Cornea - ARVO

ARVO 2013 Annual Meeting Abstracts by Scientific Section/Group - Corneapresent and functional in the lacrimal gland, if they exhibit sexspecificdifferences, and if a DHA-rich diet can confer protectiveactions against DE developmentMethods: DE was induced using a model of desiccating stress andscopolamine. Mice were placed on a DHA-rich or DHA-deficient dietfor 4 weeks before DE induction. Schirmer’s test was used to assesstear levels. PMN levels were quantified using myeloperoxidase assay,lipid mediator formation by LC/MS/MS-based lipidomics, and geneexpression via QPCR. Leukocyte populations were assessed by IHCResults: Lacrimal glands highly express inflammatory lipid circuits(COX, 15-LOX), which are regulated by desiccating stress. Femalemice exhibited an amplified inflammatory response compared tomales, evidenced by a marked early infiltration of PMNs, increasedpro-inflammatory PGE2, and decreased pro-resolving LXA4. Micethat received the DHA-rich diet had higher tear production (0.9mm)compared to their DHA-poor diet counterparts (0.3mm), suggestinggreater protection against desiccating stress. DHA-rich micecontained greater levels of DHA and EPA, and lower levels of ω-6PUFA AA. Levels of PGE2 were downregulated 2.4-fold and proresolvinglipid mediators were upregulated in mice on the enrichedDHA dietConclusions: These results provide the first evidence that lipidautacoid circuits are expressed and functional in vivo in lacrimalglands. There is a sex-specific difference in the inflammatoryresponse to desiccating stress. Dietary DHA in females shifts levelsof lipid mediators to resemble males and may confer protectionagainst disease progression by downregulating the immuneregulatory COX/PGE2 pathway, a primary target of corticosteroidsand NSAIDsCommercial Relationships: Kyle M. Hu, None; Samantha B.Wang, None; Erick Lu, None; Patrick J. Salveson, None; YuanGao, None; Karsten Gronert, NoneSupport: EY022208 and Sjogren's Syndrome FoundationProgram Number: 4345 Poster Board Number: C0083Presentation Time: 8:30 AM - 10:15 AMAnalysis of Electrolyte Composition of Precorneal Tear Film inNormal Dogs and Horses and its Comparative Values in Serumand PlasmaGil Ben-Shlomo, LaTisha N. Taylor. Veterinary Clinical Sciences,College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA.Purpose: Serum and plasma are being used for the treatment ofseveral eye diseases including keratomalacia and Keratoconjunctivitissicca. The goals of this study was to analyze the electrolyte contentfound in equine and canine tears and compare it to the electrolytesfound in serum and plasma obtained by utilizing two differentanticoagulants.Methods: Nine horses (17 eyes) and 9 dogs (18 eyes) were used inthis study. An eye examination including slit lamp biomicroscopy,fundoscopy, and Schirmer tear test (STT) was performed. All eyeswere free of ocular disease. All horses were sedated with 0.5 mg/kgof xylazine (Lloyd Laboratories, Shenandoah, IA) intravenously. Nochemical restraint was needed for the dogs. Tears and blood werecollected from all animals. Blood was collected for serum in tubeswith no anticoagulants; plasma was made by using two differentanticoagulants: Citrate Phosphate Dextrose (CPD) and heparin.Results: Most of the electrolyte values in tears were statisticallydifferent than electrolyte values in serum and plasma in both dogsand horses. In both species, potassium and chloride levels weresignificantly (P