8 PrefaceNOTES1 There is one Sacred Order <strong>of</strong> Deacons. Some deacons, who are in transition to ordinationto <strong>the</strong> priesthood, usually exercise <strong>the</strong> Order <strong>of</strong> Deacons <strong>for</strong> a brief period <strong>of</strong> time.The vast majority <strong>of</strong> deacons live <strong>and</strong> exercise it, however, as a permanent rank <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>hierarchy in both <strong>the</strong> Latin <strong>and</strong> Eastern Catholic Churches. This <strong>Directory</strong> addresses only<strong>the</strong> <strong>for</strong>mation, ministry, <strong>and</strong> life <strong>of</strong> permanent deacons.In 1995, as authorized by <strong>the</strong> General Secretary <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>National</strong> Conference <strong>of</strong> CatholicBishops, <strong>the</strong> word “permanent” was discontinued in <strong>the</strong> title <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bishops’ committee, in<strong>the</strong> <strong>National</strong> Conference <strong>of</strong> Catholic Bishops’ Secretariat <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> Diaconate, <strong>and</strong> in itscommuniqués. In this text, <strong>the</strong>re<strong>for</strong>e, <strong>the</strong> word “permanent” is not used unless it is containedin a specific quotation or in <strong>the</strong> title or committee <strong>of</strong> a publication. When <strong>the</strong> word“diaconate” is mentioned in this text, it refers to those who seek to be or are ordained permanentdeacons.In 2001, <strong>the</strong> <strong>National</strong> Conference <strong>of</strong> Catholic Bishops, <strong>the</strong> “canonical entity,” <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>United States Catholic Conference, <strong>the</strong> “<strong>the</strong> civil entity,” were canonically <strong>and</strong> civillyreconstituted as <strong>the</strong> United States Conference <strong>of</strong> Catholic Bishops. This reconstitutedentity is implied in this document except in those circumstances where <strong>the</strong> text requiresreference to <strong>the</strong> previous nomenclatures.2 Extraordinary Synod <strong>of</strong> Bishops, Final Report, Ecclesia Sub Verbo Dei Mysteria ChristiCelebrans Pro Salute Mundi (December 7, 1995).3 LG, no. 1.4 CCC, no. 738.5 Ibid., no. 849.6 Second Vatican Council, Decree on <strong>the</strong> Missionary Activity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Church (Ad GentesDivinitus) (AGD) (December 7, 1965) (Washington, D.C.: United States CatholicConference, 1965), nos. 15-16.7 CCC, no. 776. Cf. LG, nos. 9-17, 48; GS, nos. 1-3, 26-30, 32, 45.8 LG, no. 24. Cf. Acts 1:17, 25; 21:19; Rom 11:13; 1 Tm 1:12; Pope John Paul II, Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation, The Vocation <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> Mission <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lay Faithful in <strong>the</strong>Church <strong>and</strong> in <strong>the</strong> World (Christifideles Laici) (December 30, 1988) (Washington, D.C.:United States Catholic Conference, 1988), no. 22.9 Ibid., nos. 18, 20.10 Ibid., nos. 20; cf. nos. 22-23.11 CCC, no. 1534.12 LG, no. 29. Cf. AGD, op. cit., nos. 15-16; OE, no. 17.13 Pope Paul VI, Apostolic Letter, Ad Pascendum (AP) (August 15, 1972), citing Mt 20:28.14 DMLPD, no. 27.15 BNFPD, no. 88.
Notes916 Ibid., no. 11.17 Pope Paul VI, Apostolic Letter, Sacrum Diaconatus Ordinem (June 18, 1967).18 Pope Paul VI, Apostolic Constitution, Pontificalis Romani Recognito (June 18, 1968).19 AP, op. cit.20 Pope Paul VI, Apostolic Letter, Ministeria Quaedem (August 15, 1972).21 The committee’s responsibilities, as authorized by <strong>the</strong> United States Conference <strong>of</strong>Catholic Bishops, are specified in Appendix II <strong>of</strong> this <strong>Directory</strong>.22 Bishops’ Committee on <strong>the</strong> <strong>Permanent</strong> Diaconate, <strong>National</strong> Conference <strong>of</strong> CatholicBishops, <strong>Permanent</strong> Deacons in <strong>the</strong> United States: Guidelines on Their <strong>Formation</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Ministry</strong>(Washington, D.C.: United States Catholic Conference, 1971). The committee, under itsfirst chairman, Most Rev. Ernest L. Unterkoefler, prepared <strong>the</strong>se Guidelines.23 The diaconate has grown remarkably in <strong>the</strong> United States. According to statistics <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>USCCB Secretariat <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> Diaconate, <strong>the</strong>re were, in 1971, 58 deacons <strong>and</strong> 529 c<strong>and</strong>idates,<strong>and</strong> in 1975, 1,074 deacons <strong>and</strong> 2,243 c<strong>and</strong>idates. By 1980, <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> deaconshad quadrupled to 4,656, with 2,514 c<strong>and</strong>idates. As <strong>of</strong> December 31, 2001, more than14,000 deacons were serving in <strong>the</strong> dioceses <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> United States <strong>and</strong> territorial sees. Onlysix dioceses had no incardinated deacons.24 Bishops’ Committee on <strong>the</strong> <strong>Permanent</strong> Diaconate, <strong>National</strong> Conference <strong>of</strong> CatholicBishops, A <strong>National</strong> Study <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Permanent</strong> Diaconate in <strong>the</strong> United States (Washington,D.C.: United States Catholic Conference, 1981), p. 1.25 Ibid.26 PDG (1984). The committee under <strong>the</strong> chairmanship <strong>of</strong> Most Rev. John J. Snyder began<strong>the</strong> revision. It was completed under <strong>the</strong> chairmanship <strong>of</strong> Most Rev. John F. Kinney.27 STVI.28 Bishops’ Committee on <strong>the</strong> <strong>Permanent</strong> Diaconate, <strong>National</strong> Conference <strong>of</strong> CatholicBishops, Service <strong>Ministry</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Deacon, Rev. Timothy J. Shugrue, author, (Washington,D.C.: United States Catholic Conference, 1988).28 Bishops’ Committee on <strong>the</strong> <strong>Permanent</strong> Diaconate, <strong>National</strong> Conference <strong>of</strong> CatholicBishops, Foundations <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> Renewal <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Diaconate (Washington, D.C.: United StatesCatholic Conference, 1993).30 Bishops’ Committee on <strong>the</strong> Diaconate, <strong>National</strong> Conference <strong>of</strong> Catholic Bishops, Deacons:Ministers <strong>of</strong> Justice <strong>and</strong> Charity [video], Deacon Richard Folger, editor, (1998).31 Most Rev. Crescenzio Sepe, Secretary <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Congregation <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> Clergy, Address to <strong>the</strong><strong>National</strong> Catholic Diaconate Conference, New Orleans, La. (July 21, 1994).32 PDV.33 Congregation <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> Clergy, <strong>Directory</strong> on <strong>the</strong> <strong>Ministry</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Life</strong> <strong>of</strong> Priests (Washington, D.C.:Libreria Editrice Vaticana-United States Catholic Conference, 1994).34 Most Rev. Crescenzio Sepe, op. cit.35 BNFPD <strong>and</strong> DMLPD, Joint Declaration.
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