aLr clwsf/sf] afF8kmfF8 ug]{ ljifodf s'g} lglZrt ;"q ckgfpg;lsb}g . /fHozlQmsf] afF8kmfF8 ljleGg ;+3Lo PsfOdf u7g x'g] ;/sf/sf] Ifdtfdf e/ kb{5 .s]Gb| / k|b]zn] k|of]u ug{ kfpg] u/L clwsf/sf] ;"rL tof/ ug]{ k|rngdf klg kl/jt{g eO{ sltkoclwsf/x? s]Gb| / PsfOn] Ps};fy -Concurrently_ k|of]u ug{ kfpg] u/L ;femf ;"rL jgfpg]k|0ffnLsf] klg ljsf; ePsf] kfOG5 . o; cGt/ut s[lif, lzIff, :jf:Yo, lgdf{0f, phf{, oftfoftPj+ jftfj/0fsf ljifox? kg{ cfp5g . ;fdfGotof clwsf/sf] afF8kmfF8 ubf{ s]xL clwsf/ s]Gb| /;+3Lo PsfOnfO{ Psnf}6L ¿kdf k|of]u ug{ kfpg] u/L / s]xL clwsf/ b'j}n] ;femf¿kdf k|of]u ug{kfpg] u/L lgwf{l/t ul/G5 . o; k4lt cg';f/ s]Gb|, k|b]z / s]Gb| tyf k|b]zn] Ps};fy k|of]u ug{kfpg] clwsf/ elg tLgj6f ;"rLsf] lgdf{0f ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 .;fdfGotM c;di6Ls/0fsf] k4ltåf/f lgdf{0f ePsf] ;+3Lo d'n'sdf s]Gb|sf] clwsf//fHonfO{ k|Tofof]hg ul/Psf] h:tf] x'G5 eg] ;di6Ls/0fsf] k4lt cg';f/ lgdf{0f ePsf] ;+3Lod'n'sdf /fHon] cfkm\gf] s]xL clwsf/ ;+3Lo ;/sf/nfO{ ;'lDkPsf] h:tf] x'G5 . t/ g]kfn PsfTdszf;g k|0ffnLaf6 ;+3Lo k|0ffnLdf hfg nfu]sf] x'“bf x'“b} klg oxf“ @$) jif{b]lv /fhtGqfTds;fdGtL PsfTds zf;g k|0ffnL ckgfOPsf] x'“bf Ps efiff, Ps wd{, Ps ;+:s[lt / Ps hfltsf]lyrf]ldrf]sf] l:ylt /x“b} cfof] . t/ Tof] lyrf]ldrf] s'g} Ps hfltsf] ank"0f{ lyrf]ldrf] geP/;fdGtL /fhtGqsf] zlQmnfO{ alnof] agfpg] p2]Zosf ;fy sfod ul/Psf] lyof] . @)$^ ;fneGbf cuf8L ePsf ljleGg cfGbf]ng, @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ng, dfcf]jfbL hgo'4, )^@÷^#;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ng tyf dw]; -t/fO{_ cfGbf]ng kZrft g]kfnL hgtfdf Ps lsl;dsf] hfu/0fk}bf eof] . ToxL hfu/0fn] g]kfnnfO{ ;+3Lotfdf hfg'kg]{ kl/l:ylt agfPsf] xf] . o; oyfy{nfO{Vofn ub}{ g]kfnnfO{ ;+3Lo k|0ffnLdf n}hfg ;j{k|yd g]kfnsf] /fli6«o cv08tfnfO{ Wofg lbg h?/L5 eg] To;} u/L ;a} hflt, efiffefifL, ;+:s[lt / wfld{s ;Dk|bfox?sf] aLrdf ;befjk"0f{;DaGwsf] ljsf; ug{ klg h?/L 5 . o; lx;fan] g]kfnsf] ;+3Lo k|0ffnL :yfkgf ubf{ ;+3Lo;/sf/nfO{ alnof] agfpg] tyf k|fb]lzs ;/sf/nfO{ clwsf/ ;DkGg agfpg] p2]Zosf ;fy /fHozlQmsf] af“8kmf“8 ug{ cfjZos 5 .32

^=@=!= ;+3sf] clwsf/sf] ;"rL;+3Lo PsfOsf] lgdf{0f ePkl5 PsfTds / s]Gb|Ls[t¿kdf /x]sf] /fHo zlQm ljleGg k|b]ztyf ;+3Lo PsfOdf ljeflht x'g k'Ub5 . o;/L zlQm ljefhg ug]{ qmddf ;+3Lo k|0ffnLckgfPsf d'n'sx?n] clwsf/sf] ;"rL agfO{ clwsf/sf] afF8kmfF8 u/]sf] kfOG5 .;+3Lo Joj:yfdf ;fdfGotM /fli6«o dxTjsf ljifox? s]Gb|nfO{ lbg'kg]{ dfGotf /x]sf]kfOG5 . b]zsf] /fli6«o Pstf / cv08tfnfO{ ;'/lIft ug'{ kg]{ / cGt/f{li6«o hutdf k"/} /fi6«sf]k|ltlglwTj ug'{ kg]{ x'bf To:tf ljifox? ;+3Lo -s]Gb|Lo_ clwsf/ If]q leq /flvg' kg]{ cfjZostfkb{5 . ;+3Lo -s]Gb|Lo_ ;"rL cGtu{t kg]{ ljifox?df ;+3 -s]Gb|_ nfO{ sfg"g agfpg] clwsf/ /xG5/ To:tf sfg"gx? ;j} ;+3Lo PsfO -k|b]z_ x?df nfu' x'g] x'gfn] To:tf ;+3Lo PsfOx?n] pQmsfg"gsf] kfngf ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 .^=@=!=!= ;+3sf] clwsf/ ;"rL ;DaGwdf cGt/f{li6«o cEof;;+3Lo ;/sf/sf] clwsf/ ;+DaGwdf ;+3Lo b]zx?sf] k|rngsf] cWoog ubf{ ;+o'Qm /fHocd]l/sfsf] ;+ljwfgn] !* ljifodf ;+3nfO{ clwsf/ k|bfg u/]sf] kfOG5 . h; cGt/ut C0flng], j}b]lzs Jofkf/, cGt//fli6«o ;lGw ;Demf}tf, s/ nufpg] / p7fpg], d'b|f, gfktf}n, x'nfs,jf}l4s ;DklQ, ;jf]{Rr cbfnt / clwg:y cbfntsf] :yfkgf, ;fd'lGb|s ck/fw / /fi6« lj?4sf]ck/fw kl/eflift ug]{, /Iff, o'4 h:tf ljifox? ;dfj]z ul/Psf] kfOG5 .ci6]«lnofdf $) j6f ljifox?df s]Gb«nfO{ ;+ljwfgn] clwsf/ k|bfg u/]sf] b]lvG5 . h;cGtu{t cGo b]zx? / /fHox? jLr Jofkf/ / jfl0fHo, s/ k|zf;g, x'nfs, 6]lnu|fkm, /Iff, d'b«f/ a}lsË, tYofÍ / ljdf, gfktf}n, j}b]lzs dfldnf, k|ltlnlk clwsf/, k]6]08, l8hfOg tyf6]«8dfs{;\, ljjfx, j}b]lzs lgud / /]nj] cflb kb{5g\ .Sofg8fdf #) j6f ljifo s]Gb| cGt/ut /xg] Joj:yf u/]sf] b]lvG5 . h;dfljifoj:t'sf] k|s[lt cg';f/ C0f lng], /Iff, j}b]lzs dfldnf, x'nfs ;]jf, d'b|f, s/, Jofkf/jfl0fHosf] lgodg, h:tf ljifo ;dfj]z u/]sf] kfOG5 . o:tf b]zn] s]Gb|sf] ;jf]{Rrtf sfod/xg] l;4fGtnfO{ :jLsf/ u/]sf] / s]Gb|nfO{ jlnof] jgfpg] Pj+ s]Gb| / k|fGt jLr ;xof]ufTdsefjgfn] sfd ug]{ l;4fGtnfO{ cuflnPsf] kfOG5 .blIf0f clk|msfsf] ;+ljwfgn] /fli6«o dxTjsf ljifox? s]Gb|df /xg] Joj:yf u/]sf] b]lvG5. h; cGtu{t /fli6«o ;'/Iff, cfly{s Pstf, ;femf jhf/sf] ;+/If0f h:tf ljifo kb{5g\ .:jL6h/Nof08df s]Gb| -;+3_ sf] If]q leq /Iff, j}b]lzs ;DjGw, ;]gfsf] k|of]u, /fli6«o/fhdfu{, cf0fljs phf{, x'nfs / b"/;~rf/, df}lb|s gLlt, ;fdflhs ;'/Iff / b]jfgL tyfk}mfHbf/L sfg"g h:tf ljifo ;dfj]z ul/Psf] kfOG5 .hd{gLdf ;+3Lo ;/sf/sf] k"0f{ clwsf/sf] ljifo cGtu{t j}b]lzs dfldnf, k|lt/Iff,;+3Lo gful/stf, /fxbfgL cWofudg / ;'k'b{uL, d'b|f, gfktf}n, eG;f/, d"No clea[l4 s/,cfos/, oftfoft s/, jfl0fHo, x'nfs tyf b"/ ;~rf/, cf}Bf]lus ;DklQ / k|ltlnlk clwsf/,;+3 / /fHox? jLr ;dGjo, tYofÍ, ;+3Lo hndfu{, xjfO{ oftfoft tyf s]xL s/sf ljifox?;d]t u/L !! j6f ljifo kb{5g\ .ef/tsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @$^ -!_ n] ;+3nfO{ (& ljifodf k"0f{ clwsf/ k|bfg u/]sf]b]lvG5 . o; cGt/ut /Iff, ;]gf / ltgLx?sf] kl/rfng, cf0fljs phf{ / vlgh ;|f]tsf]pTvgg, j}b]lzs ;DjGw, /fli6«o /fhdfu{, j}b]lzs C0f, s]Gb|Lo j}+s, cGt/{fli6«o Jofkf/ Pj+jfl0fHo, o'4, /]ndfu{, ljdf, gfktf}n, jf}l4s ;Dklt cflb kb{5g .^=@=!=@ ;+3sf] clwsf/ ;"rL ;DaGwdf g]kfnsf /fhg}lts bnx?sf] b[li6sf]0fg]skf dfcf]jfbLn] ;Ldf ;'/Iff, ;}Go Joj:yfkg, j}b]lzs ;DaGw, cGt/ /fHo Jofkf/,df}lb|s gLlt / s]Gb|Lo a}+s, eG;f/ /fhZj, 7"nf hnljB't kl/of]hgf, /]Nj]÷xjfO dfu{, /fli6«odfu{x?, s]Gb|Lo ljZj ljBfno / gfk tf}nsf ljifo s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/n] k|of]u ug{ kfpg] clwsf/sf]¿kdf /fVg' kg]{ k|:tfj ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgsf] 3f]if0ffkqdf u/]sf] b]lvG5 .g]kfnL sf+u|];n] k]z u/]sf] bnLo cjwf/0ffkqdf k//fi6« ;DaGw, d'b|f gLlt, /fli6«o;'/Iff, k|b]zx? jLr ;dGjo ug'{kg]{ ljifox? h:t} xjfO oftfoft, /fhdfu{, 7"nf hnljB't33

nufot /fli6«o dxTjsf cfof]hgfx?, eG;f/, d"No clea[l4 s/ -VAT_, cfos/, cGtz'Nsh:tf s/sf ljifo s]Gb| ;/sf/sf] clwsf/sf] ¿kdf /xg' kg]{ k|:tfj u/]sf] b]lvG5 .g]skf Pdfn]n] /fli6«o ;'/Iff, a}b]lzs ;DaGw, df}lb|s gLlt / s]Gb|Lo a}s, /]Nj], xjfOdfu{, /fli6«o /fhdfu{x?, s]Gb|Lo, ljZjljBfno, dfgj clwsf/ / df}lns xssf] /Iff, ;jf]{Rrcbfnt, eG;f/ /fhZj, 7"nf hnljB't, jx' k|flGto of]hgfsf] lgdf{0f, ;Dkbfx?sf] afF8kmfF8s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/sf] clwsf/sf] ljifodf /xg' kg]{ k|:tfj u/]sf] b]lvG5 .dw]zL hgflwsf/ kmf]/dn] g]kfnsf] /fli6«o ;'/Iff, k//fi6«, d'b|f, gLltd"ns / s]GbLo;/f]sf/sf ljifox?sf] lhDd]jf/L s]Gb|df /xg' kg]{ k|:tfj u/]sf] kfOG5 ./fli6«o k|hftGq kf6L{]n] k]z u/]sf] cjwf/0ffkqdf b]zsf] cy{gLlt, df}lb|s gLlt, k//fi6«gLlt, /fli6«o ;'/Iff, ;fj{ef}d;Qf, j}b]lzs Jofkf/, lzIff gLlt, ;~rf/, jfl0fHo / /fli6«odxTjsf ljsf; cfof]hgfx? / cGt/ /fHo ;DaGwx? s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/sf] clwsf/sf] ljifo x'g' kg]{k|:tfj u/]sf] kfOG5 .g]skf dfn]n] /Iff, k//fi6« ;DaGw, cy{, df}lb|s, gLlt, s]Gb|Lo a}+s, s]Gb|Lo ljZjljBfno,7"nf pBf]uwGbf, 7"nf hnljB't of]hgfx?, /fli6«o /fhdfu{x?, /fli6«o xjfO;]jf, s]Gb|Lo x'nfs,/]l8of], b"/;~rf/, /]n oftfoft, s]Gb«Lo ljZjljBfno, gful/stf ljt/0f / lgodg, ljlzi6 ;]jfk|bfos c:ktfnx?, s]Gb|Lo ;z:q k|x/L ;DjGwL clwsf/ s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/sf] clwgdf /xg' kg]{pNn]v u/]sf] kfOG5 .g]skf -;+o'Qm_n] k]z u/]sf] cjwf/0ffkqdf j}b]lzs ;DaGw tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw;Demf}tf, ;}Go ;]jf tyf /fli6«o ;'/Iff, /fli6«o ;fj{ ef}ldstf, cv08tf tyf ;Ldf ;'/Iff,cWofudg tyf cªuLs[t gfu/Lstf, ;+rf/, x'nfs, /fli6«o oftfoft / /]n dfu{, cGt/f{li6«oJofkf/, j}b]lzs nufgL tyf ;xof]u, ;+o'Qm nufgLsf] If]q, s]Gb«Lo a}+s tyf df}lb«s k|0ffnL, s]Gb«;/sf/sf] k"0f{ clwsf/sf] ljifo x'g' kg]{ k|:tfj u/]sf] 5 .;b\efjgf kf6L{n] k]z u/]sf] ;+ljwfgsf] cjwf/0ffdf b]zsf] ;'/Iff, d'b|f, k//fi6« ;DaGwLljifo s]Gb«sf] clwsf/ If]q leq x'g] k|:tfj u/]sf] b]lvG5 .g]kfn dhb'/ ls;fg kf6L{n] /Iff, k//fi6«, oftfoft, ;~rf/, d'b|f, cGt/f{li6«o Jofkf/,lj1fg / k|ljlw, x'nfs, eG;f/, /fli6«o :t/sf] jg / lgs'~h, tfn tn}of, gbL / kxf8x?;DjGwL s]Gb|n] k|of]u ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ egL k|:tfj u/]sf] b]lvG5 ./fli6«o hgd'lQm kf6L{sf] cjwf/0ffkqdf k//fi6«, d'b«f, ;]gf, ldq /fi6«x?;Fu u/Lg] ;lGw;Demf}tf jf kf/jxg / jfl0fHo ;Demf}tf, xjfO{ tyf oftfoft ;]jf, x'nfs ;]jf, s]Gb«Lo a}+s,/fli6«o ;'/Iff, 7"nf pBf]u / cfof]hgf / ;fdl/s dxTjsf pBf]ux? s]Gb« ;/sf/sf] clwsf/cGtu{t /xg' kg]{ k|:tfj k]z u/]sf] 5 .g]=s=kf=Plss[tn] k//fi6« ;DaGw, /fli6[o ;'/Iff, df}lb|s k|0ffnL, eG;f/, 7"nf pBf]u,cGt/f{li6«o / cGt/k|fb]lzs ;Ldf lgwf{/0fsf] clwsf/, cjlzi6 clwsf/, /fli6«o cGt/f{li6«odxTjsf ljifo, /fli6«o /]ndfu{ / p8\oog, ljz]if /fhZj ;~rfng ;DjGwL s]Gb|n] k|of]u ug{kfpg] clwsf/ elg k|:tfj u/]sf] b]lvG5 .g]kfn ;befjgf kf6L{ -cfgGbb]jL_n] k]z u/]sf] cjwf/0ffkqdf /Iff, ljb]z ;DaGw,Fiscal, Tax, cGt/ k|fb]lzs ;DaGw, k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;'/Iff / Joj:yfkg, jftfj/0f, cfly{s tyf;fdflhs ljsf;, dfgj clwsf/, lzIff tyf :jf:Yo h:tf clwsf/ s]Gb«Lo ;/sf/sf] clwsf/leq /xg' kg]{ k|:tfj u/]sf] 5 .;dfhjfbL k|hftflGqs hgtf kf6L{ g]kfnn] k]z u/]sf] cjwf/0ffkqdf j}b]lzs ;DaGw,j}b]lzs Jofkf/, /fli6«o ;'/Iff, g]kfnL ;]gf, s]Gb«Lo k|x/L, df}lb«s gLlt, d'b«f Joj:yf tyf a}lsª,cWofudg, xjfO{ ;]jf, /]n oftfoft, /fli6«o /fhdfu{, cGt/ k|fb]lzs ;8s, /fli6«o oftfoftJoj:yfkg, b"/;~rf/, cGt/ k|b]z, åGå, k|ljlw cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf;, 7"nf hnljB't, x'nfs,s]Gb«Lo tYofÍ, cf}Bf]lus gLlt, ;+:yfut cfos/, d"No clea[l4s/, eG;f/, sfa{g s/, /fxbfgLz'Ns ;DaGwL ljifox? ;+3 cGtu{t /xg] k|:tfj u/]sf] 5 .34

g]kfn kl/jf/ bnn] k]z u/]sf] cjwf/0ffkqdf j}b]lzs ;DaGw, /fli6«o ;'/Iff gLlt,cfly{s gLlt, s]Gb«Lo k|x/L, s]Gb«Lo a}+s, s]Gb«Lo ljZjljBfno, /fli6«o tyf k|fb]lzs /]Nj] xjfO{:yn dfu{, cfof]hgfx?, s]Gb«Lo txaf6 lgoldt u/Lg'kg]{ ljifoj:t'x?, s]Gb«Lo tYofÍ, eG;f//fh:j, d"No clea[l4s/, cfo Pj+ cGtz'Ns s/, e"ld;'wf/ tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf /fli6«o gLltcflb s]Gb«Lo Joj:yfkg, ;+rfng / lgoGq0f s]Gb«Lo ;/sf/sf] clwsf/ leq /xg] k|:tfj u/]sf]5 .g]kfM/fli6«o kf6L{sf] cjwf/0ffkqdf s]Gb«Lo ;/sf/sf] clwsf/ leq k//fi6« dfldnf, d'b«fk|0ffnL, /Iff / k|fGt / k|b]zx?jLr ;dGjo / ;Gt'lnt ljsf; sfo{ dfq x'g' kg]{ k|:tfj u/]sf]5 .r'/]efj/ Pstf kf6L{ g]kfnn] k]z u/]sf] cjwf/0ffkqdf j}b]lzs ;DaGw, j}b]lzs Jofkf/,/fli6«o ;'/Iff, g]kfnL ;]gf, s]Gb«Lo k|x/L, df}lb«s gLlt, d'b«f Joj:yf tyf a}lsª, cWofudg, xjfO{;]jf, /]n oftfoft, /fli6«o /fhdfu{, cGt/ k|fb]lzs ;8s, /fli6«o oftfoft Joj:yfkg,b"/;~rf/, cGt/ k|b]z, åGå, k|ljlw cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf;, 7"nf hnljB't, x'nfs, s]Gb«LotYofÍ, cf}Bf]lus gLlt, ;+:yfut cfos/, d"No clej[l4s/, eG;f/, sfa{g s/, /fxbfgL z'Ns;DaGwL ljifox? ;+3 cGtu{t /xg] k|:tfj u/]sf] 5 .^=#= k|b]z -;+3Lo PsfO_ sf] clwsf/sf] ;"rL;+3Lo PsfOsf] lgdf{0f ePkl5 /fHozlQm s]Gb|af6 k|b]z Pjd :yfgLo tx;Dd lgIf]lktx'g] ub{5 . To:tf ;+3Lo PsfOx?nfO{ ;+ljwfgn] g} s]xL lglZrt clwsf/ k|bfg u/]sf] x'G5 /;+ljwfgåf/f k|bQ ljifodf k|b]zn] sfg"g jgfpg] ;Ddsf] k"0f{ clwsf/ -Exclusive power_ k|fKtu/]sf] x'G5 h;df s]Gb|n] s'g} x:tIf]k ug{ ;St}g . k|b]z jf :yfgLo dxTjsf ljifox? k|fok|b]zsf] clwsf/ If]q leq /xG5 .^=#=! k|b]z -;+3Lo PsfO_ sf] clwsf/sf] ;"rL ;DaGwdf cGt/f{li6«o cEof;;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfdf s]Gb|nfO{ ;+ljwfgn] ;'lglZrt u/]sf] ljifo jfx]s cGo ljifodf/fHonfO{ g} clwsf/ /xg] Joj:yf u/]sf] kfOG5 . o;y{ s]Gb|sf] ;"rLdf k/]sf !* j6f ljifojfx]s cGo ljifodf /fHox? sfg"g agfpg k"0f{¿kdf ;Ifd 5g\ . o:tf ljifodf d"nt lzIff,;fj{hlgs :jf:Yo, /fhdfu{, zflGtJoj:yf nufotsf ljifox? kb{5g\ .ci6]«lnofdf k|fGtnfO{ lzIff, :jf:Yo, ;8s / ljsf;sf sfo{ ug]{ clwsf/ k|bfg u/]sf]kfOG5 .Sofg8fdf !^ j6f ljifodf k|fGtnfO{ k"0f{ clwsf/ k|bfg u/]sf] kfOG5 . h; cGtu{t;Dklt / gful/s clwsf/, lzIff / :jf:Yo OToflb ljifox? kb{5g\ .blIf0f clk|msfdf k|fGtn] dfq} k|of]u ug{ kfpg] ljifodf jftfj/0f, hg;+Vof Joj:yfkg/ ljsf;, ;Dklt x:tfGt/0f, ;fj{hlgs oftfoft, of]hgf / ljsf;, ;8s oftfoft, e"–;+/If0f,ko{6g, zx/L tyf u|fdL0f ljsf; cflb /x]sf] b]lvG5 .hd{gLdf k|fGtnfO{ lzIff, k|fs[lts ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{g, e"–;+/If0f, k|fGtLoljsf; of]hgf, hn Joj:yfkg, k|]; / ;~rf/ cflb ljifodf clwsf/ k|bfg u/]sf] kfOG5 .:jL6h/Nof08 df ;+3Lo PsfO -SofG6f]g_ sf] clwsf/ If]q leq lzIff, ;+:s[lt, k|x/L,:yfgLo ;/sf/, k|fs[lts ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f, ;fj{hlgs :jf:Yo, k|flGto ;8s / k|fs[lts ;|f]tnufotsf ljifox? /x]sf 5g .ef/tsf] ;+ljwfgdf /fHosf] ;"rL pNn]v u/L tL ljifodf /fHox?nfO{ k"0f{ clwsf/lbOPsf] b]lvG5 . /fHosf] k"0f{ clwsf/df k/]sf ljifodf s]Gb|n] s'g} x:tIf]k ug{ ;St}g . o;cGt/ut ;fj{hlgs Joj:yf / zflGt, k|x/L, pRr cbfnt, /fHosf] ljifo leq kg]{ sfg"gsf]pNn3+gsf] ck/fw, :yfgLo ;/sf/, ;~rf/, ;8s, k'n, s[lif, lzIff, :jf:Yo, e'ld;'wf/ nufot^^ j6f ljifox? ;dfj]z u/]sf] kfOG5 .35

^=#=@ k|b]zsf] ;"rL ;DaGwdf g]kfnsf /fhg}lts kf6L{x?sf] b[li6sf]0fg]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df k|b]zn] s] s:tf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ kfpg] eGg] ;DjGwdf /fhg}ltsbnn] ljleGg k|:tfj u/]sf] b]lvG5 .g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg 3f]if0ffkq, @)^$ df s]Gb|df pNn]lvt afx]safFsL ;j} clwsf/ :jfoQ /fHodf /xg' kg]{ elg s]Gb|, k|b]z / :yfgLo tx;Ddsf] clwsf/sf]pNn]v u/]sf] b]lvG5 .g]kfnL sf+u|];n] k]z u/]sf] ;+ljwfgsf] cjwf/0ffkqdf cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts tyfeflifs clwsf/sf ;fy} s[lif, jg, lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/L, 3/hUuf, ;DklQ s/, ;jf/L ;fwg,/lhi6«]zg b:t'/ nufot cGo ;|f]tx? k|b]zsf] ;/sf/sf] clwgdf /xg' kg]{ k|:tfj u/]sf] kfOG5 .g]skf Pdfn]n] ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg 3f]if0ffkq, @)^$ df k|fb]lzs cbfnt, k|fb]lzs;]jf cfof]u, ;fj{hlgs ;'/Iff, pBf]u, Jofkf/ / >d Joj:yf, lzIff / :jf:Yosf] k|aGw, k|fb]lzs;8s ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f h:tf ljifo k|fb]l;s ;/sf/df / :yfgLo ;8s, uf|ld0f oftfoft, UofF;,ljB't / hn cfk"lt{, ;/;kmfO{, :yfgLo ;fj{hlgs lzIff / :jf:Yosf] k|jGw, :yfgLo k|fs[lts;|f]t / ;fwgsf] ;+/If0f / ljsf; ;+Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] clwsf/If]qsf] ljifo x'g'kg]{ elg k|:tfj u/]sf] kfOG5 .dw]zL hg clwsf/ kmf]/dn] ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgsf] 3f]if0ffkqdf k|b]zdf cfGtl/s;'/Iff tyf k|zf;g, lzIff / ;+:s[lt, ;|f]t Joj:yfkg / Jofkf/, s[lif tyf nw' pBf]u, kl/jxg,cfjf; lgdf{0f / hg:jf:Yo ;DjGwL ljifo k|fb]lzs ;/sf/sf] clwsf/sf] ljifo x'g' kg]{ eGg]k|:tfj u/]sf] b]lvG5 ./fli6«o k|hftGq kf6L{n] ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgsf] 3f]if0ffkqdf /fli6«o dxTjsf ljsf; /s]Gb|df pNn]lvt afx]s afFsL ;j} ljifodf k|flGto ;/sf/n] :jfoQ ¿kdf k|of]u ug{ kfpg' kg]{k|:tfj u/]sf] kfOG5 .g]skf dfn]n] k]z u/]sf] cjwf/0ffkqdf k|b]zdf k|fb]lzs tyf :yfgLo k|zf;g, lzIff:jf:Yo ;]jf, ljlzi6 ;]jf k|bfos c:ktfnx?, :jfoQ PsfOsf] ;DaGwg, k|fb]lzs tyf :yfgLooftfoft / kl/jxg, :yfgLo ;fwg ;|f]tx?sf] Joj:yfkg / pkof]u, k|fb]lzs Pj+ :yfgLo of]hgf/ ljsf; lgdf{0f, nf]s ;]jf cfof]u, k|x/L ;]jf, Gofo ;]jf, a}+s, pBf]u wGbfx?, :yfgLo s/x?,ljZjljBfnox?, ljz]if :jf:Yo kl/of]hgfx? k|flGto ;/sf/sf] clwgdf /xg' kg]{ elg k|:tfju/]sf] kfOG5 .g]skf ;+o'Qmn] k]z u/]sf] cjwf/0ffkqdf s]Gb«Lo ;/sf/sf] clwgdf /xL cf–cfˆgf]If]qsf] lzIff gLlt to ug]{, cg'udg / d"NofÍg ug]{, s]Gb«Lo d"n sfg"gdf /xL ;dfh sNof0ftyf hg clwsf/ gLlt, gfu/Ls :jf:Yo gLlt tyf To;sf] ;+rfng k|x/L an tyf To;sf]kl/rfng / lgoGq0f, :yfgLo s/x?sf] lgoGq0f tyf c;'nL, k|fGtLo tyf cGt/ k|fGtLooftfoftsf] Joj:yfkg tyf lgodg, k|fGtLo cfwf/df k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwgx?sf] Joj:yfkg,cGt/ k|fGtLo ;xof]u / ;DaGw lj:tf/ h:tf clwsf/x? k|flGto ;/sf/sf] clwgdf /xg' kg]{k|:tfj u/]sf] kfOG5 .;b\efjgf kf6L{n] k]z u/]sf] cjwf/0ffkqdf d'b|f, k|lt/Iff / ljb]z dfdnf afx]ssf ;j}clwsf/ k|flGto ;/sf/sf] clwgdf /xg' kg]{ elg k|:tfj u/]sf] kfOG5 .g]kfn dhb'/ ls;fg kf6L{n] k]z u/]sf] cjwf/0ffkqdf k|b]zdf s[lif, jg, pBf]u, lzIff,:jf:Yo /fHo :t/sf] oftfoft, 3/]n' / s'6L/ Joj;fo, k|fGtLo s/, efiff, snf, ;+:s[lt k|fGtLo:t/sf] jg, tfn tn}of cflb /fHo ;/sf/sf] clwgdf /xg' kg]{ elg k|:tfj u/]sf] kfOG5 ./fli6«o hgd'lQm kf6L{n] k]z u/]sf] cjwf/0ffkqdf s]Gb«Lo ;/sf/df /xg] eGg] pNn]lvtclwsf/x? afx]s c? ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/x? ;+ljwfg clwg:y /xL /fHox?df /xg] / To; cGtu{tcfly{s, pBf]u, s[lif, e"ld, l;rfO{, lzIff, efiff, wd{, ;fgf hn ljB't, s/ / :jf:Yo gLlt/fHosf] clwsf/ leq /xg' kg]{ k|:tfj u/]sf] 5 .g]=s=kf= Plss[tn] k]z u/]sf] cjwf/0ffkqdf s]Gb|n] x]g]{ ljifo jfx]ssf cGo /fhgLlts,cfly{s / ;fdflhs cflb ljifo k|fGtLo ;/sf/sf] cwLgdf /xg' kg]{ egL k|:tfj u/]sf] kfOG5 .36

g]kfn ;befjgf kf6L{ -cfgGbb]jL_n] k]z u/]sf] cjwf/0ffkqdf k|b]zsf] clwsf/ If]qcGtu{t z}lIfs / ;f+:s[lts ljsf;, efiff, k|fs[lts ;|f]t / Joj:yfkg, ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0f,:jf:Yo, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f, k|fljlws lzIff, ko{6g, pRr cbfnt, s/, s[lif, l;+rfO{, dT:okfng,ljB't, ;fdflhs ;'/Iff, k|x/L, e"ld Joj:yfkg / :yfgLo ljsf; /xg' kg]{ k|:tfj u/]sf] 5 .;dfhjfbL k|hftflGqs hgtf kf6L{ g]kfnn] k]z u/]sf] cjwf/0ffkqdf lzIff, :jf:Yo,;dfh sNof0f, k|fb]lzs k|x/L, pBf]u, s[lif, jg, k|fb]lzs oftfoft, k|fb]lzs k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf]bf]xg / Joj:yfkg, l;+rfO{, hnfwf/ If]q Joj:yfkg, j:tL of]hgf / ljsf;, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f:yfgLo s/ ;DaGwL ljifox? k|b]z cGtu{t /xg] k|:tfj k/]sf] 5 .g]kfn kl/jf/ bnn] k]z u/]sf] cjwf/0ffkqdf k|fb]lzs cbfnt, k|fb]lzs If]q leqsfoftfoft, lzIff, k|fb]lzs k|x/L, k|fb]lzs ;]jf cfof]u, ;fj{hlgs ;'/Iff, k|b]z leqsf ljljw;|f]t, pBf]u, Jofkf/, >d Joj:yf, eflifs ;+/If0f / k|j4{g, k|fb]lzs Joj:yfkg, ;+rfng /lgoGq0f k|flGto ;/sf/sf] clwsf/df kg]{ k|:tfj u/]sf] 5 .g]kfM /fli6«o kf6L{n] k]z u/]sf] cjwf/0ffkqdf s]Gb«Lo ;/sf/sf] clwsf/ leq kg]{k//fi6« dfldnf, d'b«f k|0ffnL, /Iff / k|fGt / k|b]zx?jLr ;dGjo / ;Gt'lnt ljsf; sfo{ afx]sc? ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ k|fGtdf x'g' kg]{ k|:tfj u/]sf] 5 .r'/]efj/ /fli6«o Pstf kf6L{n] k]z u/]sf] cjwf/0ffkqdf lzIff, :jf:Yo, ;dfh sNof0f,k|fb]lzs k|x/L, pBf]u, s[lif, jg, k|fb]lzs oftfoft, k|fb]lzs k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] b]fxg /Joj:yfkg, l;+rfO{, hnfwf/ If]q Joj:yfkg, j:tL of]hgf / ljsf;, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f :yfgLos/ ;DaGwL ljifox? k|b]z cGtu{t /xg] k|:tfj k/]sf] 5 .^=$= :yfgLo txsf] ;"rLk|foM ;j} ;+3Lo b]zx?df :yfgLo txsf] ;/sf/sf] klg Joj:yf ul/Psf] x'G5 . oBlk:yfgLo txsf] ;/sf/sf] ;+u7g, sfo{If]q / clwsf/df eg] ;dfgtf kfOb}g . hgtfsf] ;j}eGbfl56f] kx'+r k'Ug] ;/sf/ :yfgLo txsf] ;/sf/ xf] . cfdhgtfsf] b}lgs hLjg;+u hf]l8Psf :yfgLodxTjsf (Local importance) ljifox?df :yfgLo txnfO{ clwsf/ k|bfg ubf{ Jofjxfl/s /k|efjsf/L x'g] dfGotf /x]sf] 5 .^=$=!= :yfgLo txsf] ;"rL ;DaGwdf cGt/fli6«o cEof;:yfgLo ;/sf/sf] sfo{If]q :jfotm, ljs]Gb|Lt jf ljlgof]lht k|s[ltsf] x'g;S5 .ci6«]lnof, Sofg8f, hd{gL, ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf nufot b]zx?df :yfgLo ;/sf/nfO{ /fHo jfk|b]z dftxt /flvPsf] 5 eg] ef/t, ch]{G6Lgf, ci6«Lof, :jL6h/Nof08 cflb b]zx?df ;+ljwfgn]g} :jfoQ zf;g ;+rfng ug{ kfpg] ;+/rgf /fv]sf] kfOG5 . :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] ;+/rgf /sfo{If]q ;+ljwfgdf Joj:yf ul/Pdf To;af6 ;+j}wflgs dfGotf k|fKt u/]sf] dflgG5 . tyflk tL:yfgLo ;/sf/n] ;+3Lo ;+;b jf k|b]zsf] ljwflosfn] jgfPsf] sfg"gsf] ;Ldfdf /xL sfo{ug'{kb{5 .;fdfGotof ;+3Lo /fHodf ;+ljwfgn] ;+3 / k|b]zx?sf jLr :ki6 clwsf/sf] afF8kmfF8u/]sf] x'G5 / :yfgLo txnfO{ ;+3Lo PsfO cGt/ut /flvPsf] x'G5 . tyflk sltko b]zx?df 7"nf/ /fhwfgL zx/x?nfO{ ljz]if :jfoQtf k|bfg ul/Psf] b]lvG5 eg] sltko b]zx?df k|b]z ;/sf/cGtu{tsf] ljWfflosfn] agfPsf] sfg"g cg';f/ :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] Joj:yf u/]sf] kfOG5 . t/kl5Nnf lbgx?df ;+ljwfgdf g} :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] ;DjGwdf Joj:yf ug]{ k|rng ljsl;t ePsf]b]lvG5 . ch]{G6Lgf, ef/t, j]lNhod, :jL6h/Nof08, blIf0f clk|msf, cli6«of h:tf b]zn] ;+ljwfgdfg} :yfgLo :jzf;gsf] :ki6 Joj:yf u/]sf] b]lvG5 . tL b]zx?df :yfgLo ;/sf/nfO{ t];|f]dxTjk"0f{ e"–If]qLo zf;g clwsf/ k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . ;+3Lo ;+/rgfdf :yfgLo txsf] ;/sf/sf]Joj:yf ul/Psf]df ltgLx?sf] clwsf/ If]qsf] klg Joj:yf ul/g' cfjZos x'G5 . :yfgLo;/sf/nfO{ k|fb]lzs ;/sf/sf] dftxtdf /flvP klg ;+j}wflgs ¿kdf sfo{If]q lgwf{/0f ubf{ tLlgsfox?n] k|of{Kt :jfoQtf k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] / s]Gb| jf k|b]zsf] cgfjZos x:tIf]kaf6 d'Qm /xg;Sb5 .37

^=$=@= :yfgLo txsf] ;DaGwdf g]kfnsf] ljutsf] cEof; / k|of]u:yfgLo txnfO{ :yfgLo dxTjsf ljifox?df clwsf/ k|bfg ubf{ Tof] k|efjsf/L /Jofjxfl/s x'g ;Sg] dfGotf /x]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df :yfgLo txnfO{ zf;g ;+rfngdf;xefuL u/fpg] p2]Zon] klg ;+3Lo ;+/rgfdf hfg'kg]{ ePsf]n] :yfgLo txnfO{ ;+j}wflgs ¿kdfdfGotf lbO{ ltgLx?sf] clwsf/sf] Uof]/G6L ug]{ cfjZostf /x]sf] 5 . ljutdf :yfgLo :jfoQzf;g P]g, @)%% n] :yfgLo txnfO{ sfg"gL ¿kdf s]xL clwsf/x? k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . :yfgLotxsf clwsf/x? cGt/ut lgDg ljifox? kg{ ;Sg] b]lvG5 . k|fylds :jf:Yo gu/kflnsf k|x/L vfg]kfgL ;–;fgf l;+rfO{ cfof]hgf ;+rfng ;fd'bflos jg :yfgLo ;|f]tsf] kl/rfng :yfgLo ef}lts k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f :yfgLo ;DklQ s/, ;jf/L ;fwg s/ / e"ld s/:yfgLo txnfO{ s] s:tf clwsf/ k|bfg ug]{ ;DjGwdf ljleGg /fhgLlts bnsf] cf–cfkm\gf]cjwf/0ff /x]sf] 5 .^=$=#= :yfgLo lgsfosf] ;"rL ;DaGwdf g]kfnsf /fhg}lts kf6L{sf] b[li6sf]0fg]skf dfcf]jfbLn] :yfgLo oftfoft, :yfgLo s/, lzIff, :jf:Yo, ;/;kmfO{, :yfgLo;fwg ;|f]t cflb ljifo :yfgLo txsf] ;/sf/sf] clwsf/df /xg' kg]{ pNn]v u/]sf] kfOG5 eg]cGo /fhgLlts bnx?sf] 3f]if0ff kqdf :yfgLo lgsfosf] clwsf/ af/]df pNn]v ePsf] kfOb}g .g]kfnL s+fu|];sf] cjwf/0ffkqdf s[lif, jg, lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/L, 3/ hUuf, ;DkQLs/, ;jf/L ;fwg, /lhi6«]zg b:t'/ nufotsf /fHosf] ;|f]tx? :yfgLo ;/sf/df /xg] k|:tfju/]sf] 5 .g]skf Pdfn]n] :yfgLo ;8s, u|fld0f oftfoft, UofF;, ljB't / hn cfk"lt{, ;/;kmfO{,:yfgLo ;fj{hlgs lzIff / :jf:Yosf] k|jGw, :yfgLo k|fs[lts ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] ;+/If0f / ljsf;;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f :yfgLo txsf] ;/sf/sf] clwsf/ x'g' kg]{ pNn]v u/]sf] kfOG5 ./fli6«o hgdf]rf{sf] cjwf/0ffkqdf :yfgLo lgsfodf :yfgLo k|zf;g, :yfgLo ljsf;,lzIff, af6f], vfg]kfgL, s"nf], :yfgLo lgdf{0f, hGd, d[To' btf{, :yfgLo k|s[ltsf d'2f dfldnf,:yfgLo s/ cflb :yfgLo lgsfodf /xg' kg]{ k|:tfj u/]sf] 5 .;dfhjfbL k|hftflGqs hgtf kf6L{ g]kfnsf] cjwf/0ffkqdf lzIff, :jf:Yo, ;/;kmfO{,s[lif tyf kz'kfng lj:tf/, :yfgLo ;8s, l;+rfO{, vfg]kfgL, dfOqmf] hnljB't, jftfj/0f;+/If0f, ;fdflhs ;'/Iff, :yfgLo l;k / k|ljlw / snfsf] ;+/If0f cflb :yfgLo lgsfo cGtu{t/xg] k|:tfj u/]sf] 5 .g]kfn kl/jf/ bnsf] cjwf/0ffkqdf :yfgLo k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwgsf] ;+/If0f / ljsf;,:yfgLo ;8s oftfoft, k|fylds lzIff, :jf:Yo, l;+rfO{, ;/;kmfO{ / :yfgLo s/ nufotsf]Joj:yfkg, ;+rfng / lgoGo0f :yfgLo txsf] x'g] k|:tfj u/]sf] 5 .r'/]efj/ /fli6«o Pstf kf6L{ g]kfnsf] cjwf/0ffkqdf k|fylds lzIff, :jf:Yo, ;/;kmfO{,s[lif tyf kz'kfng lj:tf/, :yfgLo ;8s, l;+rfO{, vfg]kfgL, dfOqmf] hnljB't, jftfj/0f;+/If0f, ;fdflhs ;'/Iff, :yfgLo l;k / k|ljlw / snfsf] ;+/If0f cflb :yfgLo lgsfo cGtu{t/xg] k|:tfj u/]sf] 5 .38

^=%= ;femf ;"rL -Concurrent List)s]Gb| / ;+3Lo PsfO b'j}n] cf cfkmgf] clwsf/ If]q leq k|of]u ug]{ clwsf/x?nfO{ ;femfclwsf/ -Concurrent powers_ elgG5 . s]Gb| / ;+3Lo PsfOx? jLr cj;/sf] ;dfgtf ;'lglZrtug{ tyf ;/sf/L ;]jfdf ;xh kx'r sfod ug{ kf/:kl/s ;xof]usf] cfjZostf kb{5 . sltkoljifox? s]Gb| / k|b]z b'j}n] ;~rfng ug'{ kg]{ k|s[ltsf] x'G5 . To:tf ljifox? ;femf clwsf/sfljifo x'g ;Sg] x'bf ;dfgfGt/ clwsf/ k|bfg ul/g' kb{5 . ;+3Lo Joj:yfdf s]Gb| / k|b]zsf] cnucnu clwsf/sf] ;"rLsf] cnfjf ;dfg dxTj / pkof]usf sltko ljifox?sf] nflu ;femf ;"rL;+ljwfgdf g} pNn]v ug]{ ul/G5 . To:tf ljifox?df s]Gb| / k|b]znfO{ cf cfkmgf If]qdf sfg"glgdf{0f ug]{ clwsf/ ;d]t /xG5 . ;femf ljifodf b'j} txsf ;/sf/n] sfg"g lgdf{0f ubf{ Pscfk;df aflemPdf s'g sfg"g dfGo x'g] eGg] k|Zg dxTjk"0f{ x'g cfp5 . ;femf ljifodf k|b]zsf]sfg"g s]Gb|sf] sfg"g;+u aflemPdf s]Gb| s} sfg"g dfGo x'g] / aflemPsf] xb;Dd k|b]zsf] sfg"gcdfGo x'g] l;4fGtnfO{ ef/tdf :jLsf/ ul/Psf] kfOG5 .;femf clwsf/sf] ;"rL /fVg'sf] d"n tfTko{ sltko ljifox? k"0f{t /fli6«o dxTjsf x'b}gg\eg] sltko ljifox? ljz'4 ;+3Lo PsfO jf k|b]z / :yfgLo lgsfosf] ;DjGwsf ljifo dfq klgx'b}gg\ . To:tf ljifox?df s]Gb| / k|b]zsf] ;femf lxt / :jfy{ lglxt /x]sf] x'G5 . sltkocj:yfdf k|b]z jf ;+3Lo PsfOx?nfO{ s]Gb|n] g} sfg"g agfO lbg' kg]{ cfjZostf klg kb{5 eg]sltko kl/l:yltdf k"0f{t s]Gb|n] sfg"g lgdf{0f u/L lbP/ dfq klg k'Ub}g . o;sf ;fy} s]Gb| /k|b]z jLr sltko ljifodf Ps¿ktf sfod ug'{ kg]{ klg x'g cfp5 . t;y{ s]Gb| / k|b]z jLr;femf clwsf/sf] ;"rL jgfpg' kg]{ cfjZostf /xG5 .;femf ;'rLsf] k|of]usf] nflu ;+3 tyf k|b]z b'j} txn] sfg"g lgdf{0f ug{ ;S5g\ . o;/Lsfg"g lgdf{0f ubf{ ;+3 / k|b]zsf] sfg"g afFlemg ;Sg] ePsf]n] ;+3Lo Joj:yflksfn] ;femf ;"rLsf]ljifodf lglZrt cfwf/e"t l;4fGt, dfGotf / 9frfFsf] lgdf{0f ug{] / ;f] cfwf/df k|fb]lzsJoj:yflksfn] cfjZos sfg"g lgdf{0f ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf canDag ug{ ;lsG5 .^=%=! ;femf ;"rL ;DaGwdf cGt/fli6«o cEof;ef/tsf] ;+ljwfgn] s]Gb| / /fHox?sf ;femf clwsf/sf] ;"rL ;+ljwfgdf g} Joj:yfu/]sf] 5 h; cGtu{t kmf}Hbf/L sfg"g / sfo{ljlw, ;DjGw ljR5]b, ljjfx, ;Dklt x:tfGt/0f,s/fl/o ;DjGw, Gofo k|zf;g / 6«]8 o"lgog h:tf %@ j6f ljifo ;femf clwsf/sf ¿kdf/flvPsf] 5 .5 .blIf0f clk|msfdf lzIff, :jf:Yo, cfjf; h:tf ljifonfO{ ;femf ;"rLsf ¿kdf /flvPsf]Sofg8fsf] ;+ljwfgdf s[lif / cWofudg h:tf ljifonfO{ ;femf ;"rLdf /flvPsf]kfOG5 .hd{gLsf] ;+ljwfgdf gful/s sfg"g, kmf}hbf/L sfg"g / ;hfosf] sfof{Gjog cbfntsf];+u7g / sfo{ljlw, sfg"g Joj;fo, gf]6/L / sfg"gL k/fdz{, hGd d[To' / ljjfx btf{,xftxltof/ tyf ljikmf]6s kbfy{ ;DalGw sfg"g, ;fj{hlgs sNof0f, cfly{s ljifo ;DalGwsfg"g, >d sfg"g, ;fj{hlgs ;8s, oftfoft Joj:yfkg lgdf{0f cflb ;femf ;"rLsf] ¿kdf/x]sf] kfOG5 .^=^= cjlzi6 clwsf/ ;DaGwL Joj:yf (Residuary Powers);/sf/sf txx?df clwsf/ If]q leq kg]{ elg :ki6 ls6fg gul/Psf clwsf/x?nfO{cljlzi6 clwsf/ elgG5 . ;+ljwfg / sfg"gdf /fHosf] s'g} txsf] clwsf/ If]q leq kg]{ eg]/ls6fg gul/Psf / ljifoj:t'sf] k|s[ltaf6 s'g} txsf] sfo{ If]qdf gkg]{ e}k/L k|s[ltsf sfo{x?cjlzi6 clwsf/ cGt/ut kg{ cfp5g\ . dflg;sf] 1fg / ;f]r ;Lldt / ck"0f{ x'g] x'gfn]eljiodf cfpg ;Sg] ;d:of / ljifoj:t'sf] jt{dfgdf g} klxrfg u/L b[li6 k'¥ofpg ;+ej x'b}g .To;}u/L jt{dfg lj1fg / k|ljlwsf] ljsf;n] ubf{ eljiodf cfpg ;Sg] sltko s'/fnfO{ jt{dfgdfg} cGbfh ug{ klg ;lsb}g . slxn]sfxL g;f]lrPsf] jf ljrf/ gul/Psf] cj:yf / kl/l:ylt ;[hgfx'g ;St5 / To;af6 gof ljifoj:t' pTkGg x'g uO{ ;/sf/sf] x:tIf]ksf] cfjZostf kg{ ;St5. To:tf] cj:yfdf To:tf] ljifo s'g txsf] ;/sf/sf] If]q leq kg]{ eGg] ;d:of kg]{ x'bf ;+3Lo39

k|0ffnL ckgfPsf k|fo h'g;'s} d'n'sdf klg o; k|sf/sf] cljlzi6 clwsf/ s'g txsf] ;/sf/df/xg] elg ls6fgL] Joj:yf ul/g] ul/G5 .;+ljwfg tyf sfg"g jdf]lhdsf] s'g} sfo{ /fHosf tLg c+u Joj:yflksf, sfo{kflnsf tyfGofokflnsfsf] clwsf/ cGt/ut kg]{ egL ls6fg gePdf To:tf] ljifo cjlzi6 clwsf/sf]k|of]uaf6 ;Dkfbg ug'{ kg]{ ljifo leq kg{ cfp5 . ;+ljwfg Pjd sfg"gdf ljifo / lgsfogtf]lsPsf] l:yltdf To:tf] sfo{ sfo{kflnsfaf6 ;Dkfbg ug'{ kg]{ x'gfn] cjlzi6 clwsf/sf] k|of]uk|foM ;+3Lo -s]Gb|Lo_ sfo{kflnsfåf/f x'g] ub{5 .^=^=! cjlzi6 clwsf/ ;DaGwdf cGt/f{li6«o cDof;cjlzi6 clwsf/sf] Joj:yfsf] af/]df k|b]z cyjf s]Gb|df sxf“ /fVg] eGg] af/]cGt/f{li6«o cEof; cWoog ubf{ s'g} Pp6f dfGotfdf /x]/ lg0f{o u/]sf] e]l6b}g . cf–cfkm\g}b]zsf] ljz]iftf / cfjZostf cg';f/ cljlzi6 clwsf/ s'g txsf] ;/sf/df /xg] elg ls6fgL]Joj:yf u/]sf] kfpb5f}+ . h:tf] ls cd]l/sf, :jL6h/Nof08, ci6«]lnof, ;+o'Qm c/a Old/]6;\h:tf Ps cfk;df cfa4 ;+3 /fHox?df dfq xf]Og, hd{g h:tf] /fHo lj:tf/sf] qmddf Plss[tePsf] b]z tyf a|flhn, :k]g, af]l:gof–xh{uf]ljgf, d]lS;sf], e]g]h'onf, ch]{lG6gf, ?;, dn]lzof,Olyof]lkof, O/fs h:tf PsfTdsjf6 ;+3fTdsdf uPsf cyf{t Ps ;fy /lx /xg] ;+3 /fHox?dfklg cjlzi6 clwsf/ k|b]zx?nfO{ g} lbOPsf] 5 . blIf0f clk|msf, j]nfp, ef/t h:tf b]zx?dfeg] cjlzi6 clwsf/ s]Gb|nfO{ lbOPsf] 5 . To;/L g} ef/tdf hDd' sflZd/sf] xsdf cjlzi6clwsf/ /fHonfO{ lbPsf] 5 eg] cGosf] xsdf s]Gb|nfO{ lbOPsf] 5 . Sofgf8fdf cjlzi6clwsf/ klxnf s]Gb|nfO{ lbOPsf] ePtfklg So"j]s /fHodf k[ystfjfbL cfGbf]ng rls{PkZrft\xfn Toxf“sf] ;+ljwfgdf cjlzi6 clwsf/ sfg"gdf Joj:yf u/] adf]lhd x'g] eg]/ dfq pNn]vul/Psf] 5 . Toxf“ cjlzi6 clwsf/ Ps cfk;df ;xdltsf] cfwf/df k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ .To;/L g} w]/} åGbkZrft\ ;+3Lotfdf uPsf] ;'8fgn] cjlzi6 clwsf/sf] ;Gbe{df ;+ljwfgsf]wf/f !!@ n] s]Gb| / /fHo b'j}sf] ;femf bfloTj x'g] eg]/ pNn]v u/]sf] 5 .^=^=@= g]kfnsf] ;Gb{edf cjlzi6 clwsf/M/fhg}lts bnsf] cjwf/0ffkq÷3f]if0ffkq÷k|ltj4tfkq / cGt/f{li6«o k|rng / cEof;,hgdt ;+sng 6f]nLsf] k|ltj]bg, k|ZgfjnLsf] pQ/, ljleGg JolQmut / ;+:yfut ¿kdf cfPsf];'emfj tyf g]kfnsf] ljljwtfo'Qm ef}uf]lns kl/j]z ;d]tsf cfwf/df cjlzi6 clwsf/ ;+3 -s]Gb|_ df /xg] Joj:yf al9 pkof]uL / Jofjxfl/s x'g] ePsf]n] cjlzi6 clwsf/ ;+3 -s]Gb|_ df/xg] Joj:yf k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 .^=&= g]kfnsf] ;Gb{edf k|:tfljt clwsf/sf] ;"rL/fhg}lts bnsf] cjwf/0ffkq÷3f]if0ffkq÷k|ltj4tfkq / cGt/f{li6«o k|rng / cEof;,hgdt ;+sng 6f]nLsf] k|ltj]bg, k|ZgfjnLsf] pQ/, ljleGg JolQmut / ;+:yfut ¿kdf cfPsf];'emfj tyf dfggLo ;b:ox?n] JoQm ug'{ ePsf] ljrf/ ;d]tnfO{ cWoog Pj+ ljZn]if0f ubf{;+3Lo ;/sf/nfO{ alnof] agfpg] tyf k|fb]lzs ;/sf/nfO{ clwsf/ ;DkGg agfpg] p2]Zosf ;fy;+3, k|b]z, :yfgLo tx / ljz]if ;+/rgf cGtu{tsf :jfoQ If]qx?sf] clwsf/sf] ;"rL / ;femf;"rL u/L cnu cnu ;"rL k|:tfljt ul/Psf] 5 . ;+3sf] ;"rL, k|b]zsf] ;"rL, :yfgLo txsf] ;"rL/ :jfoQ If]qsf] ;"rLdf pNn]v ePsf ljifodf tt\tt\ txnfO{ sfg"g agfpg] nufot sfo{sf/L /Goflos clwsf/ /xg] Joj:yf ug'{ pko'Qm x'g] b]lvG5 .qm=;+ ;+3sf] ;"rL k|b]zsf] ;"rL :yfgLo txsf] ;"rL31. /Iff / ;]gf ;DaGwL32. k|fb]lzs d"n sfg"g33. s]Gb«Lo k|x/L jn k|x/L, k|zf;g / zflGt ;'/Iff gu/ k|x/L, ;fd'bflos k|x/L34. s]Gb|Lo a}+s, ljQLo gLlt,df}lb«s gLlt, ljb]zL cg'bfg,;xof]u / C0fa}+s tyf ljlQo ;+:yf, ;xsf/L;+:yf , s]Gb«sf] ;xdltdfj}b]lzs cg'bfg / ;xof]u;xsf/L ;+:yf40

35. s]Gb«Lo b'/ ;~rf/, /]l8of]lk|mSj]G;Lsf] afF8kmFf8, 6]lnlehg/ x'nfs36. eG;f/, c+tz'Ns, d"No clea[l4s/, ;+:yfut cfos/, /fxbfgL,le;f, x'nfs, ko{6g b:t'/, ;]jfz'Ns b:t'//]l8of], Pkm= Pd, 6]lnlehgJolQmut cfos/, ;DklQ s/,Jofj;flos s/, dfnkf]t,kf/>lds s/, 3/ hUuf/lhi6«]zg z'Ns, ;jf/L ;fwgs/, dgf]/~hg s/, lj1fkg s/,ko{6g, s[lif cfodf s/, ;]jfz'Ns b:t'/41Pkm= Pd ;+rfng:yfgLo s/ -;DkQL, 3/ axfn,;jf/L ;fwg s/ cflb_, ;]jfz'Ns b:t'/, ko{6g z'Ns,lj1fkg s/, dfnkf]t lt/f]37. k|fs[lts >f]taf6 k|fKt /f]ofN6L k|fs[lts >f]taf6 k|fKt /f]ofN6L k|fs[lts >f]taf6 k|fKt /f]ofN6L38. s]Gb«Lo lghfdtL ;]jf Joj:yfkg k|fb]lzs lghfdtL ;]jfsf]Joj:yfkg:yfgLo ;]jfsf] Joj:yfkg39. s]Gb|Lo tYofÍ k|fb]lzs tYofÍ :yfgLo tYofÍ / clen]v;+sng40. s]Gb|Lo :t/sf 7'nf ljB't,l;rfO{ / cGo cfof]hgfx? tyfkl/of]hgfx?41. s]Gb«Lo ljZjljBfno, s]Gb|Lok':tsfnok|fb]lzs :t/sf ljB't, l;rfO{cfof]hgf Pj+ cGo cfof]hgftyf kl/of]hgfljZjljBfno, pRr lzIff,k':tsfno, ;+u|xfno:yfgLo :t/sf ljsf;cfof]hgf / kl/of]hgfx?k|fylds / dfWoflds lzIff42. s]Gb«Lo :jf:Yo gLlt :jf:Yo ;]jf cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo / ;/;kmfO{43. ;+3Lo Joj:yflksf, ;+3Losfo{kflnsf ;DaGwL dfldnf44. cGt/f{li6«o Jofkf/, ljlgdo,aGb/ufx, Sjf/]G6fOg45. cGt/f{li6«o tyf cGt//fHo xjfO{p8\8og46. ljb]z tyf s'6\g}lts dfdnf /;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;DaGwL47. cGt/f{li6«o ;GwL , ;'k'b{uL /cGt/fli6«o ;Ldf Joj:yfkg48. /fli6«o /]n tyf /fli6«onf]sdfu{sf] Joj:yfkgk|fb]lzs Joj:yflksf, :yfgLo;/sf/ ;DaGwL / ljz]if ;+/rgf;DaGwLcGt/ k|fb]lzs Jofkf/k|fb]lzs xjfO{ ;]jfk|fb]lzs /]Nj] / k|fb]lzsnf]sdfu{49. /fli6«o u'Ktr/ tyf cg';Gwfg k|fb]lzs cg';Gwfg Jo'/f]50. ;jf]{Rr cbfnt÷;+j}wflgscbfnt51. gful/stf, /fxbfgL, le;f,cWofudg ;DalGw sfg"g52. cf0fljs phf{ / cGtl/If;DaGwL53. lgjf{rg cfof]u, /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]u, clVtof/b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u, nf]sk|fb]lzs cbfnt, kfl/jfl/scbfnt, afn cbfnt:yfgLo ahf/ Joj:yfkg:yfgLo ;8s÷u|fdL0f;8s÷s[lif ;8s:yfgLo cbfnt, d]nldnfk /dWo:ytfgful/stf / /fxbfgL Joj:yfkg gful/stf, /fxbfgL ljt/0f /clen]v Joj:yfkgk|fb]lzs :t/sf cfof]ux?

;]jf cfof]u, /fli6«o dlxnfcfof]u, ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zLcfof]u, blnt cfof]u, /fli6«oof]hgf cfof]u, dw]zL cfof]u,clt cNk;+Vos, ;LdfGts[ttyf lk5l8Psf] If]q pTyfgcfof]u / cflbjf;L hghfltcfof]u nufot s]Gb|Lo dxTjsfcfof]ux?54. o'4 / k|lt/Iff55. xftxltof/, v/vhfgf sf/vfgftyf pTkfbg ;DalGw56. e"ld Joj:yfkg, hUufsf]clen]v / dfnkf]t lgwf{/0f57. gfk – tf}n58. vfgL pTvgg\ vfgL cGj]if0f / Joj:yfkg59. jLdf gLlt jLdf Joj:yfkg / ;+rfng60. kmf}hbf/L sfg"gsf] lgdf{0f61. af}l4s ;DktL -k]6]G6, l8hfOg,k|ltlnkL clwsf/_62. efiff, ;+:s[lt, lnkL / wd{sf];+/If0f / k|of]u63. k|b]z leqsf] jg hËn,hnpkof]u64. s[lif tyf kz' ljsf;,snsf/vfgf, cf}Bf]lus/0f,Jofkf/ Joj;fo, oftfoft,cNsf]xlns kbfy{ pTkfbg,lgdf{0f vl/b ljlqm65. k':ts tyf 5fkfvfgf66. u'7L Joj:yfkg3/ hUuf wgL k"hf{ ljt/0fs[lif tyf kz'kfng67. a[4, a[4f, ckfË, dlxnf, Psndlxnf / czQmx?sf] Joj:yfkg68. a]/f]huf/sf] tYofÍ ;+sng69. s[lif k|;f/sf] Joj:yfkg,;+rfng / lgoGq0f70. hGd d[To' nufotsf JolQmut36gf btf{;+3 / k|b]zsf] ;femf clwsf/ ;"rL (Concurrent List)1. kmf}hbf/L / b]jfgL sfo{ljlw / k|df0f / zky -sfg"gL dfGotf, ;fj{hlgs sfo{ / clen]v /Goflos k|lqmof_2. cfjZos j:t'sf] cfk"lt{, ljt/0f, d"No lgoGq0f, u'0f:t/ / cg'udg42

3. /fHosf] ;'/Iff;Fu ;DalGwt ljifodf lgjf/s gh/ aGb, sf/fuf/ tyf lx/f;t Joj:yfkg /zflGt ;'/Iffsf] Joj:yf4. Ps k|b]zaf6 csf]{ k|b]zdf cleo'Qm, y'g'jf / s}bLsf] :yfgfGt/0f5. kfl/jfl/s dfdnf -ljjfx, ;DklQ x:tfGt/0f, ;DaGw ljR5]b, clt cNk;+Vos, 6'x'/f, wd{k'q,pQ/flwsf/, ;+o'Qm kl/jf/ / kf/kfr's] _ ;DaGwL sfg"g6. ;DklQ k|flKt, clwu|x0f / clwsf/sf] ;[hgf7. s/f/, ;fem]bf/L / Ph]G;L ;DaGwL8. 6f6kN6]sf] / bfdf;fxL ;DaGwL (Bankruptcy and insolvency)9. cf}iflw / ljifflw10. cfly{s / ;fdflhs of]hgf, kl/jf/ lgof]hg / hg;+Vof lgoGq0f11. ;fdflhs ;'/Iff / /f]huf/L, 6«]8 o'lgog, cf}Bf]lus / dhb'/sf xs clwsf/ / ljjfb ;DaGwLsfo{12. lrlsT;f, sfg"gL / cGo k]zfx?13. 36gf tYofË hGd d[To' btf{14. hndfu{15. ;+rf/ dfWod ;DaGwL16. k"/ftTj, k|flrg :df/s / ;+u|xfno ;+/If0f ;DaGwL17. pBf]u tyf vlgh / ef}lts k"jf{wf/18. Sofl;gf], lr7\7f, ;jf/L ;fwg cg'dlt19. clUg tyf k|flslts k|sf]k lgoGq0f / /fxt tyf k"glg{df{0f20. ko{6g, vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{21. rnlrq, l;g]df xn ;DaGwL22. jLdf23. ul/aL lgjf/0f / cf}Bf]lus/0f24. j}1flgs cg';Gwfg, lj1fg k|ljlw / dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf;25. cGt/k|fb]lzs ¿kdf km}lnPsf] hËn, hËnL hgfj/, r/r'?ËL, lxdfn, /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf hnpkof]u26. /fli6«o tyf cGt/k|fb]lzs kof{j/0f Joj:yfkg27. e"ld gLlt^=*= ljz]if ;+/rgf cGtu{t lgdf{0f x'g] :jfoQ If]qx?sf] clwsf/ ;"rLljz]if ;+/rgf cGt{ut :yfkgf x'g] :jfoQ If]qsf] u7g / ;Ldf+sg k|fb]lzs ;/sf/n]lgwf{/0f ug]{ ePtfklg To:tf If]qsf] clwsf/ ;+ljwfgdf ;'rLs[t ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 . o;af6:jfoQ If]qn] :jfoQtf / :jzf;gsf] k|of]u ug{ ;Sb5 . :jfoQ If]qsf] clwsf/sf] ;"rL b]xfocg';f/ x'g]5 .ljz]if ;+/rgf cGt{ut :yfkgf x'g] :jfoQ If]qsf] clwsf/sf] ;'rLqm=;+=ljifox?21. k|x/L22. ;xsf/L ;+:yf23. Pkm=Pd /]l8of] Joj:yfkg, ;+rfng / 6]lnlehg24. k|fylds, dfWolds lzIff, k':tsfno / ;+u|xfno25. :jf:Yo ;]jf26. :jfoQ lgjf{lrt kl/ifb43

27.;DklQ s/, Jofj;flos s/, 3/ hUuf /lhi6«]zg s/, ;jf/L ;fwg s/, dgf]/~hg s/,ko{6g ;]jf z'Ns, dfnkf]t, kfl/>lds / s[lif cfos/28. k|fs[lts >f]taft k|fKt /f]oN6L29. ;8s30. ljB't cfof]hgf, l;+rfO{ cfof]hgf / cGo ljsf; of]hgfx?31. gful/stf÷ /fxbfgL Joj:yfkg32. hUuf clen]v÷3/ hUuf wgL k"hf{33. vfgL cGj]if0f / Joj:yfkg34. efiff, ;+:s[lt, lnkL / wd{sf] ;+/If0f35. k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwg / ltgsf] pkof]u36. s[lif, kz' ljsf;, Jofkf/ Joj;fo37. ;]jf Joj:yfkg38. tYofÍ / clen]v ;+sng39. cbfnt40. k|fb]lzs ;/sf/n] tf]s] adf]lhdsf cGo clwsf/x?44

kl/R5]b– ;ft&= ;+3Lo PsfOx? jLr Joj:yflksLo, sfo{sfl/0fL / Goflos clwsf/sf] cGt/ ;DjGwJoj:yfkgsf] lx;fjn] PsfTds zf;g k|0ffnL eGbf ;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnL hl6n Joj:yfdflgG5 . t;y{ ;+3Lo k|0ffnLdf ljleGg txsf ;/sf/sf] ;DaGw / ;dGjonfO{ ;+ljwfgdf g} k|i6 ug]{k|fjwfg /xg' kg]{ cfjZos 7flgG5 . ;+3 / k|b]zx? jLr jf k|b]zsf ;/sf/x? jLr ;femf sfo{s|dx?;~rfng / ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg ug]{ p2]Zon] ul/g] gLltut ;dGjo / Joj:yfkg ug'{ g} cGt/ ;DjGwxf] . ;+3 / k|b]z jLr / k|b]zx? jLr ;femf :jfy{sf ljifodf ;dGjo / ;xsfo{sf] cfjZostf kg'{sf;fy} If]qLo ljjfbsf] ljifonfO{ ;dfwfg ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf ;[hgf x'G5 .;+3 / k|b]zx? jLr b'O{ lsl;dsf] cGt/ ;DaGw /x]sf] x'G5 . klxnf], 7f8f] -Vertical_ ;DjGwh;n] ;+3 / k|b]z jLrsf] ;DjGwnfO{ lgwf{/0f ub{5 / bf]>f], t];f]{ -Horizontal_ ;DaGw h;n] k|b]zk|b]z jLrsf] ;DaGwnfO{ lgwf{/0f ub{5 . ;+3 / k|b]zx? jLr hlt;'s} xf]lzof/L k"j{s clwsf/sf]ljefhg ul/P klg clwsf/ k|of]u ug]{ ;jfndf Pscfk;df ;d:of pTkGg x'g ;St5 . h;sf sf/0fljjfb / åGå ;[hgf x'g ;St5 . o:tf ljjfb / åGåx?nfO{ ;dGjo u/L Joj:yfkg ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 .k|b]zsf] lgdf{0f ePkl5 To:tf] k|b]zx?nfO{ k|fKt clwsf/sf] k|of]u ubf{ cGt/ k|b]z jLr;dGjosf] clt cfjZos x'g cfp5 . sltko ljifox? ;+3 / k|b]z jLr ;/f]sf/ /x]sf] x'G5 eg]sltko clwsf/x? k|b]z k|b]z jLrsf] ;femf ;/f]sf/sf] ljifo x'g ;Sb5g\ . To:t} sltko clwsf/To:tf k|b]z / ;f] cGtu{tsf :yfgLo tx;+u klg ;DalGwt /x]sf] x'G5 . o; l:yltdf /fHo zlQmsf]k|of]u ubf{ To:tf ;DjlGwt lgsfox? jLr ;dGjo ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . olb To;f] x'g ;s]g eg] To:tfPsfO jf lgsfox? jLr åGåsf] cj:yf ;d]t ;[hgf x'g ;St5 .;+3Lo k|0ffnLdf ljleGg k|b]zx? jLr cfk;L ;DjGw / ;xof]u, ;xcl:tTj, ;befj / c;n;DjGwdf cfwfl/t x'g' kb{5 . Ps k|b]z jf k|b]zn] csf]{ k|b]z jf k|b]znfO{ cfly{s ;xof]u, C0f jfcGo k|sf/sf ;xof]u lng jf lbg :jtGq x'g'kb{5 . k|b]zx? Psfk;df ldn]/ s'g} ljsf; lgdf{0f,;fd'lxs kl/of]hgfsf] ;~rfng tyf jftfj/0f tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{gcfk;L¿kdf ug{' kg]{ ePsf]n] To:tf k|b]zx? jLr Psf;k;df ;xof]u / ;dGjosf] cfjZostf kb{5 .o;sf] nflu Pp6f k|b]zn] csf]{ k|b]zsf] sfg"gL Joj:yfnfO{ dfGotf lbg], Goflos lgsfosf] lg0f{o Pj+cfb]z cGt/ k|b]z jLr cGt/k|efjL x'g] ePdf To:tf] lg0f{o sfof{Gjog u/L lbg' kg]{, ;+3 / k|b]z jLrkf/:kfl/s sfg"g ;xfotf k|bfg ug'{ kg]{, ;j} k|b]zn] ;j} k|b]zsf afl;Gbfx?nfO{ ;dfg ;'ljwf /;'/Iff pknJw u/fpg' kg]{ h:tf s'/fx? cGt/ ;DjGwsf ljifo x'g ;St5g . t/ sltko cj:yfdfb'O{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L k|b]zx? jLrsf] ;femf ljifodf ;+3nfO{ cg'/f]w u/L To:tf k|b]zx? jLrsf]ljjfbsf] ;dfwfgsf] nflu sfg"gL Joj:yf ul/lbg ;+3n] ;f] cfwf/df sfg"gL Joj:yf u/L ljjfbsf];dfwfg ul/lbg' kg]{ klg x'g ;St5 .;+3Lotf ckgfPsf d'n'sdf ;+3Lo /fHo tyf PsfOx? jLrsf] ;DjGw k|lt:kwf{Tdsl;4fGtaf6 ljsl;t x'b} uPsf] kfOG5 . t/ o:tf] l;4fGt k|b]z tyf ;+3Lo PsfOsf] cfly{s Pjd cGoljsf;sf l:ylt ;dfg ePsf] cj:yfdf dfq pko'Qm x'g ;St5 . ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfsf ;+3LoPsfOx? jLrsf] cGt/ ;DjGw k|lt:kwf{Tds l;4fGtdf cfwfl/t ePsf] kfOG5 . t/ g]kfnsf] ef}uf]lnsljljwtf Pj+ k|fs[lts ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] ;3gtfnfO{ b[li6ut ubf{ ;+3Lo g]kfnsf] ljleGg k|b]zx?sf]/fhg}lts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs Pjd ;f+:s[lts :t/ Pjd x}l;ot ;dfg l:yltdf /xg ;Sg] b]lvb}g .o; l:yltdf ljleGg k|b]zx? jLr Ps csf{df ;xof]ufTds tyf ;dGjofTds / k|b]z k|b]z tyf ;+3/ k|b]z jLr sltko ljifodf cGt/lge{/ x'g kg]{ b]lvG5 .k|b]zsf] lgdf{0f ePkl5 k|b]zx? jLrsf] clwsf/ If]q / To;sf] k|of]unfO{ lnP/ cGt/ k|b]zx?jLr ljjfbx? klg cfpg ;Qm5 eg] ;+3 / k|b]z jLr klg ljjfb cfpg ;Sb5 . To:tf] cj:yfsf];[hgf x'g glbg ;+3 / k|b]zsf] sfo{sfl/0fL, Joj:yflklso tyf Gofokflnsfsf] clwsf/ If]q / To;sf]k|of]usf] jf/]df ;+ljwfgn] g} :ki6 x'g' kg]{ x'G5 . ;+3 / k|b]z jLr / k|b]z k|b]z jLrsf] Joj:yflksf,sfo{kflnsf tyf Gofokflnsfsf] clwsf/ If]qsf] ;jfndf ;[hgf x'g ;Sg] ljjfb tyf c;dembf/LnfO{x6fpg ;+3 / k|b]z tyf k|b]z jLr k|efjsf/L ;+of]hg ug{ ;Sg] ;+oGqsf] lgdf{0f ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 .;+3 / k|b]z jLr clwsf/ ljefhgsf ;DaGwdf ljZjsf sltko d'n'sx?n] ;+3 Pj+ k|b]zsf]clwsf/ ;+ljwfgdf g} :ki6 ¿kdf pNn]v ug]{ u/]sf] kfOG5 . ;+3 / k|b]z jLrsf] clwsf/ ljefhgsf]45

;DjGwdf b'O{ k|sf/sf k4lt ljsf; ePsf] b]lvG5 . Psy/Ln] bf]xf]/f] :j?k -Dualist Model_ckgfPsf] kfOG5 h;n] ;+3 / k|fGtdf ;dfg ljwflosL clwsf/ k|bfg u/]sf] x'G5 / ;+3 / k|fGtsfjLr clwsf/ jflemPdf ;+3Lo Joj:yf g} dfGo x'g] l;4fGtnfO{ :jLsf/ u/]sf] kfOG5 eg] s]xLn]Plss[t :j?k -Integrated Model_ nfO{ ckgfPsf] kfOG5 . o; cGtu{t ;+3 / k|fGtsf jLr clwsf/ljefhg ePtfklg sltko ;+/rgfx? PsLs[t :j¿kdf g} /xg] / ;+3sf] lgb]{zg tyf k|efjdf k|b]zn]sfd ug]{ ub{5 .k|b]zsf sfo{kflnsf, Joj:yflksf / Gofokflnsf jLrsf] ;DjGw zlQm k[ysLs/0f / lgoGq0f/ ;Gt'ngsf] l;4fGtdf cfwfl/t ePsf] x'g'kb{5 . k|b]zsf] clwsf/sf] ;"rLdf Joj:yf ePsf] ljifodfsfg"g agfpg] sfo{ k|fb]lzs Joj:yflksfsf], sfg"g cg';f/ /fHo ;~rfng ug]{ sfo{kflnsfsf] /sfg"gsf] JofVof / kfngf u/fpg] sfo{ Gofokflnsfsf] If]qflwsf/ leq kb{5 . ;+3 / k|b]z cyjf ;+3LoPsfOx? jLrsf] ;DaGwnfO{ ;Gt'ngdf /fVgsf] nflu ;+ljwfgn] g} ;+3Lo ;/sf/sf l;4fGt /cfwf/e"t ;+/rgfx? to u/]sf] x'g' kb{5 . ;+ljwfgn] Go"gtd ¿kdf ;+3Lo k|0ffnL leq lhDd]jf/L /pQ/bfloTjsf] afF8kmfF8 u/]sf] x'g'kb{5 . o; cGtu{t ;+3Lo ;/sf/n] k|fb]lzs ;/sf/n] hf/L u/]sf]sfg'gnfO{ lglis|o agfpg ;Sg], ;+3 / k|b]zsf] sfg"gL Joj:yf Psfk;df afFlemg uPdf ;+3sf]sfg"gn] k|fb]lzs sfg"gnfO{ lglis|o jgfpg], ;+3Lo ;/sf/n] k|fb]lzs ;/sf/nfO{ ljleGg lgb]{zg lbg],lgoGq0f ug]{ Pj+ e+u klg ug{ ;Sg] / To:tf] k|b]zdf ;+3sf] sfg"g nfu' x'g ;Sg], k|fb]lzs pRrcbfntsf] lg0f{o pk/ ;+3Lo ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg nfUg] / ;+3Lo ;jf]{Rr cbfntåf/fk|ltkflbt ghL/sf] kfngf ug'{ kg]{ ljifox? kg{ cfp5g\ .cGt/f{li6«o cEof;MblIf0f clk|msfsf] ;+ljwfgdf /fli6«o, k|flGto, :yfgLo ;/sf/ / ;/sf/sf ;Dk"0f{ cËx?sf]cGt/ ;DaGwdf Ps cfk;df cGt/ ;DalGwt / cGt/ lge/{tfdf cfwfl/t x'g] / To; ;DaGwdf lgDgl;4fGtx?nfO{ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .!= ;xsf/L ;/sf/ (Cooperative Government)@= ;a} txsf ;/sf/ / ;/sf/sf cËx?n] zflGt, /fli6«o Pstf / u0f/fHosf] cleefHotfnfO{ cIf'0f/fVg]#= u0f/fHosf hgtfsf] lxtnfO{ ;+/If0f ug]{$= k|efjsf/L, kf/bzL{ / pQ/bfoL ;/sf/sf] cg'e"lt lbg]%= ;+ljwfg, u0ftGq / hgtf k|lt pQ/bfoL x'g]^= ;Dk"0f{ txsf ;/sf/n] ;+j}wflgs dfGotf, ;+:yf / ltgLx?sf] clwsf/ / sfo{nfO{ ;Ddfg ug]{&= s'g} klg txsf] ;/sf/ / lgsfon] ;+ljwfgn] lglZrt u/]sf] eGbf a9L clwsf/ / sfo{ /x]sf]cg'dfg gug]{*= k|To]s txsf] ;/sf/n] csf]{ txsf] ;/sf/sf] ef}uf]lns, sfof{Tds / ;+:yfut Integrety df x:tIf]kgx'g] u/L cfˆgf] clwsf/sf] k|of]u / kfngf ug]{ .(= lgDg lnlvt cfwf/df Ps csf{ jLr ;dGjo, cfk;L ljZjf; / c;n ;DaGwdf hf]8 lbg] .s_ d}lqk"0f{ ;DaGw lj:tf/ ug]{ .v_ cfk;df ;xof]u ug]{ .u_ ;femf rf;f]sf] ljifodf Ps csf{nfO{ ;"rgf cfbfg k|bfg ug]{ / k/fdz{ ug]{ .3_ cfˆgf] sfo{ / ljwfogsf af/]df Ps cfk;df ;dGjo ug]{ .ª_ Ps csf{ jLr sfg"gL sf/afO{nfO{ avoid ug]{ .ef/tdf ;+3 / /fHo jLrsf] cGt/ ;DaGwdf lgDg Joj:yf /x]sf] kfOG5 .!= clwsf/sf] ;"rLdf cfwfl/t eP/ ;+3 / /fHon] sfg"g agfpg ;Sg]46

@= ;femf ;"rLdf ;+3 / k|b]z b'j}n] sfg"g agfpg ;Sg] / ;+3 / k|b]zsf] sfg"g afFlemPdf ;+3sf]sfg"g dfGo x'g] .#= s'g} /fli6«o dxTjsf] ljifodf /fHox?n] sfg"g agfpg s]Gb|Lo ;+;bnfO{ cg'/f]w u/]df /fHosf];"rLdf kg]{ ljifodf klg s]Gb|Lo ;+;bn] sfg"g agfpg ;Sg] / To:tf] sfg"g ;DalGwt/fHox?df nfu" x'g] .$= ;+s6sfnsf] 3f]if0ff ePsf] cj:yfdf s]Gb|Lo ;+;bn] /fHosf] ;"rLdf kg]{ ljifodf klg sfg"gagfpg ;Sg] .%= dfly # / $ df n]lvPsf] cj:yfdf s]Gb|Lo ;+;bn] agfPsf] sfg"g / /fHosf] sfg"g afFlemPdfs]Gb|Lo ;+;bsf] sfg"g dfGo x'g] / /fHosf] sfg"g s]Gb|Lo ;+;bn] agfPsf] sfg"gsf] k|efj /x];Dd lgis[o /xg] .;+o'tm /fHo cd]l/sfdf cGt/;DaGwsf] af/]df lgDg Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 .!= Ps /fHon] csf]{ /fHosf] ;fj{hlgs sfg"g, clen]v / GofoLs k|lsofnfO{ dfGotf lbg] 5g . ;f]s'/f sfu|];n] sfg'g agfO{ nfu' x'g] Joj:yf ug]{ 5 .@= Ps /fHosf] gful/snfO{ ;f] /fHon] lbg] ljz]if clwsf/ / pGd'lStdf csf]{ /fHosf] gful/snfO{e]befj gug]{ .#= Ps /fHodf kmf}hbf/L cleof]u nfu]sf] JolQm csf]{ /fHodf eflu uPdf ck/fw x]g]{ If]qflwsf/ePsf] /fHodf x:tfGt/0f ug{] .:jL6\h/Nof08df ;+3 / SofG6f]gsf] jLrsf] cGt/;DaGwsf af/]df lgDg Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 .!_ ;+3 / SofG6f]gn] cf–cfˆgf] sfo{ ;Dkfb ug{ Ps csf{nfO{ ;xof]u / ;dGjo ug]{ 5g\ .@_ ;+3 / SofG6f]gn] Ps cfk;df cfk;L ;xof]u / ;dembf/Ldf hf]8 lbg] 5g\ . ;fy} Pscfk;df k|fzf;lso / Goflos ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] 5g\ .#_ ;+3 / SofG6f]g tyf SofG6f]g / SofG6f]g jLrsf ljjfb jftf{ d]nldnfksf] dfWodaf6 ;dfwfgul/g] 5 .$_ SofG6f]gn] ;+ljwfg / sfg"g k|lts"n gx'g] u/L ;+3Lo sfg"g kfngf ug]{ 5 .%_ ;+3n] SofG6f]gsf] :jfoQtfsf] ;Ddfg ug]{ 5 .&=!= ;+3, k|b]z, ljz]if ;+/rgf / :yfgLo tx jLr cfk;L ;DaGwsf cfwf/x?;xof]ufTdscfk;L ;xdlt;xsfl/tf;x cl:tTj / ;x sfo{c;n ;DaGw;dGjo&=@= ;+3 / k|b]z jLrsf] ;DaGw;+3nfO{ cfˆgf] clwsf/ ;"rL leq /x]/ ;Dk"0f{ b]zsf] nflu sfg"g lgdf{0f ug]{ clwsf//xG5 eg] k|b]znfO{ cfˆgf] clwsf/ If]q leq /x]/ k|b]zsf] ;DaGwdf dfq} sfg"g lgdf{0f ug]{ / ;f]sfg"g cGtu{t sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ k|of]u ug{] clwsf/ x'G5 . ;+3 / k|b]znfO{ ;femf clwsf/sfljifodf sfg"g lgdf{0f ug]{ / ;f] sfg"g cGtu{t sfo{sf/L clwsf/ k|of]u ug]{ ;dfg clwsf//xG5 .;+3nfO{ cfˆgf] clwsf/ ;"rL leq /x]/ ;Dk"0f{ b]zsf] nflu sfg"g lgdf{0f ug]{ clwsf//xG5 eg] k|b]znfO{ cfˆgf] clwsf/ If]q leq /x]/ k|b]zsf] ;DaGwdf dfq} sfg"g lgdf{0f ug]{ / ;f]47

sfg"g cGtu{t sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ k|of]u ug{] clwsf/ x'G5 . ;+3 / k|b]znfO{ ;femf clwsf/sfljifodf sfg"g lgdf{0f ug]{ / ;f] sfg"g cGtu{t sfo{sf/L clwsf/ k|of]u ug]{ ;dfg clwsf/ /xG5. To:tf] cj:yfdf ;+3 / k|b]zsf] sfg"g jLr bf]xf]/f] kg{ ;Sg] jf Ps cfk;df aflemg ;Sg];Defjgf /xG5 . To; l:yltdf ;+3sf] sfg"g dfGo x'g] Joj:yf /xg' Jojxfl/s x'G5 .sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/sf] k|of]usf] ;DaGwdf ;+3 / k|b]z jLr ;xof]ufTds / ;dGjofTds;DaGw /xg] Joj:yf ul/g' kb{5 . k|b]zsf] clwsf/df x:tIf]k x'g] u/L ;+3Lo ;/sf/n] s'g}lgb]{zg jf sfo{sfl/0fL cfb]z hf/L ug'{ x'b}g . tyflk /fli6«o dxTjsf ljifo / k|b]zx? jLr;dGjo ug'{ kg]{ cj:yfdf ;+3n] ;a} k|b]zx?sf nflu ;+ljwfg / sfg"g adf]lhd lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]Joj:yf /xg' kb{5 / To;/L lbPsf] lgb]{zg ;a} k|b]zn] kfng ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . ;fy} k|b]zn] /fli6«o;fj{ef}d;Qf, cv08tf / b]zsf] zflGt Joj:yfdf c;/ kg]{ lsl;dsf] sfo{ u/]df ;+3Lo ;/sf/n]To:tf] k|b]z jf k|fb]lzs Joj:yflksfnfO{ cfjZostf cg';f/ ;r]t u/fpg, lgnDag jf lj36gug{ ;Sg] / lgnDag jf lj36g u/]sf]df ;+3Lo Joj:yflksfaf6 ;dy{g jf cg'df]bg u/fpg]Joj:yf ug{' k5{ . To;/L lgnDag jf lj36g ubf{ ;+3Lo ;/sf/sf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6« k|d'vn] ug]{Joj:yf /xg' pko'Qm x'G5 . o;/L k|b]zsf] ;/sf/ jf Joj:yflksf lgnDag jf lj36g u/]sf]dfTo;sf] lgoGq0f / ;Gt'ngsf nflu ;+3Lo Joj:yflksfdf ;f] ;DaGwL k|:tfj ;+3Lo ;/sf/n]k|:t't u/L ;+3Lo Joj:yflksfsf] b'O{ ltxfO ax'dtaf6 cg'df]bg u/fpg] Joj:yf Jojxfl/s x'g]b]lvG5 . o:tf] Joj:yfn] ;+3Lo ;/sf/nfO{ :j]R5frf/L x'gaf6 lgoGq0f ug'{sf ;fy} ;Dk"0f{ k|b]zsfk|ltlglwx? /xg] ;+3Lo Joj:yflksfn] 5nkmn u/L 7f]; lg0f{o ug{ ;Sb5 . k|fb]lzs Joj:yflksfjf ;/sf/ lj36g jf lgnDag ePsf] #% lbg leq ;+3Lo Joj:yflksfaf6 cg'df]bg u/fpg' kg]{t/ ;+3Lo Joj:yflksfaf6 cg'df]bg gePdf To:tf] cfb]z :jtM lgls|o ePsf] dflgg] 5 . ;+3LoJoj:yflksfaf6 cg'df]bg ePdf To:tf] k|b]zdf ^ dlxgf leq k|fb]lzs Joj:yflksfsf] lgjf{rgx'g]5 . ;+3Lo Joj:yflksfn] ax'dtaf6 cg'df]bg gu/]df lgnDag jf lj36g ul/Psf] k|fb]lzs;/sf/ / Joj:yflksfn] k"j{jt ?kdf sfo{ ug{ ;Sb5 . t/ ;+3Lo Joj:yflksfaf6 cg'df]bgePdf ;+3Lo ;/sf/n] To:tf] k|b]zdf ;+3Lo zf;g nfu' u/L zflGt Joj:yf sfod ug'{ kb{5 .To:tf] ;+3Lo zf;g lgjf{rg geP ;Ddsf nflu cyf{t\ ;+3Lo Joj:yflksf lj36g jf lgnDagePsf] ^ dlxgf ;Dd sfod /xg kg]{ x'G5 . sltko cGt/f{li6«o / cGtk|{b]z ;DaGwL ljifox?k|b]z cfkm}n] jf PSn}n] ug{ g;Sg] k|s[ltsf x'g ;Sb5g\ To:tf] cj:yfdf k|b]zsf] cg'/f]w ePdfjf ;+3n] Joj:yfkg ug{' kg]{ ePsf ;+3n] ;xof]u jf Joj:yfkg ug{' kg]{ x'G5 .b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L k|b]zn] ;+ljwfgåf/f ;"rLs[t k|b]zsf] clwsf/sf] ljifodf sfg"glgdf{0f ug{ ;+3Lo Joj:yflksf ;dIf cg'/f]w u/]df jf b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L k|b]z;+u ;DalGwtljifodf ;+ljwfgåf/f ;"rLs[t k|b]zsf] clwsf/ ;"rLdf cfjZos b]v]df ;+3Lo Joj:yflksfn]cfjZos sfg"g agfpg ;Sg]5 / ;DalGwt k|b]zx?n] To:tf] sfg"gsf] kfngf ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 .&=#= k|b]z k|b]z jLrsf] Joj:yflksLo, sfo{sfl/0fL / Goflos clwsf/ jLrsf] cGt/;DaGwk|b]zx? jLr clwsf/sf] k|of]usf] ;DaGwdf jf ;femf sfo{ ;+rfngsf] ljifodf cfk;L;dGjosf] cfjZostf /xG5 . cfk;L ;dGjosf cfwf/x? ;xof]ufTds, ;xsfl/tf, ;x cl:tTj /;x sfo{, c;n ;DaGw / ;dGjofTds x'G5g\ . k|b]zx?sf] clwsf/ If]q k|b]z cGtu{t dfq} ;Lldtx'G5 . cyf{t cGo k|b]zsf] If]q jf JolQmdf nfu' x'g] u/L k|b]zn] sfg"g lgdf{0f ug]{ jf sfo{sfl/0fLclwsf/ k|of]u ug]{ Ifdtf x'b}g t/ k|of{Kt / jf:tljs ;DaGw /x]sf] cj:yfdf Doctrine ofterritorial nexus sf] cfwf/df Ps k|b]zsf] sfg"g csf]{ k|b]zsf] If]q, JolQm jf j:t'df nfu' x'g ;S5. k|b]zx? jLrsf] cfk;L ;DaGwnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ b]xfo cg';f/ ;DaGw /xg' kb{5 .Ps k|b]zsf] sfg"gL Joj:yfnfO{ csf]{ k|b]zn] dfGotf lbg] .Ps k|b]zn] csf]{ k|b]z;+u ;femf rf;f] / lxtsf] ljifodf Ps csf{nfO{ ;"rgf cfbfgk|bfg ug]{, k/fdz{ ug]{, cfˆgf] sfo{ / ljwfogsf af/]df Ps cfk;df ;dGjo ug{ /cfk;L ;xof]u lj:tf/ ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .Goflos lgsfo jf k|zf;lgs lgsfosf] lg0f{o Pj+ cfb]z cGt/ k|b]z jLr cGt/k|efjL x'g]ePdf To:tf] lg0f{o kfngf / sfof{Gjog ul/lbg' kg]{ .k|b]z jf ;+3Lo PsfOn] csf]{ k|b]z jf PsfOnfO{ cfly{s ;xof]u, C0f jf cGo k|sf/sf;xof]u lng jf lbg :jtGq x'g] .48

k|b]zx? Psfk;df ldn]/ s'g} ljsf; lgdf{0f, ;fd'lxs kl/of]hgfsf] ;~rfng ug]{ .jftfj/0f tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{g cfk;L¿kdf ug{' kg]{ ePdf;dGjo ug]{ .s'g} Ps k|b]zn] csf]{ k|b]zsf] afFl;GbfnfO{ cfˆgf] k|b]zsf] sfg"g adf]lhd ;'/Iff / ;'ljwfpknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .b'O{ jf ;f] eGbf j9L k|b]zx? jLrsf] ;femf ljifodf sfg"g lgdf{0f ug{ ;+3nfO{ cg'/f]wug]{ / ;+3n] To:tf k|b]zx? jLrsf] ljjfbsf] ;dfwfgsf] nflu sfg"gL Joj:yf u/Llbg] .;a} k|b]zdf gful/sx?nfO{ Gofodf kx'Frsf] ;dfg clwsf/ x'g] .k|b]zx? jLr kf/:kl/s sfg"gL ;xfotfsf] gLlt canDag u/L ;f] cg';f/ Ps k|b]zaf6csf]{ k|b]zdf kmf}hbf/L cleof]u nfu]sf] JolQm jf ;hfo tf]s]sf] JolQmnfO{ ;DalGwtk|b]zdf x:tfGt/0f ug{] .;+3Lo ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] lg0f{o jf glh/ ;a} k|b]zx?n] kfngf ug]{ .&=$= k|b]z / ljz]if ;+/rgf jLrsf] ;DaGwljz]if ;+/rgfsf] ?kdf :yfkgf x'g] :jfoQ If]q, ljz]if If]q jf ;+/lIft If]qx? k|b]zcGtu{t /xG5g\ . o:tf If]qx?sf] :yfkgf ug'{ kg]{ cfwf/ / sf/0f k|b]zn] g} to ub{5 . lsglso:tf If]qx? :yfkgf ug'{ kg]{ p2]Zo / cfjZostf Ps k|b]z / csf]{ k|b]z jLr ;dfg x'b}g .tyflk k|b]z / o:tf If]qx? jLrsf] ;DaGw kf/:kl/s ;xof]u / ;dGjodf cfwfl/t x'g' kb{5 .;+ljwfgåf/f ;"rLs[t clwsf/sf] ;"rL cGtu{t k|b]zn] k|fb]lzs sfg"gåf/f To:tf If]qx?sf] clwsf/lgIf]k0f ug'{ kg]{ x'bfF lgIf]lkt clwsf/sf] k|of]u / kfngf ug]{ sfo{df k|b]zn] To:tf If]qx?nfO{x:tIf]k ug'{ pko'Qm x'b}g . k|b]zn] ;+ljwfg / sfg"g adf]lhd lbPsf] lgb]{zg tyf sfo{sf/Lcfb]zsf] kfngf ug'{ kg]{ bfloTj To:tf] If]qsf] x'g' kb{5 .&=% k|b]z / :yfgLo tx jLrsf] ;DaGw:yfgLo txx? k|b]z cGtu{t /xg] ePklg k|b]z / :yfgLo lgsfo jLr kf/:kl/s;xof]usf] cfjZostf /xG5 . k|b]z / :yfgLo lgsfo jLrsf] ;DaGw ;+ljwfgdf pNn]lvtclwsf/ afF8kmfF8sf] ;"rL, k|rlnt sfg"gsf cnfjf kf/:kl/s ;xof]u, ;dGjo / c;n ;DaGwdfcfwfl/t x'g' k5{ . k|b]zn] ;+ljwfg / k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd lbPsf] lgb]{zg kfngf / sfof{Gjogug'{ :yfgLo lgsfosf] lhDd]jf/L x'G5 .&=^ ;+3 / ljz]if ;+/rgf tyf :yfgLo tx jLrsf] ;DaGw;+3 / ljz]if ;+/rgf tyf :yfgLo lgsfo jLr ck|ToIf?kdf kf/:kl/s ;DaGw x'G5 .;fdfGotof To:tf] ;DaGw / ;dGjo k|b]z dfkm{t sfod /xg' pko'St x'G5 . ;+3 / ljz]if ;+/rgftyf :yfgLo lgsfo jLrsf] ;DaGw ;+ljwfgdf pNn]lvt clwsf/sf] afF8kmfF8sf] ;"rL, k|rlntsfg'gsf] cnfjf kf/:kl/s ;xof]u, ;dGjo / c;n ;DaGwdf cfwfl/t x'g' k5{ . ;+3n] ;+ljwfg /k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd lbPsf] lgb]{zg kfngf / sfof{Gjog ug'{ ljz]if ;+/rgf / :yfgLo lgsfosf]lhDd]jf/L x'G5 . t/ To:tf] lgb]{zg ;DalGwt k|b]z dfkm{t\ sfof{Gjog ul/g' kb{5 .49

kl/R5]b – cf7*= ;+3Lo PsfOx? jLr pTkGg x'g ;Sg] ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg ;DaGwL ;+oGq;+3Lo k|0ffnLdf b'O{ jf ;]f eGbf a9L txsf] ;/sf/sf] ;+/rgf x'g] / ltgLx?sf] clwsf/ If]q;d]t cnu cnu /xg] x'g] x'bfF Joj:yfkgsf b[li6n] hl6n /fhg}lts k|0ffnL dflgG5 . ;+3Lok|0ffnLdf hlt;'s} xf]lzof/L k"j{s clwsf/sf] afF8kmFf8 ul/P tfklg ;+3Lo PsfOx? jLr pTkGg x'g]ljjfb jf åGånfO{ k"0f{t cGTo ug{ ;lsb}g . tyflk clwsf/sf] :ki6 afF8kmfF8 / clwsf/If]qsf]Joj:yfn] ljjfb sd x'g] l:ylt ;[hgf ug{ ;lsG5 . ;+3Lo k|0ffnLdf ;/sf/sf txx? jLr ljleGgljifodf ljjfb pTkGg x'g ;Sb5g\ . ljjfbsf ljifox? d"ntM clwsf/sf] ljifo;+u ;DalGwt x'G5g\ .;+3Lo PsfOsf] clwsf/sf] ljifo ;+3Lotf lgdf{0fsf] cflwsf/Ls k|s[of;+u klg ;DalGwt x'G5 .;+3Lo PsfOx? jLr ljjfb, dtleGgtf jf c;dembf/Lx? pTkGg x'g' :jefljs k|s[of xf] . To:tfljjfb, dtleGgtf jf :jfy{sf] åGånfO{ plrt ;+oGqsf] dfWodaf6 Joj:yfkg ug'{ ;+3Lotfsf];kmntfsf] nflu dxTjk"0f{ dflgG5 . To;sf nflu cf}krfl/s / cgf}krfl/s ;+oGqsf] lgdf{0f ug{;lsG5 . sltko ljjfbx?sf] k|s[ltsf] cfwf/df cgf}krfl/s ;+oGqsf] dfWodaf6 klg ;dfwfg ug{;lsG5 . o; ;+oGq cGtu{t ;+3 / k|b]zsf ;/sf/ k|d'v, dGqLx?, ljwfosx?, jl/i7 clwsf/Lx?jLrsf] lgoldt a}7s, ;Dd]ng cflb kb{5g\ . cgf}krfl/s ;+oGqsf] dfWodaf6 ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg x'gg;s]df jf g;Sg] k|s[ltsf sfg"gL Pj+ ;+j}wflgs ljjfbx? cf}krfl/s ;+oGqsf] dfWodaf6 ;dfwfgug]{ Joj:yf cjnDag ug]{ cEof; ;+3Lo d'n'sx?df /x]sf] kfOG5 . ;+3Lo PsfOx? jLr txutljjfbx?sf] juL{s/0f ubf{ ;+3Lo ;+/rgfsf] txx?sf af/]df 7f]; vfsfdf cfwfl/t eO ljjfbx? af/]pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .*=!= txut ;+/rgfx? jLr ljjfbx?sf] juL{s/0f*=!=!= ;+3 -s]Gb«_ / k|b]z -;+3Lo PsfO_ jLr*=!=@= k|b]z -;+3Lo PsfO_ / k|b]z -;+3Lo PsfO_ jLr*=!=#= k|b]z -;+3Lo PsfO_ / :yfgLo txx? jLr*=!=$= k|b]z -;+3Lo PsfO_ / ljz]if ;+/rgf cGtu{t :yfkgf x'g] If]qx? jLr*=!=%= :yfgLo tx / ljz]if ;+/rgf cGtu{t :yfkgf x'g] If]qx? jLr*=!=^= :yfgLo txx? jLr*=!=&= b'O{ eGbf al9 txut ;+/rgf jLr*=@= ljjfb x'g;Sg] ;+efljt ljifox?;+3Lo PsfOx? jLr b]xfosf ljifosf cltl/Qm cGo sltko ljifox?df ljjfb,dtleGgtf jf c;dembf/Lx? pTkGg x'g ;Sb5g\ .*=@=!= k|fs[lts ;Dkbfsf] k|of]u / afF8kmfF8*=@=@= If]qflwsf/ / ;Ldf ;DalGw ljifo*=@=#= cfly{s gLlt lgwf{/0f, /fh:j / /fh:jsf] afF8kmfF8*=@=$= sfg"gsf] lgdf{0f / sfof{Gjog*=@=%= ;xdlt pNn+3gsf ljifox?*=@=^= eflifs, wfld{s / ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfsf] k|of]u*=@=&= k|b"if0f;Fu ;DalGwt ljifox?*=@=*= …k]6]G6 /fO6Ú ;DaGwL ljifo*=@=(= cfGtl/s ;'/Iff ;DaGwL ljifo*=@=!)= 7"nf cfof]hgf ;DaGwL ljifo50

*=#= ljjfb ;dfwfg ;+oGq ;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o cEof;;+3Lo PsfOx? jLr pTkGg x'g] ljjfb ;dfwfg ug]{ ;+oGqx? ljjfbsf] k|s[ltsf] cfwf/dfkm/s km/s x'g ;Sb5g\ . ;+3Lo d"n'sx? dWo] s]xL d"n'sx?df ljjfbx?sf] lg¿k0f ug]{ cfwf/cbfntL lg0f{o /x]sf] 5 eg] sltko ;+3Lo d"n'sx?n] hgdt ;+u|x tyf ;+;bsf] dflyNnf] ;bgh:tf /fhgLlts k|ls|ofsf] klg canDag u/]sf] kfOG5 .;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfdf /fHox? jLr pTkGg x'g] ljjfb / dtleGgtfx? dWo] sfg"gL /;+j}wflgs ljifosf ljjfbx? ;+3Lo ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] Goflos lg?k0fsf] dfWodaf6 ;dfwfg ub{5eg] jftfj/0f, >d ;DaGwL ljifo, k|b'if0f ;DaGwL ljifox?sf] ljjfb ;+3Lo lgsfo (FederalAgency) n] ;dfwfg ub{5 . o;sf cnfjf sltko ljifox? /fhg}lts ;+oGqaf6 klg ;dfwfgul/G5 . b'O{ j6f /fHox?n] u/]sf ;Demf}tfx?sf] sf/0fjf6 jf clwsf/sf] k|of]uaf6 t];|f] /fHodfk/]sf c;/, Iflt jf k|efjsf ljifodf l;g]6sf] Goflos ;ldltn] ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg ub{5 . o;sfnflu ;DaGwLt kIfx?af6 bflj k|ltbflj k]z ul/G5 . l;g]6sf] Goflos ;ldltn] ljjfbsf ljifodf;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{ u/L dtsf] cfwf/df ljjfbsf] 6'ª\uf] nufp5 .Sofg8fsf] ;+ljwfgdf cGt//fHo ljjfb ;dfwfg ;DalGw ;+oGqsf] ?kdf First MinistersConference, Annual Premiers Conference, Ministerial Council, Supreme Court h:tf lgsfox? /xg]Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .c:6«]lnofdf l;g]6, Council of Australian Government / cbfntnfO{ cGt//fHo ljjfb;dfwfg ug]{ ;+oGqsf] ?kdf /xg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . d"VotM pRr cbfntnfO{ /fHox? jLrpTkGg x'g] ;+j}wflgs JofVofsf] ljifodf ljjfb x]g]{ If]qflwsf/ /x]sf] 5 . /fHox? jLrsf] cGt/;DaGw Jojl:yt ug{ / ljjfb ;dfwfg ug{ kl/ifbsf] Joj:yf ;d]t /x]sf] 5 . h;sf] cWoIftfk|wfgdGqLn] ug]{ / ;b:ox?df /fHosf d"Vo dGqLx? tyf :yfgLo ;/sf/sf cWoIf /xg] Joj:yf5 .hd{gLdf d]nldnfk ;ldltx?, ;a} /fHox? (Landers) sf k|ltlglwx? /xg] ;+j}wflgskl/ifb, dlGq / /fi6«kltsf] ;Dd]ng, ;+j}wflgs cbfnt h:tf lgsfox? ljjfb ;dfwfg ;+oGqsf]?kdf /xg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .blIf0f clk|msfdf /fli6«o / k|flGto /fHosf c+ux?sf] ;+j}wflgs l:ylt, clwsf/ /sfo{x?sf] ;DaGwdf ;+j}wflgs ljjfb ePdf ;+j}wflgs cbfntaf6 Goflos ;dfwfg ug]{ Joj:yf/x]sf] 5 . s'g} klg ljjfb cgf}krfl/s ;+oGq dfkm{t\ ;dfwfg ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ Gofof]lrt pkfox?canDag ul/;s]kl5 ;dfwfg x'g g;s]df dfq} ;+j}wflgs cbfntdf k]z ul/G5 .ef/tdf s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/ / Ps jf ;f] eGbf j9L /fHo jLrsf] ljjfb, ef/t ;/sf/ //fHox? dWo] s'g} Ps /fHo / cGo s'g} Ps jf ;f] eGbf a9L /fHo ;+nUg ePsf] ljjfb / b'O{ jf;f] eGbf a9L /fHox? jLrsf] ljjfbsf] z'? sf/afO{ ug]{ If]qflwsf/ ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf /xg];+j}wflgs Joj:yf 5 . t/ To:tf] ljjfbdf sfg"gL k|Zg / tYo -Question of Law or Fact_ ;dfj]zePsf] x'g' kb{5 . To;sf/0f /fhgLlts k|s[ltsf] k|Zg h;df s'g} sfg"gL kIf ;dfj]z 5}g eg] Tof];jf]{Rr cbfntsf] If]qflwsf/ -Purview_ leq kb}{g . ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] x]g]{ ljjfb ;+ljwfg / ;+3Lo;+/rgf;Fu ;DalGwt x'g' kb{5 . ;jf]{Rr cbfntnfO{ sfg"gL / ;+j}wflgs ljjfb x]g]{ If]qlwsf/k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy} /fHox? jLr pTkGg x'g] ljjfbsf] hfFra'em cg';Gwfg u/L ;dfwfgsf;'emfjx? lbg cGt/ /fHo kl/ifb (Inter State Council) u7g x'g] Joj:yf ;d]t /x]sf] 5 . To:tf]kl/ifbsf] u7g, sfd, st{Jo / sfo{ljlw /fi6«kltn] to ug]{ Joj:yf 5 . o;}u/L ;fdflhs tyfcfly{s If]qdf /fHox? jLr ;xof]u tyf ;dGjo k|j{4g ug{ kfFr j6f Zonal council /xg] Joj:yf5 .*=$= ljjfb ;dfwfgsf dfWodx? (Means of Dispute resolution);+3Lo b]zdf k|rlnt cEof;sf] cfwf/df x]bf{ ;+3Lo PsfO jLr x'g] ljjfb, c;dembf/L /dtleGgtfx?nfO{ ;dfwfg ug]{ ;+oGqsf] ?kdf ljleGg dfWodx?nfO{ canDag ug]{ u/]sf] kfOG5 .To:tf pkfox? lgDg /x]sf 5g\ .51

*=$=!= ljjfb ;dfwfg ug]{ cf}krfl/s ;+oGqo; cGtu{t sfg"gL tyf ;+j}wflgs ljjfbx? x]g{ Goflos lgsfox? h:t} cbfnt tyfGofoflws/0fx? kb{5g\ .*=$=@= /fhg}lts ;+oGqsfg"gL / ;+j}wflgs ljifo afx]ssf /fhg}lts ljifox? x]g{ Joj:yflksf jf ;f]cGtu{tsf ;+;bLo ;ldltx?, ;Dd]ngx?, cGt//fHo kl/ifb, cfof]usf] :yfkgf h:tf ;+oGqx?o; cGtu{t kb{5g\ .*=$=#= hgdt ;+u|x;+3Lo PsfOx? jLr pTkGg x'g] ljjfbx? dWo] hl6n / dxTjk"0f{ ljifox?df hgtfsf]dtaf6 ljjfb ;dfwfg ug]{ k|s[of o; cGtu{t kb{5 . :jLh/Nof08df hgdt ;+u|xsf] dfWoaf6ljjfb ;dfwfg ug]{ Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 .*=$=$= j}slNks dfWodo; cGtu{t ;DalGwt ljjfb u|:t kIfx? jLr 5nkmn, jftf{, d]nldnfk, ;dGjo tyfdWo:ytf h:tf dfWodx? kb{5g\ .*=$=%= ljjfb gcfpg] cj:yfo; cGtu{t ;+3Lo PsfOx?n] Ps csf{ jLr ljjfb, dtleGgtf jf c;dembf/L pTkGgx'g glbg] jf To:tf] cj:yf cfpg glbg] tkm{ hf]8 lbOG5 . ljjfb pTkGg x'g ;Sg] If]qx?sfljifodf ;Dd]ng jf cGo dfWodaf6 5nkmn u/L ljjfb pTkGg gx'g] k|of; ul/G5 . hd{gLdfNof08/x?sf] ;Dd]ngaf6 ljjfb cfpg ;Sg] ljifodf 5nkmn u/L ;dfwfg ug]{ cEof; /x]sf]5 eg] blIf0f clk|msfdf k|fGtx?n] Ps csf{ lj?4 sfg"gL sf/afO cufl8 ga9fO{ cfk;LljZjf; / ;b\efjdf Wofg lbg' kg]{ ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 .*=%= g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df ljjfb ;dfwfg ;DaGwL ;+oGq;+3Lo PsfOx? jLr pTkGg x'g] ljjfbx? ;dfwfg ug{ k|efjsf/L ;+oGqx?sf] lgdf{0f ug'{cfjZos x'G5 . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df ;+3Lo PsfOx? jLr pTkGg ljjfb ;dfwfgsf] nflu lgDg;+oGqx? /xg' pko'Qm x'g] b]lvG5 .*=%=!= /fhgLlts ;+oGq;+3Lo k|0ffnLdf w]/} xb ;Dd ljjfbx? sfg"gL JofVofdf eGbf ;/sf/sf clwsf/ jfe"ldsf s:tf] x'g' k5{ eGg] s'/fdf s]Gb|Lt x'G5g\ . o:tf /fhgLlts k|s[ltsf ljjfbx?/fhg}lts ?kdf /fhg}lts ;+oGqsf] dfWodaf6 g} lg¿k0f ul/g' kb{5 . /fhgLlts ;+oGqsf]?kdf lgDg lgsfox? /xg ;Sb5g\ .*=%=!=!= cGt/ k|fb]lzs kl/ifb;+3Lo PsfOx? jLr ljjfb pTkGg x'g glbg] pkfox?sf] vf]hL u/L ;dfwfg ug{Pj+ ljjfb x'g ;Sg] If]qx?sf] klxrfg u/L lg/fs/0f ug]{ ;dfwfg gePsf ljifo ;+3LoJoj:yflksfdf ;dfwfgsf nflu k7fpg] tyf cfk;L ;dGjonfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ cGt/k|fb]lzs kl/ifb dxTjk"0f{ ;+oGq x'g ;Sb5 . o:tf] kl/ifbn] ;+3 / k|b]z jLr ljjfb pTkGgx'g glbg] tyf ;+3 / k|b]z / k|b]z k|b]z jLrsf] cGt/ ;DaGwnfO{ ;d]t Jojl:yt ug{;Sb5 . cGt/ k|b]z jLr sfg"gL k|s[ltsf ljjfb afx]s cGo s'g} ljjfbsf] ;[hgf ePdfTo:tf ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg ug{ cGt/ k|fb]lzs kl/ifbsf] :yfkgf ug{ ;lsG5 . To:tf] kl/ifbn];fdfGotof ljjfbsf] hfFra'em ug]{, ljjfbsf] ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt k|b]zx?;Fu 5nkmn ug]{,/fhg}lts ;Dd]ng ug]{, ljjfbsf] ljifodf cg';Gwfg ug]{ / ;dfwfg ug{] sfo{ ug{ ;Sb5 .o:tf] kl/ifb :yfoL / c:yfoL k|s[ltsf] x'g ;Sb5 . vf;u/L sfg"gL afx]s cGo ljifodf;+3 / k|b]z jLr / k|b]zx? jLr ;xof]u / ;dGjo a[l4 ug{ o:tf] ;+oGqn] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsfv]Ng ;Sb5 . xfd|f] ;Gbe{df klg o:tf] kl/ifbsf] u7g ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf /xg' pko'Qm x'G5 .cGt/ k|fb]lzs kl/ifbdf sfo{sf/L k|d'v — cWoIf, ;+3Lo u[xdGqL — ;b:o, ;+3Lo cy{dGqL— ;b:o / k|b]zsf k|d"vx? — ;b:o /xg] / ;f] kl/ifbn] cfjZostf cg';f/ ;DalGwt52

ljifosf] ;+3Lo dGqL, ;DalGwt ljifosf k|fb]lzs dGqL tyf ljz]if1nfO{ a}7sdf cfdGq0fug{ ;Sg] tyf kl/ifbsf] sfo{ljlw ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf sfg"g2f/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'gpko'St x'G5 .*=%=!=@= ;+3Lo Joj:yflksf;+3Lo Joj:yflksf hgtfaf6 lgjf{lrt k|ltlglwx?sf] ;jf]{Rr /fhg}lts lgsfo xf] .o;df ;Dk"0f{ /fi6«sf hgtfsf] k|ltlglwTj /x]sf] x'G5 . o;n] ;+3Lo PsfOx? jLrsfljjfbx?nfO{ 5nkmn tyf ljrf/ ljdz{sf] dfWodaf6 lgisif{ lgsfnL ;dfwfg ug{ ;Sb5 .o:tf] ;+oGqaf6 ljjfb ;dfwfg k|efjsf/L ;d]t x'g ;Sb5 lsgsL o;df hgtfsf] lgoGq0f;d]t x'G5 . t;y{ ;+3 -s]Gb«_ / k|b]z -;+3Lo PsfO_ jLr / k|b]z–k|b]z jLrsf] ljjfbnfO{;+3Lo Joj:yflksfsf] j}7saf6 5nkmn u/L ;dfwfg ug]{ Joj:yf ul/g' pko'Qm x'G5 .To:tf ljjfb cGtu{t cGt/ k|fb]lzs kl/ifbaf6 l;kmfl/z eO{ cfPsf jf ;+3LoJoj:yflksfn] cfjZos 7fg]sf ljifo kb{5g\ .*=%=!=#= hgdt ;+u|x;+3Lo PsfOx? jLr pTkGg x'g] sltko ljifox? dxTjk"0f{ tyf hl6n x'g ;Sb5g\. To:tf ljifox?df ;+3Lo Joj:yflksfn] 5nkmn u/L ;dfwfg x'g g;s]df jf ;+3LoJoj:yflksfn] cfjZos 7fg]df hgdt ;+u|xsf] dfWodaf6 ;dfwfg ug]{ Joj:yf /xg'pko'Qm x'G5 . hgdt ;+u|xsf] ljifoj:t' uDeL/tf tyf k|s[ltsf] cfwf/df /fi6« e/L jf s'g}k|b]zsf nflu x'g ;Sb5 . hgdt ;+u|x ;DaGwL Joj:yf ;+3Lo Joj:yflksfn] sfg"g agfO{lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg] k|fjwfg /xg' pko'Qm x'G5 .*=%=!=$= k|fb]lzs Joj:yflksf;+3Lo ;+/rgf cGtu{t lgdf{0f x'g] k|b]z / ;f] dftxt /xg] :yfgLo tx Pj+ ljz]if;+/rgf cGtu{tsf If]qx? jLr ljjfbx?sf] l;h{gf x'g ;Sb5 . To:tf ljjfbx? /fhgLltstxdf 5nkmn u/L ;dfwfg ul/g' k|efjsf/L x'g ;S5 . To;sf nflu k|fb]lzs Joj:yflksfpko'Qm ;+oGq x'g ;S5 . t;y{ k|b]z / :yfgLo txx? jLr, k|b]z / ljz]if ;+/rgfx? jLr/ :yfgLo tx / ljz]if ;+/rgfx? jLrsf] ljjfbnfO{ ;DalGwt k|b]z -;+3Lo PsfO_ sf]Joj:yflksfn] 5nkmn u/L 6'+uf] nufpg] Joj:yf ul/g' pko'Qm x'G5 . o:tf ljjfbsf]5nkmn Pj+ lg0f{o ug{] k|s[of ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw k|fb]lzs Joj:yflksfn] g} lgwf{/0f ug]{Joj:yf /xg' pko'Qm x'G5 .*=%=@= Goflos ;+oGq;+3Lo k|0ffnLdf ;/sf/sf txx? jLr clwsf/sf] k|of]u / kfngfsf] ljifodf ;+j}wflgs/ sfg"gL ljjfbx? pTkGg x'G5g\ . To:tf ljjfbx?nfO{ ;+j}wflgs / sfg"gL cfwf/df ;dfwfgul/g' kb{5 . To;sf nflu Goflos ;+oGqsf] cEof; ;+3Lo d"n'sx?df /x]sf] kfOG5 . Goflos;+oGq cGtu{t ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, 5'§} ;+j}wflgs cbfnt, pRr cbfnt, Gofoflws/0f h:tflgsfox? kb{5g\ . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df sfg"gL tyf ;+j}wflgs ljjfbsf] Goflos ;dfwfg ug{lgDg ;+oGq /xg' pko'Qm b]lvG5 .*=%=@=!= ;+j}wflgs cbfnt;+3 / k|b]z jLr, k|b]z k|b]z jLr / k|b]z / :yfgLo tx, k|b]z / ljz]if ;+/rgf /:yfgLo tx / ljz]if ;+/rgfsf If]qx? jLr ;+ljwfg / ;+ljwfgåf/f k|4t clwsf/sf] k|of]u /kfngf ug]{ ljifodf jf ;+j}wflgs JofVofsf] ljifodf s'g} ljjfb pTkGg ePdf To:tf]ljjfbsf] Goflos ;dfwfgsf] nflu 5'§} ;+j}wflgs cbfntsf] :yfkgf ul/g' pko'Qm x'G5 .;+3 / k|b]z tyf k|b]z k|b]z jLr pTkGg x'g] sfg"gL Pj+ ;+j}wflgs ljjfbx? cGo sfg"gLljjfb eGbf km/s k|s[ltsf x'G5g\ . To;sf/0f o:tf ljjfbsf] lg?k0fsf nflu Goflos k|s[of;d]t km/s x'G5 . ;fdfGo cbfntnfO{ o:tf ljjfb x]g]{ If]qflwsf/ k|bfg ubf{ ljjfbsf];dfwfg l56f]5l/tf] / k|efjsf/L x'g ;Sb}g lsgsL ;fdfGo cbfntn] JolQm–JolQm / JolQmtyf cGo lgsfox? jLrsf w]/} ljjfbx?sf] lg/f]k0f ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . ;+j}wflgs cbfntnfO{;+3Lo PsfOx? jLrsf] sfg"gL / ;+j}wflgs ljjfb dfq x]g]{ If]qflwsf/n] ljjfb ;dfwfgl56f]5l/tf] / k|efjsf/L x'g ;Sb5 . o;sf cnfjf ;+j}wflgs cbfntdf ljz]if1 GofofwLz,53

;+j}wflgs sfg"gsf k|fWofks tyf ljz]if1x? /xg ;Sg] x'bfF ;+j}wflgs ljjfb ;dfwfgdf;3fp k'Ug ;Sb5 . t/ s'g} sfg"gL kIf ;dfj]z gePsf] /fhg}lts k|s[ltsf] ljifo o;cbfntsf] If]qflwsf/ leq /xg' x'b}g . ;+j}wflgs cbfntsf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g] Joj:yf /xg'kg]{ b]lvG5 . s'g} ljjfb ;+j}wflgs jf sfg"gL xf] xf]Og eGg] k|Zg p7]df To;sf] lg/f]k0f;+j}wflgs cbfntn] g} ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf /xg' pko'Qm x'G5 .o:tf] ;+j}wflgs cbfntdf Ps hgf cWoIf ;lxt % hgf ;b:o /xg] / To;df/xg] cWoIf tyf ;b:ox?sf] lgo'lQm, of]Uotf, ;]jfsf zt{, ljjfb lg?k0f ug]{ sfo{ljlw /k|lqmof ;+3Lo ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] Joj:yf;+u ldNg] u/L /fVg ;lsG5 . ;+j}wflgs cbfntdf/xg] cWoIf tyf ;b:ox?sf] lgo'lQm ubf{ ;dfj]zL / ;dfg'kflts l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df ug{'pko'Qm x'g] b]lvG5 .*=%=@=@= k|fb]lzs pRr cbfntk|b]z cGtu{t lgdf{0f x'g] :yfgLo tx / ljz]if ;+/rgfsf] clwsf/ ;+ljwfgdf;"rLs[t eP cg';f/ tL lgsfon] k|of]u ub{5g\ . k|b]zn] ;+ljwfgdf ;"rLs[t ePsf ljifosfcnfjf k|fb]lzs ;"rLdf k/]sf ljifodf ;d]t :yfgLo tx / ljz]if ;+/rgfnfO{ sfg"gåf/fclwsf/ k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sb5 . To:tf] cj:yfdf :yfgLo txx? jLr, ljz]if ;+/rgfx?jLr / :yfgLo tx / ljz]if ;+/rgf jLr sfg"gL ljjfbx? pTkGg x'g ;Sb5g\ . To:tfsfg"gL ljjfb l56f] 5l/tf] ?kdf ;dfwfg ug{ / ef}uf]lns ;'udtfsf] b[li6n] k|fb]lzs pRrcbfntaf6 z'? sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug{ pko'Qm x'g] x'bFf of] Joj:yf ug{ pko'St x'G5 .t;y{ :yfgLo tx / ljz]if ;+/rgf, :yfgLo txx?, ljz]if ;+/rgfx? jLr pTkGgx'g] sfg"gL ljjfbsf] lg/fs/0f ;DalGwt k|b]zsf] pRr cbfntaf6 ul/g' kb{5 . To:tf]cbfntsf] lg0f{o pk/ ;+j}wflgs cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf /xg' pko'Qmx'G5 .*=%=#= j}slNks pkfox?;+3Lo PsfO? jLr pTkGg x'g] ;Dk"0f{ ljjfbx?sf] ;dfwfg cbfntL k4lt (JudicialMethod) af6 dfq} k|efjsf/L x'g ;Sb}g sltko ljjfb jf c;dembf/L j}slNks k|s[of (NonJudicial Method) sf] dfWodaf6 ;dfwfg ug'{ k|efjsf/L x'g ;Sb5 . o:tf] k|s[ofn] ;+3LoPsfOx? jLr cfk;L ;dembf/L / ;xof]unfO{ a[l4 u/L cGttM ;+3LotfnfO{ g} ;kmn agfpgd2t ub{5 . o; cGtu{t låkIfLo Pj+ ax'kIfLo jftf{, d]nldnfk, ;dGjo Pj+ dWo:ytf h:tfk|s[of canDag ug{ ;lsG5 . o:tf k|s[of cGtu{t ;DalGwt ;+3Lo PsfOx?n] cfkm}n] ljjfb;dfwfg ug{] k|of; ug]{ / tL k|of;af6 ;dfwfg x'g g;s]df dfq} Goflos ;dfwfgsf] nflu;+j}wflgs cbfnt jf k|fb]lzs pRr cbfntdf hfg ;Sg] Joj:yf ul/g' pko'Qm x'g] b]lvG5 .o:tf k|s[ofsf] canDag vf;u/L l;df ;DaGwL ljifo, k|fs[lts >f]tsf] afF8kmFf8, Jofkf/jfl0fHo, /fh:j afF8kmfF8 h:tf ljifox?df canDag ul/g' k|efjsf/L x'g ;S5 . o:tf k|s[ofcGtu{t ljjfb ;dfwfg ug{] sfo{ljlw nufotsf ljifo ;+3Lo sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f ul/g' pko'Qmx'G5 .54

(= ljz]if(=!= cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/(=!=!= P]ltxfl;s k[i6el"dkl/R5]b — (cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/sf] cWoog ubf{ tTsflng ;fd|fHosf zf;sx? / Pl;of tyfo'/f]k leqsf pklgj]zsf jfl;Gbfx?sf] eflifs Pj+ ;f+:s[lts k[i6e"ld leGgfleGg]} ePsf] /;fd|fHojfbsf] cGTo lt/ ;f+:s[lts / eflifs Ps?ktf ePsf ;d'bfonfO{ :jfoQtf k|bfg u/L:jtGq d'n'ssf] lgdf{0f ePsf] x'gfn] To:tf] :jfoQtfnfO{ /fli6«o cfTdlg0f{o eGg] ul/of] .jf:tjdf cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ leq k|To]s /fHosf hgtf jfxo x:tIf]k ljgf cfk"m s;/Lzfl;t x'g rfxG5 eGg] s'/fsf] lg0f{o ug{ :jtGq ePsf] x'G5 .cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ eGgfn] cfˆgf jf/]df cfk}mn] lg0f{o ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ nfO{hgfpb5 . x/]s JolQm, hflt, eflifs ;d'bfo / If]qLo ;d'bfonfO{ cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ x'G5eGg] l;4fGt Ps k|sf/n] ;j{dfGo l;4fGt alg;s]sf] 5 . t/ cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/sf] ;Ldf /bfo/fsf af/]df eg] Psdtsf] l:ylt 5}g .cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/sf] ;DaGwdf ljleGg b[li6sf]0f /x]sf] kfOG5 .s_ Enflbld/ n]lggsf] wf/0ff;g\ !(!# df /fhg}lts lg0f{osf] clwsf/sf] ?kdf pTkL8s /fi6«af6 pTkLl8t /fi6«n]5'l§g kfpg] / :jtGq ?kdf cfˆgf] sfg"g agfpg kfpg] /fi6«sf] clwsf/sf] ?kdfcfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ xf] eGg] pNn]v ePsf] kfOG5 . ;f]leot ;+3sf] lgdf{0f x'bFf :jtGq ?kdf/x]sf /fHox? ldn]/ ;f]leot ;+3sf] lgdf{0f ul/Psf] / ;f] s|ddf Enflbld/ n]lggn] To:tf:jtGq /fHox?nfO{ cfjZostf cg';f/ 5'l§P/ cnu :jtGq /fHo agfpg kfpg] u/LcfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ x'g] pNn]v u/]sf lyP . ;f] cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/sf] l;4fGtsf] bfo/fleq /fi6«x?nfO{ 5'l§P/ a]Un} /fHo u7g ug]{ clwsf/ ;Dd lyof] .v_ ;+g\ !(!* df cd]l/sL /fi6«klt lj8«f] ljN;gn] k|fb]lzs cIf'0ftf Pj+ /fHosf] cl:tTj,:jtGqtf / ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] clwsf/sf] ?kdf cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/nfO{ JofVof u/]sf lyP .pgsf cg';f/ cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ cGtu{t s'g} klg /fi6«n] pklgj]zaf6 d'Qm x'g kfpg]clwsf/ / ;fj{ef}d /fi6« dflysf] x:tIf]k lj?4sf] clwsf/ xf] .u_ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] :yfkgf k"j{ !(## sf] df]G6]lel8of] ;+lxtfn] :yfoL hg;+Vof, lglZrt e"–efu, ;/sf/ / c? /fHo;Fu ;DaGw /fVg ;Sg] Ifdtf cyf{t\ ;fj{ef}d;Qf ePsf] /fHon]:jtGq ?kdf cfly{s /fhg}lts Pj+ cGo lqmofsnfk ug{ kfpg'nfO{ /fHosf] cfTdlg0f{osf]clwsf/ x'g] pNn]v u/]sf] lyof] .3_ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] j8fkq, k|lt1fkq tyf dxf;lGwdf ePsf] wf/0ff!= ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] j8fkq -!($%_ df hgtfsf] cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/sf] ;DaGwdfpNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . h; cg';f/ ;dfg clwsf/sf] l;4fGt / hgtfx?sf] cfTdlg0f{osf]clwsf/sf] l;4fGtsf] ;Ddfgdf cfwfl/t d}lqk"0f{ ;DaGw /fi6«x? jLr ljsl;t ug{';+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] p2]Zo x'g]5 . j8fkqsf] wf/f %% df hgtfx?sf] cfTdlg0f{osf]l;4fGtsf] ;Ddfgdf cfwfl/t ePsf /fi6«x? jLrsf] zflGtk"0f{ / d}qLk"0f{ ;DaGwsf nflu;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3n] pRrQ/ hLjg:t/, k"0f{ /f]huf/ cyf{t\ cfly{s ;fdflhs k|ult P+jljsf;sf l:yltx?, e]befj ljgf ;a}sf nflu dfgj clwsf/ / :jtGqtfx?sf] ;Ddfgtyf kfngf ug]{ s'/fx?nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ s'/f pNn]v 5 .@= ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] gful/s tyf /fhg}lts cle;lGw, !(^^ sf] wf/f ! -!_ cg';f/cfTd lg0f{osf] clwsf/ eGgfn] hgtfsf] /fhg}lts x}l;ot sfod ug{, cfly{s ;fdflhs/ ;f:+s[lts ljsf;sf] nflu :jtGqtfk"j{s k|of]u ug{ ;Sg] clwsf/nfO{ hgfp5 . (Allpeople have the right of self-determination. By virtue of that right they freelydetermine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social, culturaldevelopment)55

;f]xL cle;lGwsf] wf/f @& df hftLo, wfld{s / eflifs cNk;+Vosx? /x]sf/fHox?df To:tf cNk;+Vosx?nfO{ tLlgx?sf] ;d"xsf cGo ;b:ox? ;+u} cfkmgf];+:s[lt tyf wd{ dfGg] / efiff jf]Ng] clwsf/af6 jl~rt u/Lg] 5}g eGg] pNn]v ePsf]kfOG5 . cle;GwLsf] pQm k|fjwfgn]{ cNk;+Vos ;d'bfosf] hLjg k4ltsf] ;+/If0f /k|j4{g ug{ rfx]sf] eGg ;lsG5 . o;af6 hfltut, eflifs, ;f+:s[lts / wfld{s¿kdfcNk;+Vos¿kdf /x]sf ;d'bfosf] eflifs Pj+ ;f+:s[lts clwsf/ pkof]u ug{ kfpg]clwsf/nfO{ k|Tofe"lt k|bfg u/]sf] dfGg ;lsG5 . t/ o; k|fjwfgn] /fi6«sf];fj{ef}d;Qf / If]qLo cv08tfnfO{nfO{ k|lts'n k|efj kf/]sf] eGg ldNb}g . lsgeg] of]clwsf/ s'g} Ps kIf hf] /fHo leqsf] s'g} e"–efudf /x]sf] / cfkmgf] hfltut, eflifs,wfld{s / ;f+:s[lts /xg ;xgsf cfwf/n] 5'6}[ klxrfg agfPsf ;d'bfosf] hLjgk4ltnfO /fHon] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{g / ljsf; ug'{ kg]{ s'/fdf ;Lldt ePsf] 5 .#= ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/ ;DalGw cGt/f{li6«ok|lt1fkq (International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights), !(^^sf] wf/f ! df ;Dk"0f{ hgtfx?nfO{ cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ 5 . To; clwsf/sf] sf/0faf6g} pgLx? :jtGqtfk"j{s cfˆgf] /fhg}lts x}l;ot lgwf{/0f u/L :jtGqtfk"j{s cfˆgf]/fhgLlts, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts ljsf;df nfUb5g\ eGg] pNn]v 5 . (All peoples havethe right of self-determination. By virtue of that right they freely determine theirpolitical status and freely pursue their economic, social, cultural development) ;f]xLk|lt1fkqsf] wf/f ! -#_ df u}/ :jzfl;t tyf Gof; Onfsfx?sf] k|zf;g ug]{pQ/bfloTj ePsf kIfsf /fi6«x? k|:t't k|lt1fkqsf kIf /fi6«x?n] cfTdlg0f{osf]clwsf/sf] k|flKt k|j4{g ug]{ / ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf j8fkqsf Joj:yfx? cg'?k ;f]clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg ug]{ pNn]v 5 .$= cflbjf;L hghfltsf ;DaGwdf ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] dxf;efsf] 3f]if0ff -@))&_ df klgcfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/sf] jf/]df pNn]v u/]sf] kfOG5 . o; cGt/ut cflbjf;Lhghfltx?n] plgx?sf] ;f+:s[lts k[ystf tyf sfg"gL k|0ffnL cjnDjg ug{, cfˆg}efiffdf lzIff k|bfg ug{ / cfˆg} k|ltlglwd"ns ;+:yfx? :yfkgf ug{ kfpg' kg]{ /ltgLx?nfO{ c;/ kg]{ lg0f{odf plgx?sf] k/fdz{ lng' kg]{, cfˆgf] ;d'bfosf] lzIff,:jf:Yo h:tf ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ sfo{df ltgLx? ;+nUg x'g kfpg] h:tf clwsf/x? kg{cfp5 . pQm 3f]if0ffkqdf lgDg clwsf/x? pNn]v ePsf] kfOG5M–wf/f # – cflbjf;L hghftL hgtfnfO{ cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ x'g]5 . To; clwsf/sfcfwf/df plgx?n] :jtGqtfk"j{s cfkmgf] /fhg}lts k4lt lgwf{/0f ug{ ;St5g/ pgLx? cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts ljsf; tk{m pGd'v x'g]5g .wf/f $ – cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/sf] cEof; ubf{ cflbjf;L hghftL hgtfn] plgx?sf]cfGtl/s tyf :yfgLo dfldnfx?df :jfoQtf jf :j;/sf/sf] clwsf/ x'g]5 .;fy}, :jfoQtfsf] ;~rfngsf] nflu ;|f]t tyf nuflgsf pkfox? ;DjGwLclwsf/ klg plgx?df x'g]5g\ .wf/f $^=! – of] 3]fif0ffsf] s'g}klg s'/fsf] JofVof ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] j8fkqsf] k|lts"nx'g] u/L s'g} klg /fHo, hgtf, ;d'x jf JolQm s'g} sfo{df ;+nUg x'g] jf sfo{ug]{ u/L u/Lg] 5}g cyjf ;fj{ef}d tyf :jtGq /fHox?sf] If]qLo cv08tf jf/fhgLlts PstfnfO{ k"0f{ jf cf+lzs¿kdf cnu x'g] jf ljv08g ug]{ vfnsf]s'g} sfo{nfO{ cflwsfl/tf lbg] jf k|f]T;flxt ug]{ u/L s'g} s'/fsf] JofVof ul/g]5}g .%= cflbjf;L hghftLsf] clwsf/sf] ;DjGwdf cGt//fli6«o >d ;+u7gsf] dxf;GwL !^( n]klg cflbjf;L hgtfx?n] ;d'bfodf Plss[t x'g] ult tyf pgLx?sf ;+:s[ltsf eljiojf/] plgx? cfk}mn] lg0f{o ug{ ;Ifd x'g' kg]{ s'/f kb{5 . cflbjf;L hghfltsf] ;f+:s[ltsklxrfgsf] nflu o; dxf;lGwn] To:tf ;d'bfosf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts k/Dk/fPj+ /xg ;xg, jftfj/0fLo ;+/If0f, ;|f]t / ;fwg dflysf] clwsf/, ;fdflhs ;'/Iff /efiffsf] ;+/If0f / k|j4{g ug'{ kg]{ Joj:yf ePsf] kfOG5 .56

;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 dfkm{t\ ljsf; ePsf] cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/n] :jtGqtfk"j{s,ljgf afx\o x:tIf]k /fi6« tyf hgtfn] cfˆgf] /fhg}lts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[ltsljsf; ug]{ clwsf/ / cfˆgf] If]q leq lgoGq0f ug]{ ] clwsf/ ;dfj]z ub{5 . t/ 5'l§gkfpg] (Secession) clwsf/ ;d]6\b}g . To;n] Pp6} b]zleq :jzf;g :jfoQtfnufotsf /fhg}lts, cfly{s, ;f+:s[lts clwsf/ k|fKt ug]{ ;Ldf ;Dd ;Lldt /fVb5 .cfTd–lg0f{osf] clwsf/ k|of]u ubf{ cfGtl/s / :yfgLo ?kdf ;+:s[lt, wd{,lzIff, ;"rgf, ;+rf/, :jf:Yo, a;f]af;, /f]huf/, ;fdflhs sNof0f, cfly{s lqmofsnfk,jfl0fHo, e"ld tyf ;|f]t;fwgsf] kl/rfng, jftfj/0f ;DaGwL clwsf/ / oL sfo{x?sfnflu cfly{s ;|f]t h'6fpg :jfoQtf / :jzf;gsf] clwsf/ x'G5 .(Indigenous peoples, as a specific form of enriching their right to selfdetermination, have the right to autonomy or self government in matters relating totheir internal and local affairs, including culture, religion, education, information,media, health, housing, employment, social welfare, economic activities, local andresources management, as well as ways and means for financing these autonomousfunctions.)(=!=@= g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/cflbjf;L, cflbjf;L hghftL, dw]zLnfO{ cfGtl/s / :yfgLo ?kdf /fhgLlt, ;+:s[lt,wd{, efiff, lzIff, ;"rgf, ;+rf/, :jf:Yo, a;f]af;, /f]huf/, ;fdflhs ;'/Iff, cfly{slqmofsnfk, jfl0fHo, e"ld, ;|f]t;fwgsf] kl/rfng tyf jftfj/0f ;DaGwL clwsf/sf ?kdfcfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ /xg] 5 . oL ljifox?df sfg"g agfO{ lglZrt ul/g] 5 . cfTdlg0f{osf]clwsf/sf] k|of]u ubf{ b]zsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, :jtGqtf, Pstf / g]kfnsf] If]qLo cv08tfdfvnn gkg]{ u/L ul/g] 5 .(=@= /fhg}lts cu|flwsf/;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnLdf hfg'kg]{ Pp6f k|d'v sf/0f /fHo;Qfdf pTkLl8t hflt÷;d'bfo,n}lËs lje]b, plTk8Lt eflif / pTkLl8t If]qsf hgtfsf] kx'FrxLgtf xf] . To;}n] /fHo;Qfdflk5l8Psf plTk8Lt hflt÷;d'bfox?sf] kxF'r / g]t[TjnfO{ :yflkt ug]{ ljz]if Joj:yf ljgf Tof];+ej x'Gg . To:tf] ljz]if Joj:yf eg]sf] /fhg}lts cu|flwsf/sf] Joj:yf g} xf] .o:tf] /fhg}lts cu|flwsf/sf] Joj:yf ljz]if ;+/rgf ;DalGw Joj:yf cGtu{t lgdf{0f x'g]:jfoQ If]qsf nflu lbg' cfjZos x'G5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf ;fdfGo ;+/rgf cGtu{t hftLo÷;d'bfosfcfwf/df lgdf{0f x'g] k|b]zx?sf] xsdf /fhg}lts bnx?n] lgjf{rgsf] ;dodf / ;/sf/ lgdf{0fsf]qmddf ;DalGwt k|b]zdf afx"No /x]sf] hflt÷;d'bfosf] ;b:onfO{ d'Vo g]t[Tj txdf k|fyldstf lbg'kg]{ cfjZostf /xG5 . o:tf] /fhg}lts cu|flwsf/sf] k|fjwfg b'O{ sfo{sfnsf lglDt dfq x'g]5 .To;kl5 pQm Joj:yf :jtM lglis|o x'g]5 .(=#= ljz]if clwsf/;dfg clwsf/sf] cfwf/df dfq} ;a} If]qsf vf;u/L lk5l8Psf, pTkL8gdf k/]sf JolQm;d'bfo, ju{, hfthfltsf hgtfsf] pTyfg / ljsf; x'g ;Sb}g . To:tf JolQm ;d'bfosf nflu ljz]ifclwsf/sf ?kdf ljz]if Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{ cfjZostf /xG5 . /fHon] o'uf}+ b]lv /fhgLlts, cfly{s,;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts cflb If]qdf k5fl8 kfb}{ cfPsf JolQm tyf ;d'bfox?sf lglDt ljz]ifclwsf/x?sf] Joj:yf ePdf dfq To:tf ;d'bfox? cGo ;d'bfo ;/xsf] l:yltdf k'Ug ;S5g\ .To:tf] Joj:yf ;du| If]qdf pTkLl8t ;d'bfo cGo ;d'bfo ;/xdf gk'u'Gh]n ;Ddsf nflu ul/g'kb{5 . To:tf] ju{ jf ;d'bfodf d"ntM dlxnf tyf blnt ;d'bfosf JolQmx? kb{5g\ .(=#=!= dlxnfg]kfnL ;dfhdf dlxnfsf] /fhg}lts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs cj:yfsf] cWoogn] Hofb}k5fl8 k/]sf] tyf cj;/af6 jl~rt ;d'xsf] ?kdf lng] u/]sf]] 5 . dlxnfx? k'?if ;/xsf]l:yltsf] t'ngfdf Hofb} c;dfg l:yltdf /x]sf 5g\ . dlxnfx?df klg dw]zL dlxnf /blnt dlxnfsf] cj:yf bogLo /x]sf] 5 . To;/L g} dlxnfx? jLr klg zx/L If]qdf a:g]dlxnfsf] t'ngfdf u|fdL0f If]qdf a:g] dlxnfx? j9L k5fl8 k/]sf] jf kfl/Psf] / bogLo57

cj:yf kfOG5 . dlxnfx? clxn] ;Dd gLlt lgdf{0f txdf k|foM k'Ug g;s]sf]n] To:tflgsfodf pgLx?sf] k|ltlglwTjsf] ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL lj:tf/ ul/g' kb{5 eGg] dfGotfnfO{cfTd;ft ug{ vf]lhPsf] 5 . /fhgLlts tyf gLlt lgdf{0f ug]{ txdf dlxnfnfO{ g]t[Tj ug]{cj;/ k|fKt x'g ;s]sf] 5}g ./fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf ubf{ juL{o, hftLo, n}lËs lje]bsf] cGTo ub}{ dlxnfx?sf];d:ofnfO{ ;Daf]wg u/L /fHo ;+/rgfsf ;a} c+ux?df dlxnfsf] ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zLsf]cfwf/df ;xefuL u/fpg] tyf dlxnfx?sf] ;d:ofnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ ljBdfg e]befjsf]cGTo u/L ;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnL ;lxtsf] cu|ufdL k'g;{+/rgf ug]{ ;Gbe{df ;+3Lo ;+/rgfdfdlxnfsf] xs clwsf/sf] ;DaGwdf ljz]if Joj:yf x'g' kg]{ b]lvG5 . h;af6 dlxnf;d'bfosf] pTyfg eO{ ljut b]lv ljBdfg lje]bx?sf] cGTo x'g'sf ;fy} k'?if ;/xsf] ;dfg:t/df k'¥ofpg d2t ub{5 . To;sf nflu b]xfo cg';f/ ljz]if clwsf/x? ;+ljwfgdfJoj:yf ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 .(=#=!=!= ;dfg clwsf/sf] Joj:yfg]kfnsf] ljBdfg ;+ljwfg / sfg"gdf dlxnf / k'?ifnfO{ ;dfg clwsf/sf]Joj:yf eP klg To;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog cem} /fd|f];Fu x'g ;s]sf] 5}g eg]sltko sfg"gdf cem} klg dlxnf / k'?if jLr c;dfgtf ;d]t /x]sf] 5 . t;y{ dlxnf/ k'?ifnfO{ lgDg ljifodf ;dfg clwsf/ x'g] Joj:yf /xg' kb{5 . oL clwsf/nfO{df}lns clwsf/ cGtu{t /fVg ;+ljwfg;efsf] df}lns xs ;DaGwL ;ldlt;+u ;dGjou/L Jojl:yt ug{ pko'Qm x'G5 .(=#=!=!=!= k}t[s ;DklQ, gful/stf, j+z tyf kfl/jfl/s dfldnfdf ;dfg clwsf/(=#=!=!=@= sfg"gsf] b[li6df ;dfg ;+/If0f / nfe k|fKt ug]{ clwsf/(=#=!=!=#= ;dfg sfdsf nflu ;dfg kfl/>lds kfpg] clwsf/(=#=!=!=$= ;DaGw ljR5]bsf] clwsf/(=#=!=@= dlxnfdf ;'/lIft clwsf/dlxnfnfO{ ;'/lIft ;Ddflgt hLjgofkg ug{sf nflu k|hgg tyf :jf:Yo;DaGwL clwsf/ / ;'/lIft dft[Tjsf] clwsf/ lbOg' kb{5 . o:tf clwsf/sf] nflug]kfn ;/sf/n] sfg"g agfO{ cfjZos kg]{ ;|f]t ;fwgsf] Joj:yf ug]{ 5 .(=#=!=#= ljz]if clwsf/(=#=@= blntb]xfosf If]qdf ljz]if clwsf/ / cj;/df k|fyldstf lbOg' kb{5 .(=#=!=#=!= /fHosf ;Dk"0f{ tx / ;+/rgfdf hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df ;dfj]zL ;lxtsf];dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjsf] clwsf/ x'g]5 .(=#=!=#=@= lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/L / ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] If]qdf ljz]if clwsf/ x'g]5 .(=#=!=#=#= gLlt lgdf{0fsf] txdf /xg] g]t[TjbfoL kbdf dlxnfsf] ;dfg'kfltsk|ltlglwTj / ;xeflutfsf] ljz]if Joj:yf ul/g] 5 .(=#=!=#=$= dlxnfsf] xs, lxt ;+/If0f / ;Da4{g u/L dlxnfsf] ;+du| ljsf; / n}lËs;dfgtf sfod ug{ Ps ;+3Lo dlxnf cfof]u /xg] Joj:yf ug]{ / To:tf]cfof]u k|fb]lzs :t/df ;d]t u7g ul/g]5 .(=#=!=#=%= dlxnfn] k|fKt ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/df dw]zL dlxnf, cflbjf;L hghfltdlxnf, cNk;+Vos / blnt dlxnfsf] ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj u/fOg] 5 .g]kfnL ;dfhdf blnt ;d'bfo o'uf} b]lv ljleGg pTkL8gdf /xb} cfPsf] 5 .kl5Nnf] hgu0fgfsf] tYofÍ cg';f/ blntx?sf] hg;+Vof nueu !#Ü /x]sf] 5 . o:tf];d'bfo 7"nf] ;+Vofdf b]zsf] ljleGg efu cyf{t\ lxdfn, kxf8 / t/fO{–dw]z If]qdf 5l/P//x]sf] l:ylt 5 . blntx?sf] /fhgLlts, clfy{s, ;fdflhs / z}lIfs cj:yf cToGt} k5fl858

kfl/Psf] 5 . To;df klg dw]zL blntsf] cj:yf emg\ bogLo b]lvG5 . e"ld / k|fs[lts ;|f]t;fwgx?df blnt ;d'bfosf] kxF'r Go"g /x]sf sf/0f cfly{s cj:yf klg bogLo /x]sf] 5eg] hftLo lje]b / 5'jf5't h:tf] s'/Lltsf sf/0f blnt ;d'bfo ckx]lnt hLjg afFRgljjz 5 . of] ;d'bfosf] pTkL8gnfO{ cGTo u/L /fHosf] ;dfj]zL / cu|ufdL k'g;{+/rgf ug]{tyf d'n'ssf] ;+3Lo, k|fb]lzs tyf :yfgLo txsf ;+/rgfsf ;a} c+ux?df blnt ;d'bfonfO{ljz]if clwsf/sf] Joj:yf ul/g' kg]{ cfjZostf /x]sf] 5 .(=#=@=!= blnt ;d'bfosf lglDt lgDgfg';f/ ljz]ifflwsf/sf] Joj:yf ul/g' kb{5 .(=#=@=!=!= cfly{s, ;f+:s[lts, ;fdflhs Pj+ z}lIfs If]qdf-s_ hft, ;d'bfo, j+z jf k]zfsf cfwf/df s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ s'g} klg :yfgdf s'g}lsl;dsf] 5'jf5't / e]befj ul/g] 5}g . o:tf] Jojxf/ dfgjtf lj?4sf] ulDe/b08lgo ;fdflhs ck/fw dflgg] 5 . kLl8t JolQmn] sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhdIfltk"lt{ kfpg] 5 .-v_ ;/sf/L, cw{–;/sf/L pBf]u / cf}3f]lus k|lti7fgx?df ;dfg'kflts 9+un] /f]huf/Lsf]k|Tofe"lt ul/g] 5 .-u_ blntsf k/Dk/fut k]zf;+u ;DalGwt cfw'lgs Joj;fodf blntnfO{ k|fyldstf lbOtbg';f/ ;Lk / ;|f]t pknAw u/fpg] 5 .-3_ /fHon] e"ldxLg blntnfO{ Ps k6s hldg pknAw u/fpg] 5 . / a;f]af;sf] ;d]tJoj:yf ug]{5 .-ª_ blnt ljBfyL{nfO{ k|fylds b]lv pRr lzIff ;Dd 5fqj[lQ ;lxt lgz'Ns lzIffsf]Joj:yf ul/g] 5 . k|fljlws pRr lzIffdf blntsf] nflu sfg"gåf/f ljz]if Joj:yf ul/g]5 .-5_ g]kfndf ;+3Lo blnt clwsf/ cfof]u /xg]5 . To:tf] cfof]u k|b]zdf klg u7gul/g]5 .-r_ blntx?sf] ;fdflhs k|ultsf] nflu lzIff, :jf:Yo / /f]huf/Ldf ljz]if Joj:yf ul/g] 5. ;fy} clfy{s pkf{hg ug]{ ;Lk / ;|f]t pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yf ul/g] 5 .(=#=@=!=@= /fhg}lts If]qdfs_ ;+3Lo, k|fb]lzs / :yfgLo txsf /fhg}lts ;+/rgfx?df blntsf] k|ltlglwTjnfO{;'lglZrt ug{ hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjsf] Joj:yf ug'{ kb{5 .blnt ;d'bfosf] /fHo;Qfdf kx'FrxLgtfsf] P]ltxfl;s >[ª\vnfnfO{ tf]8]/ cGo ;d'bfo;/x k'¥ofpg s]xL jif{sf lglDt ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjdf yk Ifltk"lt{ ;d]t pknAwu/fpg' kg]{ cj:yf /x]sf]n] ;+3Lo / k|fb]lzs ;+/rgfdf qmdzM #Ü / %Ü ykk|ltlglwTjsf] Joj:yf ul/g' kb{5 . /fhg}lts If]qdf blnt ;d'bfosf] k|ltlglwTjk|efjsf/L x'g ;s]df g} pgLx? gLlt lgdf{0fdf ;xefuL x'g ;Sg] cj:yf /xG5 . o:tf]Joj:yf ;+ljwfgdf k|Tofe"t u/L sfg"gåf/f Jojl:yt ul/g' kb{5 .(=#=@=!=#= lghfdtL ;]jf, k|x/L / ;]gf nufotsf cGo /f]huf/Lsf If]qdflghfdtL ;]jf, k|x/L / ;]gf nufotsf cGo /f]huf/Lsf If]qdf blnt ;d'bfosf];zlQms/0f, k|ltlglwTj / ;xeflutfnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{ ;sf/fTds lje]bsf] l;4fGtsf]dfGotfdf cfwfl/t /xL sfg"gåf/f ljz]if Joj:yf ;'lglZrt ul/g' pko'Qm x'G5 .(=#=@=!=$= blnt ;d'bfon] k|fKt ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/df kxf8L blnt, dw]zL blnt / blntdlxnfsf] ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj u/fOg] 5 .(=#=#= nf]kf]Gd'v hflt÷;d'bfosf] clwsf//fHoaf6 pTkLl8t, pk]lIft, /fHo;Qfsf] kx'Fraf6 6f9f k/]sf / alxis/0fdfkfl/Psf nf]kf]Gd'v hflt÷;d'bfosf] k|ltlglwTj, ;xeflutf / ljsf;nfO{ ljz]if ;+/If0f ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf /xG5 . To;sf nflu /fHon] ;+3Lo ;+/rgfsf ;a} txx?df k|ltlglwTj /59

;xeflutf tyf To:tf ;d'bfosf] ljsf;nfO{ sfg"g agfO{ ljz]if ;+/If0f ug]{ gLltcanDag ug'{ kb{5 .(=#=$= dw]zL ;d'bfosf] clwsf//fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf ubf{ dw]zL ;d'bfonfO{ ;+3Lo ;+/rgf cGtu{t gLlt lgdf{0fzf;g–k|zf;g nufot h+uL, k|x/L, ;+:yfg, ;/sf/L k|lti7fg, ljsf; ;ldltx? nufot;Dk"0f{ tx / ;+/rgfdf hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df ;dfj]zL ;lxtsf] ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj /g]t[Tj ;'lglZrt ug{'kg]{ x'G5 . To;sf nflu ;+3Lo :t/df Ps ;+j}wflgs cfof]u /cfjZostf cg';f/ k|b]zdf klg u7g ug]{ Joj:yf ug'{ kb{5 . o;/L u7g x'g] cfof]un]/fHo ;+oGqdf dw]zL ;d'bfosf] k|ltlglwTj / ;xeflutfsf] Joj:yfkg, sfof{Gjog ePgePsf] cg'udg u/L ;f] cg'?k sfof{Gjog ug{ u/fpg / /fHosf lgsfonfO{ ;ls|oagfpg ;xof]u ug]{5 .(=#=%= ljz]if clwsf/sf] ;dLIff tyf k'g/fjnf]sgdlxnf tyf blnt ;d'bfonfO{ k|bfg ul/g] ljz]if clwsf/sf] Joj:yfsf] sfo{fGjog/ To;sf] k|efj ;DaGwdf dfgj ljsf; ;"rÍfssf] cfwf/df cfjlws ?kdf ;dLIff tyfk'g/fjnf]sg ul/g' pko'Qm x'G5 . To;sf nflu k|To]s !) jif{df ul/g] /fli6«o hgu0fgf;+u}g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;dLIff tyf k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ Joj:yf ;d]t ;+ljwfgdf /flvg' pko'Qmx'G5 .60

cg';"rL - 1;ldltdf /xg' ePsf df) ;b:ox?sf] gfdfjnLqm=;+= ;b:ox?sf] gfdfjnL s}lkmot qm=;+= ;b:ox?sf] gfdfjnL s}lkmot1 df=>L clgns'df/ emf 23 df=>L e/t k|;fb zfx2 df=>L cd/jxfb'/ u'?Ë td' 24 df=>L dx]Gb|k|;fb ofbj3 df=>L cf/h' /f0ff b]pjf 25 df=>L dx]z rf}w/L4 df=>L OGb|hLt yf? 26 df=>L df]=ckmtfa cfnd5 df=>L pdfsfGt rf}w/L 27 df=>L d+unl;l4 dfgGw/6 df=>L cf]g;/L 3lt{ du/ 28 df=>L /fds'df/ zdf{7 df=>L uf]kfn ls/f+tL 29 df=>L /fdrGb| emf8 df=>L uf]kfn dfg >]i7 30 df=>L /fdhgd rf}w/L9 df=>L rGb|b]j hf]zL 31 df=>L nSsL z]kf{10 df=>L rGbf b]jL 32 df= >L nf]s]Gb| lji6 du/ -;efklt_11 df=>L l5dL nfdf 33 df=>L ljZjeQm b'nfn12 df=>L hok|sfzk|;fb u'Ktf 34 df=>L z/bl;+x e08f/L -c5fd_13 df=>L bfdfs'df/L zdf{ 35 df=>L zflGtb]jL rdf/14 df=>L w'|j cfªbDa] 36 df=>L z+s/ kf]v/]n15 df=>L g/xl/ cfrfo{ 37 df=>L ;Gtjxfb'/ g]kfnL16 df=>L gljGb|/fh hf]zL 38 df=>L ;Gtf]ifL lj=s=17 df=>L gf/fo0fdfg ljh'S5]+ 39 df=>L ;j{b]jk|;fb cf]emf18 df=>L lgnd s]=;L= -v8\sf_ 40 df=>L ;fljqf u'?Ë b'/f19 df=>L k"0f{k|;fb /fhj+zL 41 df=>L l;tfs'df/L kf}8]n20 df=>L k|ltef /f0ff 42 df=>L ;"o{dfg u'?Ë21 df=>L k|]djxfb'/ tfdfª 43 df=>L lxtdfg zfSo22 df=>L a'4/Tg dfgGw/;ldltsf] u7g x'bf ;ldltsf] ;b:odf dgf]lgt x'g' ePsf dfggLo ;b:ox? >L lrgss'dL{, >L /fdrGb| kf}8]n, >L ;'b;{g j/fn / >L 1fg]Gb| s'dfn ldlt @)^%.(.@^ ut] ;ldltsf];b:ox?sf] x]/k]m/ x'bf cGo ;ldltdf dgf]lgt eO{ hfg' ePsfn] pxfFx?sf] :yfgdf dfggLo >L;fljqf u'?Ë b'/f, >L gf/fo0f v8sf, >L nf]s]Gb| lji6 du/ / >L rGbf b]jL dgf]lgt x'g' ePsf]lyof] . To;kl5 ldlt @)^%.!).^ df ;ldltsf] ;b:ox?sf] k'g x]/k]m/ eO{ dfggLo >L gf/fo0fv8sfsf] :yfgdf dfggLo >L gljGb|/fh hf]zL dgf]lgt x'g' ePsf] 5 .61

cg';"rL - 2;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnLsf] lgod !$( cGtu{t /xL ;ldltn] lgod &# sf] pklgod -!_ v08 -s_ cg';f/ lgdf{0f ul/Psf] sfo{tflnsfqm=;+;ldltsf] ultljlw s] ug]{ s;/L ug]{ slxn] ug]{ sf]af6 ug]{! ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|Lsf] ;+sng ug]{M– ;Gb{e ;fdfu|L vf]hljg u/L ljt/0f – ljleGg ;+:yfn] d'n ;fdfu|Lsf] ;ldltsf]D"fn ;fdfu|LM -;}4flGts cjwf/0ff j'e\mg_ ug]{k|sflzt u/]sf xsdf ;lrjfnok':tsx?sf] ;"rL & lbg lbg ;b:o,Jofjxf/Ls 1fg cfh{g ug{M g]kfnsf] ;Gb{edfdfu]/,leq ;lrjfnosf]j'e\mg– ;DjlGwt JolQm tyfk':tsfno– ;+3Lotf ;DaGwL k':tslgsfoaf6 k|fKt u/]/,– /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf ;DaGwL k':ts– jhf/af6 vl/b u/]/,– /fHo zlStsf] jf+8kmf+8 ;DaGwL k':ts– OG6/g]6 k|of]u u/]/,– kmf]6f]skL u/]/,– k':tsfnosf] ;xof]u– lnP/ .hgcfsf+Iff / hgefjgf j'e\mg– /fhg}lts bnsf 3f]if0ffkq,– /fHok'g;{+/rgf ;DjGwdf ;fj{hlgs ¿kdfk|sflzt n]v /rgf tyf k|:tfjx?– g]kfn ;/sf/ / ljleGg bn, ;+3÷;+:yftyf ;d'x;+u ljutdf ePsf ;Demf}tfx? .– cGt//fli6«o >d ;+u7gsf] dxf;lGw !^(.– cflbjf;L hghftLsf] clwsf/ ;DjGwL3f]if0ffkq, @))&t'ngfTds cWoog ljZn]if0f ug{– ;+3Lo /fHo k|0ffnL ckgfPsf b]zx?sf];+ljwfg-;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf, blIf0f clk|msf,:jL6h/Nof08, hd{gL ef/t, ci6]lnof, ?;,a|flhn cflb_P]lR5s ;fdfu|LM– ljZjsf ;+ljwfgx?,– ;+3Lotf / /fHok'g;{+/rgf jf/]df k|sflztn]v, /rgf, k':tsx?, k|ltj]bgx?@ ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|Lsf] cWoog ug]{ – ;b:ox?n] JolQmut ¿kdf cWoogug]{ .62– JolQmut ¿kdfcWoog ug{ ;doP]lR5s;fdfu|Lsf]xsdf klxnf]j}7s b]lv g}pknJwePsf;fdfu|Lx?ljt/0f ub}{hfg];Gb{e ;fdfu|Lk|fKt eP kl5;dfgfGt/ultljlwIfdtf ljsf;;ldlt;+u;dGjo u/L ug]{.s}lkmot

– ;b:ox?n] ;fd'lxs ¿kdf 5nkmnug]{ .– ;ldltsf ;b:ox? jLr Hffgsf/Lcfbfg k|bfg ug]{ .# lj1x? /fv]/ 5nkmn ug]{ – lj1;+u al; sfo{;"rL klxrfg ug{5nkmn ug]{– lj1 lj1sf] jLr 5nkmndf– ;b:ox? ;xefuL– eP/ 5nkmn ug]{ .$ k|rf/ k|;f/ u/L /fo ;'emfj lng] – k|rf/ ug{ ;fdfu|Lsf] klxrfg ug]{,– /fo ;'emfj lng] ljlw k|ls|of to ug]{%= :ynut cWoog cjnf]sg e|d0f ug]{ – ;+DefJo k|ZgfjnL tof/ ug]{– b]zsf] ljleGg ef}uf]lns If]qsf]:ynut cWoog e|d0f ug]{ :ynsf]rog ug]{– ;+3Lo /fHo k4lt ckgfOPsfb]zx?sf] e|d0fdf hfg] b]zsf] 5gf]6ug]{^ljifout 5nkmndf k|j]zs_ /fHosf] ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds:j¿kdf x'g] ;+/rgf– ;b:ox? jLr ;ldltsf] sfo{If]qleqsf] ljifodf 5nkmn ug]{,– nf]stflGqs /fHo Joj:yfsfpknAw u/fP/,– ;fd'lxs ¿kdf5nkmn ug{ sfo{s|d;+rfng u/]/– ;b:ox? jLrcGt{ls|of sfo{s|du/]/– sfo{s|d k|:tf]tf,l6Kk0fLstf{ /5nkmndf ;xefuLeP/ .– lj1x?nfO{ ;ldltsf]j}7sdf cfdGq0fug]{, lj1x?af6Ph]08f klxrfg ug]{;ldltsf ;b:ox?nfO{ljleGg pk;ldltdfljefhg u/L ;fd'lxs¿kdf 5nkmn ug]{ .– cfd;+rf/sfdfWodsf] k|of]uu/]/, Od]n tyfj]e;fO8 vf]n]/,x6nfO{g 6]lnkmf]gJoj:yf u/]/ .– ljleGg ;+3;+:yfnfO{ k|of]u u/]/– lj1 / ;Nnfxsf/;+u ;Nnfx dfu]/pk;ldlt u7g u/]/– cled'lv sfo{qmd /sfo{zfnf uf]i7L;+rfng u/]/d:of}bf tof/geP ;Dd;Gb{e;fdfu|Lsf]cWoogkZrft @)^%df3sf] klxnf]xKtf;ldltn] lg0f{ou/]kl5@)^% df3d;fGt;Dd;ldltn] lg0f{ou/]kl5@)^%.!!.!lj1x?;ldltsf;b:ox?cWoIfsf]:jLs[lt lnO{;b:ox? /sd{rf/Lx?af6hgdt ;+sngtyf ;dGjo;ldlt;+u;dGjo ug]{;+j}wflgs ;ldlt,/fHosf] zf;sLo:j?k lgwf{/0f63

v_ ;+3Lo OsfOx?sf] If]q lgwf{/0f ug]{l;4fGt / cfwf/x?,u_ k|To]s PsfOx?sf] If]q lgwf{/0f / tLgsf]gfds/0f3_ ljleGg txsf ;+3Lo PsfOsf ;/sf/ jLrljwflosL, sfo{sfl/0fL / Goflos clwsf/sf]jf+8kmf+8cfwf/e"t dfGotfx? ;DjGwL ljifo– sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ ;lxtsf]cWoIftfTds k|0ffnL (Presidentialsystem)– sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ ;lxtsf]k|wfgdGqLo zf;g k|0ffnL(Parliamentary system)– ;+;f/df k|rngdf /x]sf cGo zf;gk|0ffnLsf l;4fGt, Jojxf/, u'0f /bf]ifsf] ljZn]if0f– g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df pko'Qm /Jofjxfl/s x'g] ;+3Lo zf;gk4ltjf/] 5nkmn ug]{ .– ;+3Lo OsfOsf] If]q lgwf{/0f ;DjGwLl;4fGt / cfwf/x?– k|fb]lzs If]qsf] lgwf{/0f ug]{ d'ne"tl;4fGtx?– cd]l/sf, ci6]«lnof, rLg, ef/t,Sofg8f, blIf0f clk|msf,:jL6h/Nof08, hd{gL, kk'jfGo"lulgnufotsf b]zsf] ;+3Lo 9f+rfcjnDjg ubf{ ckgfOPsf l;4fGt /cfwf/x?sf] cg'ej– g]kfnsf ;Gbe{df If]q lgwf{/0f u/Lgfds/0f ug{ pko'Qm x'g] cfwf/x?klxrfg ug]{ .– s]Gb|, k|b]z / :yfgLo ;/sf/sf]:j?k ltgLx? jLr cGt/ ;DjGw– k|b]z ;/sf/sf jLr ljwflosL,– cGt/lqmof u/]/– lj1x?sf] ;xof]ulnP/– ;}4flGts ;fdfu|Lx?cWoog u/L Pj+:ynut e|d0faf6cfwf/x? tof/ u/]/– ef}uf]lns cWoog,;/sf/ / ljleGg;+3÷;+:yf, ;d"xtyf bnx?;+u ePsf;xdlt / ;+emf}tfsf]cWoog,– hg;+Vofsf] jgf]6 /ljt/0fsf] cWoog .– hgtfsf] rfxgf /efjgf j'em]/– gS;fdf ;Ldf+sgug]{,– :ynut cWoog– sfo{zfnf uf]i7L u/L;b:onfO{ ;xefuLu/fP/b]lv P]= !%ut];Dd– k|b]zx?5'6fpg]cfwf/ tou/]/– :ynute|d0f u/]/– sfo{bn u7gu/]/ .;ldltn] lg0f{ou/]kl5cWoIfsf]:jLs[lt lnO{;ldltsf;b:ox? /sd{rf/Lx?af6-/fhlgltzf:qsfk|fWofks,;ldlt;+u;dGjo ug]{ .k|fs[lts ;|f]t /;fwg, /fHosf]zf;sLo :j?klgwf{/0f ;ldlt,Gofok|0ffnL;DjGwL ;ldlt,Joj:yflksLoc+usf] :j?klgwf{/0f;ldlt;+u;dGjo ug]{ .Joj:yflksLoc+usf] :j?klgwf{/0f / Gofo64

ª_ ljleGg txsf ;+3Lo PsfOsf] clwsf/ If]q;DjGwL ljifo;"rL / ;femf ljifo;"rLsf]lgwf{/0fr_ ;+3Lo OsfOx? jLr pTkGg x'g ;Sg]ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg ;DjGwL ;+oGqsfo{sfl/0fL / Goflos clwsf/sf] If]qjf+8kmf+8sf] cj:yf / ltgLx?sf]cGt/ ;DjGw .– zlQm k[ysLs/0f, zlQm ;Gt'ng /lgoGq0f ;DjGwL Joj:yfsf jf/]dfkl/lrt x'g].– s]lGb|o, k|b]z / :yfgLo ;/sf/n]k|of]u ug]{ clwsf/x?sf] ;"rL– s]lGb|o ;/sf/n] dfq ug{ kfpg]clwsf/ / lhDd]jf/L– k|b]z ;/sf/n] dfq ug{ kfpg]clwsf/ / lhDd]jf/Lsf] cWoog– :yfgLo ;/sf/n] dfq ug{ kfpg]clwsf/ / lhDd]jf/L– s]Gb| / k|b]z b'j}n] ug]{ sfo{x?sf];femf ;"rL– k|b]z / :yfgLo ;/sf/n] ug]{ ;femfsfo{;"rL– s]Gb| / k|b]z ;/sf/sf] Gofo k|0ffnL;DjGwL– ljjfb x'g] ;"rL to ug]{ /– ljjfb ;dfwfg ug]{ ;+oGq :yfkgf;DjGwdf cjwf/0ff jgfpg] .– s]Gb| / k|b]z tyf k|b]z k|b]z jLrljjfb x'g ;Sg] ljifosf] klxrfg ug]{.& cjwf/0ffkq tof/ ug]{ cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bftof/ ug{ 5nkmn ug]{65– ;+3Lo /fHo k4ltckgfPsf b]zx?sf]j}b]lzs cWoogcjnf]sg e|d0f u/]/.– ;xdlt u/]/lg:sif{df k'Ug] ./fhlglts zf:qsfk|fWofks, j'l4lhlj,e"uf]nljb\, hg;+Vofljb\,tYof+szf:qL,;dfhzf:qL,;+:s[ltljb\, efifljb\,k|zf;s, k|fs[lts;|f]tlj1x?af6 /fo;Nnfx Pj+ ;'emfjlnP/– lj1x?sf] /fo;Nnfx Pj+ ;'emfjlnP/– Uff]i7L, 5nkmn tyfcGt/lqmof ug]{,– sfg"gljb\,;+ljwfgljb,d:of}bfsf/ / efiffzf:qLsf] ;xof]ulng] .@)^% kmfNu'gd;fGt;Dd-!% lbg_j'l4lhljx?,e"uf]nljb\,hg;+Vofljb\,tYof+szf:qL,;dfhzf:qL,;+:s[ltljb\,efiffljb\,k|zf;s,k|fs[lts;|f]tlj1x?af6/fo ;NnfxPj+ ;'emfjlnP/_cjwf/0ffkqtof/ ug{pk;ldltu7g u/]/ .k|0ffnL ;DjGwL;ldlt;+u;dGjo ug]{ .

* d:of}bf pk;ldltn] cjwf/0ff kqsf] d:of}bf;ldltdf k]z ug]{( cjwf/0ff kqsf] cfwf/df ;+ljwfgsf] k|f/lDesd:of}bf tof/ ug]{ .– pk;ldltn] k]z u/]sf] cjwf/0ffsf]d:of}bf pk/ ;ldltdf 5nkmn ug]{ .– cjwf/0ff kqsf] d:of}bfnfO{ clGtd?k lbg].;ldltn] k|f/lDes d:of}bf tof/ ug{pk;ldlt u7g ug]{5nkmnaf6 p7]sfljifodf lg:sif{df k'Ug].;Nnfxsf/, lj1,/fhgLlt1;+u k/fdz{/fo ;'emfj lnP/ ug]{ .!) pk;ldltn] tof/ u/]sf] d:of}bf ;ldltdf k]zug]{ .;ldltn] 5nkmn u/L d:of}bf kl/dfh{gug]{ .!! k|f/lDes d:of}bfnfO{ clGtd ?k lbg] . ;+ljwfg;efdf k]z ug]{ . ;ldltdf 5nkmn u/Lkfl/t u/]/ .@)^% r}qklxnf] xKtf@)^% r}qd;fGt;Dd@)^^ j}zfvklxnf] xKtf@)^^ j}zfv!) ut]–;Dkfbg ubf{sfg"g,efiffzf:qL,lj1 /;Nnfxsf/sf];'emfjx?nfO{Wofg lbO{k|f/lDesd:of}bf tof/ug]{–,,–;ldltn] ug]{66

cg';"rL - 3a}7ssf] sfo{;"rL / a}7sdf pkl:yt dfggLo ;b:ox?sf] gfdfjnL;ldltsf] a}7ssf] sfo{;"rL / lg0f{o tflnsfl;= a}7s a}7ssf] ;do hDdfg+= ldltsfo{;"rL lg0f{o k|f/De :yug ;do1. @)^%.(.! != ;ldltsf ;b:ox? jLr kl/ro cfbfg k|bfg ug]{ . != ;ldltsf] sfo{ If]q leq kg]{ ljifodf ug'{kg]{@= ;ldltsf] sfo{ If]q leq kg]{ ljifodf ug'{kg]{ sfdsf] ljj/0f -sfo{;"rL_ / sfo{tflnsf lgdf{0flbgsf] # lbgsf] % @sfdsf] ljj/0f -sfo{;"rL_ / sfo{tflnsf lgdf{0f ug]{ ljifodf 5nkmn eof] . o; ;DaGwdfug]{ ljifodf 5nkmn .k|f/lDes vfsf tof/ u/L cfpFbf] a}7sdf k]z ug{ah] ah] 306f;ldltsf] ;lrjfnonfO{ lgb]{zg lbg] .2. @)^%.(.& != ;ldltsf] a}7sdf 5nkmn ubf{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ != ;ldltsf] a}7sdf 5nkmn ubf{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ljifox?df 5nkmn ug]{ .ljifox? :jLs[t u¥of] .@= ;lrjfnon] k]z u/]sf] ;ldltsf] sfo{tflnsfsf] @= ;lrjfnon] k]z u/]sf] sfo{tflnsfsf] k|f/lDes lbgsf] # lbgsf] % @k|f/lDes d:of}bf pk/ 5nkmn x'g] .d:of}bf pk/ 5nkmn eof] . a[xt 5nkmnsf nflu ah] ah] 306fdfggLo ;b:ox?n] cWoog u/L csf]{ a}7sdf3. @)^%.(.( != ;ldltsf] sfo{If]q leq kg]{ ljifodf sfo{ljj/0f /sfo{tflnsf lgdf{0f ug{ sfo{bn u7g ug]{ af/]5nkmn .@= Ifdtf clea[l4 tyf ;|f]t Joj:yfkg ;ldltaf6k|fKt kq pk/ 5nkmn ug]{ .#= ljz]if1sf] TOR agfpg] / ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L 5gf}6ug]{ af/] 5nkmn .4. @)^%.(.!# != ldlt @)^%.(.( ut] ul7t sfo{bnsf] k|ltj]bg k]zx'g] / ;f] dfly 5nkmn x'g] .5nkmn ug]{ .!= ;ldltsf] sfo{If]q leq kg]{ ljifodf sfo{ljj/0f /sfo{tflnsf lgdf{0f u/L k]z ug{, dfggLo;b:ox?sf] Ifdtf clea[l4sf ;DaGwdf cfjZoskg]{ sfo{qmdx?sf] ;"rL tof/ ug{, ljz]if1sf] TORagfpg tyf ;Gbe{ ;dfu|L 5gf}6 ug{] sfo{ ;DkGgug{ sfo{bn u7g ug]{ lg0f{o eof] .!= sfo{bnn] k]z u/]sf] ;ldltsf] sfo{If]q leq kg]{ljifosf] sfo{ljj/0f / sfo{tflnsf nfO{ kl/dfh{g;lxt kfl/t u/L ;+ljwfg;ef cWoIfHo" ;dIfk]z ug]{ lg0f{o eof] .@= Ifdtf clea[l4sf ;DaGwdf ;+rfng ug'{ kg]{sfo{qmdsf] ;"rL ;+ljwfg;ef, Ifdtf clea[l4 tyf;|f]t Joj:yfkg ;ldlt ;dIf k7fpg] .#= ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|Lsf] ;DaGwdf ;+nUg ;"rLdf pNn]vePsf ;fdfu|L oyfl;3| pknAw u/fpg;+ljwfg;ef, Ifdtf clea[l4 tyf ;|f]t Joj:yfkg67laxfg !!ah]laxfg !!ah]lbgsf]!=#) ah]lbgsf] @ah]@=#)306f#306f

;ldlt tyf Joj:yflksf ;+;b ;lrjfnosf]k':tsfnonfO{ n]lv k7fpg] .5. @)^%.(.@$ != hgtfsf] ;'emfj ;+sng ug{ ;~rf/ dfWod dfkm{t\ != ;ldltsf] sfo{If]q leq kg]{ ljifox?df ljleGg;fj{hlgs ;"rgf hf/L ug]{ ljifodf 5nkmn ug]{ . /fhgLlts bn, gfu/Ls ;dfh, k]zfut ;+3;+u7g, a'l4hLlj, /fhgLlt1, sfg"gljb, s'6gLlt1,cy{ljb, k|zf;gljb, ;+:s[ltljb, efiffljb,6. @)^%.(.@( != ;ldltsf] ;efklt kbsf] lgjf{rg ug]{ .hg;+Vofljb, ;dfhzfl:q nufot ;Dk"0f{ ;/sf/Ltyf u}/ ;/sf/L lgsfo, :jb]z tyf ljb]zdfa;f]af; ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnL lbbLalxgL tyfbfh'efO{x?df /fo, ;Nnfx tyf ;'emfjsf nflucfx\jfg ug]{ .@= s'g} JolQm, ;+3 ;+:yf jf lgsfox?n] ;ldltsf]sfo{If]qdf pNn]lvt ljifodf cWoog, cg';Gwfgtyf ljZn]if0f ug'{ ePsf] eP To;sf] k|ltj]bg jfk|sfzg ;d]t ;ldltdf k7fO ;xof]u x'g ;a}dfcg'/f]w ug]{ .!= ;ldltsf] ;efkltsf] lgjf{rg sfo{qmd cg';f/dfggLo >L nf]s]Gb« lji6 du/nfO{ ;efklt kbdflgjf{lrt ul/of];\ eGg] Ps dfq k|:tfjsf] ;"rgfk|fKt ePsf]n] ;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL @)^% sf]lgod &) sf] pk lgod -$_ adf]lhd df) >Lnf]s]Gb| lji6 du/nfO{ ;+ljwfg;ef, /fHosf]k'g;{+/rgf / /fHozlQmsf] afF8kmfF8 ;ldltsf];efklt kbdf lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt ug]{ 3f]if0ff u¥of].7. @)^%.!).^ != ;ldltsf] sfo{tflnsf / cGo ;ldltsf]sfo{tflnsfdf bf]xf]/f] k/]sf] eGg] ljifodf 5nkmn.!= ;ldltsf] sfo{tflnsf / cGo ;ldltsf]sfo{tflnsfdf sfo{If]q bf]xf]/f] k/]sf], cGt/;DalGwt /x]sf] / cGo ;ldltsf] sfo{If]q leqk/]sf] eGg] ;DaGwdf df) ;b:ox?n] 5nkmnsf]qmddf /fVg' ePsf] ljrf/ / wf/0ffsf] cfwf/df;ldltsf ;efkltHo"n] ;+ljwfg ;efsf ;DdfggLocWoIfHo"sf] cWoIftfdf x'g] df) ;efkltHo"x?sf]a}7sdf :ki6 ug]{ .68lbgsf]!@ ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg !)ah]lbgsf] @ah]laxfg !!ah]lbgsf] !ah]8. @)^%.!).!# != ;+3Lo PsfOsf] If]q lgwf{/0f ug]{ cfwf/sf != b]xfosf df= ;b:ox?n] cfˆgf] kf6L{sf] 3f]if0ffkqdf lbgsf] ! lbgsf] !=#)@306f#306f#306f

;DaGwdf bnsf] 3f]if0ffkqdf pNn]v ePsfcjwf/0ffx?sf] ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt bnsf dfggLo;b:oHo"x?n] cjwf/0ff k|:t't ug]{ .9. @)^%.!).!& != ;+3Lo PsfOx?sf] If]q lgwf{/0f ug]{ l;4fGt /cfwf/, k|To]s ;+3Lo PsfOsf] If]q lgwf{/0f /ltgsf] gfds/0fsf af/]df /fhg}lgs kf6L{sf]3f]if0ff kqdf pNn]v ePsf ljifox?df 5nkmnx'g] .pNn]v ePsf ;+3Lo PsfOx?sf] If]q lgwf{/0f ug]{cfwf/sf ;DaGwdf cf–cfˆgf] bnsf] 3f]if0ff kqdfpNn]v ePsf cjwf/0ff k|:t't ug'{ eof] .df= lxtdfg zfSo PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLdf= g/xl/ cfrfo{ g]kfnL sfu|];df= z+s/ kf]v/]n g]skf Pdfn]df= ;a{ b]j cf]emf dw]z hgclwsf/ kmf]/ddf= /fds'df/ zdf{ t/fO{ dw]z nf]stflGqs kf6L{@= a}7s csf]{ ;"rgf geP ;Dd :ylut ul/of] .!= ;+3Lo PsfOx?sf] If]q lgwf{/0f ug]{ l;4fGt /cfwf/, k|To]s ;+3Lo PsfOsf] If]q lgwf{/0f /ltgsf] gfds/0f, ;/sf/sf] tx, ;+Vof / :j?k;DaGwdf ljleGg kf6L{sf] 3f]if0ffkqdf pNn]v ePcg';f/ df= ;b:ox?n] cf–cfˆgf] wf/0ff /fVg'eof] .‣ df= k|ltef /f0ff /fli6«o k|hftGq kf6L{‣ df= lgnd s]=;L -v8\sf_ g]=s=kf= dfn]‣ df= j'4/Tg dfgGw/ g]kfM /fli6«o kf6L{‣ df= clgn s'df/ emf ;b\efjgf kf6L{‣ df=/fwfb]jL ltdN;]gf g]skf Plss[tcl3Nnf] a}7sdf k|b]z ljefhgsf cfwf/dfq k|:t'tug]{ /fhg}lts kf6L{sf] tkm{af6 cfhsf] sfo{;"rLcg';f/ yk u/LPsf ljifox?df b]xfosf df=;b:ox?n] wf/0ff /fVg' eof] .‣ df= ljZjeQm b'nfn, Plss[t g]skf dfcf]jfbL‣ df= z+s/ kf]v/]n, g]skf Pdfn]‣ df= uf]kfndfg >]i7, g]kfnL sfu|];‣ df= dx]Gb| k|;fb ofbj, t=d=nf]=kf‣ df= /fdhgd rf}w/L, dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/d‣ cGosf] xsdf ;lrjfnon] tof/ u/]sf] ljj/0f;ldltdf k]z ul/Psf] lyof] .‣ dfly pNn]v ul/Psf] ljifodf ljleGg df=;b:ox?n] 5nkmndf efu lnO{ cf–cfˆgf] wf/0ffah]laxfg !!ah]@=#)ah]lbgsf] !ah]306f@306f69

10. @)^%.!).!( != ;/sf/n] ljleGg ;+3–;+:yf / lgsfo jf ;d'x;Fuu/]sf ;Demf}tf, cflbjf;L hghftL ;DaGwLdxf;GwL !^( / ;+3Lo ;+/rgf ;DaGwdfn]vsx?åf/f k|:tfljt wf/0ff dfly 5nkmn x'g] .11. @)^%.!).@@ != ;+3Lo PsfOx?sf] If]q lgwf{/0f ug]{ l;4fGt /cfwf/x? tyf ;+3Lo PsfOsf] ;LdfÍgsf] cfwf/,ljlw÷k|lqmof / gfds/0f ;DaGwdf ljz]if1sf]¿kdf 8f= lktfDa/ zdf{n] cfˆgf] wf/0ff /fVg' x'g]/ ;f] ;DaGwdf 5nkmn, k/fdz{ / cGt/lqmof x'g].12. @)^%.!).@^ != ;+3Lo PsfOx?sf] If]q lgwf{/0f ug]{ l;4fGt /cfwf/x? tyf ;+3Lo PsfOsf] ;LdfÍgsf] cfwf/,ljlw÷k|lqmof / gfds/0f ;DaGwdf ljz]if1sf]¿kdf k|f=8f= cf]d k|;fb u'?Ën] cfˆgf] wf/0ff /b[li6sf]0f /fVg' x'g] / ;f] ;DaGwdf 5nkmn /cGt/lqmof x'g] .13. @)^%.!).@& != ;ldltsf] sfo{If]qsf ljifodf cfdhgtf;Fu hgdt;+sngsf nflu hfFbf hgtfsf] /fo ;'emfj tyf/fVg' ePsf] lyof] .@= ;ldltsf] csf]{ a}7s ldlt @)^%÷!)÷!( ut]lbgsf] @M)) jh] a:g] u/L :ylut eof] .!= g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yf, ;d"x, lgsfo,bn;Fu ul/Psf] ;Demf}tfx?, cflbjf;L hghftL;DaGwL cfO{=Pn=cf]= dxf;GwL !^( / ljleGgn]vsx?åf/f k|:tfljt ;+3Lo PsfOx?sf] If]qlgwf{/0f / ltgsf] gfds/0f ug]{ cfwf/sf;DaGwdf k|f/lDes ¿kdf ljifo k|j]z u¥of] .@= ;ldltsf] sfo{ If]q leq kg]{ ljifox?dfljz]if1x?;Fu 5nkmn, k/fdz{ Pj+ cGt/lqmof ug{]l;nl;nfdf ljz]if1sf] ¿kdf ldlt @)^%.!).@@ut]sf] ;ldltsf] a}7sdf 8f= lktfDa/ zdf{ /;ldltsf] cfufdL a}7sdf 8f= o'j/fh ;+u|f}nf /8f= cf]d k|;fb u'?ËnfO{ cfdGq0f ug]{ lg0fo{ u¥of].!= cfdlGqt u/LPsf ljz]if1 k|f=8f= lktfDa/ zdf{n];+3Lo PsfOx?sf] If]q lgwf{/0f ug]{ l;4fGt /cfwf/x? tyf ;+3Lo PsfOsf] ;LdfÍgsf] cfwf/,ljlw÷k|lqmof / gfds/0f ;DaGwdf cfˆgf] wf/0ff/ b[li6sf]0f k|:t't ug'{ eof] / pxfFn] k|:t't ug{'ePsf] wf/0ff / b[li6sf]0fsf ;DaGwdfdf=;b:ox?n] cfˆgf lh1f;f ;lxt 5nkmn /cGt/lqmof ug'{ eof] .!= cfdlGqt u/LPsf ljz]if1 k|f=8f= cf]d k|;fbu'/Ën] ;+3Lo PsfOx?sf] If]q lgwf{/0f ug]{ l;4fGt/ cfwf/x? tyf ;+3Lo PsfOsf] ;LdfÍgsf]cfwf/, ljlw÷k|lqmof / gfds/0f ;DaGwdf cfˆgf]wf/0ff / b[li6sf]0f k|:t't ug'{ eof] / pxfFn] k|:t'tug{' ePsf] wf/0ff / b[li6sf]0fsf ;DaGwdfdf=;b:ox?n] cfˆgf lh1f;f ;lxt 5nkmn /cGt/lqmof ug'{ eof] .!= ;ldltsf] sfo{If]qsf] ljifodf cfdhgtf;Fu /fo;'emfj ;+sng ug{sf nflu k|ZgfjnL tof/ ug{70lbp;f] @ah]laxfg !!ah]laxfg !!ah]laxfg !!ah]lbp;f] $ah]lbp;f] @ah]lbp;f] @ah]lbp;f] !ah]@306f#306f#306f@306f

;Nnfx ;+sng ug{sf] nflu tof/ ul/Psf]k|:tfljt k|ZgfjnLsf] ;DaGwdf 5nkmn x'g] .14. @)^%.!).@( != ljleGg txsf ;+3Lo PsfOsf ;/sf/ aLrljwflosL sfo{sfl/0fL / Goflos clwsf/sf]afF8kmFf8 ;DaGwdf g]kfn sfg"g cfof]usf ;lrjdf]xg aGhf8n] cfˆgf] wf/0ff / b[li6sf]0f /fVg' x'g]/ ;f] ;DaGwdf 5nkmn / cGt/lqmof x'g] .df= 8f= d+unl;l4 dfgGw/sf] ;+of]hsTjdf ;ft;b:oLo pk–;ldlt u7g ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .pk–;ldltdf /xg] df= ;b:ox?sf] gfdM—df= d+unl;l4 dfgGw/ – ;+of]hsdf= ljZjeQm b'nfn – ;b:odf= g/xl/ cfrfo{ – ;b:odf= ;j{b]j k|;fb cf]emf – ;b:odf= /fds'df/ zdf{ – ;b:odf= k|ltef /f0ff – ;b:odf= nSsL z]kf{ – ;b:o@= pQm pk–;ldltnfO{ cfˆgf] k|ltj]bg ldlt@)^%.!).@( ut]sf] a}7sdf k]z ug]{ u/Lsfof{jlw tf]Sg] lg0f{o ul/of] .#= ljz]if1x?nfO{ cfdGq0f u/L b]xfosf ljifox?df5nkmn ug]{ lg0f{o ul/of] .‣ ljleGg txsf ;+3Lo PsfOsf ;/sf/sf larljwflosL, sfo{sfl/0fL / Goflos clwsf/sf]afF8kmFf8 ;DaGwdf g]kfn sfg"g cfof]usf ;lrjdf]xg aGhf8]nfO{ cfdGq0f ug]{ .‣ ;+3Lo PsfOaLr Joj:yflksf, sfo{sfl/0fL /Goflos clwsf/sf] cGt/ ;DaGw lgwf{/0f;DaGwdf k|zf;sLo cbfntsf cWoIf Pj+sfg"gljb sfzL/fh bfxfnnfO{ cfdGq0f ug]{ .‣ ;+3Lotfsf] r'gf}tL ;DaGwdf clwjQmf ledfh{'gcfrfo{nfO{ cfdGq0f ug]{ .!= cfdlGqt u/LPsf g]kfn sfg"g cfof]usf ;lrj>L df]xg aGhf8]n] ljleGg txsf ;+3Lo PsfOsf;/sf/ aLr ljwflosL sfo{sfl/0fL / Goflosclwsf/sf] afF8kmFf8 ;DaGwdf cfˆgf] wf/0ff /b[li6sf]0f k|:t't ug'{ eof] / pxfFn] k|:t't ug{'ePsf] wf/0ff / b[li6sf]0fsf ;DaGwdfdf=;b:ox?n] cfˆgf lh1f;f ;lxt 5nkmn /cGt/lqmof ug'{ eof] .@= hgtfsf] /fo ;'emfj ;+sng ug{sf nflu71laxfg !!ah]lbp;f]!=#) ah]@=#)306f

15. @)^%.!!.@ != ;+3Lo PsfOaLr Joj:yflksf, sfo{sfl/0fL /Goflos clwsf/sf] cGt/ ;DaGw lgwf{/0f;DaGwdf k|zf;lso cbfntsf cWoIf >Lsflz/fh bfxfnn] cfˆgf] wf/0ff / b[li6sf]0f /fVg'x'g] / ;f] ;DaGwdf 5nkmn / cGt/lqmof x'g] .@= ;+3Lotfsf] r'gf}tL ;DaGwdf clwjQmf >Lledfh'{g cfrfo{n] cfˆgf] wf/0ff / b[li6sf]0f /fVg'x'g] / ;f] ;DaGwdf 5nkmn / cGt/lqmof x'g] .#= hgtfsf] /fo ;'emfj ;+sng ug{sf nfluk|ZgfjnL tof/ u/L ;ldltdf k]z ug{ ul7t pk–;ldltsf ;+of]hs df= >L d+unl;l4 dfgGw/n]ldlt @)^%.!).@( df k]z ug'{ ePsf] pk–;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg dfly 5nkmn hf/L /xg] .16. @)^%.!!.!% != ;ldltsf] sfo{If]q leqsf] ljljw ljifodf 5nkmnx'g] .17. @)^%.!@.@) != hgdt ;+sngsf] ;DaGwdf df) ;b:ox?n] cf–cfˆgf] cg'ej / wf/0ff /fVg' x'g] .18. @)^%.!@.@% != ;ldltsf] cjwf/0ff kq tof/ ug]{ ;DaGwdf5nkmn x'g] .k|ZgfjnL tof/ u/L ;ldltdf k]z ug{ ul7t pk–;ldltsf ;+of]hs df= >L d+unl;l4 dfgGw/n]pk–;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg k]z ug'{ eof] . pQmk|ltj]bg dfly 5nkmn k|f/De eof] .!= ljif]z1sf] ¿kdf cfdlGqt u/LPsf k|zf;lsocbfnsf cWoIf >L sfzL/fh bfxfnn] ;+3LoPsfOaLr Joj:yflksf, sfo{sfl/0fL / Goflosclwsf/sf] cGt/ ;DaGw lgwf{/0f ;DaGwdf /clwjQmf >L ledfh{'g cfrfo{n] ;+3Lotfsf] r'gf}tL;DaGwdf cf–cfˆgf] wf/0ff / b[li6sf]0f k|:t't ug'{eof] / pxfFx?n] k|:t't ug{' ePsf] wf/0ff /b[li6sf]0fsf ;DaGwdf df=;b:ox?n] cfˆgflh1f;f ;lxt 5nkmn / cGt/lqmof ug'{ eof] .@= hgtfsf] /fo ;'emfj ;+sng ug{sf nfluk|ZgfjnL tof/ ug{ ul7t pk–;ldltn] k]z u/]sf]k|ZgfjnLsf ;Gbe{df df= ;b:ox?n] /fVg' ePsf]wf/0ffnfO{ ;d]t ;dfj]z u/L pQm k|ZgfjnLnfO{kfl/dflh{t ¿kdf kfl/t u¥of] . k|ZgfjnL cs}{k[i7df /flvPsf] 5 .!= ;ldltsf] sfo{If]q leqsf ljleGg ljifodf df);b:ox?n] cf–cfˆgf] wf/0ff /fVg' eof] / a}7scsf]{ ;"rgf geP ;Ddsf nflu :ylut eof] .!= ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f k|lqmofdf hgdt ;+sng 6f]nLdfvl6g' ePsf df) ;b:ox?n] cf–cfˆgf] cg'ej;ldlt ;dIf /fVg' eof] / csf]{ ;"rgf geP;Ddsf nflu a}7s :ylut eof] .!= ;ldltsf] sfo{If]q cg'?k cjwf/0ffkq tof/ ug]{;DaGwdf df) ;b:ox?n] cf–cfˆgf] wf/0ff /fVg'eof] .@= ;dltsf] sfo{If]qsf] ljifodf cjwf/0ffkq tof/ug]{ sfo{sf] nflu ;+ljwfg;efdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{;a} /fhg}lts bnx?af6 bnLo cjwf/0ffkqlnlvt ¿kdf dfu ug]{ .laxfg !!ah]laxfg !!ah]lbgsf] #ah]laxfg !!ah]lbp;f] #ah]lbp;f] !ah]lbgsf] %ah]lbgsf]!=#) ah]$306f@306f@306f@306f72

19. @)^%.!@.@* != ;ldltdf k|fKt k|ltj]bg / k|ZgfjnLsf] cWoog Pj+ljZn]if0f ug]{ k|lqmofsf af/]df 5nkmn x'g] .20. @)^%.!@.@( != ;ldltdf k|fKt k|ltj]bg / k|ZgfjnLsf] cWoog Pj+ljZn]if0f ug]{ k|lqmof / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] sfo{df;ldltsf] sfo{If]q cg'?k cjwf/0ffkq tof/ ug]{;DaGwdf 5nkmn hf/L /xg] .21. @)^%.!@.#) != ;ldltdf k|fKt k|ZgfjnLsf] cWoog ljZn]if0fsf]k|lqmofsf ;DaGwdf 5nkmn u/Lg] .!= ;ldltdf k|fKt k|ltj]bg / k|ZgfjnL cWoog Pj+ljZn]if0f ug]{ k|lqmof / ;+ljwfg lgdf{sf] sfo{df;ldltsf] sfo{If]q cg'?k cjwf/0ffkq tof/ ug]{;DaGwdf cf–cfˆgf] wf/0ff /fVg' eof] .!= ;ldltsf] sfo{If]q cg';f/ cjwf/0ffkq tof/ u/LTo; cg'?k ;+ljwfgsf] k|f/lDes d:of}bf ;d]ttof/ ug{sf nflu !^ ;b:oLo cjwf/0ffkqd:of}bf pk;ldlt u7g u¥of] .df) ;b:x?sf] gfdfjnL!= df=>L ljZjeQm b'nfn cfx'lt -dfcf]jfbL_@= df=>L lxtdfg zfSo -dfcf]jfbL_#= df=>L cf]g;/L 3lt{du/ -dfcf]jfbL_$= df=>L g/xl/ cfrfo{ -g]kfnL sf+u|];_%= df=>L cf/h' /f0ff b]pjf -g]kfnL sf+u|];_^= df= >L z+s/ kf]v|]n -Pdfn]_&= df=>L d+unl;l4 dfgGw/ -Pdfn]_*= df=>L ;j{b]jk|;fb cf]emf -d=h=c=kmf]=_(= df=>L /fds'df/ zdf{ -t=d=nf]=kf=_!)= df=>L clgns'df/ emf -;b\efjgf_!!= df=>L lgnd s]=;L= v8\sf -dfn]_!@= df=>L k|ltef /f0ff -/f=k|=kf=_!#= df=>L gf/fo0fdfg ljh'S5]+ -g]=d=ls=kf=_!$= df=>L ;Gtjxfb'/ g]kfnL -/f=hgdf]rf{_!%= df=>L rGb|b]j hf]zL -g]=s=kf=;+o'Qm_!^= df=>L a'4/Tg dfgGw/ -g]kfM /fli6«o kf6L{_@= ;ldltdf k|fKt k|ZgfjnLsf ;DaGwdf 8f6fk|ljli6, ;+lxtf, ;Dkfbg, tflnsLs/0f / ljZn]if0fug]{ sfo{sf ;DaGwdf s]lGb«o tYofÍ ljefusfkbflwsf/Laf6 hfgsf/L lng] .73laxfg !!ah]lbgsf] !ah]!= ljleGg 6f]nLaf6 k|fKt ePsf k|ZgfjnLx?sf]cWoog Pj+ ljZn]if0fsf] k|lqmofsf af/]df s]Gb«Lo lbp;f]!@ ah]lbp;f] !ah]lbp;f]#=#) ah]lbp;f] @ah]@306f@=#)306f@306f

22. @)^%.!@.#! != ;+slnt k|ZgfjnLx?sf] cWoog Pj+ ljZn]if0fsf]k|lqmofsf af/]df s]Gb«Lo tYofÍ ljefun] lbOPsf]k|ltj]bg / cGo j}slNks pkfosf af/]df 5nkmnx'g] .23. @)^^.!.^ != pk ;ldltsf] ;+of]hsHo"n] cjwf/0ffkqsf]k|f/lDes d:of}bfsf] xfn ;Dd ePsf] sfo{k|ultsf af/]df hfgsf/L lbg' x'g] .@= s]Gb«Lo tYofÍ ljefu / sn]h ckm d]g]hd]G6af6k|fKt ljj/0fsf] hfgsf/L lbOg] .#= ;+ljwfg ;efsf ;efkltx?sf] ;+o'tm a}7sdf;DdfggLo cWoIfHo"sf] lgb]{zgsf af/]dfhfgfsf/L lbOg] .24. @)^^.!.( != sfo{bnn] tof/ u/]sf] k|f/lDes cjwf/0ff kqdfly 5nkmn x'g] .25. @)^^.!.!) != pk ;ldltn] k]z u/]sf] cjwf/0ffkqsf] a'Fbfx?dfly a'bfFut ¿kdf 5nkmn x'g] .tYofÍ ljefun] lbOPsf] k|ltj]bg gcfpGh]n;Ddsf nflu cGo j}slNks pkfox?sf af/]dfcfufdL a}7sdf 5nkmn ug]{ lg0f{o u¥of] .!= ;+slnt k|ZgfjnLx?sf] cWoog Pj+ ljZn]if0fsf]k|lqmofsf af/]df s]Gb«Lo tYofÍ ljefusfkbflwsf/Lx?af6 sDKo'6/df tYofÍ k|lji6L,;f+Í]lts/0f, ;Dkfbg / ljZn]if0f sfo{sf] nflunfUg] ;do, hgzlQm, /sdsf af/]df ;d]thfgsf/L lnof] .!= pk ;ldltsf] ;+of]hsHo"n] cjwf/0ffkqsf]k|f/lDes d:of}bfsf] xfn ;Dd ePsf] sfo{k|ultsf af/]df hfgsf/L lbOof] .@= s]Gb«Lo tYofÍ ljefu / sn]h ckm d]g]hd]G6af6k|fKt ljj/0fsf] hfgsf/L u/fOof] .#= ;+ljwfg ;efsf ;efkltx?sf] ;+o'tm a}7sdf;DdfggLo cWoIfHo"sf] lgb]{zgsf af/]df ;ldltdfhfgsf/L u/fOof] . ;ldltsf ;b:ox?nfO{hgtfaf6 k|fKt k|ZgfjnL cWoog, ljZn]if0f u/LTo;sf] k|s[lt / k|lqmofsf ;DaGwdfcjwf/0fkqdf ;dfj]z u/fpg' kg]{ ljifox?sf] /fo;'emfj ;ldltsf a}7sdf k]z ug]{ lhDdf lbOof] .k|To]s df) ;b:ox?nfO{ ;ldltdf k|fKtk|ZgfjnLx? ;d]t ljt/0f ul/of] .!= sfo{bnn] pk ;ldltdf cjwf/0ffkqsf] a'Fbfx? k]zeO{ ;ldltdf k|:t't x'Fbf ljljw ¿kdf k|fKtePsfn] PsLs[t ¿kdf sfo{bnnfO{ a}7sdf k]zug]{ lhDd]jf/L lbof] .cfh k]z ePsf a'Fbfx? dfly cWoog u/L 5nkmnug{sf nflu df) ;b:ox?n] ;dofjlw dfu ug{'ePsf]n] ;ldltsf] csf]{ a}7sdf 5nkmn ug]{lg0f{o ;d]t u¥of] .!= pk ;ldltn] k]z u/]sf] cjwf/0ffkq k|ltj]bgdfpNn]v ePsf a'Fbfx?sf af/]df sfo{bnsf;+of]hsx?af6 lj:t[t ¿kdf a}7sdf k|:t't ug'{laxfg !)ah]laxfg !!ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg *ah]lbp;f]!@=#)ah]lbp;f] !ah]laxfg !!ah]laxfg !!ah]@=#)ah]@306f#306f#306f74

26. @)^^.!.!! != ;ldltsf] a}7sdf k]z ePsf] cjwf/0ffkqsf]k|f/lDes d:of}bf -j'bfFx?_ dfly 5nkmn x'g] .27. @)^^.!.!# != df) ;b:ox?n] /fVg' ePsf] ;'emfjnfO{ ;dfj]zu/L kl/dfh{g ;lxt sfo{bnn] cjwf/0ffkq k]zug]{ / ;f] dfly 5nkmn x'g] .28. @)^^.!.!$ != sfo{bnn] k|:t't u/]sf] cjwf/0ffkqsf] afFsL /x]sfkl/R5]bdf 5nkmn x'g] .29. @)^^.!.!% != kl/R5]b # sf] :yfgLo txsf] ;+/rgfdf;+ljwfgåf/f lgwf{l/t clwsf/sf] Joj:yf leqk|fb]lzs sfg'gåf/f pko'St ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0f,cltl/St ;+/rgf jf ljz]if Joj:yf / k'/sb[li6sf]0fsf af/]df ljleGg b[li6sf]0f ;ldlt ;dIfk|:t't ePsfn] ;xdltsf nflu k|:t't u/Lg] .@= sfo{bnn] k|:t't u/]sf] kl/R5]b $ / % sf]cjwf/0ffkqsf] j'bfFx? dfly 5nkmn x'g] .30. @)^^.!.!^ != sfo{bnn] k|:t't u/]sf] cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b %,^ / & sf] j'bfFx? dfly 5nkmn x'g] .eof] . sfo{bnn] k|:t't u/]sf j'bfFx? dfly cfufdLa}7sdf 5nkmn x'g] hfgsf/L u/fOof] .!= sfo{bnn] k|:t't u/]sf] cjwf/0ffkq dfly df);b:ox?n] cf–cfˆgf] ljrf/ tyf wf/0ff k|:t'tug'{eof] . df) ;b:ox?n] JoQm ug'{ ePsf] ljrf/tyf wf/0ffnfO{ ;dfj]z u/L kl/dfh{g ;lxtsfo{bnn] cfufdL a}7sdf cjwf/0ffkq k]z ug]{ .!= sfo{bnn] k|:t't u/]sf] cjwf/0ffkqsf] -a'Fbfx?_kl/R5]b ! / @ dfly df) ;b:ox?n] cf–cfˆgf]ljrf/ tyf wf/0ff k|:t't ug'{eof] . df);b:ox?n] JoQm ug'{ ePsf] ljrf/ tyf wf/0ffnfO{;dfj]z u/L kl/dfh{g ;lxt sfo{bnn] cfufdLa}7sdf cjwf/0ffkqsf] a'Fbfx?nfO{ lj:t[tLs/0fsf;fy cjwf/0ffkq tof/ u/L ;ldltdf k]z ug]{lg0f{o u¥of] .!= sfo{bnn] k|:t't u/]sf] cjwf/0ffkqsf] -a'Fbfx?_kl/R5]b # dfly df) ;b:ox?n] cf–cfˆgf] ljrf/tyf wf/0ff k|:t't ug'{eof] . df) ;b:ox?n] JoQmug'{ ePsf] ljrf/ tyf wf/0ffnfO{ ;dfj]z u/Lkl/dfh{g ;lxt sfo{bnn] cfufdL a}7sdfcjwf/0ffkqsf] a'Fbfx?nfO{ lj:t[tLs/0fsf ;fycjwf/0ffkq tof/ u/L ;ldltdf k]z ug]{ lg0f{ou¥of] .!= sfo{bnn] k|:t't u/]sf] cjwf/0ffkqsf] -a'Fbfx?_kl/R5]b $ dfly df) ;b:ox?n] cf–cfˆgf]ljrf/ tyf wf/0ff k|:t't ug'{eof] . df);b:ox?n] JoQm ug'{ ePsf] ljrf/ tyf wf/0ffnfO{;dfj]z u/L kl/dfh{g ;lxt sfo{bnn] cfufdLa}7sdf cjwf/0ffkqsf] a'Fbfx?nfO{ lj:t[tLs/0fsf;fy cjwf/0ffkq tof/ u/L ;ldltdf k]z ug]{lg0f{o u¥of] .!= sfo{bnn] k|:t't u/]sf] cjwf/0ffkqsf] -a'Fbfx?_kl/R5]b %, ^ / & df df) ;b:ox?n] cf–cfˆgf]ljrf/ tyf wf/0ff k|:t't ug'{eof] . df)laxfg *ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg !!ah]laxfg!@=!%ah]laxfg!!=#)ah]laxfg!!=#)ah]laxfg !!ah]#306f$=!%306f#=#)306f#=#)306f#306f75

31. @)^^.!.!& != sfo{bnn] k|:t't u/]sf] cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b */ ( sf] a'bfFx? dfly 5nkmn x'g] .32. @)^^.!.!* != df) ;b:ox?n] k|ZgfjnLsf] cWoog Pj+ljZn]if0fsf] k|ltj]bg ;ldltdf k]z ug'{ x'g] / ;f]dfly 5nkmn x'g] .@= ;ldltdf k|fKt ;'emfjx? dfly 5nkmn x'g] .;b:ox?n] JoQm ug'{ ePsf] ljrf/ tyf wf/0ffnfO{;dfj]z u/L kl/dfh{g ;lxt sfo{bnn] cfufdLa}7sdf cjwf/0ffkqsf] a'Fbfx?nfO{ lj:t[tLs/0fsf;fy tof/ u/L ;ldltdf k]z ug]{ lg0f{o u¥of] .!= sfo{bnn] k|:t't u/]sf] cjwf/0ffkqsf] -a'Fbfx?_kl/R5]b * / ( df df) ;b:ox?n] cf–cfˆgf]ljrf/ tyf wf/0ff k|:t't ug'{eof] . df);b:ox?n] JoQm ug'{ ePsf] ljrf/ tyf wf/0ffnfO{;dfj]z u/L kl/dfh{g ;lxt sfo{bnn] cfufdLa}7sdf cjwf/0ffkqsf] a'Fbfx?nfO{ lj:t[tLs/0fsf;fy tof/ u/L ;ldltdf k]z ug]{ lg0f{o u¥of] .!= ldlt @)^^.!.!* ut] ul7t sfo{bnaf6 ljleGgkl/R5]bsf] cjwf/0ffkqdf /fVg' kg]{ a'Fbfx? k]zeO{ cjwf/0ffkqsf] a'Fbfx? dfly df) ;b:ox?n]cf–cfˆgf] wf/0ff /fVg'sf ;fy} sfo{bnsf;+of]hsaf6 df) ;b:ox?n] p7fpg' ePsfljifodf :ki6 kfg'{ eof] .;a} sfo{bnsf ;+of]hsx?nfO{ df) ;b:ox?n];ldltdf cleJoQm ug'{ ePsf wf/0ffx?nfO{;dfj]z u/L lj:t[tLs/0fsf ;fy cjwf/0ffkqsf]d:of}bf ;ldltdf k]z ug]{ lhDdf lbOPsf] lyof] .cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bf ;ldltdf k]z ug'{ k"j{ pQmd:of}bfsf] cWoog ljZn]if0f ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{ljifox?sf] 5gf}6, jlu{s/0f, yk36, sfF65fF6kl/dfh{g, ;Dkfbg, km/s b[li6sf]0f, j}slNksk|:tfj ;d]tsf] cWoog u/L kl/dflh{tcjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bf ;ldltdf k|:t't ug{sfnflu & ;b:oLo Ps sfo{bn u7g u¥of] .!= df) >L clgns'df/ emf@= df) >L g/xl/ cfrfo{#= df) >L k|ltef /f0ff$= df) 8f= d+unl;l4 dfgGw/%= df) >L ljZjeQm b'nfn^= df) >L z+s/ kf]v|]nlaxfg *ah]laxfg!! ah]laxfg !!ah]lbp;f]@=#)ah]#306f#=#)306f76

&= df) >L lxtdfg zfSopQm sfo{bnn] ;+ljwfg;efn] kfl/t u/]sf]sfo{tflnsfnfO{ cfwf/ lnO{ To;n] lgwf{l/t u/]sf];do;Ldf leq /xL cfˆgf] lhDd]jf/L k'/f ug{]sfof{jlw ;d]t tf]Sof] .33. @)^^.!.@@ != cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bf k]z eO{ 5nkmn x'g] . != cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bf ljt/0f ePkl5 df=;b:;ox?af6 cWoogsf nflu ;do dfu ePsfn]cfufdL a}7sdf lj:t[t 5nkmn ug]{ u/L a}7s:ylut eof] .34. @)^^.!.@% != cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bfdf 5nkmn x'g] . != cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b ! / @ sf] d:of}bf dflydf) ;b:ox?n] cleJoQm ug{' ePsf] wf/0ffx?nfO{;d]t ;dfj]z u/L kl/dfh{g ;lxt ;xdlt hgfof]35. @)^^.!.#) != cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bfsf] kl/R5]b # / $ df5nkmn x'g] .@= k|fljlws ;ldlt u7g af/] 5nkmn x'g] .36. @)^^.!.#! != cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bfsf] kl/R5]b $ / % df5nkmn x'g] .37. @)^^.@.! != cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bfsf] kl/R5]b %, ^ / & df5nkmn x'g] .38. @)^^.@.@ != cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bfsf] kl/R5]b &, * / ( df5nkmn x'g] .39. @)^^.@.% != cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bfsf] kl/R5]b & ,* / ( df5nkmn x'g] .40. @)^^.@.& != cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bfdf ;'emfj ;lxt 5nkmnx'g] ..!= cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b # sf] d:of}bf dfly df);b:ox?n] cleJoQm ug{' ePsf] wf/0ffx?nfO{;d]t ;dfj]z u/L kl/dfh{g ug]{ u/L ;xdlthgfof] .!= cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b $ sf] d:of}bf dfly df);b:ox?n] cleJoQm ug{' ePsf] wf/0ffx?nfO{;d]t ;dfj]z u/L kl/dfh{g ug]{ u/L ;xdlthgfof] .!= cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b % / ^ sf] d:of}bf dflydf) ;b:ox?n] cleJoQm ug{' ePsf] wf/0ffx?nfO{;d]t ;dfj]z u/L kl/dfh{g ug]{ u/L ;xdlthgfof] .!= cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b % / ^ sf] d:of}bf dflydf) ;b:ox?n] cleJoQm ug{' ePsf] wf/0ffx?nfO{;d]t ;dfj]z u/L kl/dfh{g ug]{ u/L ;xdlthgfof] .!= cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bfdf df) ;b:ox?n] cWoogu/L lnlvt ;'emfjsf nflu Ps lbgsf] ;dofjlwlbg] lg0f{o eof] .!= kl/dflh{t cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bfsf] kl/R5]b ! /@ df df) ;b:ox?n] /fVg' ePsf] lnlvt77laxfg *ah]laxfg !!ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg !!ah]laxfg !!ah]laxfg !!ah]laxfg !!ah]laxfg !!ah]lbp;f]!=#) ah]laxfg!)=$%lbp;f] @ah]lbp;f] @ah]lbp;f]@=#)ah]lbp;f] !ah]laxfg !! lbp;f] @=!%#306f@=#)306f@=!%306f#306f@306f@=#)306f@306f

41. @)^^.@.* != kl/dflh{t cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bfdf ;'emfj ;lxt5nkmn x'g] .42. @)^^.@.!( != kl/dflh{t cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bfdf df ;b:ox?n]k]z ug'{ ePsf lnlvt ;'emfjx? ;lxt 5nkmnx'g] .43. @)^^.@.@) != kl/dflh{t cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b @ / # / ;f]dfly df) ;b:ox?n] k]z ug'{ ePsf] lnlvt;'emfj ;lxt 5nkmn x'g] .44. @)^^.@.@! != kl/dflh{t cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b @ / # / ;f]dfly df) ;b:ox?n] k]z ug'{ ePsf] lnlvt;'emfj ;lxt 5nkmn x'g] .45. @)^^.@.@@ != kl/dflh{t cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b @ / # / ;f]dfly df) ;b:ox?n] k]z ug'{ ePsf] lnlvt;'emfj ;lxt 5nkmn x'g] .46. @)^^.@.@# != kl/dflh{t cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b @ / # df df);b:ox?n] k]z ug'{ ePsf] lnlvt ;'emfj ;lxt5nkmn x'g] .;'emfjx? dfly 5nkmn k|f/De eof] . df);b:ox?n] /fVg' ePsf s]xL ;'emfjx?nfO{d:of}bfdf ;dfj]z ug]{ ;xdlt hgfof] .!= kl/dflh{t cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bf dfly df=;b:ox?n] lj:t[t?kdf cWoog ul/ lnlvt?kdf;'emfj k]z ug{sf nflu ;do cfjZos /x]sf]ljrf/ JoSt ug'{ eP cg';f/ ldlt @)^^.@.!% ut]leq ;lrjfnodf lnlvt ;'emfj k]z ug]{;dofjlw lbOof] .!= cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bfsf] kl/R5]b ! df df) l;tfs'df/L kf}8]nn] lbg' ePsf] ;'emfj cfufdL a}7sdf5nkmn ug]{ / df) >L gljGb|/fh hf]zL / df);'o{dfg u'?Ën] a'Fbf g+= @ df lbg'ePsf] ;'emfjsfljifodf pxfFx?n] k|i6 u/]/ NofP kl5 5nkmn x'g]ul/ klxnf] kl/R5]bdf s]xL ;'emfjx? ;dfj]z ul/cjwf/0ffkqnfO{ clGtd ?k lbg] / kl/R5]b @ dfdf) ;b:ox?n] k]z ug'{ ePsf ;'emfjx? dfly5nkmn k|f/De eof] .!= cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bfsf] kl/R5]b @ df df);b:ox?n] /fVg' ePsf ;'emfjx? dfly 5nkmnhf/L /x\of] .!= cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bfsf] kl/R5]b @ df df);b:ox?n] /fVg' ePsf ;'emfjx? dfly 5nkmnhf/L /x\of] .!= cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bfsf] kl/R5]b @ df df);b:ox?n] /fVg' ePsf ;'emfjx? dfly 5nkmnhf/L /x\of] .!= cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bfsf] kl/R5]b @ df df);b:ox?n] /fVg' ePsf ;'emfjx? dfly 5nkmn e}kl/dfh{g ;lxt s]xL ;'emfjx? ;dfj]z ug]{ lg0f{oeof] / kl/R5]b # df df) ;b:ox?n] /fVg' ePsf;'emfjx? dfly 5nkmn hf/L /x\of] .78ah]laxfg !!ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg&=#) ah]laxfg&=#) ah]laxfg *ah]@.!% ah] 306flbp;f] @ah]laxfg !!ah]lbgsf]!@ ah]lbgsf]!@=!%ah]laxfg(=#)ah]laxfg !!ah]47. @)^^.@.@$ != kl/dflh{t cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b # / $ df df) != cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bfsf] kl/R5]b # df df) laxfg * laxfg #=#)#306f#306f$306f%306f@306f#306f

;b:ox?n] k]z ug'{ ePsf] lnlvt ;'emfj ;lxt5nkmn x'g] .48. @)^^.@.@% != kl/dflh{t cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b # / $ df df);b:ox?n] k]z ug'{ ePsf] lnlvt ;'emfj ;lxt5nkmn x'g] .49. @)^^.@.@^ != kl/dflh{t cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b # / $ df df);b:ox?n] k]z ug'{ ePsf] lnlvt ;'emfj ;lxt5nkmn x'g] .50. @)^^.@.@& != kl/dflh{t cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b $ df df);b:ox?n] k]z ug'{ ePsf] lnlvt ;'emfj ;lxt5nkmn x'g] .51. @)^^.@.@* != kl/dflh{t cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b $ df df);b:ox?n] k]z ug'{ ePsf] lnlvt ;'emfj ;lxt5nkmn x'g] .52. @)^^.@.@( != kl/dflh{t cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b $ df df);b:ox?n] k]z ug'{ ePsf] lnlvt ;'emfj ;lxt5nkmn x'g] .53. @)^^.@.#! != kl/dflh{t cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b $ df df);b:ox?n] k]z ug'{ ePsf] lnlvt ;'emfj ;lxt5nkmn x'g] .;b:ox?n] /fVg' ePsf ;'emfjx? dfly 5nkmnhf/L /x\of] .!= cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bfsf] kl/R5]b # df df);b:ox?n] /fVg' ePsf ;'emfjx? dfly 5nkmnhf/L /x\of] .!= cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bfsf] kl/R5]b # df df);b:ox?n] /fVg' ePsf ;'emfjx? dfly 5nkmn e}kl/dfh{g ;lxt s]xL ;'emfjx? ;dfj]z ug]{ lg0f{oeof] .!= cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bfsf] kl/R5]b $ df df);b:ox?n] /fVg' ePsf ;'emfjx? dfly 5nkmnhf/L /x\of] .!= cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bfsf] kl/R5]b $ df df);b:ox?n] /fVg' ePsf ;'emfjx? dfly 5nkmnhf/L /x\of] .!= g]kfnsf] k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngsL Ps of]4f, k'j{pkk|wfgdGqL, tTsflng k|lglglw;ef ;b:o tyfg]kfnL sf+u|];sL g]t[ ;'>L z}nhf cfrf{osf] ldlt@)^^÷@÷@( ut] c;fdlos lgwg ePsfn]pxfFsf] lgwg k|lt ;dj]bgf JoSt ub}{ Ps ldg]6df}g wf/0ff u¥of] / cfhsf] ;ldltsf] a}7ssf];Dk"0f{ sfd sf/afO{ :ylut ug]{ lg0f{o ;d]t u¥of].!= cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bfdf df) ;b:ox?n] k]z ug{'ePsf lnlvt ;'emfjx? dWo] cjwf/0ffkqdf k]zu/]s} ?kdf ;dfj]z ug{ ;lsg], kl/dflh{t ?kdf;dfj]z ug{ ;lsg] / ;dfj]z ug{ gldNg];'emfjx?sf] ;"rL tof/ u/L ;ldlt ;dIf k]zug{sf nflu b]xfosf df) ;b:ox? /xg] pk;ldlt u7g ug]{ lg0f{o u¥of] .8f= d+unl;l4 dfgGw/df) k|ltef /f0ffdf) g/xl/ cfrfo{ah] !!=#)ah]laxfglaxfg *!!=#)ah]ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg!!=#)ah]lbgsf]!@=!%ah]laxfg!!=$%ah]laxfg (ah]laxfg!!=$%ah]306f#=#)306f#=#)306f$=!%306f#=$%306f!306f#=$%306f79

54. @)^^.#.# != kl/dflh{t cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b $ df df);b:ox?n] k]z ug'{ ePsf] lnlvt ;'emfj ;lxt5nkmn x'g] .55. @)^^.#.$ != kl/dflh{t cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b % / & df df);b:ox?n] k]z ug'{ ePsf] lnlvt ;'emfj ;lxt5nkmn x'g] .56. @)^^.#.% != kl/dflh{t cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b * / ( df df);b:ox?n] k]z ug'{ ePsf] lnlvt ;'emfj ;lxt5nkmn x'g] .57. @)^^.#.* != kl/dflh{t cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b ( / ^ df df);b:ox?n] k]z ug'{ ePsf] lnlvt ;'emfj ;lxt5nkmn x'g] .58. @)^^.#.( != kl/dflh{t cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b ( df df);b:ox?n] k]z ug'{ ePsf] lnlvt ;'emfj ;lxt5nkmn x'g] .59. @)^^.#.!) != kl/dflh{t cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b ( df df);b:ox?n] k]z ug'{ ePsf] lnlvt ;'emfj ;lxt5nkmn x'g] .60. @)^^.#.!! != kl/dflh{t cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b ( df df);b:ox?n] k]z ug'{ ePsf] lnlvt ;'emfj ;lxt5nkmn x'g] .df) lxtdfg zfSodf) ;j{b]j cf]emf@= cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bfsf] kl/R5]b $ df df);b:ox?n] /fVg' ePsf ;'emfjx? dfly 5nkmnhf/L /x\of] .!= cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bfsf] kl/R5]b $ df df);b:ox?n] /fVg' ePsf ;'emfjx? dfly 5nkmn e}kl/dfh{g ;lxt s]xL ;'emfjx? ;dfj]z ug]{ lg0f{oeof] .!= cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bfsf] kl/R5]b % / & df df);b:ox?n] /fVg' ePsf ;'emfjx? dfly 5nkmn e}kl/dfh{g ;lxt s]xL ;'emfjx? ;dfj]z ug]{ lg0f{oeof] .!= cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bfsf] kl/R5]b * df df);b:ox?n] /fVg' ePsf ;'emfjx? dfly 5nkmn e}kl/dfh{g ;lxt s]xL ;'emfjx? ;dfj]z ug]{ lg0f{oeof] .!= Ifdtf clej[lb| ;ldltaf6 k|fKt kqsf] ljifodfdf) ;b:ox?nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fO{of] .!= cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bfsf] kl/R5]b ( df df);b:ox?n] /fVg' ePsf ;'emfjx? dfly 5nkmnhf/L /x\of] .!= cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bfsf] kl/R5]b ( df df);b:ox?n] /fVg' ePsf ;'emfjx? dfly 5nkmnhf/L /x\of] .!= cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bfsf] kl/R5]b ( df df);b:ox?n] /fVg' ePsf ;'emfjx?sf] ;DaGwdf5nkmn eof] . pQm kl/R5]bsf Joj:yfx?cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b $ sf] ;+3Lo PsfO -k|b]z_sf] ;+Vof / l;dfgf;Fu ;DjlGwt ePsf]n] ;f]sf]5nkmn kZrft kl/R5]b ( df k"gM 5nkmn ug]{lg0f{o eof] .laxfg *ah]laxfg*ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg !!ah]laxfg !!ah]laxfg !!ah]laxfg (ah]laxfg !!ah]laxfg !!ah]laxfg!!=$%ah]#306f#306f#306f!306f#306f#306f#=$%306f80

61. @)^^.#.!$ != kl/dflh{t cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b $ sf] ;+3LoPsfO -k|b]z_ sf] ;+Vof / l;dfgf ;DaGwdf5nkmn x'g] .62. @)^^.#.!^ != k|b]zsf] ;+Vof / l;df lgwf{/0f ug]{ ;DaGwdfcjwf/0ffkqdf :jLsf/ ul/Psf l;4fGtx?sf]cfwf/df g]kfn leq /x]sf hfthflt, efiffeflifPj+ ;+f:s[lts ;3gtfsf] If]q Pj+ ef}uf]lnsP]ltxfl;s lg/Gt/tf ;d]t b]lvg] u/L gS;f ;lxts]lGb|o tYofÍ ljefusf dxflgb]{zs Ho" ;d]tsf]k|fljlwsx?n] k|:t't ug]{ / ;f] ;DaGwdf cfjZos5nkmn x'g] .63. @)^^.#.!& != cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b $ sf] k|b]zsf] ;+Vof /l;df lgwf{/0f ;DaGwdf 5nkmn x'g] .64. @)^^.#.!* != df) 8f= d+unl;l4 dfgGw/ Ho"n] cjwf/0ffkqsf]kl/R5]b $ sf] k|b]zsf] ;+Vof / l;df lgwf{/0f;DaGwdf gS;f k|:t't ug{' x'g] / ;f]xL ljifodf5nkmn x'g] .65. @)^^.#.!( != df) ;b:ox?n] cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b $ sf]k|b]zsf] ;+Vof, l;dfgf lgwf{/0f ;DaGwdf cf–cfˆgf gS;f / ;f] gS;f;Fu ;DalGwt cjwf/0ffx?k|:t't ug'{ x'g] / k|:t't ljifodf 5nkmn x'g] .!= cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bfsf] kl/R5]b $ sf] k|b]zsf];+Vof / l;dfgf lgwf{/0f ug]{ ;DaGwdf df);b:ox?n] cf–cfˆgf] ljrf/ k|:t't ug'{ eof] .k|b]zsf] ;+Vof / l;df lgwf{/0f ug]{ ;DaGwdfcjwf/0ffkqdf :jLsf/ ul/Psf l;4fGtx?sf]cfwf/df g]kfn leq /x]sf hfthflt, efiff eflifPj+ ;+f:s[lts ;3gtfsf] If]q Pj+ ef}uf]lnsP]ltxfl;s lg/Gt/tf ;d]t b]lvg] u/L gS;f ;lxtJofVof ljZn]if0f u/L k|:t't ug{sf nflu ;ldlt@)^^.)#.!^ ut]sf] a}7sdf s]lGb|o tYofÍljefusf dxflgb]{zs ;d]tsf] k|fljlwsx?;Fu;xof]u lng] / 5nkmn ug]{ lg0f{o eof] .!= s]Gb|Lo tYofÍ ljefusf dxflgb]{zs ;d]tsf]k|fljlws 6f]nLn] g]kfnsf] hgu0fgf @)%* sf]cfwf/df tof/ ul/Psf GIS-CD ;ldltdf k|:t'tu¥of] . ;f] ;DaGwdf df) ;b:ox?n] cf–cfˆgf]wf/0ff k|:t't ug'{ eof] .81laxfg *ah]laxfg *ah]!= cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b $ sf] k|b]zsf] ;+Vof /l;df lgwf{/0f ;DaGwdf 5nkmn hf/L /x\of] . laxfg *ah]!= cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b $ df df) 8f= d+unl;l4dfgGw/ Ho"n] k|b]zsf] ;+Vof / l;df lgwf{/0f;DaGwdf cfˆgf] gS;f / ;f] gS;f;Fu ;DalGwtcjwf/0ff k|:t't ug{' eof] . k|:t't ul/Psf] gS;f/ ;f] gS;f;Fu ;DalGwt cjwf/0ffsf af/]df df);b:ox?n] cf–cfˆgf wf/0ffx? /fVg' eof] .!= cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b $ df df) 8f= d+unl;l4dfgGw/n] k|:t't ug{' ePsf] gS;f / ;f] gS;f;Fu;DalGwt cjwf/0ffsf af/]df df) ;b:ox?n]5nkmndf p7fpg' ePsf ljifox?nfO{ k|:t'tstf{df) 8f= d+unl;l4 dfgGw/n] :ki6 kfg'{ eof] .laxfg *ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg!!=#)ah]laxfg !!ah]laxfg!!=#)ah]laxfg!!=#)ah]laxfg!!=#)ah]#=#)306f#306f#=#)306f#=#)306f#=#)306f

66. @)^^.#.@! != df) >L a'4/Tg dfgGw/, df) >L l5dL nfdf, df)>L uf]kfn ls/fFtL / df) >L g/xl/ cfrfo{ af6cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b $ sf] k|b]zsf] ;+Vof /l;dfgf lgwf{/0f ;DaGwdf cf–cfˆgf gS;f / ;f]gS;f;Fu ;DalGwt cjwf/0ff k|:t't ug'{ x'g] /k|:t't gS;f / cjwf/0ff dfly 5nkmn x'g] .67. @)^^.#.@@ != df) >L a'4/Tg dfgGw/ / df) >L g/xl/ cfrfo{af6 cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b $ sf] k|b]zsf] ;+Vof/ l;dfgf lgwf{/0f ;DaGwdf k|:t't ug'{ ePsf]gS;f / ;f];Fu ;DalGwt cjwf/0ff dfly 5nkmnx'g] . ;fy} df) >L clgn s'df/ emf, df) >LrGb|b]j hf]zL, df) >L ;Gt axfb'/ g]kfnL, df)>L gf/fo0fdfg lah'S5], df) >L uf]kfndfg >]i7/ df) >L ;j{b]j cf]emf af6 k|b]zsf] ;+Vof /l;dfgf lgwf{/0f ;DaGwdf cf–cfˆgf] gS;f / ;f]gS;f;Fu ;DalGwt cjwf/0ff k|:t't ug'{ x'g] .68. @)^^.#.@% != df) >L clgn s'df/ emf, df) >L rGb|b]j hf]zL,df) >L ;Gt axfb'/ g]kfnL, df) >L gf/fo0fdfglah'S5], df) >L uf]kfndfg >]i7, df) >L ;j{b]jcf]emf / df) >L /fds'df/ zdf{ af6 k|b]zsf];+Vof / l;dfgf lgwf{/0f ;DaGwdf cf–cfˆgf]gS;f / ;f] gS;f;Fu ;DalGwt cjwf/0ff k|:t'tug'{ x'g] / ;f] gS;f / cjwf/0ff dfly 5nkmn x'g].69. @)^^.$.!( != ;ldltdf df) z+s/ kf]v/]n, df) >L uf]kfndfg>]i7 / df) >L clgn s'df/ emf åf/f k|:t'tul/Psf cjwf/0ff / ;f];Fu ;DalGwt gS;fx?dfly 5nkmn x'g] .;fy} df) z+s/ kf]v/]nn] k|b]zsf] ;+Vof / l;dfgf;DaGwdf cfˆgf] gS;f / ;f] gS;f;Fu ;DalGwtcjwf/0ff ;ldltdf k|:t't ug'{ eof] .!= cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b $ df df) >L a'4/TgdfgGw/ / df) >L g/xl/ cfrfo{n] k|b]zsf] ;+Vof/ l;dfgf lgwf{/0f ;DaGwdf cf–cfˆgf gS;f / ;f]gS;f;Fu ;DalGwt cjwf/0ff k|:t't ug{' eof] .df) >L a'4/Tg dfgGw/n] k|:t't ul/Psf] gS;f /;f] gS;f;Fu ;DalGwt cjwf/0ffsf af/]df df);b:ox?n] cf–cfˆgf wf/0ffx? /fVg' eof] .!= df) >L a'4/Tg dfgGw/ / df) >L g/xl/cfrfo{n] k|:t't ul/Psf] gS;f / ;f] gS;f;Fu;DalGwt cjwf/0ffsf af/]df df) ;b:ox?n] cf–cfˆgf wf/0ffx? /fVg' eof] . df) >L a'4/TgdfgGw/ / df) >L g/xl/ cfrfo{n] df);b:ox?n] /fVg' ePsf] ljifox?nfO{ :ki6 kfg'{eof].laxfg *ah]laxfg *ah]!= df) >L uf]kfndfg >]i7 / df) >L clgn s'df/emf af6 k|b]zsf] ;+Vof / l;dfgf lgwf{/0f;DaGwdf cf–cfˆgf] gS;f / ;f] gS;f;Fu;DalGwt cjwf/0ff k|:t't ug'{ eof] . laxfg *ah]!= ;ldltdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ ;a} /fhgLlts bnsfdf) ;b:ox?nfO{ k|b]zsf] ;+Vof, l;dfgfsf;DaGwdf kfl6{ut Pj+ JolQmut cjwf/0ff / ;f]cjwf/0ff;Fu ;DaGwL gS;f ;ldltdf oyfzL3|k]z ug{ cg'/f]w u¥of] .laxfg *ah]laxfg!!=#)ah]laxfg!!=#)ah]laxfg!!=#)ah]laxfg!!=#)ah]#=#)306f#=#)306f#=#)306f#=#)306f82

70. @)^^.$.@) != cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b ^ df df) ;b:ox?n] k]zug'{ ePsf] ;'emfjx? dfly 5nkmn x'g] .71. @)^^.$.@# != cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b ^ ljleGg txsf ;+3LoPsfOsf] clwsf/sf] ;"rLdf df) ;b:ox?n] k]zug'{ ePsf] ;'emfjx? dfly 5nkmn x'g] .72. @)^^.$.@% != cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b ^ df df) ;b:ox?n] k]zug'{ ePsf] ;'emfjx? dfly 5nkmn x'g] .73. @)^^.$.@^ != cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b ^ df ;+3Lo PsfOsf]clwsf/sf] ;"rLdf df) ;b:ox?n] k]z ug'{ ePsf];'emfjx? dfly 5nkmn x'g] .74. @)^^.$.@& != cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b ^ df df) ;b:ox?n] k]zug'{ ePsf] ;'emfjx? dfly 5nkmn x'g] .75. @)^^.$.@* != cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b ^ df df) ;b:ox?n] k]zug'{ ePsf] ;'emfjx? dfly 5nkmn x'g] .76. @)^^.$.#) != cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bfsf] kl/R5]b ^ df ;+3LoPsfOsf clwsf/ afF8kmfF8sf] ;"rLdf kl/dflh{t;"rLsf] d:of}bf dfly 5nkmn x'g] .@= cjwf/0ffkqsf] cfwf/df d:of}bf pk ;ldlt u7gx'g] .!= ;+ljwfg;efdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ ;a} /fhgLltsbnx?nfO{ ;+3Lo PsfOx?sf] If]q lgwf{/0f ug]{;DaGwdf k|b]zsf] ;+Vof, l;dfgf ;lxtsf] gSzf /cjwf/0ffkq ldlt @)^^.$.@% ut] ;Dd ;ldltdfk]z ug{ cg'/f]w ug]{ lg0f{osf ;fy} ldlt@)^^.)$.@% kl5 k|fKt x'g] gSzf /cjwf/0ffdfly ;ldltdf 5nkmn gul/g] lg0f{oul/of] .@= cfufdL a}7s b]lv tf]lsPsf] ;do eGbf #)ldg]6;Dd klg sf]/d gk'u]df a}7s :ylut ug]{lg0f{o ;d]t u¥of] .!= cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bfsf] kl/R5]b ^ df ;+3LoPsfOsf] clwsf/sf] ;"rLdf df) ;b:ox?n] /fVg'ePsf ;'emfjx? dfly 5nkmn hf/L /x\of] .!= cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bfsf] kl/R5]b ^ df df);b:ox?n] /fVg' ePsf ;'emfjx? dfly 5nkmnhf/L /x\of] .!= cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bfsf] kl/R5]b ^ df ;+3LoPsfOsf] clwsf/sf] ;"rLdf df) ;b:ox?n] /fVg'ePsf ;'emfjx? dfly 5nkmn hf/L /x\of] .!= cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bfsf] kl/R5]b ^ df ;+3LoPsfOsf] clwsf/sf] ;"rLdf df) ;b:ox?n] /fVg'ePsf ;'emfjx? dfly 5nkmn hf/L /x\of] .!= cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bfsf] kl/R5]b ^ df ;+3LoPsfOsf clwsf/ afF8kmfF8sf] ;"rLdf df);b:ox?n] /fVg' ePsf ;'emfjx?sf cfwf/dfd:of}bf kl/dfh{g u/L k]z ug]{ lg0f{o eof] .!= cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bfsf] kl/R5]b ^ df df);b:ox?n] /fVg' ePsf ;'emfjx? dfly 5nkmn e}kl/dfh{g ;lxt s]xL ;'emfjx? ;dfj]z ug]{ lg0f{ou¥of] .83laxfg *ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg*ah]laxfg*ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg(=#)ah]laxfg !!ah]laxfg !!ah]laxfg(=#)ah]laxfg!)=$%ah]laxfg!)=$%ah]laxfg !!ah]77. @)^^.$.#@ != cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b ^ sf] clwsf/sf] ;"rLdf != ;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL, @)^% sf] lgod &^-@_ laxfg * laxfg #)!=#)306f#306f#306f!=#)306f@=$%306f@=$%306f#306f

cfos/ dlxnf cbfnt, ljz]if ;+/rgf ;DaGwLPsfOsf] clwsf/, u'7L ;DaGwL, cjlzi6 clwsf// kl/R5]b ( sf] ljz]if clwsf/ ;DaGwL d:of}bfdfdf) ;b:ox?n] k]z ug'{ ePsf] lnlvt ;'emfj;lxt cjwf/0ffkqdf 5nkmn x'g] .78. @)^^.%.! != cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b ^ sf] clwsf/sf];"rLdf cfos/, dlxnf cbfnt, 3/]n'pBf]u, ljz]if ;+/rgf ;DaGwL PsfOsf]clwsf/, u'7L ;DaGwL, cjlzi6 clwsf/ /kl/R5]b ( sf] ljz]if clwsf/ ;DaGwLd:of}bfdf df) ;b:ox?n] k]z ug'{ ePsf]lnlvt ;'emfj ;lxt cjwf/0ffkqdf5nkmn x'g] .79. @)^^.%.@ != cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b ( sf] cfTdlg0f{osf]clwsf/ / /fhg}lts cu|flwsf/ ;DaGwLljifodf df) ;b:ox?n] k]z ug'{ ePsf]lnlvt ;'emfjx? / kl/R5]b ^ sf]clwsf/sf] ;"rLdf cfos/, dlxnf cbfnt,3/]n' pBf]u, u'7L ;DaGwL, cjlzi6clwsf/, ljz]if ;+/rgf ;DaGwL PsfOsf]clwsf/ ;DaGwdf 5nkmn x'g] .80. @)^^.%.# != cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b ( sf] cfTdlg0f{osf]clwsf/ / /fhg}lts cu|flwsf/ / kl/R5]b ^ sf]cjlzi6 clwsf/sf] ljifodf df) ;b:ox?n] k]zug'{ ePsf] lnlvt ;'emfjx?df 5nkmn x'g] .@= cjwf/0ffkqsf] cfwf/df ;+ljwfgsf] d:of}bf n]vgsfo{sf nflu pk–;ldlt u7g ug]{ .81. @)^^.%.( != cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b ( sf] cfTdlg0f{osf]clwsf/ / /fhg}lts cu|flwsf/ / kl/R5]b^ sf] cjlzi6 clwsf/sf] ljifodf df);b:ox?n] k]z ug'{ ePsf] lnlvtadf]lhd o; ;ldltsf] ldlt @)^^÷$÷#@ ut]sf]cfOtaf/sf] a}7sdf u0fk'/s ;+Vof gk'u]sfn] ldlt@)^^÷%÷! ut] laxfg *=)) ah] ;Dd a}7s:ylut eof] .!= cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bfsf] kl/R5]b ( sf] ljz]ifclwsf/ ;DalGw d:of}bfdf df= ;b:ox?n] /fVg'ePsf ;'emfjx? kl/dfh{g ;lxt ;dfj]z ug]{lg0f{o eof] .!= 3/]n' pBf]u / u'7L ;DaGwL clwsf/ ;femf ;'rLdf/fVg] ;xdlt u/of] .!= df) ;efkltHo"af6 zf;lso :j?k lgwf{/0f;ldltdf ePsf] 5nkmnsf] af/]df ;ldltsf df);b:ox?nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] .!= ;ldltdf ePsf ;xdlt cg';f/ cjwf/0ffkqsf]cfwf/df d:of}bf n]vg sfo{sf nflu b]xfosf df);b:ox? /xg] u/L d:of}bf n]vg pk–;ldlt u7gu¥of] .ah] *=#)ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg(=#) ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg!!=!%ah]laxfg!)=#)ah]laxfg!!=#)ah]laxfg!)=#)ah]ldg]6#=!%306f@=#)306f@306f@=#)306f84

;'emfjx?df 5nkmn x'g] .@= cjwf/0ffkqsf] cfwf/df ;+ljwfgsf] d:of}bfn]vg sfo{sf nflu pk–;ldlt u7g ug]{ .df) hok|sfz k|;fb u'Ktfdf) g/xl/ cfrfo{df) k|ltef /f0ffdf) 8f= d+unl;l4 dfgGw/df) lxtdfg zfSo82. @)^^.%.!) != k|fs[lts ;|f]t, cfly{s clwsf/ tyf /fh:jafF8kmfF8 ;ldltsf df) ;efkltHo"af6 hfgsf/LlnO 5nkmn x'g] .@= cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b ^ sf] cjlzi6 clwsf/ /kl/R5]b ( sf] cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ / /fhg}ltscu|flwsf/sf] ljifodf df) ;b:ox?n] k]z ug'{ePsf] lnlvt ;'emfjx?df 5nkmn x'g] .83. @)^^.%.!! != cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b ^ sf] cjlzi6 clwsf/ /kl/R5]b ( sf] cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ / /fhg}ltscu|flwsf/sf] ljifodf df) ;b:ox?n] k]z ug'{ePsf] lnlvt ;'emfjx?df 5nkmn x'g] .84. @)^^.%.!* != cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b ^ sf] cjlzi6 clwsf/sf]ljifodf df) ;b:ox?n] k]z ug'{ ePsf] lnlvt;'emfjx?df 5nkmn x'g] .;ldltn] afFsL /x]sf ljifox? lg0f{o lnPkl5 pQmpk;ldltnfO{ cjwf/0ffkqsf] cfwf/df d:of}bfn]vg ug]{ ;dofjlw ;d]t tf]Sof] .!= k|fs[lts ;|f]t, cfly{s clwsf/ tyf /fh:jafF8kmfF8 ;ldltsf df) ;efkltHo", df) ;b:ox?/ ljz]if1af6 ;f] ;ldltdf o; ;ldltsf] cGt/;DalGwt ljifox?df xfn;Dd eP u/]sf /;ldltn] lgisif{ lnPsf / ljrf/flwg ljifodfhfgsf/L Pscfk;df lnO{ 5nkmn ;d]t u¥of] .!= cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b ( sf] cfTdlg0f{osf]clwsf/ / /fhg}lts cu|flwsf/sf] ljifodf df);b:ox?n] k]z ug'{ ePsf lnlvt ;'emfjx?dflysf] 5nkmndf df= ;b:ox?n] cleJotm ug'{ePsf ljrf/x?nfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ kl/dfh{g ;lxt;ldltsf] cfufdL a}7sdf k]z ug]{ lg0f{o u¥of] .@= ;+ljwfg;efdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ ;a} /fhg}ltskf6L{sf ;+;bLo bnx?nfO{ ;+3Lo ;+/rgfsf] gSzf;lxtsf] cjwf/0ffkq @)^^÷%÷!* ut] ;Dd;ldltdf pknAw u/fO{lbg] Jo:yfsf nflu k'gMcg'/f]w ug]{ lg0f{o u¥of] .!= df) >L b]j k|;fb u'?ËHo"n] Plss[t g]kfnsDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] tkm{af6 k|b]zsf];+Vof, l;dfgf / gfdfs/0f ;DaGwdf gSzf85laxfg *ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg !@ah];lxtsf] cjwf/0ff k|:t't ug'{ eof] .85. @)^^.%.!( != cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b ^ sf] cjlzi6 clwsf/ / != df) >L gf/fo0fdfg ljh'S5]n] g]kfn dhb'/ laxfg *ls;fg kf6L{sf] tkm{af6 k|b]zsf] ;+Vof, l;dfgf / ah]laxfg!!=!%ah]laxfg !!ah]lbp;f]@=#)ah]laxfg!!=#)#=!%306f#306f@=#)306f@=#)306f

cfos/ ;DaGwdf 5nkmn x'g] .86. @)^^.%.@! != /fhg}lts cu|flwsf/ ;DaGwdf 5nkmn x'g] .@= /fhg}lts kf6L{af6 ;ldltdf k|fKt ePsf] gSzf;lxtsf] k|b]zsf] ;+Vof, l;dfgf / gfdfs/0fsf;DaGwdf ;DalGwt kf6L{sf df) ;b:ox?n];ldltdf k|:t't ug'{ x'g] .87. @)^^.%.@# != cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ / /fhg}lts cu|flwsf/;DaGwdf 5nkmn x'g] .@= /fhg}lts kf6L{af6 ;ldltdf k|fKt ePsf] gSzf;lxtsf] k|b]zsf] ;+Vof, l;dfgf / gfdfs/0fsf;DaGwdf ;DalGwt kf6L{sf df) ;b:ox?n];ldltdf k|:t't ug'{ x'g] .88. @)^^.%.@$ != cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ / /fhg}lts cu|flwsf/;DaGwdf 5nkmn hf/L /xg] .@= /fhg}lts kf6L{af6 ;ldltdf k|fKt ePsf] gSzf;lxtsf] k|b]zsf] ;+Vof, l;dfgf / gfdfs/0fsf;DaGwdf ;DalGwt kf6L{sf df) ;b:ox?n];ldltdf k|:t't ug'{ x'g] .89. @)^^.%.@% != /fhg}lts cu|flwsf/ ;DaGwdf 5nkmn hf/L /xg].s_ :yfgLo txdfv_ ljz]if ;+/rgfdf‣ :jfoQ If]q‣ ljz]if ;+/lIft If]q‣ ljz]if If]qu_ k|fb]lzs tx@= /fhg}lts kf6L{af6 ;ldltdf k|fKt ePsf] gSzf;lxtsf] k|b]zsf] ;+Vof, l;dfgf / gfdfs/0fsf;DaGwdf ;DalGwt kf6L{sf df) ;b:ox?n];ldltdf k|:t't ug'{ x'g] .gfdfs/0f ;DaGwdf gSzf ;lxtsf] cjwf/0ffk|:t't ug'{ eof] .@= cjlzi6 clwsf/ ;+3 -s]Gb|_ df /fVg] ljifodf;xdlt u¥of] .!= /fhg}lts cu|flwsf/ ;DaGwdf dfggLo;b:ox?n] cf–cfˆgf] wf/0ff k|:t't ug'{ eof] .!= df) >L nSsL z]kf{n] k|b]zsf] ;+Vof, l;dfgf /gfdfs/0f ;DaGwdf gSzf ;lxtsf] cfˆgf]cjwf/0ff k|:t't ug'{ eof] .@= /fhg}lts cu|flwsf/ ;DaGwdf dfggLo;b:ox?n] cf–cfˆgf] wf/0ff k|:t't ug'{ eof] .!= cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ ;DaGwdf ;ldltsf] j}7sdfdf) ;b:ox?n] JoQm ug'{ ePsf wf/0ff ;d]tnfO{Wofg lbO{ cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bfnfO{ kl/dfh{gug{ d:of}bf n]vg pk;ldltnfO{ lhDdf lbg] lg0f{ou¥of] .laxfg *ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg *ah]!= /fhgLlts cu|flwsf/sf ;DaGwdf ;ldltsf]j}7sdf df) ;b:ox?n] JoQm ug'{ ePsf wf/0ff;d]tnfO{ Wofg lbO{ cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bfnfO{kl/dfh{g u/L @)^^.%.@( ut] ;ldltsf] a}7sdfk]z ug]{ u/L d:of}bf n]vg pk;ldltnfO{ lhDdflbg] lg0f{o u¥of] . laxfg *ah]ah]laxfg !!ah]laxfg!!=!%ah]laxfg!)=#)ah]laxfg!!=#)ah]#306f#=!%306f@=#)306f#=#)306f86

90. @)^^.%.@( != d:of}bf n]vg pk;ldltn] /fhg}lts cu|flwsf/ /cfTdlg0f{osf] ;DaGwdf kl/dflh{t k|ltj]bg k]zug]{ / ;f] k|ltj]bg dfly 5nkmn x'g] .@= /fhg}lts kf6L{af6 ;ldltdf k|fKt ePsf] gSzf;lxtsf] k|b]zsf] ;+Vof, l;dfgf / gfdfs/0fsf;DaGwdf ;DalGwt kf6L{sf df) ;b:ox?n];ldltdf k|:t't ug'{ x'g] .91. @)^^.%.#) != /fhg}lts cu|flwsf/ ;DaGwdf 5nkmn x'g] .@= ljz]if clwsf/ cGtu{t dlxnf, blnt, cNk;+Vostyf l;dfGts[t ;d'bfosf] clwsf/ ;DaGwdf5nkmn x'g] .#= ljz]if ;+/rgf ;DaGwL PsfOsf] clwsf/ ;"rLdf5nkmn x'g] . :yfgLo txsf] clwsf/sf] ;"rL cGtu{t /x]sfljifodf clwsf/ x'g] . ;+ljwfgdf g} 5'§} clwsf/sf] ;"rLsf] Joj:yf ug]{ .k|fb]lzs ;/sf/n] sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f u/] cg';f/clwsf/sf] Joj:yf ug]{ .92. @)^^.^.! != ljz]if ;+/rgf ;DaGwL PsfOsf] clwsf/ ;"rLdf5nkmn x'g] . :yfgLo txsf] clwsf/sf] ;"rL cGtu{t /x]sfljifodf clwsf/ x'g] . ;+ljwfgdf g} 5'§} clwsf/sf] ;"rLsf] Joj:yf ug]{ . k|fb]lzs ;/sf/n] sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f u/] cg';f/clwsf/sf] Joj:yf ug]{ .@= k|b]zsf] ;+Vof, l;dfgf / gfdfs/0fsf];DaGwdf cWoog ug{ /fo ;'emfj ;lxtsf]k|ltj]bg k]z ug{sf nflu pk;ldlt u7g ug]{ . cjwf/0ffkqsf] cg';"rLdf /fVg] ljifox?sf]5nkmn u/L 5gf}6 ug]{ . ;ldltdf ljleGg /fhg}lts kf6L{sf tkm{af6 /df) ;b:ox?n] lghL ?kdf k]z ug'{ ePsfgSzfx?sf] ljt/0f ug]{ .!= d:of}bf n]vg pk;ldltn] cfTdlg0f{osf]clwsf/sf] ;DaGwdf k]z u/]sf] k|ltj]bg dflydf) ;b:ox?n] cleJoQm ug'{ ePsf ljrf/nfO{;d]t ;dfj]z u/L kl/dflh{t ?kdf ;xdlt u¥of].!= /fhg}lts cu|flwsf/sf ;DaGwdf k|b]zsf] ;+Vof /l;dfgf af/]df lgisif{df k'u]kl5 5nkmn ug]{ /ljz]if clwsf/ cGtu{t dlxnf, blnt, cNk;+Vostyf l;dfGts[t ;d'bfosf] clwsf/ ;DaGwdf df);b:ox?n] cleJoQm ug'{ ePsf] ljrf/nfO{;dfj]z u/L kl/dfh{g ug{ sfo{bnnfO{ lhDdflbof] .!= ljz]if ;+/rgf ;DaGwL PsfOsf] clwsf/ ;"rLdfdf) ;b:ox?n] cleJoQm ug'{ ePsf ljrf/nfO{;d]t ;dfj]z u/L k|f/lDes d:of}bf ug]{ lhDdfsfo{bnnfO{ lbof] .laxfg *ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg !!ah]laxfg !!ah]laxfg!)=$%ah]#306f#306f@=$%306f87

93. @)^^.^.$ != ;+3Lo PsfOaLr pTkGg x'g ;Sg] ljjfbsf];dfwfg ;DaGwL ;+oGqsf] cGt/f{li6«o cEof; /g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df s:tf] ;+oGqsf] Joj:yf ubf{pko'Qm x'g] ;DaGwdf clwjQmf 8f= >L o'j/fh;+u|f}nf / clwjQmf >L lbg]z lqkf7L;+u hfgsf/LlnO{ 5nkmn ug]{ .@= k|b]zsf] ;+Vof, l;dfgf / gfdfs/0fsf] ;DaGwdfcWoog ug{ /fo ;'emfj ;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg k]zug{sf nflu pk;ldlt u7g ug]{ .94. @)^^.^.@! != cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b * sf] ;+3Lo PsfO jLrpTkGg x'g ;Sg] ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg ;DaGwL;+oGqsf] kl/dflh{t d:of}bf ljt/0f u/L 5nkmnx'g] .95. @)^^.^.@# != cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b * sf] ;+3Lo PsfO jLrpTkGg x'g ;Sg] ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg ;DaGwL;+oGqsf] kl/dflh{t d:of}bf dfly 5nkmn hf/L/xg] .96. @)^^.^.@% != cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b ( sf] ljz]if clwsf/cGtu{t dlxnf, blnt, cNk;+Vos tyfl;dfGts[t ;d'bfosf clwsf/sf] ;DaGwdfkl/dflh{t d:of}bf k]z eO{ 5nkmn x'g] .97. @)^^.&.@@ != ;ldltsf] sfo{If]q cGtu{t ljleGg ljifodf5nkmn x'g] .98. @)^^.&.@$ != ljz]if clwsf/ cGtu{t pk;ldltåf/f kl/dflh{tul/Psf] b]xfosf ljifodf 5nkmn x'g] —!= ;+3Lo PsfOaLr pTkGg x'g ;Sg] ljjfbsf];dfwfg ;DaGwL ;+oGqsf] cGt/f{li6«o cEof; /g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df s:tf] ;+oGqsf] Joj:yf ubf{pko'Qm x'g] ;DaGwdf clwjQmf 8f= >L o'j/fh;+u|f}nf / clwjQmf >L lbg]z lqkf7Ln] cf–cfˆgf]wf/0ff ;ldltdf k|:t't ug'{ eof] . ;f] ;DaGwdfdf) ;b:ox?n] /fVg' ePsf lh1f;fx?df k|i6kfg'{eof] .@= k|b]zsf] ;+Vof, l;dfgf / gfdfs/0fsf] ;DaGwdfcWoog ug{ /fo ;'emfj ;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg k]zug{sf nflu d:of}bf n]vg pk;ldltnfO{ g} lhDdflbg] lg0f{o u¥of] .!= cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b * sf] ;+3Lo PsfO jLrpTkGg x'g ;Sg] ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg ;DaGwL;+oGqsf] kl/dflh{t d:of}bfdf 5nkmn k|f/De eof].!= cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b * sf] ;+3Lo PsfO jLrpTkGg x'g ;Sg] ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg ;DaGwL;+oGqsf] kl/dflh{t d:of}bfnfO{ ;+zf]wg ;lxt;xdlt hgfof] .!= cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b ( sf] ljz]if clwsf/cGtu{t dlxnf, blnt, cNk;+Vos tyfl;dfGts[t ;d'bfosf clwsf/sf] ;DaGwdf df);b:ox?n] cleJoQm u/]sf ljrf/nfO{ ;d]t;dfj]z u/L ;ldltdf k|ltj]bg k]z ug{ d:of}bfn]vg pk;ldltnfO{ lhDdf lbg] lg0f{o u¥of] .!= ;ldltsf] sfo{If]q cGtu{t pk;ldltnfO{ lbOPsf]lhDd]jf/L oyfzL3| ;ldltdf cfˆgf] /fo ;lxtsf]k|ltj]bg a'emfpg / a'emfpg afFsL /fhg}ltskf6L{x?n] k|b]zsf] ;+Vof, l;dfgf / gfdsf];DaGwdf ;ldltdf gSzf ;lxtsf] cjwf/0ff l5§}pknAw u/fO lbg cg'/f]w u¥of] .88laxfg *ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg!)=#)ah]laxfg*=#)ah]!= ;+3Lo PsfOx? jLr Joj:yflksLo, sfo{sfl/0fL,Goflos clwsf/sf] afF8kmFf8 / ljz]if ;+/rgf laxfg *ah]laxfg !!ah]laxfg!)=#)ah]laxfg!)=#)ah]lbp;f]!=!%laxfg!)=#)ah]laxfg !!ah]#306f@=#)306f@=#)306f@=$%306f@306f@306f

‣ ;+3Lo PsfOx? jLr Joj:yflksLo, sfo{sfl/0fL /Goflos clwsf/ afF8kmfF8 ;DaGwdf‣ ljz]if ;+/rgf ;DaGwL PsfOsf] clwsf/sf] ;'rL;DaGwdfdlxnf tyf blntsf] ljz]if clwsf/ ;DaGwdf99. @)^^.&.@% != ljz]if clwsf/ cGtu{t pk;ldltåf/f kl/dflh{tul/Psf] dlxnf tyf blntsf] ljz]if clwsf/;DaGwdf 5nkmn x'g] .@= df) >L rGb| b]j hf]zLn] cfˆgf] bnsf] tkm{af6k|b]zsf] gSzf, ;+Vof / cjwf/0ff k|:t't ug'{ x'g] .#= cjwf/0ffkqdf ;xdlt ePsf ljifox?dfpk;ldltn] tof/ u/]sf] k|f/lDes d:of}bf k]z eO{5nkmn x'g] .100. @)^^.&.@* != dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/d g]kfnsf] tkm{af6 df)ho k|sfz u'Ktfn] k|b]zsf] gSzf, ;+Vof /cjwf/0ff k|:t't ug'{ x'g] .@= ljz]if clwsf/ cGtu{t pk;ldltåf/f kl/dflh{tul/Psf] blntsf] ljz]if clwsf/ ;DaGwdf 5nkmnx'g] .#= cjwf/0ffkqdf ;xdlt ePsf ljifox?dfpk;ldltn] tof/ u/]sf] k|f/lDes d:of}bf k]z eO{5nkmn x'g] .101. @)^^.&.@( != ljz]if clwsf/ cGtu{t kl/dflh{t ul/Psf]blntsf] ljz]if clwsf/ ;DaGwdf 5nkmn x'g] .@= cjwf/0ffkqdf ;xdlt ePsf ljifox?dfpk;ldltn] tof/ u/]sf] k|f/lDes d:of}bf k]z eO{5nkmn x'g] .102. @)^^.*.! != cjwf/0ffkqdf ;xdlt ePsf ljifox?dfpk;ldltn] tof/ u/]sf] k|f/lDes d:of}bf k]z eO{5nkmn x'g] .103. @)^^.*.@ != ljz]if clwsf/ cGtu{t kl/dflh{t ul/Psf]blntsf] ljz]if clwsf/ ;DaGwdf 5nkmn x'g] .@= cjwf/0ffkq ;lxtsf] k|f/lDes d:of}bf cGt{ut;DaGwL PsfOsf] clwsf/sf] ;"rLsf] ;DaGwdfpk;ldltn] k]z u/]sf] k|ltj]bgnfO{ ;fdfGokl/dfh{g ;lxt ;xdlt u¥of] .!= dlxnfsf] ljz]if clwsf/ ;DaGwdf pk;ldltn]k]z u/]sf] k|ltj]bgnfO{ kl/dfh{g ;lxt ;xdltu¥of] .@= df) >L rGb|b]j hf]zLn] cfˆgf] bnsf] tkm{af6k|b]zsf] gSzf, ;+Vof / cjwf/0ff k|:t't ug'{ eof]/ df) >L ho k|sfz u'Ktfn] cfˆgf] bnsf]tkm{af6 kl/dflh{t k|b]zsf] ;+Vof, l;dfgf / gSzf;lxtsf] cjwf/0ff ;d]t ;ldltdf a'emfpg' eof] .!= dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/d g]kfnsf] tkm{af6 df)hok|sfz k|;fb u'Ktfn] k|b]zsf] gSzf, ;+Vof /cjwf/0ff k|:t't ug'{ eof] .!= blntsf] ljz]if clwsf/ / cjwf/0ffkq ;lxtk|f/lDes d:of}bf dfly 5nkmn 5nkmn hf/L/x\of] .laxfg *ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg *ah]!= ;xdlt ePsf ljifox?df cjwf/0ffkq ;lxtsf]k|f/lDes d:of}bf dfly 5nkmn hf/L /x\of] . laxfg *ah]!= pk;ldltn] k]z u/]sf] blntsf] nflu ljz]ifclwsf/sf] ;DaGwL k|ltj]bgnfO{ kl/dfh{g ;lxt;xdlt u¥of] / cjwf/0ffkq ;lxtsf] k|f/lDeslaxfg *ah]laxfg !!ah]laxfg !!ah]laxfg !!ah]laxfg!)=$%ah]laxfg!)=#)ah]#306f#306f#306f@=$%306f@=#)306f89

clwsf/sf] afF8kmfF8 tyf ;+3Lo PsfO{ jLr cGt/;DaGwdf 5nkmn x'g] .104. @)^^.*.# != g]=s=kf -Pdfn]_ sf] tkm{af6 df) 8f= d+unl;l4dfgGw/n] k|b]zsf] gSzf, l;dfgf / ;+Vof;lxtsf] cjwf/0ff k|:t't ug'{ x'g] .@= cjwf/0ffkq ;lxtsf] k|f/lDes d:of}bf cGt{ut;+3, k|b]z, ljz]if ;+/rgf / :yflgo txsf]clwsf/sf] afF8kmfF8 tyf ;+3Lo PsfO{ jLr cGt/;DaGwdf 5nkmn x'g] .d:of}bf cGt{ut clwsf/sf] afF8kmfF8 ;DaGwdf5nkmn eof] .!= g]=s=kf -Pdfn]_ sf] tkm{af6 df) 8f= d+unl;l4dfgGw/n] k|b]zsf] gSzf, l;dfgf / ;+Vof;lxtsf] cjwf/0ff k|:t't ug'{ eof] .@= cjwf/0ffkq ;lxtsf] k|f/lDes d:of}bf cGt{ut;+3, k|b]z, ljz]if ;+/rgf / :yflgo txsf]clwsf/sf] afF8kmfF8 tyf ;+3Lo PsfO{ jLr cGt/;DaGwsf ljifo dfly 5nkmn eof] .laxfg *ah]laxfg!)=#)ah]@=#)306f105. @)^^.*.% != cjwf/0ffkq ;lxtsf] k|f/lDes d:of}bf cGt{ut;+3Lo PsfO jLr ljjfb ;dfwfg ;DaGwL;+oGqsf, ljz]if ;+/rgf ;DaGwL Joj:yf /:yfgLo txsf] lgdf{0f / If]q lgwf{/0f ;DaGwLljifodf 5nkmn x'g] .106. @)^^.*.( != ;ldltn] to u/]sf] cfwf/ / ljlwdf cfwfl/t eO{/fhg}lts kf6L{ / JolQmut ¿kdf df);b:ox?af6 ;ldltdf xfn;Dd k|fKt ePsf gSzf/ cjwf/0ffsf ;DaGwdf 5nkmn u/Lpk;ldltnfO{ k|ltj]bg tof/ ug{ lgb]{zg lbg] .107. @)^^.*.!* != ljz]if clwsf/ cGt{ut dlxnf tyf blntsf]clwsf/sf] ;DaGwdf pk;ldltn] k]z u/]sf];+ljwfgsf] d:of}bf dfly 5nkmn x'g .@= ;ldltdf k|fKt ePsf /fhg}lts bnsf] k|b]zsf];+Vof, l;dfgf / gfdfs/0fsf] ;DaGwdf cjwf/0ff;lxt gSzf k|:t't x'g] .108. @)^^.(.! != pk;ldltsf] kl/dflh{t d:of}bf k]z eO{ 5nkmnx'g] .!= cjwf/0ffkq ;lxtsf] k|f/lDes d:of}bf cGt{ut;+3Lo PsfO jLr ljjfb ;dfwfg ;DaGwL;+oGqsf, ljz]if ;+/rgf ;DaGwL Joj:yf /:yfgLo txsf] lgdf{0f / If]q lgwf{/0f ;DaGwdf5nkmn eof] .!= ;ldltdf k|fKt ePsf gSzf / cjwf/0ffsf;DaGwdf ;ldltn] to u/]sf] cfwf/ / ljlwdfcfwfl/t eO{ pk;ldltn] cfˆgf] sfo{ cufl8a9fpg lgb]{zg lbof] .@= xfn;Dd klg kf6L{sf] cjwf/0ff ;lxtsf] k|b]zsf];+Vof, l;dfgf / gSzf ga'emfPsf ;+ljwfg;efsf;+;bLo bnx?nfO{ @)^^.*.!^ ;Dd ;ldltdfcfOk'Ug] u/L ;DalGwt bnnfO{ kqfrf/ ug]{ lg0f{ou¥of] .!= ljz]if clwsf/ cGtu{t dlxnf tyf blntsf]clwsf/sf] ;DaGwdf pk;ldltn] k]z u/]sf];+ljwfgsf] d:of}bf dfly 5nkmn eof] .@= g]kfnL sf+u|];, ;befjgf kf6L{ / /f=k|=kf=af6k|b]zsf] ;+Vof, l;dfgf / gfdfs/0fsf] ;DaGwdfcjwf/0ff ;lxt gSzf k|:t't ul/of] .!= pk;ldltn] kl/dflh{t d:of}bf ;ldltdf k]z u¥of]/ ;f] d:of}bfdf cfufld a}7sdf 5nkmn ug]{lg0f{o u¥of] .laxfg *ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg !!ah]laxfg !!ah]laxfg!!=#)ah]laxfg!!=#)ah]#306f#306f#=#)306f#=#)306f90

109. @)^^.(.( != pk;ldltn] kl/dflh{t u/]sf] d:of}bf dfly 5nkmnx'g] .110. @)^^.(.!) != pk;ldltn] k]z u/]sf] d:of}bf dfly 5nkmn hf/L/xg] .111. @)^^.(.!@ != pk;ldltn] k]z u/]sf] d:of}bf dfly 5nkmn hf/L/xg] .112. @)^^.(.!# != pk;ldltn] k]z u/]sf] d:of}bf dfly 5nkmn hf/L/xg] .113. @)^^.(.!$ != pk;ldltn] k]z u/]sf] d:of}bf dfly 5nkmn hf/L/xg] .114. @)^^.(.!% != pk;ldltn] k]z u/]sf] d:of}bf dfly 5nkmn hf/L/xg] .115. @)^^.(.!* != pk;ldltn] k]z u/]sf] d:of}bf dfly 5nkmn hf/L/xg] .116. @)^^.(.!( != pk;ldltn] k]z u/]sf] d:of}bf dfly 5nkmn hf/L/xg] .117. @)^^.(.@) != pk;ldltn] k]z u/]sf] d:of}bf dfly 5nkmn hf/L/xg] .118. @)^^.(.@@ != pk;ldltn] k]z u/]sf] d:of}bf dfly 5nkmn hf/L/xg] .!= pk;ldltn] k]z u/]sf] d:of}bf dfly 5nkmnk|f/De eof] . laxfg *ah]!= ;ldltsf] a}7sdf k|f/lDes d:of}bf dfly 5nkmnx'bfF k|:tfjgf / wf/f !, @, # df kl/dfh{g ;lxt;xdlt hgfof] .laxfg *ah]!= ;ldltsf] a}7sdf k|f/lDes d:of}bf dfly 5nkmnx'bfF wf/f $ kl/dfh{g ;lxt ;xdlt hgfof] . laxfg *ah]!= ;ldltsf] a}7sdf k|f/lDes d:of}bf dfly 5nkmnx'bfF wf/f % kl/dfh{g ;lxt ;xdlt hgfof] .!= ;ldltsf] a}7sdf k|f/lDes d:of}bfsf] wf/f ^ df5nkmn k|f/De eof] .!= ;ldltsf] a}7sdf k|f/lDes d:of}bf dfly 5nkmnx'bfF wf/f ^ / & kl/dfh{g ;lxt ;xdlt hgfof] .!= ;ldltsf] a}7sdf k|f/lDes d:of}bfsf] wf/f * df5nkmn k|f/De eof] .!= ;ldltsf] a}7sdf k|f/lDes d:of}bfsf] wf/f * sf]pkwf/f -#_, -%_, -^_, -*_ / -(_ nfO{ kl/dfh{gu/L ;ldltdf k]z ug{ pk;ldltnfO{ lhDdf lbof] /;f]xL wf/fsf] pkwf/f -$_ / -&_ df ;xdlt hgfof].!= ;ldltsf] a}7sdf wf/f * sf] pkwf/f -!!_, wf/f (sf] ! b]lv !@ ;Ddsf ;a} pkwf/fx?nfO{ kl/dfh{g;lxt ;xdlt hgfof] . wf/f !) sf] pkwf/f -!_, -@_, -#_, -$_ / -%_ nfO{ kl/dfh{g u/L ;ldltdfk]z ug{ pk;ldltnfO{ lhDdf lbof] . wf/f * sf]pkwf/f -#_, -%_, -^_, -*_, -(_ / -!)_ dfpk;ldltn] k|ltj]bg k]z u/]kl5 5nkmn ug]{;xdlt eof] .!= d:of}bfsf] wf/f !) sf] ;DaGwdf ;ldltsf]a}7sdf df) ;ef;bx?n] JoQm u/]sf ljrf/laxfg *ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg!!=#)ah]laxfg!!=#)ah]laxfg!!=#)ah]laxfg !!ah]laxfg !!ah]laxfg !!ah]laxfg !!ah]laxfg!!=#)ah]laxfg !!ah]laxfg !!ah]#=#)306f#=#)306f#=#)306f#306f#306f#306f#306f#=#)306f#306f#306f91

;d]tnfO{ ;dfj]z u/L kl/dfh{g ug{ pk;ldltnfO{lhDdf lbof] .119. @)^^.(.@# != pk;ldltaf6 d:of}bfsf] wf/f * / wf/f !) df != pk;ldltaf6 k]z u/]sf] d:of}bfsf] wf/f * -ePsf] kl/dflh{t d:of}bf k]z x'g] .pkwf/f #, %, ^, *, ( / !)_ / wf/f !) -pkwf/f@= pk;ldltn] k]z u/]sf] d:of}bf dfly 5nkmn hf/L ! b]lv @! ;Dd_ df kl/dflh{g ;lxt ;xdlt/xg] .hgfof] .120. @)^^.(.@$ != pk;ldltn] k]z u/]sf] d:of}bfsf] wf/f !! af6 != d:of}bfsf] wf/f !! sf] ;DaGwdf ;ldltsf] a}7sdf5nkmn hf/L /xg] .df) ;ef;bx?n] JoQm u/]sf ljrf/ ;d]tnfO{;dfj]z Pj+ kl/dfh{g u/L ;ldltdf k]z ug{pk;ldltnfO{ lhDdf lbof] .121. @)^^.(.@% != pk;ldltn] k]z u/]sf] d:of}bf 5nkmn x'g] . != d:of}bfsf] wf/f !! sf] cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/,wf/f !@ sf] dlxnfsf] ljz]if clwsf/ tyf wf/f !#sf] blntsf] clwsf/, wf/f !$ sf] cNk;+Vos tyfl;dfGts[t ;d'bfosf] clwsf/ tyf wf/f !% sf]ljz]if clwsf/sf] ;dLIff tyf k'g/fjnf]sg /ljz]if ;+/rgf cGt{ut :yfkgf x'g] :jfoQ If]qsf]clwsf/sf] ;"rLdf kl/dfh{g ;lxt ;xdtL hgfof].122. @)^^.!).! != pk;ldltn] k|b]zsf] ;+Vof, l;dfgf, gfdfs/0f //fhwfgL ;DaGwdf k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ .@= cjwf/0ffkq / d:of}bfdf Ps?ktf sfod ug'{kg]{ljifox? ;ldltdf k]z eO{ 5nkmn x'g] .#= d:of}bfsf] kl/dflh{t JofVofTds l6Kk0fL ;ldltdfk]z eO{ 5nkmn x'g] .$= cg';"rLdf /fVg] ljifox? 5gf}6 ul/g] .123. @)^^.!).@ != cg';"rLdf /fVg] ljifox? 6'Ëf] nufpg] .@= cjwf/0ffkq / d:of}bfdf Ps?ktf sfod ug'{kg]{ljifo / JofVofTds l6Kk0fL 6'Ëf] nufpg] .#= k|b]zsf] ;+Vof l;dfgf / gfdfs/0f ;DaGwLk|ltj]bgdf 5nkmn x'g] .124. @)^^.!).# != k|b]zsf] ;+Vof, l;dfgf, gfds/0f / /fhwfgL;DaGwdf pk;ldltn] k]z u/]sf] k|ltj]bg dfly5nkmn x'g] .@= cjwf/0ffkq / d:of}bfdf Ps?ktf sfod ug'{kg]{!= pk;ldltn] k|b]zsf] ;+Vof, l;dfgf, gfdfs/0f //fhwfgL ;DaGwdf gSzf ;lxt lj:t[t ljj/0f;ldltdf k]z u¥of] .@= cjwf/0ffkq / d:of}bfdf Ps?ktf sfod ug'{kg]{ljifox?, d:of}bfsf] kl/dflh{t JofVofTds l6Kk0fL/ cg';"rLdf /fVg] ljifox? / pk;ldltn] k]zu/]sf] k|ltj]bg df) ;b:ox?nfO{ ljt/0f ul/of] .!= d:of}bfsf] JofVofTds l6Kk0fL / cg';"rLdf /fVg]ljifox?df kl/dflh{t ;lxt ;xdlt eof] .!= k|b]zsf] ;+Vof, l;dfgf, gfds/0f / /fhwfgL;DaGwdf pk;ldltn] k]z u/]sf] k|ltj]bg dflydf) ;b:ox?n] cf–cfˆgf] wf/0ff /fVg' eof] .@= pk;ldltsf ;+of]hs / df) ;b:ox?n] /fVg'laxfg *ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg *ah]lbp;f]!@ ah]laxfg *ah]laxfg!!=!%ah]laxfg!!=!%ah]laxfg!!=!%ah]laxfg!!=$%ah];fFem &ah]lbgsf] @ah]#=!%306f#=!%306f#=!%306f#=$%306f&306f^306f92

ljifodf 5nkmn x'g] . ePsf ljifodf :ki6 kfg'{ eof] . cjwf/0ff /d:of}bfdf Ps?ktf Nofpg] ljifodf 5nkmn k|f/Deeof] .125. @)^^.!).$ != cjwf/0ffkq / d:of}bfdf Ps?ktf sfod ug'{kg]{ != cjwf/0ffkq / d:of}bfdf Ps?ktf sfod ug'{kg]{ljifodf 5nkmn hf/L /xg] .ljifox?df kl/dfh{g ;lxt ;xdlt hgfof] .126. @)^^.!).% != pk;ldltnfO{ lhDdf lbPsf ljifox? dfly 5nkmn != cjwf/0ffkqdf /xg] cg';"rLsf ljifox? df)x'g] .127. @)^^.!).^ != pk;ldltnfO{ lhDdf lbPsf ljifox? dfly 5nkmnx'g] .@= cjwf/0ffkq / d:of}bfsf] clGtd k|ltj]bg lg0f{oul/ x:tfIf/ x'g] .;b:ox?nfO{ ljt/0f ul/of] .!= kl/dflh{t rf}w k|b]zsf] ;+Vof, l;dfgf, gfds/0f //fhwfgL, /fhg}lts cu|flwsf/ lbg], ljz]if ;+/rgfcGt{ut ul7t :jfoQ If]qsf] ;"rL lgdf{0f, dw]zLsf]clwsf/ / /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf / /fHozlQmsf]afF8kmfF8 ;ldltsf] cjwf/0ffkq ;lxtsf] d:of}bfk|ltj]bg, @)^^ nfO{ ;+ljwfg;efdf k]z ug]{ lg0f{ou¥of] .lbgsf]!@ ah]lbgsf]!@ ah]laxfgsf]* ah];fFem ^ah]lbgsf] !ah]a]n'sfsf]( ah]^306f!306f!#306fpk;ldltsf] a}7ssf] sfo{;"rL / lg0f{o tflnsfl;=a}7ssf]a}7s ldltg+=sfo{;"rLlg0f{o1. @)^%.(.( ;ldltsf] sfo{If]q leq kg]{ ljifodf ug'{kg]{ sfdsf] ljj/0f - ;ldltsf] sfo{If]q leq kg]{ ljifodf ug'kg]{ sfdsf] ljj/0f /sfo{;"rL_ tof/ kfg]{ / ;f] sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ sfo{tflnsf lgdf{0f sfo{tflnsf lgdf{0f ug{ df) ;b:ox?sf] Ifdtf clea[l4sf] nflu ug'{ug{ df) ;b:ox?sf] Ifdtf clea[l4sf] nflu ug'{ kg]{ sfo{qmd, kg]{ sfo{qmd, ljz]if1sf] TOR, ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L 5gf}6 ug]{ ljifodfljz]if1sf] TOR, ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L 5gf}6 ug]{ .5nkmn eP cg';f/ ;lrjfn] k|f/lDes d:of}bf tof/ u/L cfufdLa}7sdf k]z ug]{ lg0f{o eof] .2. @)^%.(.!) != ;lrjfnon] k]z u/]sf] ;ldltsf] sfo{If]q / sfo{tflnsf != ;lrjfnon] k]z u/]sf] ;ldltsf] sfo{If]q, sfo{tflnsf nufot df)nufotsf ljifodf df) ;b:ox?sf] Ifdtf clea[l4sf] nfluug'{ kg]{ sfo{qmd, ljz]if1sf] TOR, ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L 5gf}6 ug]{ .;b:ox?sf] Ifdtf clea[l4sf] nflu ug'{ kg]{ sfo{qmd, ljz]if1sf]TOR, ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L 5gf}6 ug]{df 5nkmn eof] . 5nkmndf ePsf];xdlt cg';f/ d:of}bf kl/dfh{g u/L k|:t't ug{ ;lrjfnonfO{3. @)^%.(.!! != df) ;b:ox?sf] Ifdtf clea[l4sf] nflu ug'{ kg]{ sfo{qmd,ljz]if1sf] TOR, ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L 5gf}6 ug]{ af/] kl/dflh{td:of}bf dfly 5nkmn u/L clGtd ?k lbg] .93lgb]{zg lbg] .!= ;ldltsf] sfo{If]q leq kg]{ ljifosf] sfo{;"rL / ;f] sfo{;"rLcg';f/sf] sfo{ tflnsf, ljz]if1sf] TOR, df) ;b:ox?sf] Ifdtfclea[l4 sfo{qmd, ;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L 5gf}6 ug]{ ljifodf k|:t'tkl/dflh{t d:of}bfdf ;'emfj ;lxt :jLs[t u/L ;ldltsf] a}7sdf

4. @)^%.!).@* != ;ldltsf] sfo{If]q leq kg]{ ljifodf cfdhgtfsf] /fo ;'emfj;+sng ug{sf nflu k|ZgfjnL tof/ ug]{ ;DaGwdf k|f/lDes5nkmn x'g] .5. @)^%.!).@( != ;lrjfnon] k]z u/]sf] k|ZgfjnLsf] d:of}bf pk/ 5nkmn ug]{.6. @)^%.!).#) != cjwf/0ffkqdf ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{ ljifo;"rLsf af/]df 5nkmnx'g] .7. @)^%.!@.#! != cjwf/0ffkqdf ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{ ljifo;"rLsf af/]df 5nkmnx'g] .8. @)^^.!.@ != cjwf/0ffkqdf ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{ ljifox?sf] ljifo ;"rL k]zeO{ 5nkmn x'g] .9. @)^^.!.# != d:of}bf pk ;ldltsf] ;+of]hssf] rog ug]{ .@= cjwf/0ff kqdf ;dfj]z x'g] ljifo;"rLnfO{ clGtd ?k lbg] .#= d:of}bf cjwf/0ff kq tof/ ug{ sfo{bn u7g x'g] .k]z ug]{ lg0f{o eof] .!= a}7sdf cfd hgtf;Fu /fo ;'emfj ;+sng ug{sf nflu k|ZgfjnLtof/ ug]{ ;DaGwdf 5nkmn ul/of] .!= a}7sn] /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf / /fHozlQmsf] afF8kmfF8 ;ldltn] o;;ldltsf] sfo{If]qsf] ljifodf cfd hgtf;Fu /fo ;'emfj ;+sngug{sf nflu k|ZgfjnL tof/ ug{ lbPsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg u/Lpk;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg ;ldltdf k]z ug]{ lg0f{o eof] .!= cjwf/0ffkqdf ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{ ljifo;"rLsf af/]df k|f/lDes5nkmn eof] .!= cjwf/0ffkqdf ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{ ljifo;"rLsf af/]df k|f/lDes5nkmn eof] .!= cjwf/0ffkqdf ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{ ljifox?sf] ljifo ;"rL k]z eO{5nkmn eof] .!= a}7sn] pk ;ldltdf k]z ePsf] cjwf/0ff kqsf] ljifo ;"rLdf5nkmn u/L cfjZos kl/dfh{g ;lxt ;xdltdf k'Uof] .@= ldlt @)^%.!@.@( ut] ul7t cjwf/0ff kq tof/L pk ;ldltsf];+of]hsdf df) rGb«b]j hf]zLnfO{ rog u¥of] .#= cjwf/0ff kq n]vgsf nflu b]xfo df) ;b:ox? /xg] u/L % j6fsfo{bnnfO{ ljifo;"rLdf k|:tfljt kl/R5]b sfo{If]q tf]ls@)^^.!.% ut] ;Dd sfof{jlw ;d]t tf]Sof] . kl/R5]b ! / % df) 8f= d+unl;l4 dfgGw/ -;+of]hs_df) >L cf]g;/L 3lt{du/ -;b:o_df) >L ;Gtaxfb'/ g]kfnL -;b:o_ kl/R5]b @ / # df) >L g/xl/ cfrfo{ -;+of]hs_df) >L ;j{b]j cf]emf -;b:o_df) >L gf/fo0fdfg ljh'S5] -;b:o_ kl/R5]b ^ / & df) >L lxtdfg zfSo -;+of]hs_df) 8f= cf/h' /f0ff b]pjf -;b:o_94

df) >L /fds'df/ zdf{ -;b:o_ kl/R5]b * / ( df) >L ljZjeQm b'nfn -;+of]hs_df) >L k|ltef /f0ff -;b:o_df) >L a'4/Tg dfgGw/ -;b:o_ kl/R5]b $ df) >L z+s/ kf]v|]n -;+of]hs_df) >L lgnd s]=;L= -;b:o_df) >L clgn s'df/ emf -;b:o_10. @)^^.!.^ != sfo{bnn] tof/ u/]sf] cjwf/0ff kq dfly 5nkmn x'g] . != sfo{bnn] tof/ u/]sf] k|f/lDes cjwf/0ff kq dfly 5nkmn eof] .@= df) >L ljZjeQm b'nfn ;+of]hs /xg' ePsf] sfo{bnsf] ;b:o/xg' ePsf df) >L a'4/Tg dfgGw/nfO{ df) >L z+s/ kf]v|]n;+of]hs /xg' ePsf] sfo{bndf, df) >L z+s/ kf]v|]n ;+of]hs /xg'ePsf] sfo{bnsf] ;b:o df) >L lgnd s]=;L= v8\sfnfO{ df) >LljZjeQm b'nfn ;+of]hs /xg' ePsf] sfo{bnsf] ;b:odf x]/km]/ug]{ lg0f{o u¥of] .11. @)^^.!.& != sfo{bnn] tof/ u/]sf] k|f/lDes cjwf/0ff kq dfly 5nkmn != sfo{bnn] tof/ u/]sf] k|f/lDes cjwf/0ff kq dfly 5nkmn eof] .hf/L /xg] .12. @)^^.!.( != sfo{bnn] tof/ u/]sf] k|f/lDes d:of}bf cjwf/0ff kq tof/L != sfo{bnn] tof/ u/]sf] k|f/lDes d:of}bf cjwf/0ff kq dfly 5nkmnpk–;ldltdf k]z ul/g] .eof] .13. @)^^.!.!* != sfo{bnnfO{ tf]lsPsf] sfo{If]qsf af/]df 5nkmn x'g] . != cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bf tof/Lsf af/]df k|f/lDes ?kdf 5nkmneof] . sfo{bnsf] ;+of]hsdf df) 8f= d+unl;l4 dfgGw/nfO{ tf]Sof].14. @)^^.!.@! != sfo{bnsf ;+of]hsx?af6 cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bf k|:t't eO{ != sfo{bnsf ;b:ox?af6 cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bf k|:t't eO{ 5nkmn5nkmn ul/g] .eof] .15. @)^^.!.@@ != cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bf dfly 5nkmn x'g] . != cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bf dfly 5nkmn hf/L /Xof] .16. @)^^.!.@# != cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bf dfly 5nkmn x'g] . != cjwf/0ffkqsf] d:of}bf dfly 5nkmn hf/L /Xof] .17. @)^^.%.!! != ;lrjfnoaf6 tof/ ul/Psf] k|f/lDes d:of}bf df);b:ox?nfO{ ljt/0f x'g] .95!= ;lrjfnoaf6 tof/ ul/Psf] k|f/lDes d:of}bf pk;ldltsf df);b:ox?nfO{ ljt/0f ul/of] . csf]{ a}7sdf ljt/0f ul/Psfd:of}bfdf cf–cfˆgf wf/0ff ;lxt cfpg] u/L a}7s :ylut eof] .18. @)^^.%.!* != pk;ldltsf] ;+of]hs tf]Sg] . != cfh a;]sf] pk;ldltsf] a}7sn] df) >L lxtdfg zfSonfO{;+of]hs tf]Sg] lg0f{o u¥of] . pk;ldltsf] csf]{ a}7s @)^^.%.!(ut] ;ldltsf] a}7s ;DkGg ePkl5 a:g] u/L :ylut eof] .

19. @)^^.%.!( != ;ldltsf df) ;b:ox?sf] k|:tfljt d:of}bfsf] a'Fbf dfly5nkmn x'g] .20. @)^^.%.@( != /fhg}lts cu|flwsf/, cfTdlg0f{sf] clwsf/, ;+ljwfgsf]k|f/lDes d:of}bfsf ;DaGwdf / ;+3Lo PsfO{ jLr pTkGgx'g ;Sg] ljjfb ;dfwfg ;DaGwL ;+oGqsf af/]df ;ldltdfcfdGq0f u/L 5nkmn ug{ ljz]if1sf] 5gf}6 ug]{] ljifodf5nkmn x'g] .21. @)^^.%.#) != ;ldltdf xfn;Dd ;xdlt ePsf ljifodf ;+ljwfgsf] k|f/lDed:of}bf dfly 5nkmn x'g] .22. @)^^.^.@^ != pk;ldltsf] sfo{If]qsf ljifodf 5nkmn u/L sfo{tflnsftof/ ug]{ .pk;ldltdf 5nkmn u/L 6'ª\Uofpg' kg]{ ljifox?M— ljz]if clwsf/ ;DaGwL -dlxnf, blnt, cNk;+Vos /;dfGts[t ;d'bfosf] xs clwsf/sf] ;DaGwdf /fhg}lts cu|flwsf/sf ;DaGwdf ljz]if ;+/rgf ;DaGwL PsfOx?sf] clwsf/sf] ;"rL ljleGg txsf ;+3Lo PsfOsf ;/sf/ jLr ljwflosf,sfo{sfl/0fL / Goflos clwsf/sf] afF8kmfF8 k|b]zsf] ;+Vof, l;dfgf / gfdfs/0fsf ;DaGwdf ;ldltdf ;xdlt ePsf ljifodf cjwf/0ffkqsf] cfwf/dfd:of}bf tof/ ug]{ .23. @)^^.^.@* 1. ljz]if clwsf/ ;DaGwL -dlxnf, blnt, cNk;+Vos /;dfGts[t ;d'bfosf] xs clwsf/sf] ;DaGwdf2. ljz]if ;+/rgf ;DaGwL PsfOx?sf] clwsf/sf] ;"rL3. ljleGg txsf ;+3Lo PsfOsf ;/sf/ jLr ljwflosf,sfo{sfl/0fL / Goflos clwsf/sf] afF8kmfF824. @)^^.&.@@ != ;+3Lo PsfOsf Joj:yflksf, sfo{kflnsf / Gofokflnsfsf]sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ afF8kmfF8 ;DaGwdf@= ljz]if ;+/rgfsf] clwsf/sf] ;"rL ;DaGwdf#= ljz]if Joj:yf cGtu{t dlxnf / blntsf] clwsf/ ;DaGwdf96!= ;+ljwfgsf] k|f/lDes d:of}bf dfly 5nkmn k|f/De u¥of] .!= cjwf/0ffkqsf] kl/R5]b ( cGtu{t /fhg}lts cu|flwsf/ /cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/sf] ;DaGwdf 5nkmn u/L ;ldltdfk|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ lg0f{o eof] .@= ;+3Lo PsfO jLr pTkGg x'g] ;Sg] ljjfb ;dfwfg ;DalGw;+oGqsf af/]df clwjQmf 8f= >L o'j/fh ;+u|f}nf / clwjQmf >Llbg]z lqkf7LnfO{ cfdGq0f u/L ;f] ljifodf hfgsf/L lnO{ 5nkmnug]{ .!= ;ldltdf xfn;Dd ;xdlt ePsf ljifosf cfwf/df tof/ ul/Psf];+ljwfgsf] k|f/lDes d:of}bf dfly 5nkmn hf/L /x\of] .!= pk;ldltdf k]z ePsf] sfo{tflnsf kl/dfh{g u¥of] .!= ljz]if clwsf/ cGtu{t dlxnf tyf blntsf] clwsf/ / ;+ljwfgsf]k|f/lDes d:of}bf dfly 5nkmn hf/L /xof] .!= ljz]if clwsf/ cGtu{t dlxnf ;DaGwdf k]z ePsf] k|f/lDesd:of}bf dfly 5nkmn u/L kl/dfh{g ;lxt ;xdlt ul/of] /cNk;+Vos / l;dfGts[t ;DaGwL cjwf/0ffdf ePsf ljifox?sf]af/]df 5'§} ;ldlt u7g eO{ ;+ljwfg;efdf k]z eO{ 5nkmn ;d]t

$= cjwf/0ffkqdf xfn;Dd ;xdltsf ePsf cfwf/df tof/ePsf] ;+ljwfgsf] k|f/lDes d:of}bf dfly 5nkmn x'g] .25. @)^^.&.@# != ;+3Lo PsfOx? jLr Joj:yflksLo, sfo{sfl/0fL / Goflosclwsf/ afF8kmfF8 ;DaGwdf@= ljz]if ;+/rgfsf] clwsf/sf] ;"rL ;DaGwdf#= /fhg}lts cu|flwsf/$= ljz]if clwsf/ — blnt%= cjwf/0ffkqdf xfn;Dd ;xdltsf ePsf cfwf/df tof/ePsf] ;+ljwfgsf] k|f/lDes d:of}bf dfly 5nkmn x'g] .26. @)^^.&.@$ != cjwf/0ffkqdf xfn;Dd ;xdlt ePsf cfwf/df tof/ ePsf];+ljwfgsf] k|f/lDes d:of}bf dfly 5nkmn x'g] .27. @)^^.&.@% != cjwf/0ffkqdf xfn;Dd ;xdlt ePsf cfwf/df tof/ ePsf];+ljwfgsf] k|f/lDes d:of}bf dfly 5nkmn x'g] .28. @)^^.&.@* != cjwf/0ffkqdf xfn;Dd ;xdlt ePsf cfwf/df tof/ ePsf];+ljwfgsf] k|f/lDes d:of}bf dfly 5nkmn x'g] .29. @)^^.*.! != cjwf/0ffkqdf xfn;Dd ;xdlt ePsf cfwf/df tof/ ePsf];+ljwfgsf] k|f/lDes d:of}bf dfly 5nkmn x'g] .30. @)^^.*.@ != cjwf/0ffkq ;lxtsf] k|f/lDes d:of}bf cGtu{t k|:tfjgf,kl/efiff, /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf / /fHozlQmsf] :j?k / g]kfnsf];+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds :j?kdf x'g] /fhgLlts;+/rgfdf df) ;b:ox?n] JoQm ug'{ ePsf ljrf/sfcfwf/df d:of}bf kl/dfh{g ;DaGwdf 5nkmn x'g] .31. @)^^.*.!! != ljz]if clwsf/ cGtu{t blnt / dlxnf clwsf/sf] k|f/lDesd:of}bfdf / ;ldltdf k|f/lDes d:of}bfdf 5nkmn eO{ df);b:ox?sf] JoQm u/]sf wf/0ff ;d]tsf cfwf/df kl/dflh{td:of}bf dfly 5nkmn x'g] .32. @)^^.*.!@ != ljz]if clwsf/ cGtu{t blnt / dlxnf clwsf/sf] k|f/lDesd:of}bfdf / ;ldltdf k|f/lDes d:of}bfdf 5nkmn eO{ df);b:ox?sf] JoQm u/]sf wf/0ff ;d]tsf cfwf/df kl/dflh{td:of}bf dfly 5nkmn x'g] .33. @)^^.*.!$ != ;ldltdf k|f/lDes d:of}bfdf 5nkmn eO{ df) ;b:ox?n]JoQm u/]sf wf/0ff ;d]tsf cfwf/df kl/dflh{t d:of}bfdfly 5nkmn x'g] .97ePsf]n] ;ldltdf 5nkmn u/L /xg' gkg]{ / cjwf/0ffkqaf6 ;d]tx6fpgsf nflu l;kmfl/; u¥of] .!= ljz]if clwsf/ cGtu{t dlxnfsf] clwsf/, ;+3Lo PsfOx? jLrJoj:yflksLo, sfo{sfl/0fL / Goflos clwsf/sf] afF8kmfF8 / ljz]if;+/rgf ;DaGwL PsfO{sf] clwsf/sf] ;"rLsf ;DaGwdf kl/dfh{g;lxt ;ldltdf k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ lg0f{o u¥of] .!= cjwf/0ffkqdf xfn;Dd ;xdlt ePsf ljifosf cfwf/df tof/ul/Psf] ;+ljwfgsf] k|f/lDes d;f}bf dfly 5nkmn hf/L /x\of] .!= cjwf/0ffkqdf xfn;Dd ;xdlt ePsf ljifosf cfwf/df tof/ul/Psf] ;+ljwfgsf] k|f/lDes d;f}bf dfly 5nkmn hf/L /x\of] .!= cjwf/0ffkqdf xfn;Dd ;xdlt ePsf ljifosf cfwf/df tof/ul/Psf] ;+ljwfgsf] k|f/lDes d;f}bf dfly 5nkmn hf/L /x\of] .!= cjwf/0ffkqdf pNn]lvt ljz]if clwsf/ cGtu{t blntsf]ljz]ifclwsf/ ;DaGwdf kl/dfh{g u/L ;ldltdf k]z ug]{ / ;fy}k|f/lDes d:of}bf dfly 5nkmn hf/L /x\of] .!= cjwf/0ffkq ;lxtsf] k|f/lDes d:of}bf cGtu{t k|:tfjgf,kl/efiff, /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf / /fHozlQmsf] :j?k / g]kfnsf];+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds :j?kdf x'g] /fhgLlts ;+/rgfdfdf) ;b:ox?n] JoQm ug'{ ePsf ljrf/sf cfwf/df d:of}bfnfO{kl/dfh{g u/L ;ldltdf k]z ug]{ lg0f{o u¥of] .!= ljz]if clwsf/ cGtu{t blnt / dlxnf clwsf/sf] k|f/lDesd:of}bfdf / ;ldltdf k|f/lDes d:of}bfdf 5nkmn eO{ df);b:ox?sf] JoQm u/]sf wf/0ff ;d]tsf cfwf/df kl/dflh{td:of}bf dfly 5nkmn k|f/De eof] .!= k|f/lDes d:of}bfdf 5nkmn eO{ ljz]if clwsf/ cGtu{t blnt /dlxnf clwsf/sf] k|f/lDes d:of}bfdf 5nkmn eof] .!= ;ldltdf k|f/lDes d:of}bfdf 5nkmn eO{ df) ;b:ox?n] JoQmu/]sf wf/0ff ;d]tsf cfwf/df kl/dflh{t d:of}bf dfly 5nkmneof] .

34. @)^^.*.!% != ;ldltdf k|f/lDes d:of}bfdf 5nkmn eO{ df) ;b:ox?n]JoQm u/]sf wf/0ff ;d]tsf cfwf/df ;lrjfnon] tof/u/]sf] kl/dflh{t d:of}bf dfly 5nkmn x'g] .@= k|b]zsf] ;+Vof, l;dfgf / gfdfs/0f ;DaGwdf k|f/lDes5nkmn x'g] .35. @)^^.*.@) != ;ldltdf k|f/lDes d:of}bfdf 5nkmn eO{ df) ;b:ox?n]JoQm u/]sf wf/0ff ;d]tsf cfwf/df ;lrjfnon] tof/u/]sf] kl/dflh{t d:of}bf dfly 5nkmn x'g] .@= k|b]zsf] ;+Vof, l;dfgf / gfdfs/0f ;DaGwdf k|f/lDes5nkmn x'g] .!= ;ldltdf k|f/lDes d:of}bfdf 5nkmn eO{ df) ;b:ox?n] JoQmu/]sf wf/0ff ;d]tsf cfwf/df kl/dflh{t d:of}bf dfly 5nkmneof] .!= ;ldltdf k|f/lDes d:of}bfdf df) ;b:ox?n] JoQm u/]sf wf/0ff;d]tsf cfwf/df ;lrjfnon] tof/ u/]sf] kl/dflh{t d:of}bf /k|b]zsf] ;+Vof, l;dfgf / gfdfs/0f ;DaGwdf k|f/lDes 5nkmneof] .36. @)^^.*.@@ != ;ldltdf k|f/lDes d:of}bfdf 5nkmn eO{ df) ;b:ox?n]JoQm u/]sf wf/0ff ;d]tsf cfwf/df ;lrjfnon] tof/u/]sf] kl/dflh{t d:of}bf dfly 5nkmn x'g] .37. @)^^.*.@# != ;ldltdf df) ;b:ox?n] JoQm u/]sf wf/0ff ;d]tsfcfwf/df ;lrjfnon] tof/ u/]sf] kl/dflh{t d:of}bf dfly5nkmn x'g] .38. @)^^.*.@% != pk;ldltdf 5nkmn ePkl5 tof/ u/]sf] d:of}bf dfly5nkmn x'g] .39. @)^^.*.@( != pk;ldltdf 5nkmn ePkl5 tof/ u/]sf] d:of}bf dfly5nkmn x'g] .98!= ;ldltdf k|f/lDes d:of}bfdf 5nkmn x'bfF df) ;b:ox?n] JoQmu/]sf wf/0ff ;d]tsf cfwf/df ;lrjfnon] tof/ u/]sf] kl/dflh{td:of}bf dfly 5nkmn eof] .!= ;ldltdf k|f/lDes d:of}bfdf 5nkmn x'bfF df) ;b:ox?n] JoQmu/]sf wf/0ff ;d]tsf cfwf/df ;lrjfnon] tof/ u/]sf] kl/dflh{td:of}bf dfly 5nkmn eof] .!= ;ldltdf k|f/lDes d:of}bfdf 5nkmn x'bfF df) ;b:ox?n] JoQmu/]sf wf/0ff ;d]tsf cfwf/df ;lrjfnon] tof/ u/]sf] kl/dflh{td:of}bf dfly 5nkmn eof] .!= ;ldltdf k|f/lDes d:of}bfdf 5nkmn x'bfF df) ;b:ox?n] JoQmu/]sf wf/0ff ;d]tsf cfwf/df ;lrjfnon] tof/ u/]sf] kl/dflh{td:of}bf dfly 5nkmn eof] .!= k|b]zsf] ;+Vof, l;dfgf / gfdfs/0f ;DaGwdf 5nkmn hf/L /xof] .40. @)^^.*.#) != pk;ldltdf 5nkmn ePkl5 tof/ ul/Psf] kl/dflh{td:of}bf dfly 5nkmn x'g] .41. @)^^.(.!$ != k|b]zsf] ;+Vof, l;dfgf / gfdfs/0f ;DaGwdf 5nkmn x'g] . != k|b]zsf] ;+Vof, l;dfgf / gfdfs/0f ;DaGwdf 5nkmn hf/L /xof] .42. @)^^.(.!^ != k|b]zsf] ;+Vof, l;dfgf / gfdfs/0f ;DaGwdf 5nkmn x'g] . != k|b]zsf] ;+Vof, l;dfgf / gfdfs/0f ;DaGwdf 5nkmn hf/L /xof] .43. @)^^.(.@@ != ;ldltsf] a}7sn] kl/dfh{gsf nflu lhDdf lbPsf] d:of}bfsf] != ;ldltsf] a}7sn] kl/dfh{gsf nflu lhDdf lbPsf] d:of}bfsf] wf/fwf/f * sf] pkwf/f -#_, -%_, -^_, -*_, -(_, -!)_ / wf/f !) * sf] pkwf/f -#_, -%_, -^_, -*_, -(_, -!)_ / wf/f !) sf] ;a}sf] ;a} pkwf/fx?sf] ;DaGwdf 5nkmn x'g] .pkwf/fx?df 5nkmn u/L kl/dfh{g ;lxt ;ldltdf k]z ug]{ lg0f{o44. @)^^.(.@$ != k|b]zsf] ;+Vof, l;dfgf / gfdfs/0f ;DaGwdf 5nkmn x'g] .@= d:of}bfsf] wf/f !! df ;ldltsf] a}7sdf df) ;ef;bx?n]eof] .!= ;ldltsf] a}7sn] kl/dfh{gsf nflu lhDdf lbPsf] d:of}bfsf] wf/f!! df 5nkmn u/L kl/dfh{g ;lxt ;ldltdf k]z ug]{ lg0f{o eof] .

JoQm ug'{ ePsf ljrf/ ;d]tsf cfwf/df kl/dfh{gsf nflu5nkmn x'g] .45. @)^^.(.@( != d:of}bfsf] JofVofTds l6Kk0fLdf kl/dfh{g ug]{ .@= cjwf/0ffkq / d:of}bfdf Ps?ktf sfod ug'{kg]{ ljifox?sf]6'Ëf] nufpg] .#= k|b]zsf] ;+Vof l;dfgf / gfdfs/0f ;DaGwL k|ltj]bgdf5nkmn x'g] .$= cg';"rLdf /fVg] ljifox? 6'Ëf] nufpg] .46. @)^^.(.#) != d:of}bfsf] JofVofTds l6Kk0fLdf kl/dfh{g ug]{ .@= cjwf/0ffkq / d:of}bfdf Ps?ktf sfod ug'{kg]{ ljifox?sf]6'Ëf] nufpg] .#= k|b]zsf] ;+Vof l;dfgf / gfdfs/0f ;DaGwL k|ltj]bgdf5nkmn x'g] .$= cg';"rLdf /fVg] ljifox? 6'Ëf] nufpg] .47. @)^^.!).! != k|b]z cGtu{t /xg] :jfoQ If]q / /fhg}lts cu|flwsf/sf];DaGwdf 5nkmn x'g] .48. @)^^.!).# != /fhg}lts cu|flwsf/, :jfoQ If]qsf] :yfkgf / ljz]if clwsf/cGtu{t dw]zL ;d'bfosf] clwsf/sf] ;DaGwdf 5nkmn x'g] .49. @)^^.!).% != /fhg}lts cu|flwsf/, :jfoQ If]qsf] :yfkgf / ljz]if clwsf/cGtu{t dw]zL ;d'bfosf] clwsf/sf] ;DaGwdf 5nkmn x'g] .!= d:of}bfsf] JofVofTds l6Kk0fL, cjwf/0ffkq / d:of}bfdf Ps?ktfsfod ug'{ kg]{ ljifox?, k|b]zsf] ;+Vof l;dfgf / gfdfs/0fsf ;fy}cg';"rLdf /fVg] ljifox?df 5nkmn k|f/De eof] .!= d:of}bfsf] JofVofTds l6Kk0fL, cjwf/0ffkq / d:of}bfdf Ps?ktfsfod ug'{ kg]{ ljifox?, k|b]zsf] ;+Vof, l;dfgf / gfdfs/0fsf ;fy}cg';"rLdf /fVg] ljifox?df 5nkmn u/L ;ldltdf k|ltj]bg k]zug]{ lg0f{o eof] .!= ;ldltsf] ldlt @)^^.%.( ut]sf] a}7ssf] lg0f{o cg';f/ cl7tpk;ldltnfO{ ldlt @)^^.^.$ sf] ;ldltsf] lg0f{oaf6 lhDd]jf/LlbP adf]lhd k|:tfljt k|b]zsf] ;+Vof, ;Ldfgf / gfds/0f;DaGwdf @ j6f k|:tfj4 ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bgdf ;dfj]z ug]{ u/Lpk;ldltn] lg0f{o u/] cg'?k k|b]zsf] ;+Vof, ;Ldf / gfd ;DaGwLgSzf / cGo ljj/0f cg';"rLdf ;+nUg ul/Psf] 5 .@= k|ltj]bgdf /x]sf a'bfF g+= $ cWoogsf] ;Ldf, a'bfF g+= % ;LdfÍgsfcfwf/ / ljwLx?, /fhwfgL / /fo ;'emfjsf a'bfFx?df df) >L hok|sfz k|;fb u'Ktfsf] u+eL/ c;xdlt /x]sf] 5 .!= /fhg}lts cu|flwsf/, :jfoQ If]qsf] :yfkgf / ljz]if clwsf/cGtu{t dw]zL ;d'bfosf] clwsf/sf] ;DaGwdf 5nkmn hf/L /Xof].!= /fhg}lts cu|flwsf/, :jfoQ If]qsf] :yfkgf / ljz]if clwsf/cGtu{t dw]zL ;d'bfosf] clwsf/sf] ;DaGwdf 5nkmn hf/L /Xof].99

cg';"rL - 4;+ljwfg;ef ;lrjfnol;=g+= kb >]0fL ;]jf÷;d"x gfd, y/ s}lkmot1. sfo{afxs dxf;lrj ljlzi6 ;+;b >L dgf]x/ k|;fb e§/fO{2. ;lrj ljlzi6 ;+;b >L s[i0f k|;fb kf08];ldltsf] ;lrjfnodf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?sf] gfdfjnLl;=g+= kb >]0fL ;]jf÷;d"x gfd, y/ s}lkmot3. ;x–;lrj /f=k=k| ;+;b÷k|zf;g >L 7fs'/ k|;fb a/fn ;ldltsf] ;lrj4. pk–;lrj /f=k=lå ;+;b÷k|zf;g >L d'/f/L dxt Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;lrjfno5. pk–;lrj /f=k=lå Gofo÷sfg"g >L Clif /fhe08f/L /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]uaf6 sfh6. pk–;lrj /f=k=lå Gofo÷;/sf/L jlsn >L ;+hLj /fh /]UdL dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{noaf6 sfh7. pk–;lrj /f=k=lå ;+;b÷k|zf;g >L ;'/h s'df/ b'/f Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;lrjfno8. zfvf clws[t /f=k=t[= k|zf;g >L wd{/fh 9'Ëfgf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnoaf6 sfh9. gf=;'= /f=k=cg+=k| k|zf;g >L lji0f' k|;fb cfrfo{ ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnoaf6 sfh10. sDKo'6/ ck/]6/ /f=k=cg+=k| ljljw >L ls/0f /fhynf ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnoaf6 sfh11. sDKo'6/ ck/]6/ /f=k=cg+=k| ;+;b÷sDKo'6/ >L /flhj cfrfo{ Joj:yflksf ;+;b ;lrjfno12. n]=k=c= /f=k=cg+=k| k|zf;g >L k'ik xl/ kf}8]n ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnoaf6 sfh13. 6f=gf=;'= /f=k=cg+=k| ;+;b÷k|zf;g >L ;fg' sfhL Jo~hgsf/ Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;lrjfno14. 6]=;= /f=k=cg+=k| ;+;b÷k|zf;g >L af;'gfy >]i7 Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;lrjfno15. vl/bf/ /f=k=cg+=lå ;+;b÷k|zf;g >L pHHjn/fh kGyL Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;lrjfno16. sf=;= >]0fL lalxg ;+;b÷k|zf;g >L /fh axfb'/ a:g]t Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;lrjfno17. sf=;= >]0fL lalxg k|zf;g >L k|]d s'df/L 7s'/L ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnoaf6 sfh18. x=;=rf= x=;=rf=t[tLo ;+;b /fh]Gb| dxh{g Jojf:yflksf ;+;b ;lrjfno;ldltsf] ;lrjfnodf sfo{/t GIS lj1x?sf] gfdfjnLl;=g+= kb >]0fL ;]jf÷;d"x gfd, y/ s}lkmot1. pk–k|fWofks >L k'ikf zdf{ lqe'jg ljZjljBfno2. pk–k|fWofks >L dfwj clwsf/L u|fld0f cfb{z SofDk;, afnfh'3. gfkL clws[t /f=k=t[= Ol~hlgol/Ë÷;j]{ >L gj/fh ;'j]bL gfkL ljefud'b|0f tkm{sf ;xof]uL sd{rf/Lx?l;=g+= kb >]0fL ;]jf÷;d"x gfd, y/ s}lkmot1. k|d'v d'b|0f clws[t /f=k=lå= ;+;b÷d'b|0f >L k'ikd'lg ah|frfo{ Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;lrjfno2. d'b|0f clws[t /f=k=t[= ;+;b÷d'b|0f >L k|]dnfn tG8'sf/ Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;lrjfno3. d'b|0f clws[t /f=k=t[= ;+;b÷d'b|0f >L hulbZj/nfn >]i7 Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;lrjfno4. d'b|0f clws[t /f=k=t[= ;+;b÷d'b|0f >L ;fu/s'df/ t'nfw/ Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;lrjfno5. l;=k|]=6]= /f=k=cg+=k| ;+;b÷d'b|0f >L lbksk|;fb Gof}kfg] Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;lrjfno6. l;=k|]=6]= /f=k=cg+=k| ;+;b÷d'b|0f >L ulDe/dfg l;+x Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;lrjfno7. k|]=6]= /f=k=cg+=t[ ;+;b÷d'b|0f >L /fh]Gb|k|;fb nfld5fg] Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;lrjfno8. k|]=6]= /f=k=cg+=t[ ;+;b÷d'b|0f >L k|]daxfb'/ rGb Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;lrjfno9. sf=;= >]0fL lalxg ;+;b÷d'b|0f >L dbg lu/L Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;lrjfno100

l;=g+=pk ;ldlt÷sfo{bnu7g ldltcg';"rL - 5ljleGg ldltdf u7g ul/Psf pk ;ldlt÷sfo{bndf /xg' ePsfdf) ;b:ox?sf] gfdfjnL / pk;ldltsf k|ltj]bgx?! @)^%.(.( df= >L d+unl;l4 dfgGw/ — ;+of]hsdf= >L g/x/L cfrfo{df= >L lgnd s]=;L= -v8\sf_df= >L k|ltef /f0ffdf= >L /fds'df/ zdf{df= >L ;j{b]j k|;fb cf]emfdf= >L lxtdfg zfSo@df) ;b:osf] gfdfjnL sfo{If]q sfo{fjlw@)^%.!).@& df= >L d+unl;l4 dfgGw/ — ;+of]hsdf= >L g/x/L cfrfo{df= >L k|ltef /f0ffdf= >L /fds'df/ zdf{df= >L nSsL z]kf{df= >L ljZjeQm b'nfndf= >L ;j{b]j k|;fb cf]emf# @)^%.!@.@( df= >L rGb|b]j hf]zL — ;+of]hsdf= >L clgn s'df/ emfdf= >L cf/h' /f0ff b]pjfdf= >L cf]g;/L 3lt{ du/df= >L g/x/L cfrfo{df= >L gf/fo0f dfg ljh'S5]df= >L lgnd s]=;L= -v8sf_df= >L k|ltef /f0ffdf= >L j'4/Tg dfgGw/df= >L d+unl;l4 dfgGw/df= >L /fds'df/ zdf{df= >L ljZjeQm b'nfndf= >L z+s/ kf]v/]ndf= >L ;Gt jxfb'/ g]kfnLdf= >L ;j{b]j k|;fb cf]emfdf= >L lxtdfg zfSo$ @)^%.!@.@( != df) 8f= d+unl;l4 dfgGw/ —;+of]hsdf) >L cf]g;/L 3lt{du/df) >L ;Gtaxfb'/ g]kfnL@)^%.!@.@( @= df) >L g/xl/ cfrfo{ — ;+of]hsdf) >L ;j{b]j cf]emfdf) >L gf/fo0fdfg ljh'S5]@)^%.!@.@( #= df) >L lxtdfg zfSo — ;+of]hsdf) 8f= cf/h' /f0ff b]pjfdf) >L /fds'df/ zdf{@)^%.!@.@( $= df) >L ljZjeQm b'nfn —;+of]hsdf) >L k|ltef /f0ffdf) >L lgnd s]=;L -v8\sf_@)^%.!@.@( %= df) >L z+s/ kf]v|]n — ;+of]hsdf) >L a'4/Tg dfgGw/df) >L clgn s'df/ emf% @)^^.!.!* df) 8f= d+unl;l4 dfgGw/ —;+of]hsdf) >L g/xl/ cfrfo{101;ldltsf] sfo{tflnsf tyf sfo{ljj/0f lgdf{0f ug]{pk;ldlt .hgtfsf] /fo ;'emfj;+sng ug]{k|of]hgsf nfluk|ZgfjnL tof/ ug]{pk;ldlt .;ldltsf] sfo{ If]qleq kg]{cjwf/0ffkqsf]a'bfFx? tof/ u/Lk|f/lDes d:of}bftof/ ug]{ pk;ldlt .kl/R5]b ! / % sf]cjwf/0ffkqsf]d:of}bf tof/ ug{]sfo{bn .kl/R5]b @ / # sf]cjwf/0ffkqsf]d:of}bf tof/ ug{]sfo{bn .kl/R5]b ^ / & sf]cjwf/0ffkqsf]d:of}bf tof/ ug{]sfo{bn .kl/R5]b * / ( sf]cjwf/0ffkqsf]d:of}bf tof/ ug{]sfo{bn .kl/R5]b $ sf]cjwf/0ffkqsf]d:of}bf tof/ ug{]sfo{bn .sfo{bnn] tof/ u/]sf]cjwf/0ffkqsf]d:of}bfdf /xg' kg]{k|ltj]bg k]zu/]sf] ldlt# lbg @)^%.(.!## lbg @)^%.!).@(!* lbg @)^^.!.^# lbg @)^^.!.%ÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆ$ lbg @)^^.!.@@s}lkmot