STRUCPURE OF THE INDUSTRY 255TABLE 69.-TwenCy-Jfve leading copper-producing mines in the United <strong>State</strong>s in 1968, o~der <strong>of</strong> out#4b6r8Dlo11n13141616111819102122232426ley Bert&?).. . .sun hwl .................. Old Hat ..................... <strong>Arizona</strong> ........... Magma Cogper Co ....-......-.-Chino ........................ Central ..................... New Medm ...... Kenoeoott op Cor~ .......--CopperQw-LavenderPIt.. Warren (Blake)............llrlrom ........... Phel ~~dgs&& .....---..--- Do.N~W cam. ............... ............................. do ..................~ apity ...................... 2.8 ........................... copper, gold+~ver ores.insrsl Creak (Ray)............do ............. Kemwtt Copper Cow ......--- Copw~te ~lne ................... LA& su or ............... ~~chlsan ......... ~ ~ Pine t e ....-..--.%.""copper compiration ................... GlobG ............... Arlrom ...--...... mpirstion Consolidated Cop Do.Ydngton .................... Yeringtan ................... Nevada ........... ~eA%onda~om y ....... Do.Llwy Pit ................... RobiasOn (Ely)..................do ............. gennerntt CopF cT ......... Do.Mianlon ...................... P h ........................ &horn ........... A~ll~ll(~~.Srneltmgan R e W Do.Co.ES per- ...................... do ............................ do ............. Dud Sulphor & Potssh Corn- Do.my.silver Bell .................... Silver Bell .................. .do ......-...... A m Srneltlw <strong>and</strong> Refln- Do.ug GO.Capper Cltlrs ................ OlobMLami. ................... do ............. Termassee Cor8 ._..............DO.Plma ......................... PLma ............................. do ............. P h Mining o ............... DO.Ma- ....................... Pioneer (Suprior).. ........-.-.. do .....-......- M- Co w Co .............. Copper, goldIlver ores.Co perhill .................... Polk County ................ Ten- ......... ~enwsw &ppr co ........... Copper-zino ore.c9met Q asla, roo ........ Lake soy............... MI cNgsn...~~ .... Calumet & Heoh In0 ........... Copper ore md talW.Bydad ....................... Eweb sgdad) ........... Arirom ........... sagdad co per dorp Copperore.predpltate.3. ,Miad ....................... 0l0be-dlaml .................... do ............. T e n s Eorp ...... l .Pel0 Ye& ................... Plms ............................. doB~nner M CO .............. COP^ me.Daisg ....................... ..... do ............................ do ............. P h Mh&8. .....--........- (I.Ore ab .................... Aahe Comiy ................ North Camlina ... Appslachlan Sddes, kc ....... DO.CopK.Om'TABLE 70.-Principal copper producing corn- such material is necessary, the principal operapaniesin the United <strong>State</strong>s, 1968 tion <strong>of</strong> the dealer consists in accumulating <strong>and</strong>sorting material from smd manufacturers <strong>and</strong>Mine fabricators <strong>and</strong> reselling it in quantities thatCompanyproduction, can be conveniently h<strong>and</strong>led by the brass mills.short tansAmerican Smelting <strong>and</strong> Refining Corn- Ipany ..............................The Aosconda Company ..............Bsndad - Conner - - Corn. -...............Banner Minina Co-:. ........-----.. .<strong>IC</strong>alumet & HGla, Inc .................Duval Sulphur & Potash Co ...........Inspiration Consolidated Copper Co. .--Kennecott Canner Corn ...............A.Magma Copper Co.. .:...............Phelps Dodge Corp ...................Pima Mining Co .....................San Manuel Copper Co ......Tennessee ~orp.-~iarni'E~~~&~ivision.White Pine Copper Co ................Sourm: Amerlrsn Buresu <strong>of</strong> Metal Statistics, 1W.Secondary wpper smelters produce a minorproportion <strong>of</strong> secondary refined copper; theremainder is the product <strong>of</strong> the primary smelten<strong>and</strong> refiners, which use scrap as well asprimary raw materials. The other large group<strong>of</strong> scrap-metal consumers is the brass mills.which use chiefly new scrap generated inmanufacturing articles from new sheet, tube,wire, <strong>and</strong> other brass-mill products. Muchbraswnill scrap passes directly from theeenerators back to the mills from which the:he& <strong>and</strong> other shapes were purchased, withoutbeiue h<strong>and</strong>led bv dealers. Certain auantities<strong>of</strong> b&s-mill sckp customarily move throughdealen, but since little or no preparation <strong>of</strong>-MarketinaMining produces ores that are milled toconcentrates; concentrates are smelted produceimpure blister copper; rehng eliiatesimpurities <strong>and</strong> produces copper conforrmng toestablished specifications; <strong>and</strong> fabr~catmg producessheet, strip, rod, bar, wire, tube, apdshapes. Marketing ,u not a major operationuntil after the refinmg stage; however, 6rmsengaged in only one or more <strong>of</strong> the processesprecedin refining sell theu product m the formmade. !herefore, there are market traqsactionsinvolving or-, concentrates, <strong>and</strong> bhtercopper, as weras refined metal.Ores <strong>and</strong> Concentrates.-The majority <strong>of</strong> thecopper-mining companies in the United <strong>State</strong>s(producing about 25 percent <strong>of</strong> ,the annualoutput) do not have the smelters mth whlch totreat the products <strong>of</strong> their mines. Largecompanies that include smelting in their ,operationsor that are prmardy engaged m thesmelting business either purchase the ores apdconcentrates from these independent companiesor treat them on toll. Thepractice <strong>of</strong> buying<strong>and</strong> treatine ores <strong>and</strong> concentrates or <strong>of</strong> treatingthem on ta in a smelter is known as customsmelting.Purchase <strong>of</strong> ores <strong>and</strong> concentrates is facilitatedby a schedule, that is, a contract betweenthe buyer <strong>and</strong> seller. The sale is atIected by
COPPERTABLE 71.-United<strong>State</strong>s primary copper smelter8-companyAmerican Metal Climax, Inc- .American Smelting & R bing Company ......................Do ...................................................Do ...................................................The Anucaoda Com any .............................~nspiration ~onsoli&ted~~& CO. .........................Kennecott Copper Corp.:N e d <strong>Mines</strong> D o n -...........-..---..-..-. M c Nev ..--...........Chino Minea Division .................................. Hurley, N. Mex J..............Ray Minea Division .................................... Hayden, Arie .................Utah M i Diviion .................................. Garfield, Utah ..............Magma Copper Co.:M a D i n ....................................... Superior h i ...............Ban Manuel Division ................................... Sun Manuel, Aria ..............Phelpa Dodge Refining Corp ................................. Laurel Hill, N.Y. .............Phelps Dodge Corp.:Douglas Reduction Works ...............................Morenci Branch.. .....................................New Cone BranchTennessee Copper Co .......................................LocationCarteret, N.J.. ...............El Paso, Tq ..................Hayden, Aria. ................Tacoma, Wash ................Anaconda, Mont ..............Miami, Ark.. ...............Douglas, Aria .................Morenci, Ariz ..................-..-.-.-----.-.---..---A A .-----.-----..---300,000Copperhill, Tenn ..............Total .............................................................................Calumet & Hecla, Inc.. .................................... Hubbell, Mich. ...............Quincy Mining Co ......................................... Hancock, Mich ................White Pine Copper Co ...................................... White Pine, Mich.. ...........AnnualcapacityShort tons<strong>of</strong> charge168,000420,000360,000600,0001,000,000360,000440, 000400,000400,0001,225,000150,000360,000'200,0001,250,000900, 00090,0008,623,000Tons <strong>of</strong>produel100, 00012,00065,000Tot I .......................................... 1.. ........................... 1 177,000local conditions as well as predeterminedst<strong>and</strong>ards set down by the smelters. Byutilizing this contract as a vehicle to obtainminimum <strong>and</strong> maximum quantities <strong>of</strong> ores <strong>and</strong>concentrates. the custom smelter assures itself<strong>of</strong> a relatively constant source <strong>of</strong> supply.The contract s~ecifies all conditions <strong>of</strong> settlement,such as thi percentage <strong>of</strong> the total met,$to be paid for, the basic smelting charge,penalties for impurities, bonuses for higher grade<strong>and</strong> time <strong>and</strong> rate <strong>of</strong> payment. As a generalpractice, a custom smelter purchases ores orconcentrates outright <strong>and</strong> pays the producer thegoing rate after sampliig <strong>and</strong> analyzing todetermine the metal content. The containedmetals then become the propert <strong>of</strong> the smelter,which reduces, refines, <strong>and</strong> mar g ets them underwhat. it considers the most favorable conditions.Ownership <strong>of</strong> metal recovered from ores orconcentrates treated on a toll basis, is, however,retained by the original producer (miningcompany).Often, although individual items in theschedules <strong>of</strong> individual smelters may vary considerably,the net return to the shipper is muchthe same under the several types <strong>of</strong> contracts.If a seller has a large quantity <strong>of</strong> material thatcan he supplied at a constant rate he willusually obtain a more favorable contract orschedule from the smelter to cover thesetransactions than he will for smaller quantitiesthat are supplied at a less constant rate. Forsmaller shipments, smelters usually maintain apublic or open schedule. Unless the shipper
- Page 1 and 2: I Cbureauof minesinformation circul
- Page 3 and 4: 212 COPPERBeginning in 1945 actual
- Page 5 and 6: 214 COPPERTABLE 42.-Cmsumptiaojprch
- Page 7 and 8: copper are exported. The other lead
- Page 9 and 10: 218 COPPERTABLE 45.-CopperYear(unmn
- Page 11 and 12: 220 COPPERTABLE 46.-CopperOre and c
- Page 13 and 14: ...................................
- Page 15 and 16: 224 COPPERTABLE 47.-Copper(unmnufac
- Page 17 and 18: 226 COPPERTABLE 47.-Copper(unmnujQd
- Page 19 and 20: 228 COPPERTABLE 47.-Copper(unmanufa
- Page 21 and 22: 230 COPPERTABLE 49.-Ezports of imla
- Page 23 and 24: 232 COPPERTABLE 51.-Re$nedcopper ex
- Page 25 and 26: 234 COPPERTABLE 51.-Re$nedcopper ez
- Page 27 and 28: 236 COPPERTABLE 51.-Rejlned copper
- Page 29 and 30: 238 COPPERTABLE 52.-4opperdose alla
- Page 31 and 32: 240 COPPERTABLE 55.-Imports of copp
- Page 33 and 34: 242 COPPER.........................
- Page 35 and 36: 244 COPPERTABLE 58.-Expo~ia of copp
- Page 37 and 38: 246 COPPERTABLE 59.-Ezportsof coppe
- Page 39 and 40: COPPERTABLE 61.-Average yearly oted
- Page 41 and 42: ~ ~250 COPPERTABLE 62.-hks oj coppe
- Page 43 and 44: COPPERTABLE 65.--Gouernment stocks
- Page 45: OPei%tlng CmlPaWTABLE 68.-Principal
- Page 49 and 50: ~~~~ ~~.COPPERFabricating Company:A
- Page 51 and 52: 260 COPPERTABLE 73.-PTimipal seller
- Page 53 and 54: in 1901, but this time a crash was
- Page 55 and 56: 264 COPPERSales of nonferrous and p
- Page 57 and 58: ~ ~COPPERThe company is both an ope
- Page 59 and 60: ~-~~~ ~~ -268 COPPERHecla of Canada
- Page 61 and 62: .~~~ ~~~270 COPPERin mining, proces
- Page 63 and 64: COPPERCom any ContinuedPer&om~dEewE
- Page 65 and 66: 274 COPPERThe company names, addres
- Page 67 and 68: 276 COPPERTABLE 76.-Principal Gover
- Page 69 and 70: 278 OOPPERTABLE 78.-Union aflialion
- Page 71 and 72: TABLE 79.-Twenty-five leading coppe
- Page 73 and 74: 282 COPPERTABLE 80.-Fo~eign copper
- Page 75 and 76: 284 COPPERmerged with Bathhurst Min
- Page 77 and 78: ~.~Mines and plants:The El Teniente
- Page 79 and 80: 288 COPPERXupferhutte Brtel, Bieber
- Page 81 and 82: 2 90 COPPERPlant:This is an electro
- Page 83 and 84: 292 COPPERThe Fornkawa Electric Co.
- Page 85 and 86: ~294 COPPERpriaes a cop er area of
- Page 87 and 88: ~ ~.~.~--~ ~~ ~~.~ -~~,296 COPPERis
- Page 89 and 90: 298 COPPERcoal, and a converter. Bl
- Page 91 and 92: 300 COPPERYearTABLE 81.-Employee an
- Page 93 and 94: 302 COPPERThe average wage per man-
- Page 95 and 96: 304 COPPERTABLE 85.-ProdUOtivity da
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CHAPTER 9.-RESEARCHResearch and dev
- Page 99 and 100:
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 309iIi Im
- Page 101 and 102:
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 311Copper
- Page 103 and 104:
CHAPTER 10.-LEGISLATION AND GOVERNM
- Page 105 and 106:
TARLE 87.-Ratesof duty under Tariff
- Page 107 and 108:
1/1/48 Pound, mom ...............WE
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LEGISLATION AND GOVBENMENT PROGRAMS
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LEGISLATION AND GOVERNMENT PROGRM52
- Page 113 and 114:
LEGPSLATION AND GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS
- Page 115 and 116:
LEGISLATION AND GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS
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328 COPPERmandatory priority contro
- Page 119 and 120:
330 COPPERthree most basic and crit
- Page 121 and 122:
332 COPPERextend for 2% years. The
- Page 123 and 124:
TABLE 89.-Contractsfor expansion an
- Page 125 and 126:
336 COPPER24, OPS exempted from pri
- Page 127 and 128:
338 COPPERis additional to the stra
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Bureauof D~mobiliratio~r, Civilian