Cornea - ARVO

ARVO 2013 Annual Meeting Abstracts by Scientific Section/Group - Corneasessions during which hydrogel contact lenses were fitted to botheyes and a fluorescein solution was applied in one of three ways toone eye only; directly onto the IEL, OEL, or via a liposomal spray tothe closed lid. The lenses were harvested after 20 minutes andexamined using UV spectrophotometry. Differences in UVabsorbance over 400-600nm indicated fluorescein uptake comparedto control lenses.Results: Part 1: A significant change in the lipid layer pattern of thetear film was observed after five minutes for IEL (p=0.007), but notuntil 20 minutes for OEL (p=0.037). Tear film stability decreasedsignificantly within five minutes for IEL application (p=0.010), butnot until 20 min for OEL (p=0.045).Part 2: Contact lenses harvested after IEL application demonstratedsignificantly greater absorbance compared to control lenses(p=0.005). Where fluorescein was applied via spray or OEL, nosignificant difference in absorbance compared to controls wasobserved (p=0.098 and p=0.124, respectively). Comparing theapplication methods, absorbance following IEL was significantlyincreased compared to OEL (p=0.014) and spray (p=0.044).Conclusions: Lipid-based, water-based and liposomal solutions canmigrate across the muco-cutaneous junction when applied in closeproximity to the eye. All three applications studied showed somemigration; however application to the IEL was found to be mosteffective in allowing for migration into the tear film. Application of alipid based solution to the IEL exhibited migration that was 4 timesfaster than OEL application. This has implications for drug deliveryand cosmetic use around the eyelid margins.Commercial Relationships: Christine Purslow, None; ClareConaty, None; Alison Ng, None139 Ocular Surface and Tear FilmSunday, May 05, 2013 1:00 PM-2:45 PMExhibit Hall Poster SessionProgram #/Board # Range: 955-978/B0260-B0283Organizing Section: CorneaProgram Number: 955 Poster Board Number: B0260Presentation Time: 1:00 PM - 2:45 PMTear Film Biomarker Profiling of Subjects with Dry Eye Diseaseby Multiplex AnalysisSuzanne Hagan 1, 2 , Alan Tomlinson 1 , Louise Madden 1 , Anne MarieClark 2 , Katherine M. Oliver 1 . 1 Vision Sciences, Glasgow CaledonianUniversity, Glasgow, United Kingdom; 2 Biological and BiomedicalSciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UnitedKingdom.Purpose: Dry eye disease (DED) is a distressing disorder, commonlyassociated with ageing, contact lens wear and autoimmunesyndromes. It affects 15%-30% of the over-50s in Western and Asianpopulations and is one of the fastest-growing eye problems in thisdemographic. DED is significantly underdiagnosed and no “goldstandard” currently exists for its clinical diagnosis. Recent Multiplexstudies of tear fluids from DED subjects have implicatedinflammatory cytokines in this disorder. In this study, we investigatedtear fluids from DED and normal subjects for a panel of cytokinesusing the multiplex bead assay.Methods: This study comprised 15 DED subjects (3 males, 12females) and 20 healthy controls (2 males, 18 females). All subjectsprovided informed consent and the study adhered to the Declarationof Helsinki tenets. Tear samples were collected from the externalcanthus of open eyes, avoiding additional tear reflex. Glassmicrocaps were used to collect 1μl tears. Samples were diluted 1:50and stored at -80C until use. Tear cytokine levels were determinedwith a multiplex bead assay (R and D Systems) and quantified usinga Luminex IS200. Briefly, tear samples were incubated with specificantibody-coated beads for 3h. Washed beads were then incubatedwith biotin-labelled secondary antibodies, followed by a streptavidin-PE incubation. Standard curves of known cytokine concentrationswere used to calculate protein concentrations and data underwentanalysis by an in-house statistician.Results: Detectable levels of IL-8 (> 4.05pg/ml) were observed in12/15 DED subjects (mean 23.1pg/ml) and 16/19 normals (mean20.6pg/ml). Some variation in IL-8 levels was noted in DED subjects(4.9-83.8pg/ml), but a trend for increased IL8 in DED subjects wasobserved, compared to normals. Moreover, detectable levels of all 7inflammatory proteins (IL1β, IL2, IL6, IL8, IL17, TNF-α and IFN-γ)were observed in 2 DED subjects, a result not observed in normals.Conclusions: Increased IL8 levels in DED suggests a function inocular surface inflammation. This data confirms previous Multiplexbead studies, indicating a role for IL8 in DED. Further studies mayalso shed light on roles for the other 6 cytokines detected in 2 DEDsubjects. Moreover, this technology appears to be sensitive enough todetect low abundance proteins in minute sample sizes and thereforemay be useful in screening tear fluids for potential biomarkers ofDED.Commercial Relationships: Suzanne Hagan, Allergan (F); AlanTomlinson, Allergan (E), Allergan (R), Bausch and Lomb (C),TearLab (C), TearLab (I), Alcon, CibaVision (C), Pfizer (R), Pfizer(C); Louise Madden, None; Anne Marie Clark, None; KatherineM. Oliver, Allergan (F)Program Number: 956 Poster Board Number: B0261Presentation Time: 1:00 PM - 2:45 PMDouble rows of meibomian gland orifices observed by noninvasiveinfrared meibographyRika Shirakawa 1 , Reiko Arita 1, 2 , Shima Fukuoka 1, 3 , SatoshiYamamoto 4 , Kaori Yonehara 4 , Tsuyoshi Haraguchi 4 , Shiro Amano 1 .1 Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;2 Ophthalmology, Itoh Clinic, Tokyo, Japan; 3 Ophthalmology, ToyoKyosai Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; 4 Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.Purpose: Multiple rows of meibomian gland orifices (MGOs), whichwere first reported in 1992 by Hykin and Bron, exist mainly in theupper eyelids of young people. Little is known about the morphologyof the meibomian glands and their influences on the ocular surface.We observed lid margins and meibomian glands in healthy youngadults to explore the incidence, morphology and function of doublerows of MGOs.Methods: Subjects were consecutive cases of healthy malevolunteers under 36 years of age. After obtaining written consent, wemeasured the width of the eyelid, counted the number of MGOs inthe upper and lower eyelids, obtained a fluorescein staining score,tear break-up time (BUT), meibum expressibility grade, tearmeniscus height under the slit-lamp microscopy, and performed aSchirmer tear production test. We also recorded images ofmeibomian glands by non-invasive infrared meibography, whichwere later reviewed to count the number of meibomian glands in eachlid. We scored a meiboscore (grade 0-3) according to the ratio of thearea of missing glands. “Double rows” were defined where more than4 orifices were aligned in a second row distinctly separate from theprimary row. This study was approved by the institutional reviewboard of University of Tokyo School of Medicine, and adhered to thetenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.Results: We examined 35 eyes of 35 people (all male, average age28.9±2.8). We observed double rows of MGOs in the upper eyelidsof 10 eyes (28.5%), whereas none (0%) were observed in the lowereyelids. Comparing between the double rows group (n=10) and the©2013, Copyright by the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc., all rights reserved. Go to iovs.org to access the version of record. For permissionto reproduce any abstract, contact the ARVO Office at arvo@arvo.org.