NUTRITION INFANCY AND CHILDREN - University of Pretoria
NUTRITION INFANCY AND CHILDREN - University of Pretoria NUTRITION INFANCY AND CHILDREN - University of Pretoria
INFANCY AND CHILDREN 6 _____________________________________________________________________________ QUESTIONS ANSWERS Give a differential diagnosis of a tender lump(s) in the breast(s) during lactation. What advice can be given to a mother who says: ‘I have not got enough milk to feed my baby, but I want to breastfeed’? Is it possible for a woman with breast prostheses to breastfeed? Motivate your answer. The extent to which an infant is exposed to medication is affected by: 3. BOTTLE-FEEDING Blocked duct Mastitis Abscess Rest a lot. Drink 6-8 glasses of water per day. The baby must stimulate the breast to increase the milk production. Diet (dairy products). Eglonyl (Sulpiride) Barley Green Milk stout (Vit B) Yes. Less milk Possible to breastfeed with extra formula feed. Motivated Determined to succeed. The rate of absorption into maternal circulation Diffusion from maternal circulation to breast milk Absorption of the agent by the infant. Breast milk is the best for babies, but if mothers cannot or do not want to breastfeed, it is important that they use an infant formula that closely resembles breast milk. However, not every baby has exactly the same needs. A range of infant formulas are available which satisfies 99% of the nutritional requirements of babies at different stages of development. Available infant formulae: • S26, NAN, SMA, Similac PM 60/40, Similac with iron (for the normal non-allergic infant). • Infasoy or Lactogen 1 or 2 for the infant with cow’s milk intolerance symptoms. • Infasoy 2 for milk-free nutrition for infants 6 months and older. • Infagro – a follow-on formula for the weaning child of 6 months and older. • Progress – milk for children from 1 year onwards. • Cow's milk - for the infant from 1 year onwards. Copyright © University of Pretoria
INFANCY AND CHILDREN 7 _____________________________________________________________________________ BIRTH S26 NAN SMA 4 months S26 NAN SMA 6 months 12 months 18 months 2 years 3 years 4 years Similac S26 NAN SMA Similac QUESTIONS ANSWERS Which 1 of the following is true of infant formula in comparison to breast milk? Which 1 of the following is unlikely to decrease the rate of transmission of the human deficiency virus? 4. FLUIDS & MILK: Infasoy Lactogen 1 Infasoy Lactogen 2 Infagro Infasoy Lactogen 2 Infagro Infasoy Lactogen 2 Infagro Infasoy Lactogen 2 Infasoy Lactogen 2 Infasoy Lactogen 2 Infasoy Lactogen 2 Infasoy 2 It has less calcium. It has less phosphorus. It has more iron. It has less protein. It has taurine. Banking of human milk. Use of antiretrovirals. Early weaning. Use of vitamin E supplements. Exclusive formula feeding. Infants 0-4 months: � Only give breast milk or formula milk. � These babies do not need extra water if breastfed, but need to be breastfed on demand. � If they are bottle-fed, bottle feeds should be given at least every 4 hours - they can be given extra cooled boiled water on very hot days. � Formula feed: 1 scoop of milk per 25 ml of boiled cooled water. � The average intake from 1 week of age until the infant is weaned is about 150 ml/kg/day. � No cow's milk should be given before the age of 1 year (the renal load is too high and it leads to iron-deficiency anaemia). Copyright © University of Pretoria Infasoy 2 Progress Cow's milk Infasoy 2 Progress Cow's milk Infasoy 2 Progress Cow's milk Infasoy 2 Progress Cow's milk Infasoy 2 Progress Cow's milk
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<strong>INFANCY</strong> <strong>AND</strong> <strong>CHILDREN</strong><br />
7<br />
_____________________________________________________________________________<br />
BIRTH S26<br />
NAN<br />
SMA<br />
4 months S26<br />
NAN<br />
SMA<br />
6<br />
months<br />
12<br />
months<br />
18<br />
months<br />
2<br />
years<br />
3<br />
years<br />
4<br />
years<br />
Similac<br />
S26<br />
NAN<br />
SMA<br />
Similac<br />
QUESTIONS ANSWERS<br />
Which 1 <strong>of</strong> the following is true <strong>of</strong> infant<br />
formula in comparison to breast milk?<br />
Which 1 <strong>of</strong> the following is unlikely to<br />
decrease the rate <strong>of</strong> transmission <strong>of</strong> the<br />
human deficiency virus?<br />
4. FLUIDS & MILK:<br />
Infasoy<br />
Lactogen 1<br />
Infasoy<br />
Lactogen 2<br />
Infagro Infasoy<br />
Lactogen 2<br />
Infagro Infasoy<br />
Lactogen 2<br />
Infagro Infasoy<br />
Lactogen 2<br />
Infasoy<br />
Lactogen 2<br />
Infasoy<br />
Lactogen 2<br />
Infasoy<br />
Lactogen 2<br />
Infasoy 2<br />
It has less calcium.<br />
It has less phosphorus.<br />
It has more iron.<br />
It has less protein.<br />
It has taurine.<br />
Banking <strong>of</strong> human milk.<br />
Use <strong>of</strong> antiretrovirals.<br />
Early weaning.<br />
Use <strong>of</strong> vitamin E supplements.<br />
Exclusive formula feeding.<br />
Infants 0-4 months:<br />
� Only give breast milk or formula milk.<br />
� These babies do not need extra water if breastfed, but need to be breastfed on<br />
demand.<br />
� If they are bottle-fed, bottle feeds should be given at least every 4 hours - they can be<br />
given extra cooled boiled water on very hot days.<br />
� Formula feed: 1 scoop <strong>of</strong> milk per 25 ml <strong>of</strong> boiled cooled water.<br />
� The average intake from 1 week <strong>of</strong> age until the infant is weaned is about 150<br />
ml/kg/day.<br />
� No cow's milk should be given before the age <strong>of</strong> 1 year (the renal load is too high and it<br />
leads to iron-deficiency anaemia).<br />
Copyright © <strong>University</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Pretoria</strong><br />
Infasoy 2 Progress Cow's<br />
milk<br />
Infasoy 2 Progress Cow's<br />
milk<br />
Infasoy 2 Progress Cow's<br />
milk<br />
Infasoy 2 Progress Cow's<br />
milk<br />
Infasoy 2 Progress Cow's<br />
milk
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